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This is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena). For other lists of eponyms, see
eponym An eponym is a person, a place, or a thing after whom or which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. The adjectives which are derived from the word eponym include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Usage of the word The term ''epon ...
.


A

* Abderhalden–Fauser reaction –
Emil Abderhalden Emil Abderhalden (9 March 1877 – 5 August 1950) was a Swiss biochemist and physiologist. His main findings, though disputed already in the 1910s, were not finally rejected until the late 1990s. Whether his misleading findings were based on fr ...
and August Fauser (1856–1938) *
Abney effect The Abney effect or the purity-on-hue effect describes the perceived hue shift that occurs when white light is added to a monochromatic light source. The addition of white light will cause a desaturation of the monochromatic source, as perceive ...
– William de Wiveleslie Abney * Abrikosov lattice –
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов; June 25, 1928 – March 29, 2017) was a Soviet, Russian and AmericanAlexei A. AbrikosovAutobiography Nobelprize.org, the official website of the ...
*
Aharonov–Bohm effect The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic potential (φ, A), despite being confine ...
–
Yakir Aharonov Yakir Aharonov ( he, יקיר אהרונוב; born August 28, 1932) is an Israeli physicist specializing in quantum physics. He has been a Professor of Theoretical Physics and the James J. Farley Professor of Natural Philosophy at Chapman Univer ...
and
David Bohm David Joseph Bohm (; 20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992) was an American-Brazilian-British scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th centuryPeat 1997, pp. 316-317 and who contributed ...
*
Alfvén wave In plasma physics, an Alfvén wave, named after Hannes Alfvén, is a type of plasma wave in which ions oscillate in response to a restoring force provided by an effective tension on the magnetic field lines. Definition An Alfvén wave is ...
– Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén *
Alhazen's problem Alhazen's problem, also known as Alhazen's billiard problem, is a mathematical problem in geometrical optics first formulated by Ptolemy in 150 AD. It is named for the 11th-century Arab mathematician Alhazen (''Ibn al-Haytham'') who presented a g ...
–
Alhazen Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; full name ; ), was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.For the description of his main fields, see e.g. ("He is one of the prin ...
*
Allais effect The Allais effect is the alleged anomalous behavior of pendulums or gravimeters which is sometimes purportedly observed during a solar eclipse. The effect was first reported as an anomalous precession of the plane of oscillation of a Fouca ...
–
Maurice Allais Maurice Félix Charles Allais (31 May 19119 October 2010) was a French physicist and economist, the 1988 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization o ...
*
Allee effect The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology characterized by a correlation between population size or density and the mean individual fitness (often measured as ''per capita'' population growth rate) of a population or species. History and backgro ...
–
Warder Clyde Allee Warder Clyde Allee (June 5, 1885 – March 18, 1955) was an American ecologist. He is recognized to be one of the great pioneers of American ecology. Schmidt, Karl Patterson. "Warder Allee: A Biographical Memoir", National Academy of Sciences. Was ...
* Amdahl's law, a.k.a. Amdahl's argument –
Gene Amdahl Gene Myron Amdahl (November 16, 1922 – November 10, 2015) was an American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur, chiefly known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation ...
* Ampère's law –
André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics". He is also the inventor of nu ...
*
Anderson–Higgs mechanism In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property " mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles, the other b ...
(a.k.a.
Higgs mechanism In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property " mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles, the other b ...
) –
Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, Emeritus Professor in the University of Edinburgh,Griggs, Jessica (Summer 2008The Missing Piece ''Edit'' the University of Edinburgh Alumni Magazine, p. 17 and Nobel Prize ...
and Philip Warren Anderson *
Anderson–Darling test The Anderson–Darling test is a statistical test of whether a given sample of data is drawn from a given probability distribution. In its basic form, the test assumes that there are no parameters to be estimated in the distribution being tested, ...
–
Theodore Wilbur Anderson Theodore Wilbur Anderson (June 5, 1918 – September 17, 2016) was an American mathematician and statistician who specialized in the analysis of multivariate data. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was on the faculty of Columbia ...
and Donald A. Darling *
Andreev reflection Andreev reflection (AR), named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N). It is a charge-transfer process by which ...
– Alexander F. Andreev *
Apgar score The Apgar score is a quick way for doctors to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar ...
– Virginia Apgar *
Arago spot Arago may refer to: People * Aragó, a family name of the kings of the Aragonese Crown * Étienne Arago (1802–1892), French journalist, theater director, and politician; brother of Juan, François, and Jacques * François Arago (1786–1853), ...
– Dominique François Jean Arago *
Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction (also called the Arbuzov reaction) is the chemical reaction of a trivalent phosphorus ester with an alkyl halide to form a pentavalent phosphorus species and another alkyl halide. The picture below shows the most c ...
– Aleksandr Erminingeldovich Arbuzov and August Karl Arnold Michaelis *
Archimedean spiral The Archimedean spiral (also known as the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. It is the locus corresponding to the locations over time of a point moving away from a fixed point with a ...
,
Archimedes number In viscous fluid dynamics, the Archimedes number (Ar), is a dimensionless number used to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences, named after the ancient Greek scientist and mathematician Archimedes. It is the ratio of grav ...
–
Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse (;; ) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientis ...
* Argand diagram – Jean Robert Argand * Aristotle's lantern –
Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ...
*
Armstrong oscillator The Armstrong oscillator (also known as the Meissner oscillator) is an electronic oscillator circuit which uses an inductor and capacitor to generate an oscillation. It is the earliest oscillator circuit, invented by US engineer Edwin Armstrong ...
–
Edwin Armstrong Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 – February 1, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor, who developed FM (frequency modulation) radio and the superheterodyne receiver system. He held 42 patents and received numerous awa ...
* Arndt–Eistert synthesis – Fritz Arndt and Bernd Eistert * Arndt–Schulz law/principle/rule –
Rudolf Arndt Rudolf Gottfried Arndt (31 March 1835 – 29 January 1900) was a German psychiatrist from Bialken, district of Marienwerder. Biography Arndt studied in Greifswald and Halle. As a student, his instructors included Felix von Niemeyer (182 ...
and Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz *
Arrhenius equation In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates. The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff who had noted in ...
– Svante August Arrhenius *
Ashkin–Teller model In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. By studying the Potts model, one may gain insight into the behaviour of ferromagnets and certain other phenom ...
(a.k.a.
Potts model In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. By studying the Potts model, one may gain insight into the behaviour of ferromagnets and certain other phenom ...
) – Julius Ashkin and
Edward Teller Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care for ...
*
Asinger reaction The Asinger-reaction (sometimes referred to as the Asinger-4 component reaction or A-4CR for short) is a multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 3-thiazolines and other related heterocycles. It is named after Friedrich Asinger who first report ...
–
Friedrich Asinger Friedrich Asinger (26 June 1907 in Freiland/Niederdonau (Austria); – 7 March 1999 in Aachen) was an Austrian chemist and professor for Technical Chemistry. He is well known for his development of a multi-component reaction, the Asinger reaction ...
* Auger effect (a.k.a. Auger-Meitner effect),
electron The electron ( or ) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have n ...
–
Pierre Victor Auger Pierre Victor Auger (; 14 May 1899 – 24 December 1993) was a French physicist, born in Paris. He worked in the fields of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and cosmic ray physics. He is famous for being one of the discoverers of the Auger effect, ...
and
Lise Meitner Elise Meitner ( , ; 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was one of those responsible for the discovery of the element protactinium and nuclear fission. While working at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute on r ...
*
Autler–Townes effect In spectroscopy, the Autler–Townes effect (also known as AC Stark effect), is a dynamical Stark effect corresponding to the case when an oscillating electric field (e.g., that of a laser) is tuned in resonance (or close) to the transition frequen ...
– Stanley H. Autler and
Charles H. Townes Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated wit ...
*
Auwers synthesis The Auwers synthesis is a series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone. This reaction was first reported by Karl von Auwers in 1908.K. v. Auwers, E. Auffenberg, "Über Cumaranone und Hydrindone", '' Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.'', 52, ...
–
Karl von Auwers Karl Friedrich von Auwers (September 16, 1863 – May 3, 1939) was a German chemist, and was the academic adviser of both Karl Ziegler and Georg Wittig at the University of Marburg. Life Karl Friedrich von Auwers was born the son of the renowned ...
*
Avogadro's law Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) or Avogadro-Ampère's hypothesis is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific ca ...
,
Avogadro constant The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted or , is the proportionality factor that relates the number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms or ions) in a sample with the amount of substance in that sample. It is an SI defining ...
,
Avogadro number The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted or , is the proportionality factor that relates the number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms or ions) in a sample with the amount of substance in that sample. It is an SI defining co ...
– Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto


B

*
Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis The Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis (1882) is an organic reaction in which indigo is prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone The reaction was developed by von Baeyer in 1880 to produce the first synthetic indigo at laboratory ...
– Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer and Viggo Drewsen *
Baeyer–Villiger oxidation The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant. The reaction is named after Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger who ...
and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger * Babler–Dauben oxidation – James Babler and William Garfield Dauben * Bagnold number –
Ralph Alger Bagnold Brigadier Ralph Alger Bagnold, OBE, FRS, (3 April 1896 – 28 May 1990) was an English 20th-century desert explorer, geologist and soldier. In 1932, he staged the first recorded East-to-West crossing of the Libyan Desert. His work in the ...
*
Baily's beads The Baily's beads effect or diamond ring effect is a feature of total and annular solar eclipses. As the Moon covers the Sun during a solar eclipse, the rugged topography of the lunar limb allows beads of sunlight to shine through in some places ...
– Francis Baily *
Baker–Nathan effect In organic chemistry, the Baker–Nathan effect is observed with reaction rates for certain chemical reactions with certain substrates where the order in reactivity cannot be explained solely by an inductive effect of substituents. This effect ...
– John William Baker and Wilfred S. Nathan * Bakerian mimicry –
Herbert G. Baker Herbert George Baker (February 23, 1920 – July 2, 2001) was a British-American botanist and evolutionary ecologist who was an authority on pollination biology and breeding systems of angiosperms. He described what became known as "Baker's rul ...
* Baldwin effect (astronomy) – Jack Allen Baldwin * Baldwin effect (Baldwinian evolution, Ontogenic evolution) –
James Mark Baldwin James Mark Baldwin (January 12, 1861, Columbia, South Carolina – November 8, 1934, Paris) was an American philosopher and psychologist who was educated at Princeton under the supervision of Scottish philosopher James McCosh and who was one of ...
*
Baldwin's rules Baldwin's rules in organic chemistry are a series of guidelines outlining the relative favorabilities of ring closure reactions in alicyclic compounds. They were first proposed by Jack Baldwin in 1976. Baldwin's rules discuss the relative rates ...
– Jack Edward Baldwin *
Balmer line The Balmer series, or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered b ...
,
series Series may refer to: People with the name * Caroline Series (born 1951), English mathematician, daughter of George Series * George Series (1920–1995), English physicist Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Series, the ordered sets used in ...
–
Johann Jakob Balmer Johann Jakob Balmer (1 May 1825 – 12 March 1898) was a Swiss mathematician best known for his work in physics, the Balmer series of hydrogen atom. Biography Balmer was born in Lausen, Switzerland, the son of a chief justice also named Johann ...
* Bamberger rearrangement – Eugen Bamberger * Bamford–Stevens reaction – William Randall Bamford and Thomas Stevens Stevens *
Barkhausen effect The Barkhausen effect is a name given to the noise in the magnetic output of a ferromagnet when the magnetizing force applied to it is changed. Discovered by German physicist Heinrich Barkhausen in 1919, it is caused by rapid changes of size o ...
–
Heinrich Barkhausen Heinrich Georg Barkhausen (2 December 1881 – 20 February 1956), born in Bremen, was a German physicist. Growing up in a patrician Bremen family, he showed interest in natural sciences from an early age. He studied at the Technical Univers ...
* Barnett effect –
Samuel Jackson Barnett Samuel Jackson Barnett (December 14, 1873 – May 22, 1956) was an American physicist. He was a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. Barnett was born in Woodson County, Kansas, the son of a minister. In 1894, he received a B.A. ...
* Barnum effect (a.k.a.
Forer effect The Barnum effect, also called the Forer effect or, less commonly, the Barnum–Forer effect, is a common psychological phenomenon whereby individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored ...
) –
Phineas Taylor Barnum Phineas Taylor Barnum (; July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, businessman, and politician, remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus (1871–2017) with James Anthony Bailey. He was ...
(and Bertram R. Forer) *
Barton reaction The Barton reaction, also known as the Barton nitrite ester reaction, is a photochemical reaction that involves the photolysis of an alkyl nitrite to form a δ-nitroso alcohol. Discovered in 1960, the reaction is named for its discoverer, Nobel Lau ...
– Derek Harold Richard Barton *
Barton–McCombie deoxygenation The Barton–McCombie deoxygenation is an organic reaction in which a hydroxy functional group in an organic compound is replaced by a hydrogen to give an alkyl group. It is named after British chemists Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton and Stuart ...
– Derek Harold Richard Barton and Stuart W. McCombie *
Baskerville effect The Baskerville effect, or the Hound of the Baskervilles effect, is the alleged self-fulfilling prophecy that there is an increase in rate of mortality through heart attacks on days considered unlucky because of the psychological stress this causes ...
– the fictional Charles Baskerville of the novel ''
The Hound of the Baskervilles ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'' is the third of the four crime novels by British writer Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the detective Sherlock Holmes. Originally serialised in ''The Strand Magazine'' from August 1901 to April 1902, it is set ...
'' *
Batesian mimicry Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, after his work on ...
–
Henry Walter Bates Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825, in Leicester – 16 February 1892, in London) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of ...
* Bayes's theorem –
Thomas Bayes Thomas Bayes ( ; 1701 7 April 1761) was an English statistician, philosopher and Presbyterian minister who is known for formulating a specific case of the theorem that bears his name: Bayes' theorem. Bayes never published what would become his ...
*
Baylis–Hillman reaction The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between the α-position of an activated alkene and a carbon electrophile such as an aldehyde. Employing a nucleophilic catalyst, such as a tertiary amine and phosphine, this rea ...
– Anthony B. Baylis and Melville E. D. Hillman *
Bayliss effect The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel. Myogenic response refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte itself instead of ...
– William M. Bayliss * BCS superconduction theory –
John Bardeen John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and engineer. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the tra ...
, Leon Cooper, and
Robert Schrieffer John Robert Schrieffer (; May 31, 1931 – July 27, 2019) was an American physicist who, with John Bardeen and Leon Cooper, was a recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics for developing the BCS theory, the first successful quantum theor ...
*
Beaufort scale The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. History The scale was devised in 1805 by the Irish hydrographer Francis Beaufort ...
(Beaufort wind force scale) –
Francis Beaufort Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (; 27 May 1774 – 17 December 1857) was an Irish hydrographer, rear admiral of the Royal Navy, and creator of the Beaufort cipher and the Beaufort scale. Early life Francis Beaufort was descende ...
*
Beckmann rearrangement The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is a rearrangement of an oxime functional group to substituted amides. The rearrangement has also been successfully performed on haloimines and nitrone ...
– Ernst Otto Beckmann * Beer's law (a.k.a.
Beer–Lambert law The Beer–Lambert law, also known as Beer's law, the Lambert–Beer law, or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling. The law is commonly applied t ...
or Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law) –
August Beer August Beer (; 31 July 1825 – 18 November 1863) was a German physicist, chemist, and mathematician of Jewish descent. Biography Beer was born in Trier, where he studied mathematics and natural sciences. Beer was educated at the technical s ...
(and
Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert (, ''Jean-Henri Lambert'' in French; 26 or 28 August 1728 – 25 September 1777) was a polymath from the Republic of Mulhouse, generally referred to as either Swiss or French, who made important contributions to the subject ...
and
Pierre Bouguer Pierre Bouguer () (16 February 1698, Croisic – 15 August 1758, Paris) was a French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer. He is also known as "the father of naval architecture". Career Bouguer's father, Jean Bouguer, one ...
) * Beilstein's test –
Friedrich Konrad Beilstein Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (russian: Фёдор Фёдорович Бейльштейн) (17 February 183818 October 1906), was a Russian chemist and founder of the famous ''Handbuch der organischen Chemie'' (''Handbook of Organic Chemistry''). T ...
*
Bejan number There are two different Bejan numbers (Be) used in the scientific domains of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. Bejan numbers are named after Adrian Bejan. Thermodynamics In the field of thermodynamics the Bejan number is the ratio of heat transfe ...
–
Adrian Bejan Adrian Bejan is an American professor who has made contributions to modern thermodynamics and developed his constructal law. He is J. A. Jones Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Duke University and author of the books Design i ...
*
Bekenstein bound In physics, the Bekenstein bound (named after Jacob Bekenstein) is an upper limit on the thermodynamic entropy ''S'', or Shannon entropy ''H'', that can be contained within a given finite region of space which has a finite amount of energy—o ...
– Jacob Bekenstein *
Bélády's anomaly In computer storage, Bélády's anomaly is the phenomenon in which increasing the number of page frames results in an increase in the number of page faults for certain memory access patterns. This phenomenon is commonly experienced when using t ...
–
László Bélády László "Les" Bélády (born April 29, 1928, in Budapest; died November 6, 2021) was a Hungarian computer scientist notable for devising the Bélády's Min theoretical memory caching algorithm in 1966 while working at IBM Research. He also demo ...
* Bell's inequality –
John Stewart Bell John Stewart Bell FRS (28 July 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a physicist from Northern Ireland and the originator of Bell's theorem, an important theorem in quantum physics regarding hidden-variable theories. In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Phy ...
*
Bell number In combinatorial mathematics, the Bell numbers count the possible partitions of a set. These numbers have been studied by mathematicians since the 19th century, and their roots go back to medieval Japan. In an example of Stigler's law of eponymy ...
–
Eric Temple Bell Eric Temple Bell (7 February 1883 – 21 December 1960) was a Scottish-born mathematician and science fiction writer who lived in the United States for most of his life. He published non-fiction using his given name and fiction as John Tain ...
* Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction –
Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (russian: Бори́с Па́влович Белоу́сов, link=no; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist and biophysicist who discovered the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the earl ...
and Anatol Markovich Zhabotinskii *
Bénard cell Benard or Bénard is a surname or given name. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Abraham-Joseph Bénard (1750–1822), French actor of the Comédie-Française * Aimé Bénard (1873–1938), Canadian politician * Alexander Benard, Am ...
–
Henri Bénard Henri Claude Bénard (25 October 1874 – 29 March 1939) was a French physicist, best known for his research on convection in liquids that now carries his name, Bénard convection. In addition, the historical surveys of both Tokaty and von Ká ...
* Bénard–Marangoni cell/convection (a.k.a. Marangoni convection) –
Henri Bénard Henri Claude Bénard (25 October 1874 – 29 March 1939) was a French physicist, best known for his research on convection in liquids that now carries his name, Bénard convection. In addition, the historical surveys of both Tokaty and von Ká ...
and Carlo Marangoni *
Benedict's test Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution) is a chemical reagent and complex mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. It is often used in place of Fehling's ...
– Stanley Rossiter Benedict *
Benford's law Benford's law, also known as the Newcomb–Benford law, the law of anomalous numbers, or the first-digit law, is an observation that in many real-life sets of numerical data, the leading digit is likely to be small.Arno Berger and Theodore ...
– Frank Albert Benford, Jr. *
Benioff zone Benioff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *David Benioff (born 1970), American writer, screenwriter and television producer *Hugo Benioff (1899–1968), American seismologist and academic **Wadati–Benioff zone * Marc Benioff ...
– see
Wadati–Benioff zone A Wadati–Benioff zone (also Benioff–Wadati zone or Benioff zone or Benioff seismic zone) is a planar zone of seismicity corresponding with the down-going slab in a subduction zone. Differential motion along the zone produces numerous earthq ...
, below * Bennett pinch –
Willard Harrison Bennett Willard Harrison Bennett (June 13, 1903 – September 28, 1987) was an American scientist and inventor, born in Findlay, Ohio. Bennett conducted research into plasma physics, astrophysics, geophysics, surface physics, and physical chemistry. ...
* Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition – Veniamin L. Berezinsky, John M. Kosterlitz, and
David J. Thouless David James Thouless (; 21 September 1934 – 6 April 2019) was a British condensed-matter physicist. He was the winner of the 1990 Wolf Prize and a laureate of the 2016 Nobel Prize for physics along with F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael ...
*
Bergman cyclization The Masamune-Bergman cyclization or Masamune-Bergman reaction or Masamune-Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enediyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen d ...
– Robert George Bergman *
Bergmann's rule Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer r ...
–
Carl Bergmann (anatomist) Carl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann (18 May 1814 – 30 April 1865) was a German anatomist, physiologist and biologist who developed Bergmann's rule relating population sizes to ambient temperature.Bergmann–Zervas carbobenzoxy method – Max Bergmann and
Leonidas Zervas Leonidas Zervas ( el, Λεωνίδας Ζέρβας, ; 21 May 1902 – 10 July 1980) was a Greek organic chemist who made seminal contributions in peptide chemical synthesis. Together with his mentor Max Bergmann they laid the foundations for t ...
*
Bernoulli effect In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after the Swiss mathematic ...
,
Bernoulli's equation In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after the Swiss mathematic ...
,
principle A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the l ...
–
Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli FRS (; – 27 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from Basel. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mecha ...
*
Berry's phase In classical and quantum mechanics, geometric phase is a phase difference acquired over the course of a cycle, when a system is subjected to cyclic adiabatic processes, which results from the geometrical properties of the parameter space of the Ha ...
– Michael V. Berry *
Betz limit Betz's law indicates the maximum power that can be extracted from the wind, independent of the design of a wind turbine in open flow. It was published in 1919 by the German physicist Albert Betz. The law is derived from the principles of conserva ...
–
Albert Betz Albert Betz (25 December 1885 – 16 April 1968) was a German physicist and a pioneer of wind turbine technology. Education and career Betz was born in Schweinfurt. In 1910 he graduated as a naval engineer from Technische Hochschule Berlin ...
* Bezold–Brücke shift (a.k.a. von Bezold spreading effect) – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Bezold and
Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (6 July 1819 – 7 January 1892) was a German physician and physiologist. He is credited with contributions made in many facets of physiology. Biography He was born Ernst Wilhelm Brücke in Berlin. He graduate ...
* Biefeld–Brown effect – Paul Alfred Biefeld and
Thomas Townsend Brown Thomas Townsend Brown (March 18, 1905 – October 27, 1985) was an American inventor whose research into odd electrical effects led him to believe he had discovered a connection between strong electric fields and gravity, a type of antigravity ...
* Biginelli reaction – Pietro Biginelli *
Biot number The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations. It is named after the eighteenth century French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862), and gives a simple index of the ratio of the thermal resistances ''ins ...
–
Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (; ; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early ba ...
*
Biot–Savart law In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the Biot–Savart law ( or ) is an equation describing the magnetic field generated by a constant electric current. It relates the magnetic field to the magnitude, direction, length, and proximity of the ...
–
Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (; ; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early ba ...
and
Félix Savart Félix Savart (; ; 30 June 1791, Mézières – 16 March 1841, Paris) was a French physicist and mathematician who is primarily known for the Biot–Savart law of electromagnetism, which he discovered together with his colleague Jean-Bapti ...
*
Birch reduction The Birch reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to cyclohexadienes. The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch and involves the organic reduction of aromatic rings in an amine solvent (traditionally ...
–
Arthur John Birch Arthur John Birch, AC CMG FRS FAA (3 August 1915 – 8 December 1995) was an Australian organic chemist. Birch developed the Birch reduction of aromatic rings (by treatment with lithium metal and ammonia) which is widely used in synthetic or ...
*
Birkeland current A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current) is a set of electrical currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere. In the Earth's magnetosphere, the curr ...
s –
Kristian Birkeland Kristian Olaf Bernhard Birkeland (13 December 1867 – 15 June 1917) was a Norwegian scientist. He is best remembered for his theories of atmospheric electric currents that elucidated the nature of the aurora borealis. In order to fund his res ...
*
Bischler–Napieralski reaction The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that allows for the cyclization of β-arylethylamides or β-arylethylcarbamates. It was first discovered in 1893 by August Bischler and , in affi ...
– August Bischler and Bernard Napieralski *
Black's equation Black's Equation is a mathematical model for the mean time to failure (MTTF) of a semiconductor circuit due to electromigration: a phenomenon of molecular rearrangement (movement) in the solid phase caused by an electromagnetic field. The equation ...
for electromigration –
James R. Black James Richard Black (born April 3, 1962) is an American actor and former professional football player. Early life Black was born in Lima, Ohio. He attended Dover High School in Dover, Ohio, where he was a star athlete. He graduated in 1980. ...
(d. 2004) of
Motorola Motorola, Inc. () was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company split into two independent public companies, Motorola ...
* Blandford–Znajek process – Roger D. Blandford and Roman L. Znajek *
Blazhko effect The Blazhko effect, which is sometimes called long-period modulation, is a variation in period and amplitude in RR Lyrae type variable stars. It was first observed by Sergey Blazhko in 1907 in the star RW Draconis. The physics behind the Blazhko ...
–
Sergey Blazhko Sergey Nikolayevich Blazhko (''Сергей Николаевич Блажко'' in Russian) (November 17, 1870 – February 11, 1956, Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet astronomer, a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Uni ...
* Bloch electrons –
Felix Bloch Felix Bloch (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss-American physicist and Nobel physics laureate who worked mainly in the U.S. He and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for "their development of new ...
*
Bloom filter A Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure, conceived by Burton Howard Bloom in 1970, that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set. False positive matches are possible, but false negatives are not – in ...
– Burton Howard Bloom * Bodenstein number –
Max Bodenstein Max Ernst August Bodenstein (July 15, 1871 – September 3, 1942) was a German physical chemist known for his work in chemical kinetics. He was first to postulate a chain reaction mechanism and that explosions are branched chain reactions, lat ...
* Bohm sheath criterion –
David Bohm David Joseph Bohm (; 20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992) was an American-Brazilian-British scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th centuryPeat 1997, pp. 316-317 and who contributed ...
*
Bohr effect The Bohr effect is a phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr. Hemoglobin's oxygen binding affinity (see oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve) is inversely related both to acidity and to the concentration ...
–
Christian Bohr Christian Harald Lauritz Peter Emil Bohr (1855–1911) was a Danish physician, father of the physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr, as well as the mathematician and football player Harald Bohr and grandfather of another physicist and Nobel lau ...
*
Bohr magneton In atomic physics, the Bohr magneton (symbol ) is a physical constant and the natural unit for expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by its orbital or spin angular momentum. The Bohr magneton, in SI units is defined as \mu_\m ...
,
model A model is an informative representation of an object, person or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin ''modulus'', a measure. Models c ...
,
radius In classical geometry, a radius (plural, : radii) of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its Centre (geometry), center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length. The name comes from the latin ''radius'', ...
–
Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 ...
*
Boltzmann constant The Boltzmann constant ( or ) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin and the gas constan ...
–
Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics, and the statistical explanation of the second law of ther ...
* Bonnor–Ebert mass – William Bowen Bonnor and Rolf Ebert *
Borel algebra In mathematics, a Borel set is any set in a topological space that can be formed from open sets (or, equivalently, from closed sets) through the operations of countable union, countable intersection, and relative complement. Borel sets are name ...
, measure,
set Set, The Set, SET or SETS may refer to: Science, technology, and mathematics Mathematics *Set (mathematics), a collection of elements *Category of sets, the category whose objects and morphisms are sets and total functions, respectively Electro ...
,
space Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consi ...
,
summation In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of any kind of numbers, called ''addends'' or ''summands''; the result is their ''sum'' or ''total''. Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, ma ...
,
Borel's lemma In mathematics, Borel's lemma, named after Émile Borel, is an important result used in the theory of asymptotic expansions and partial differential equations. Statement Suppose ''U'' is an open set in the Euclidean space R''n'', and suppose th ...
,
paradox A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically u ...
–
Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability. Biography Borel was ...
* Borel–Cantelli lemma –
Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability. Biography Borel was ...
and Francesco Paolo Cantelli *
Borel–Carathéodory theorem In mathematics, the Borel–Carathéodory theorem in complex analysis shows that an analytic function may be bounded by its real part. It is an application of the maximum modulus principle. It is named for Émile Borel and Constantin Carathéodor ...
–
Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability. Biography Borel was ...
and
Constantin Carathéodory Constantin Carathéodory ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Καραθεοδωρή, Konstantinos Karatheodori; 13 September 1873 – 2 February 1950) was a Greek mathematician who spent most of his professional career in Germany. He made significant ...
*
Born–Haber cycle The Born–Haber cycle is an approach to analyze reaction energies. It was named after the two German scientists Max Born and Fritz Haber, who developed it in 1919. It was also independently formulated by Kasimir Fajans and published concurrentl ...
–
Max Born Max Born (; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a ...
and
Fritz Haber Fritz Haber (; 9 December 186829 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydroge ...
*
Born–Oppenheimer approximation In quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the best-known mathematical approximation in molecular dynamics. Specifically, it is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and elect ...
–
Max Born Max Born (; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a ...
and Robert Oppenheimer * Borodin–Hunsdiecker reaction –
Alexander Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin ( rus, link=no, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir’yevich Borodin , p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin, a=RU-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin.ogg, ...
, Hienz Hunsdiecker, and Clare Hunsdiecker (''née'' Dieckmann) *
Borrmann effect The Borrmann effect (or Borrmann–Campbell effect after Gerhard Borrmann and Herbert N. Campbell) is the anomalous increase in the intensity of X-rays transmitted through a crystal when it is being set up for Bragg reflection. The Borrmann effect ...
(a.k.a. Borrmann–Campbell effect) – Gerhard Borrman (and Herbert N. Campbell) *
Bortle scale The Bortle scale (also known as the Bottle scale) is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's brightness of a particular location. It quantifies the astronomical observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by l ...
–
John E. Bortle John E. Bortle is an American amateur astronomer. He is best known for creating the Bortle scale to quantify the darkness of the night sky. Bortle has made a special study of comets. He has recorded thousands of observations relating to more than ...
*
Bose–Einstein condensate In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (−273.15 °C or −459.6 ...
,
effect Effect may refer to: * A result or change of something ** List of effects ** Cause and effect, an idiom describing causality Pharmacy and pharmacology * Drug effect, a change resulting from the administration of a drug ** Therapeutic effect, a ...
,
statistics Statistics (from German: '' Statistik'', "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, indust ...
– Satyendra Nath Bose and
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
*
Boson In particle physics, a boson ( ) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0,1,2 ...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spi ...
– Satyendra Nath Bose * Boyer's law –
Carl Benjamin Boyer Carl Benjamin Boyer (November 3, 1906 – April 26, 1976) was an American historian of sciences, and especially mathematics. Novelist David Foster Wallace called him the "Gibbon of math history". It has been written that he was one of few histori ...
*
Boyle's law Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an experimental gas law that describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas. Boyle's law has been stated as: The ...
(a.k.a. Boyle–Mariotte law) –
Robert Boyle Robert Boyle (; 25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders ...
(and
Edme Mariotte Edme Mariotte (; ; c. 162012 May 1684) was a French physicist and priest (abbé). He is particularly well known for formulating Boyle's law independently of Robert Boyle. Mariotte is also credited with designing the first Newton's cradle. Biogr ...
) * Brackett line/series – Frederick Sumner Brackett * Bradford's law (of scattering) – Samuel C. Bradford *
Braess's paradox Braess's paradox is the observation that adding one or more roads to a road network can slow down overall traffic flow through it. The paradox was discovered by the German mathematician Dietrich Braess in 1968. The paradox may have analogies in ...
– Dietrich Braess *
Bragg angle In physics and chemistry , Bragg's law, Georg Wulff, Wulff–Bragg's condition or Laue–Bragg interference, a special case of Laue diffraction, gives the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a crystal lattice. It encompasses the superposit ...
,
Bragg's law In physics and chemistry , Bragg's law, Wulff–Bragg's condition or Laue–Bragg interference, a special case of Laue diffraction, gives the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a crystal lattice. It encompasses the superposition of wave ...
, Bragg plane –
William Henry Bragg Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nob ...
and his son
William Lawrence Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structu ...
*
Bragg diffraction In physics and chemistry , Bragg's law, Georg Wulff, Wulff–Bragg's condition or Laue–Bragg interference, a special case of Laue diffraction, gives the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a crystal lattice. It encompasses the superposit ...
–
William Lawrence Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structu ...
* Brans–Dicke theory – Carl H. Brans and
Robert H. Dicke Robert Henry Dicke (; May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American astronomer and physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity. He was the Albert Einstein Professor in Scien ...
*
Bravais lattice In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after , is an infinite array of discrete points generated by a set of discrete translation operations described in three dimensional space by : \mathbf = n_1 \mathbf_1 + n_2 \mathbf_2 + n ...
–
Auguste Bravais Auguste Bravais (; 23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law. Bravais also studied ...
* Bravais–Miller indices (a.k.a. Miller–Bravais indices) –
Auguste Bravais Auguste Bravais (; 23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law. Bravais also studied ...
and William Hallowes Miller *
Brayton cycle The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of certain heat engines that have air or some other gas as their working fluid. The original Brayton engines used a piston compressor and piston expander, but modern gas tu ...
– George B. Brayton *
Bredt's rule Bredt's rule is an empirical observation in organic chemistry that states that a double bond cannot be placed at the bridgehead of a bridged ring system, unless the rings are large enough. The rule is named after Julius Bredt, who first discussed ...
–
Julius Bredt Julius Bredt (March 29, 1855 – September 21, 1937) was a German organic chemist. He was the first to determine, in 1893, the correct structure of camphor. Bredt also discovered that a double bond cannot be placed at the bridgehead of a bridg ...
*
Brewster's angle Brewster's angle (also known as the polarization angle) is an angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface, with ''no reflection''. When ''unpolarized'' light ...
,
law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...
–
David Brewster Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA Scot FSSA MICE (11 December 178110 February 1868) was a British scientist, inventor, author, and academic administrator. In science he is principally remembered for his experimental work in physical optics ...
*
Brillouin zone In mathematics and solid state physics, the first Brillouin zone is a uniquely defined primitive cell in reciprocal space. In the same way the Bravais lattice is divided up into Wigner–Seitz cells in the real lattice, the reciprocal lattice ...
– Léon Brillouin * Brinkman number – Hendrik C. Brinkman *
Brook rearrangement In organic chemistry the Brook rearrangement refers to any ,''n''carbon to oxygen silyl migration. The rearrangement was first observed in the late 1950s by Canadian chemist Adrian Gibbs Brook (1924–2013), after which the reaction is named. The ...
– Adrian Gibbs Brook *
Brooks's law Brooks' law is an observation about software project management according to which adding manpower to software project that is behind schedule delays it even longer.Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. '' The Mythical Man-Month''. 1995 975 Addison-Wesley. It ...
(of software development) – Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. *
Brownian motion Brownian motion, or pedesis (from grc, πήδησις "leaping"), is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas). This pattern of motion typically consists of random fluctuations in a particle's position insi ...
– Robert Brown * Bucherer reaction – Hans Theodor Bucherer *
Büchi automata Buchi can mean: __NOTOC__ Items *Bachi, special Japanese drumsticks *Butsi, the Hispanised term for jin deui (pastry made from glutinous rice) in the Philippines *Büchi automaton, finite state automata extended to infinite inputs * Büchi arithmet ...
–
Julius Richard Büchi Julius Richard Büchi (1924–1984) was a Swiss logician and mathematician. He received his Dr. sc. nat. in 1950 at ETH Zurich under the supervision of Paul Bernays and Ferdinand Gonseth. Shortly afterwards he went to Purdue University in Laf ...
*
Buckingham π theorem In engineering, applied mathematics, and physics, the Buckingham theorem is a key theorem in dimensional analysis. It is a formalization of Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis. Loosely, the theorem states that if there is a physically me ...
–
Edgar Buckingham Edgar Buckingham (July 8, 1867 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – April 29, 1940 in Washington DC) was an American physicist. He graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in physics in 1887. He did graduate work at Strasbourg ...
*
Burali-Forti paradox In set theory, a field of mathematics, the Burali-Forti paradox demonstrates that constructing "the set of all ordinal numbers" leads to a contradiction and therefore shows an antinomy in a system that allows its construction. It is named after C ...
–
Cesare Burali-Forti Cesare Burali-Forti (13 August 1861 – 21 January 1931) was an Italian mathematician, after whom the Burali-Forti paradox is named. Biography Burali-Forti was born in Arezzo, and was an assistant of Giuseppe Peano in Turin from 1894 to 18 ...
*
Bürgi–Dunitz angle The Bürgi–Dunitz angle (BD angle) is one of two angles that fully define the geometry of "attack" (approach via collision) of a nucleophile on a trigonal unsaturated center in a molecule, originally the carbonyl center in an organic ketone, ...
– Hans-Beat Bürgi and Jack David Dunitz


C

* Cabannes–Daure effect –
Jean Cabannes Jean Cabannes (born 12 August 1885 – died 31 October 1959) was a French physicist specialising in optics. Education and career Cabannes studied at the Lycée de Nice and entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1906. From 1910 to 1914, Caba ...
and Pierre Daure *
Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling The Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling in organic chemistry is a coupling reaction between a terminal alkyne and a haloalkyne catalyzed by a copper(I) salt such as copper(I) bromide and an amine base.Cadiot, P.; Chodkiewicz, W. In Chemistry of Acety ...
,
reaction Reaction may refer to a process or to a response to an action, event, or exposure: Physics and chemistry *Chemical reaction *Nuclear reaction *Reaction (physics), as defined by Newton's third law *Chain reaction (disambiguation). Biology and me ...
– Paul Cadiot and Wladyslav Chodkiewicz *
Callendar effect Guy Stewart Callendar (; 9 February 1898 – 3 October 1964) was an English steam engineer and inventor. His main contribution to human knowledge was developing the theory that linked rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere to glob ...
–
Guy Stewart Callendar Guy Stewart Callendar (; 9 February 1898 – 3 October 1964) was an English steam engineer and inventor. His main contribution to human knowledge was developing the theory that linked rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere to glob ...
* Callippic cycle – Callippus of Cyzicus *
Calvin cycle The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into ...
(a.k.a.
Calvin–Benson cycle The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into ...
) –
Melvin Calvin Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1912 – January 8, 1997) was an American biochemist known for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of h ...
(and Andy Benson) *
Cannizzaro reaction The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction which involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to give a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid. ...
–
Stanislao Cannizzaro Stanislao Cannizzaro ( , also , ; 13 July 1826 – 10 May 1910) was an Italian chemist. He is famous for the Cannizzaro reaction and for his influential role in the atomic-weight deliberations of the Karlsruhe Congress in 1860. Biograph ...
* Cardan angles (a.k.a.
Tait–Bryan angles The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.Novi Commentarii academiae scientiarum Petropolitanae 20, 1776, pp. 189–207 (E478PDF/ref> The ...
) –
Gerolamo Cardano Gerolamo Cardano (; also Girolamo or Geronimo; french: link=no, Jérôme Cardan; la, Hieronymus Cardanus; 24 September 1501– 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, ...
*
Carnot cycle A Carnot cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. By Carnot's theorem, it provides an upper limit on the efficiency of any classical thermodynam ...
,
number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers c ...
– Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot * Carpenter effect (a.k.a.
Ideomotor effect The ideomotor phenomenon is a psychological phenomenon wherein a subject makes motions unconsciously. Also called ideomotor response (or ideomotor reflex) and abbreviated to IMR, it is a concept in hypnosis and psychological research. It is der ...
) –
William Benjamin Carpenter William Benjamin Carpenter CB FRS (29 October 1813 – 19 November 1885) was an English physician, invertebrate zoologist and physiologist. He was instrumental in the early stages of the unified University of London. Life Carpenter was born o ...
*
Cartan–Kähler theorem In mathematics, the Cartan–Kähler theorem is a major result on the integrability conditions for differential systems, in the case of analytic functions, for differential ideals I. It is named for Élie Cartan and Erich Kähler. Meaning It is no ...
–
Élie Cartan Élie Joseph Cartan (; 9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups, differential systems (coordinate-free geometric formulation of PDEs), and differential geometr ...
,
Erich Kähler Erich Kähler (; 16 January 1906 – 31 May 2000) was a German mathematician with wide-ranging interests in geometry and mathematical physics, who laid important mathematical groundwork for algebraic geometry and for string theory. Education an ...
*
Casimir effect In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of the field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir, who pr ...
–
Hendrik Casimir Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (15 July 1909 – 4 May 2000) was a Dutch physicist best known for his research on the two-fluid model of superconductors (together with C. J. Gorter) in 1934 and the Casimir effect (together with D. Polder) in 19 ...
*
Catalan's conjecture Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was Conjecture, conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University. The integers 2 ...
(a.k.a.
Mihăilescu's theorem Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University. The integers 23 and 32 are ...
),
Catalan number In combinatorial mathematics, the Catalan numbers are a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems, often involving recursively defined objects. They are named after the French-Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Ca ...
s –
Eugène Charles Catalan Eugène Charles Catalan (30 May 1814 – 14 February 1894) was a French and Belgian mathematician who worked on continued fractions, descriptive geometry, number theory and combinatorics. His notable contributions included discovering a periodic ...
* Cauchy number (a.k.a. Hooke number) – Augustin-Louis Cauchy * Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem – Augustin-Louis Cauchy,
Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (russian: link=no, Софья Васильевна Ковалевская), born Korvin-Krukovskaya ( – 10 February 1891), was a Russian mathematician who made noteworthy contributions to analysis, partial differen ...
*
Cauer filter An elliptic filter (also known as a Cauer filter, named after Wilhelm Cauer, or as a Zolotarev filter, after Yegor Zolotarev) is a signal processing filter with equalized ripple (equiripple) behavior in both the passband and the stopband. The a ...
–
Wilhelm Cauer Wilhelm Cauer (24 June 1900 – 22 April 1945) was a German mathematician and scientist. He is most noted for his work on the analysis and synthesis of electrical filters and his work marked the beginning of the field of network synthesis. Prio ...
*
Chandler wobble The Chandler wobble or Chandler variation of latitude is a small deviation in the Earth's axis of rotation relative to the solid earth, which was discovered by and named after American astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler in 1891. It amounts to change o ...
–
Seth Carlo Chandler Seth Carlo Chandler, Jr. (September 16, 1846 – December 31, 1913) was an American astronomer, geodesist, and actuary. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Seth Carlo and Mary (née Cheever) Chandler. During his last year in high school ...
*
Chandrasekhar limit The Chandrasekhar limit () is the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. The currently accepted value of the Chandrasekhar limit is about (). White dwarfs resist gravitational collapse primarily through electron degeneracy pressure, compa ...
,
number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers c ...
– Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar * Chang–Refsdal lens – Kyongae Chang and
Sjur Refsdal Sjur Refsdal (30 December 1935 – 29 January 2009) was a Norwegian astrophysicist, born in Oslo. He is best known for his pioneer work on gravitational lensing, including the Chang-Refsdal lens. Biography In 1970 he earned a doctorate at the ...
*
Chaplygin gas Chaplygin gas, which occurs in certain theories of cosmology, is a hypothetical substance that satisfies an exotic equation of state in the form p = -A/\rho^\alpha , where p is the pressure, \rho is the density, with \alpha = 1 and A a positive c ...
– Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin *
Charles's law Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles's law is: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin t ...
–
Jacques Charles Jacques Alexandre César Charles (November 12, 1746 – April 7, 1823) was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. Charles wrote almost nothing about mathematics, and most of what has been credited to him was due to mistaking ...
*
Chebyshev distance In mathematics, Chebyshev distance (or Tchebychev distance), maximum metric, or L∞ metric is a metric defined on a vector space where the distance between two vectors is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension. It is n ...
,
equation In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word ''equation'' and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in ...
,
filter Filter, filtering or filters may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Filter (higher-order function), in functional programming * Filter (software), a computer program to process a data stream * Filter (video), a software component tha ...
,
linkage Linkage may refer to: * ''Linkage'' (album), by J-pop singer Mami Kawada, released in 2010 *Linkage (graph theory), the maximum min-degree of any of its subgraphs *Linkage (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse * Linkage (hierarchical cluster ...
, polynomials –
Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev ( rus, Пафну́тий Льво́вич Чебышёв, p=pɐfˈnutʲɪj ˈlʲvovʲɪtɕ tɕɪbɨˈʂof) ( – ) was a Russian mathematician and considered to be the founding father of Russian mathematics. Chebyshe ...
*
Chebyshev's inequality In probability theory, Chebyshev's inequality (also called the Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality) guarantees that, for a wide class of probability distributions, no more than a certain fraction of values can be more than a certain distance from th ...
(a.k.a. Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality) –
Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev ( rus, Пафну́тий Льво́вич Чебышёв, p=pɐfˈnutʲɪj ˈlʲvovʲɪtɕ tɕɪbɨˈʂof) ( – ) was a Russian mathematician and considered to be the founding father of Russian mathematics. Chebyshe ...
(and
Irénée-Jules Bienaymé Irénée-Jules Bienaymé (; 28 August 1796 – 19 October 1878) was a French statistician. He built on the legacy of Laplace generalizing his least squares method. He contributed to the fields of probability and statistics, and to their applicati ...
) * Cherenkov radiation (a.k.a. Cherenkov–Vavilov radiation) –
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (russian: Па́вел Алексе́евич Черенко́в ; July 28, 1904 – January 6, 1990) was a Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discov ...
(and
Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov (russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Вави́лов ( – January 25, 1951) was a Soviet physicist, the President of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union from July 1945 until his death. His elder brothe ...
) *
Chichibabin reaction The Chichibabin reaction (pronounced ' (chē')-chē-bā-bēn) is a method for producing 2-aminopyridine derivatives by the reaction of pyridine with sodium amide. It was reported by Aleksei Chichibabin in 1914. The following is the overall form of ...
– Alexei Yevgenievich Chichibabin * Christiansen effect – Christian Christiansen *
Christoffel symbol In mathematics and physics, the Christoffel symbols are an array of numbers describing a metric connection. The metric connection is a specialization of the affine connection to surfaces or other manifolds endowed with a metric, allowing dist ...
–
Elwin Bruno Christoffel Elwin Bruno Christoffel (; 10 November 1829 – 15 March 1900) was a German mathematician and physicist. He introduced fundamental concepts of differential geometry, opening the way for the development of tensor calculus, which would later provi ...
* Christofilos effect –
Nicholas Christofilos Nicholas Constantine Christofilos ( el, Νικόλαος Χριστοφίλου; December 16, 1916 – September 24, 1972) was a Greek physicist. The Christofilos effect, a type of electromagnetic shielding, is named after him. Career Christo ...
* Chugaev elimination/reaction, reagent –
Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev (16 October 1873 – 26 September 1922) was a Russian chemist. At the height of his career, he was professor of chemistry at the University of Petersburg, being the successor to Dmitri Mendeleev. He was active in the f ...
* Chwolson ring or Chwolson–Einstein ring –
Orest Khvolson Orest Danilovich Khvolson or Chwolson (russian: Орест Данилович Хвольсон) (November 22 ( N.S. December 4), 1852 – May 11, 1934) was a Russian physicist and honorary member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1920). He ...
(and
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
) *
Clairaut's relation In classical differential geometry, Clairaut's relation, named after Alexis Claude de Clairaut, is a formula that characterizes the great circle paths on the unit sphere. The formula states that if γ is a parametrization of a great circle then ...
,
theorem In mathematics, a theorem is a statement that has been proved, or can be proved. The ''proof'' of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of th ...
–
Alexis Claude Clairaut Alexis Claude Clairaut (; 13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist. He was a prominent Newtonian whose work helped to establish the validity of the principles and results that Sir Isaac Newton had ou ...
*
Claisen condensation The Claisen condensation is a carbon–carbon bond forming reaction that occurs between two esters or one ester and another carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong base, resulting in a β-keto ester or a β-diketone. It is named after Ra ...
, rearrangement –
Rainer Ludwig Claisen Rainer Ludwig Claisen (; 14 January 1851 – 5 January 1930) was a German chemist best known for his work with condensations of carbonyls and sigmatropic rearrangements. He was born in Cologne as the son of a jurist and studied chemistry at the u ...
* Claisen–Schmidt condensation –
Rainer Ludwig Claisen Rainer Ludwig Claisen (; 14 January 1851 – 5 January 1930) was a German chemist best known for his work with condensations of carbonyls and sigmatropic rearrangements. He was born in Cologne as the son of a jurist and studied chemistry at the u ...
and J. Gustav Schmidt *
Clapp oscillator The Clapp oscillator or Gouriet oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator that uses a particular combination of an inductor and three capacitors to set the oscillator's frequency. LC oscillators use a transistor (or vacuum tube or other gain eleme ...
– James K. Clapp *
Clarke orbit A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit''Geostationary orbit'' and ''Geosynchronous (equatorial) orbit'' are used somewhat interchangeably in sources. (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit in altitude ...
– Arthur C. Clarke *
Clemmensen reduction Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist. The orig ...
–
Erik Christian Clemmensen Erik Christian Clemmensen (August 12, 1876 – May 21, 1941) was a Danish-American chemist. He is most commonly associated with the Clemmensen reduction, a method for converting a carbonyl group into a methylene group. Biography Erik Christian Cl ...
* Coanda effect – Henri Coanda *
Coase theorem In law and economics, the Coase theorem () describes the economic efficiency of an economic allocation or outcome in the presence of externalities. The theorem states that if trade in an externality is possible and there are sufficiently low tra ...
–
Ronald Coase Ronald Harry Coase (; 29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author. Coase received a bachelor of commerce degree (1932) and a PhD from the London School of Economics, where he was a member of the faculty until 1951. ...
* Colburn–Chilton analogy (a.k.a. Colburn analogy) – Allan Philip Colburn and Thomas H. Chilton * Coleman–Liau index – Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau *
Coleman–Mandula theorem In theoretical physics, the Coleman–Mandula theorem is a no-go theorem stating that spacetime and internal symmetries can only combine in a trivial way. This means that the charges associated with internal symmetries must always transform as Lor ...
–
Sidney Coleman Sidney Richard Coleman (7 March 1937 – 18 November 2007) was an American theoretical physicist noted for his research in high-energy theoretical physics. Life and work Sidney Coleman grew up on the Far North Side of Chicago. In 1957, h ...
and Jeffrey Mandula *
Collatz conjecture The Collatz conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every positive integer into 1. It concerns sequences of integ ...
(a.k.a. the Ulam conjecture (
Stanisław Ulam Stanisław Marcin Ulam (; 13 April 1909 – 13 May 1984) was a Polish-American scientist in the fields of mathematics and nuclear physics. He participated in the Manhattan Project, originated the Teller–Ulam design of thermonuclear weapon ...
), Kakutani's problem (
Shizuo Kakutani was a Japanese-American mathematician, best known for his eponymous fixed-point theorem. Biography Kakutani attended Tohoku University in Sendai, where his advisor was Tatsujirō Shimizu. At one point he spent two years at the Institute for ...
), the Thwaites conjecture (Sir Bryan Thwaites), Hasse's algorithm ( Helmut Hasse), the Syracuse problem) –
Lothar Collatz Lothar Collatz (; July 6, 1910 – September 26, 1990) was a German mathematician, born in Arnsberg, Westphalia. The "3''x'' + 1" problem is also known as the Collatz conjecture, named after him and still unsolved. The Collatz–Wielandt formula ...
*
Colpitts oscillator A Colpitts oscillator, invented in 1918 by American engineer Edwin H. Colpitts, is one of a number of designs for LC oscillators, electronic oscillators that use a combination of inductors (L) and capacitors (C) to produce an oscillation at a certa ...
– Edwin H. Colpitts *
Compton effect Compton scattering, discovered by Arthur Holly Compton, is the scattering of a high frequency photon after an interaction with a charged particle, usually an electron. If it results in a decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of the photon ...
, scattering,
wavelength In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. It is the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase on the wave, such as two adjacent crests, tro ...
– Arthur Compton *
Compton–Getting effect The Compton–Getting effect is an apparent anisotropy in the intensity of radiation or particles due to the relative motion between the observer and the source. This effect was first identified in the intensity of cosmic rays by Arthur Compton a ...
– Arthur Compton and
Ivan A. Getting Ivan Alexander Getting (January 18, 1912 – October 11, 2003) was an American physicist and electrical engineer, credited (along with Roger L. Easton and Bradford Parkinson) with the development of the Global Positioning System (GPS). He was ...
*
Conway base 13 function The Conway base 13 function is a function created by British mathematician John H. Conway as a counterexample to the converse of the intermediate value theorem. In other words, it is a function that satisfies a particular intermediate-value prop ...
–
John H. Conway John Horton Conway (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English people, English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to ...
*
Coolidge effect The Coolidge effect is a biological phenomenon seen in animals, whereby males exhibit renewed sexual interest whenever a new female is introduced, even after sex with prior but still available sexual partners. To a lesser extent, the effect is also ...
– from a joke attributed to John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. *
Cooper pair In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Coope ...
– Leon Cooper *
Cope elimination The Cope reaction or Cope elimination, developed by Arthur C. Cope, is an elimination reaction of the N-oxide to form an alkene and a hydroxylamine. Mechanism and applications The reaction mechanism involves an intramolecular 5-membered cyclic t ...
, rearrangement – Arthur Clay Cope *
Corey–Fuchs reaction The Corey–Fuchs reaction, also known as the Ramirez–Corey–Fuchs reaction, is a series of chemical reactions designed to transform an aldehyde into an alkyne. The formation of the 1,1-dibromoolefins via phosphine-dibromomethylenes was origina ...
–
Elias James Corey Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemistry, organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. ...
and Philip L. Fuchs *
Corey–Kim oxidation The Corey–Kim oxidation is an oxidation reaction used to synthesise aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols. It is named for American chemist and Nobel Laureate Elias James Corey and Korean-American chemist Choung Un Kim. ...
–
Elias James Corey Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemistry, organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. ...
and Choung Un Kim * Corey–Winter olefin synthesis –
Elias James Corey Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemistry, organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. ...
and Roland Arthur Edwin Winter *
Coriolis effect In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial or fictitious force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force acts to the ...
–
Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (; 21 May 1792 – 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference, l ...
*
Cotton effect The Cotton effect in physics, is the characteristic change in optical rotatory dispersion and/or circular dichroism in the vicinity of an absorption band of a substance. In a wavelength region where the light is absorbed, the absolute magnitude o ...
– Aimé Auguste Cotton *
Cotton–Mouton effect In physical optics, the Cotton–Mouton effect is the birefringence in a liquid in the presence of a constant transverse magnetic field. It is a similar but stronger effect than the Voigt effect (in which the medium is a gas instead of a liquid ...
– Aimé Auguste Cotton and
Henri Mouton Henri Mouton September 1869, Cambrai (Nord) – 13 June 1935, Bezons (Val d'Oise)) was a French scientist. He entered the École normale supérieure in 1889. He was a biologist at the Institut Pasteur, then maître de conférences at the Facult ...
* Coulomb constant,
law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...
– Charles Augustin de Coulomb *
Coulter counter A Coulter counter is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes. The Coulter counter is the commercial term for the technique known as resistive pulse sensing or electrical zone sensing, the apparatus is based on ...
,
principle A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a Legal rule, rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, suc ...
– Wallace Henry Coulter *
Coxeter–Dynkin diagram In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (or Coxeter diagram, Coxeter graph) is a graph with numerically labeled edges (called branches) representing the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors (or reflecting hyperplanes). It describe ...
–
Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter Harold Scott MacDonald "Donald" Coxeter, (9 February 1907 – 31 March 2003) was a British and later also Canadian geometer. He is regarded as one of the greatest geometers of the 20th century. Biography Coxeter was born in Kensington t ...
and Eugene Borisovich Dynkin *
Crabtree effect The Crabtree effect, named after the English biochemist Herbert Grace Crabtree, describes the phenomenon whereby the yeast, ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', produces ethanol (alcohol) in aerobic conditions at high external glucose concentrations rath ...
– Herbert Grace Crabtree * Criegee reaction, rearrangement –
Rudolf Criegee Rudolf Criegee (* May 23, 1902 in Düsseldorf; † November 7, 1975 in Karlsruhe) was a German organic chemist. Early life Criegee's family was wealthy. His father worked as a court director. The family was national liberal, Prussian and Prot ...
*
Curie point In physics and materials science, the Curie temperature (''T''C), or Curie point, is the temperature above which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, which can (in most cases) be replaced by induced magnetism. The Cur ...
–
Pierre Curie Pierre Curie ( , ; 15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie, and Henri Becqu ...
*
Curry's paradox Curry's paradox is a paradox in which an arbitrary claim ''F'' is proved from the mere existence of a sentence ''C'' that says of itself "If ''C'', then ''F''", requiring only a few apparently innocuous logical deduction rules. Since ''F'' is arbi ...
–
Haskell Curry Haskell Brooks Curry (; September 12, 1900 – September 1, 1982) was an American mathematician and logician. Curry is best known for his work in combinatory logic. While the initial concept of combinatory logic was based on a single paper by ...
* Curtin–Hammett principle – David Yarrow Curtin and
Louis Plack Hammett Louis Plack Hammett (April 7, 1894 – February 9, 1987) was an American physical chemist. He is known for the Hammett equation, which relates reaction rates to equilibrium constants for certain classes of organic reactions involving sub ...
*
Curtius rearrangement The Curtius rearrangement (or Curtius reaction or Curtius degradation), first defined by Theodor Curtius in 1885, is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate with loss of nitrogen gas. The isocyanate then undergoes attack by a va ...
–
Theodor Curtius ''Geheimrat'' Julius Wilhelm Theodor Curtius (27 May 1857 – 8 February 1928) was professor of Chemistry at Heidelberg University and elsewhere. He published the Curtius rearrangement in 1890/1894 and also discovered diazoacetic acid, hydra ...


D

*
Dakin reaction The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an '' ortho''- or ''para''-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide in base to form a ...
–
Henry Drysdale Dakin Henry Drysdale Dakin FRS (12 March 188010 February 1952) was an English chemist. He was born in London as the youngest of 8 children to a family of steel merchants from Leeds. As a school boy, he conducted water analysis with the Leeds City Ana ...
*
Dakin–West reaction The Dakin–West reaction is a chemical reaction that transforms an amino-acid into a keto-amide using an acid anhydride and a base, typically pyridine. It is named for Henry Drysdale Dakin (1880–1952) and Randolph West (1890–1949). In 2016 Sch ...
–
Henry Drysdale Dakin Henry Drysdale Dakin FRS (12 March 188010 February 1952) was an English chemist. He was born in London as the youngest of 8 children to a family of steel merchants from Leeds. As a school boy, he conducted water analysis with the Leeds City Ana ...
and
Randolph West Randolph may refer to: Places In the United States * Randolph, Alabama, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Arizona, a populated place * Randolph, California, a village merged into the city of Brea * Randolph, Illinois, an unincorporated commun ...
*
Dalton's law Dalton's law (also called Dalton's law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This empirical law was observed by Jo ...
(of partial pressures) –
John Dalton John Dalton (; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, which he had. Colour b ...
*
Damerau–Levenshtein distance In information theory and computer science, the Damerau–Levenshtein distance (named after Frederick J. Damerau and Vladimir I. Levenshtein.) is a string metric for measuring the edit distance between two sequences. Informally, the Damerau–Leve ...
– Frederick J. Damerau and
Vladimir Levenshtein Vladimir Iosifovich Levenshtein ( rus, Влади́мир Ио́сифович Левенште́йн, p=vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɨˈosʲɪfəvʲɪtɕ lʲɪvʲɪnˈʂtʲejn, a=Ru-Vladimir Iosifovich Levenstein.oga; 20 May 1935 – 6 September 2017) was a ...
*
Darboux function In mathematics, Darboux's theorem is a theorem in real analysis, named after Jean Gaston Darboux. It states that every function that results from the differentiation of another function has the intermediate value property: the image of an interv ...
–
Jean Gaston Darboux Jean-Gaston Darboux FAS MIF FRS FRSE (14 August 1842 – 23 February 1917) was a French mathematician. Life According this birth certificate he was born in Nîmes in France on 14 August 1842, at 1 am. However, probably due to the midni ...
*
Darcy's law Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium. The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on results of experiments on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of ...
–
Henry Darcy Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (, 10 June 1803 – 3 January 1858) was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics, including Darcy’s law for flow in porous media. Early life Darcy was born in Dijon, France, on J ...
*
Darlington pair In electronics, a multi-transistor configuration called the Darlington configuration (commonly called a Darlington pair) is a circuit consisting of two bipolar transistors with the emitter of one transistor connected to the base of the other, su ...
–
Sidney Darlington Sidney Darlington (July 18, 1906 – October 31, 1997) was an American electrical engineer and inventor of a transistor configuration in 1953, the Darlington pair. He advanced the state of network theory, developing the insertion-loss synth ...
*
Darwin drift In fluid dynamics, Darwin drift refers to the phenomenon that a fluid parcel is permanently displaced after the passage of a body through a fluid – the fluid being at rest far away from the body. Consider a plane of fluid parcels perpendicular ...
–
Charles Galton Darwin Sir Charles Galton Darwin (19 December 1887 – 31 December 1962) was an English physicist who served as director of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) during the Second World War. He was a son of the mathematician George Howard Darwin an ...
* Darwin point,
Darwinism Darwinism is a scientific theory, theory of Biology, biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of smal ...
–
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...
* Darzens condensation –
Auguste Georges Darzens Auguste Georges Darzens (12 July 1867 in Moscow, Russia – 10 September 1954) was a Russian-born French organic chemist. Biography From 1886 he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris under Louis Édouard Grimaux. In 1895 he received ...
*
Davies–Bouldin index The Davies–Bouldin index (DBI), introduced by David L. Davies and Donald W. Bouldin in 1979, is a metric for evaluating clustering algorithms. This is an internal evaluation scheme, where the validation of how well the clustering has been d ...
(DBI) – David L. Davies and Donald W. Bouldin *
de Broglie wavelength Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being an example of wave–particle duality. All matter exhibits wave-like behavior. For example, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like a beam of light or a water wave ...
–
Louis de Broglie Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie (, also , or ; 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987) was a French physicist and aristocrat who made groundbreaking contributions to Old quantum theory, quantum theory. In his 1924 PhD thesis, he pos ...
*
de Bruijn sequence In combinatorial mathematics, a de Bruijn sequence of order ''n'' on a size-''k'' alphabet ''A'' is a cyclic sequence in which every possible length-''n'' string on ''A'' occurs exactly once as a substring (i.e., as a ''contiguous'' subseq ...
s –
Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn Nicolaas Govert (Dick) de Bruijn (; 9 July 1918 – 17 February 2012) was a Dutch mathematician, noted for his many contributions in the fields of analysis, number theory, combinatorics and logic.
* de Haas–van Alphen effect –
Wander Johannes de Haas Wander Johannes de Haas (2 March 1878 – 26 April 1960) was a Dutch physicist and mathematician. He is best known for the Shubnikov–de Haas effect, the De Haas–Van Alphen effect and the Einstein–de Haas effect. Personal life Wander de H ...
and Pieter M. van Alphen * de Haas–Shubnikov effect – see
Shubnikov–de Haas effect An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields, the Shubnikov–de Haas effect (SdH) is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter ...
, below *
Deborah number The Deborah number (De) is a dimensionless number, often used in rheology to characterize the fluidity of materials under specific flow conditions. It quantifies the observation that given enough time even a solid-like material might flow, or a flui ...
– the prophetess
Deborah According to the Book of Judges, Deborah ( he, דְּבוֹרָה, ''Dəḇōrā'', "bee") was a prophetess of the God of the Israelites, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel and the only female judge mentioned in the Bible. Many scholars ...
(Bible, Judges 5:5) *
Debye model In thermodynamics and solid-state physics, the Debye model is a method developed by Peter Debye in 1912 for estimating the phonon contribution to the specific heat (Heat capacity) in a solid. It treats the vibrations of the atomic lattice (hea ...
– Peter Joseph William Debye * Debye–Falkenhagen effect – Peter Joseph William Debye and Hans Falkenhagen *
Richard Dedekind Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (6 October 1831 – 12 February 1916) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to number theory, abstract algebra (particularly ring theory), and the axiomatic foundations of arithmetic. His ...
has many topics named after him; see biography article. *
Delbrück scattering Delbrück scattering, the deflection of high-energy photons in the Coulomb field of nuclei as a consequence of vacuum polarization, was observed in 1975. The related process of the scattering of light by light, also a consequence of vacuum polariz ...
– Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück *
Delépine reaction The Delépine reaction is the organic synthesis of primary amines (4) by reaction of benzyl or alkyl halides (1) with hexamethylenetetramine (2) followed by acid hydrolysis of the quaternary ammonium salt (3). It is named after the French chemist S ...
– Stéphane Marcel Delépine *
Dellinger effect A sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) is any one of several ionospheric perturbations, resulting from abnormally high ionization/ plasma density in the D region of the ionosphere and caused by a solar flare and/or solar particle event (SPE). The ...
(a.k.a. Mögel–Dellinger effect) – John Howard Dellinger (and Hans Mögel) * Demjanov rearrangement – Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanov * Dermott's law – Stanley Dermott * Dess–Martin oxidation – Daniel Benjamin Dess and
James Cullen Martin James Cullen Martin (January 14, 1928 – April 20, 1999) was an American chemist. Known in the field as "J.C.", he specialized in physical organic chemistry with an emphasis on main group element chemistry. Martin received his undergradua ...
* DeVries solar cycle – See Suess solar cycle, below * Dice's coefficient – Lee Raymond Dice *
Dieckmann condensation The Dieckmann condensation is the intramolecular chemical reaction of diesters with base to give β-keto esters. It is named after the German chemist Walter Dieckmann (1869–1925). The equivalent intermolecular reaction is the Claisen condensat ...
–
Walter Dieckmann Walter Dieckmann (8 October 1869 – 12 January 1925) was a German chemist. He is the namesake of the Dieckmann condensation, the intramolecular reaction of diesters with base to give β-keto esters. Dieckmann studied at the University of Muni ...
* Diels–Alder reaction –
Otto Paul Hermann Diels Otto Paul Hermann Diels (; 23 January 1876 – 7 March 1954) was a German chemist. His most notable work was done with Kurt Alder on the Diels–Alder reaction, a method for diene synthesis. The pair was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistr ...
and
Kurt Alder Kurt Alder (; 10 July 1902 – 20 June 1958) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate. Biography Alder was born in the industrial area of Königshütte, Silesia (modern day Chorzów, Upper Silesia, Poland), where he received his early schoo ...
* Diophantine equation –
Diophantus of Alexandria Diophantus of Alexandria ( grc, Διόφαντος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; born probably sometime between AD 200 and 214; died around the age of 84, probably sometime between AD 284 and 298) was an Alexandrian mathematician, who was the aut ...
*
Dirac comb In mathematics, a Dirac comb (also known as shah function, impulse train or sampling function) is a periodic function with the formula \operatorname_(t) \ := \sum_^ \delta(t - k T) for some given period T. Here ''t'' is a real variable and th ...
,
fermion In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Generally, it has a half-odd-integer spin: spin , spin , etc. In addition, these particles obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Fermions include all quarks an ...
,
spinor In geometry and physics, spinors are elements of a complex vector space that can be associated with Euclidean space. Like geometric vectors and more general tensors, spinors transform linearly when the Euclidean space is subjected to a sligh ...
,
equation In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word ''equation'' and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in ...
,
delta function In mathematics, the Dirac delta distribution ( distribution), also known as the unit impulse, is a generalized function or distribution over the real numbers, whose value is zero everywhere except at zero, and whose integral over the entire ...
,
measure Measure may refer to: * Measurement, the assignment of a number to a characteristic of an object or event Law * Ballot measure, proposed legislation in the United States * Church of England Measure, legislation of the Church of England * Mea ...
–
Paul Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (; 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the Univer ...
*
Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (; 13 February 1805 – 5 May 1859) was a German mathematician who made deep contributions to number theory (including creating the field of analytic number theory), and to the theory of Fourier series and ...
has dozens of formulas named after him, see
List of things named after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet The German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859) is the eponym of many things. Mathematics * Theorems named ''Dirichlet's theorem'': ** Dirichlet's approximation theorem (diophantine approximation) **Dirichlet's theorem ...
* Divisia index – François Divisia * Doebner–Miller reaction – Oscar Döbner (Doebner) and Wilhelm von Miller *
Dollo's law Dollo's law of irreversibility (also known as Dollo's law and Dollo's principle), proposed in 1893 by Belgian paleontologist Louis Dollo states that, "an organism never returns exactly to a former state, even if it finds itself placed in condition ...
–
Louis Dollo Louis Antoine Marie Joseph Dollo (Lille, 7 December 1857 – Brussels, 19 April 1931) was a Belgian palaeontologist, known for his work on dinosaurs. He also posited that evolution is not reversible, known as Dollo's law. Together with the Austria ...
*
Donnan effect Donnan can refer to: *Donnan (surname) * Donnan, Iowa, a community in the United States * Donnán of Eigg, Gaelic priest of the 7th century * Donnan equilibrium ** Donnan potential Donnan potential is the difference in the Galvani potentials whic ...
(a.k.a.
Gibbs–Donnan effect The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly ...
) – see
Gibbs–Donnan effect The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly ...
, below * Doppler effect (a.k.a. Doppler–Fizeau effect), Doppler profile –
Christian Doppler Christian Andreas Doppler ( (); 29 November 1803 – 17 March 1853) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist. He is celebrated for his principle – known as the Doppler effect – that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative ...
(and
Hippolyte Fizeau Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau FRS FRSE MIF (; 23 September 181918 September 1896) was a French physicist, best known for measuring the speed of light in the namesake Fizeau experiment. Biography Fizeau was born in Paris to Louis and Beatrice Fi ...
) * Downs–Thomson paradox –
Anthony Downs Anthony Downs (November 21, 1930October 2, 2021) was an American economist specializing in public policy and public administration. His research focuses included political choice theory, rent control, affordable housing, and transportation ec ...
and John Michael Thomson *
Drake equation The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy. The equation was formulated in 1961 by Frank Drake, not for purposes of quantifying ...
(a.k.a. Sagan equation, Green Bank equation) –
Frank Drake Frank Donald Drake (May 28, 1930 – September 2, 2022) was an American astrophysicist and astrobiologist. He began his career as a radio astronomer, studying the planets of the Solar System and later pulsars. Drake expanded his interests ...
(or
Carl Sagan Carl Edward Sagan (; ; November 9, 1934December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on ext ...
or
Green Bank, West Virginia Green Bank is a census-designated place in Pocahontas County in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands inside the Allegheny Mountain Range. Green Bank is located along WV 28. Green Bank is home to the Green Bank Observatory and is also close to the S ...
, home to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)) * Droste effect – Dutch chocolate maker Droste * Drude model –
Paul Drude Paul Karl Ludwig Drude (; 12 July 1863 – 5 July 1906) was a German physicist specializing in optics. He wrote a fundamental textbook integrating optics with Maxwell's theories of electromagnetism. Education Born into an ethnic German family, D ...
*
Duff's device In the C programming language, Duff's device is a way of manually implementing loop unrolling by interleaving two syntactic constructs of C: the - loop and a switch statement. Its discovery is credited to Tom Duff in November 1983, when Duff was ...
–
Tom Duff Tom or TOM may refer to: * Tom (given name), a diminutive of Thomas or Tomás or an independent Aramaic given name (and a list of people with the name) Characters * Tom Anderson, a character in '' Beavis and Butt-Head'' * Tom Beck, a character ...
*
Duffing equation The Duffing equation (or Duffing oscillator), named after Georg Duffing (1861–1944), is a non-linear second-order differential equation used to model certain damped and driven oscillators. The equation is given by :\ddot + \delta \dot + \ ...
,
map A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes. Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. Although ...
– Georg Duffing *
Duhamel's integral In theory of vibrations, Duhamel's integral is a way of calculating the response of linear systems and structures to arbitrary time-varying external perturbation. Introduction Background The response of a linear, viscously damped single-degree of ...
, and
principle A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a Legal rule, rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, suc ...
– Jean-Marie Constant Duhamel *
Dulong–Petit law The Dulong–Petit law, a thermodynamic law proposed by French physicists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit, states that the classical expression for the molar specific heat capacity of certain chemical elements is constant for tempe ...
–
Pierre Louis Dulong Pierre Louis Dulong FRS FRSE (; ; 12 February 1785 – 19 July 1838) was a French physicist and chemist. He is remembered today largely for the law of Dulong and Petit, although he was much-lauded by his contemporaries for his studies into ...
and
Alexis Thérèse Petit Alexis Thérèse Petit (; 2 October 1791, Vesoul, Haute-Saône – 21 June 1820, Paris) was a French physicist. Petit is known for his work on the efficiencies of air- and steam-engines, published in 1818 (''Mémoire sur l’emploi du principe ...
* Dunitz angle – see
Bürgi–Dunitz angle The Bürgi–Dunitz angle (BD angle) is one of two angles that fully define the geometry of "attack" (approach via collision) of a nucleophile on a trigonal unsaturated center in a molecule, originally the carbonyl center in an organic ketone, ...
, above *
Dunning–Kruger effect The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with low ability, expertise, or experience regarding a certain type of task or area of knowledge tend to overestimate their ability or knowledge. Some researchers also include in th ...
–
David Dunning David Alan Dunning is an American social psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. He is a retired professor of psychology at Cornell University. Education He received his BA from Michigan State University in 1982 ...
and
Justin Kruger Justin S. Kruger is an American social psychologist and professor at New York University Stern School of Business. Education Kruger received his BS in Psychology from Santa Clara University in 1993 (spending his junior year at Durham Univers ...
*
Dyson–Harrop satellite A Dyson–Harrop satellite is a hypothetical megastructure intended for power generation using the solar wind. It is inspired by the Dyson sphere A Dyson sphere is a hypothetical megastructure that completely encompasses a star and captures a ...
– Brooks L. Harrop and
Freeman Dyson Freeman John Dyson (15 December 1923 – 28 February 2020) was an English-American theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his works in quantum field theory, astrophysics, random matrices, mathematical formulation of quantum m ...


E

*
Early effect The Early effect, named after its discoverer James M. Early, is the variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) due to a variation in the applied base-to-collector voltage. A greater reverse bias across ...
– James M. Early *
Eddington limit The Eddington luminosity, also referred to as the Eddington limit, is the maximum luminosity a body (such as a star) can achieve when there is balance between the force of radiation acting outward and the gravitational force acting inward. The stat ...
– Arthur Eddington * Edgeworth–Bowley box –
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth Francis Ysidro Edgeworth (8 February 1845 – 13 February 1926) was an Anglo-Irish philosopher and political economist who made significant contributions to the methods of statistics during the 1880s. From 1891 onward, he was appointed th ...
and
Arthur Lyon Bowley Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley, FBA (6 November 1869 – 21 January 1957) was an English statistician and economist who worked on economic statistics and pioneered the use of sampling techniques in social surveys. Early life Bowley's father, James Wil ...
*
Edison effect Thermionic emission is the liberation of electrons from an electrode by virtue of its temperature (releasing of energy supplied by heat). This occurs because the thermal energy given to the charge carrier overcomes the work function of the mate ...
–
Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventio ...
*
Edman degradation Edman degradation, developed by Pehr Edman, is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide. In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residu ...
– Pehr Victor Edman * Edward–Lemieux effect (a.k.a.
Anomeric effect In organic chemistry, the anomeric effect or Edward-Lemieux effect is a stereoelectronic effect that describes the tendency of heteroatomic substituents adjacent to a heteroatom within a cyclohexane ring to prefer the ''axial'' orientation instea ...
) – John Thomas Edward and Raymond U. Lemieux *
Eglinton reaction The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far the oldest acetylenic coupling and is based on cuprous salts like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like oxygen. The base in its original scope is amm ...
– Geoffrey Eglinton *
Ehrenfest paradox The Ehrenfest paradox concerns the rotation of a "rigid" disc in the theory of relativity. In its original 1909 formulation as presented by Paul Ehrenfest in relation to the concept of Born rigidity within special relativity, it discusses an idea ...
–
Paul Ehrenfest Paul Ehrenfest (18 January 1880 – 25 September 1933) was an Austrian theoretical physicist, who made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase transition a ...
*
Eimer's organ Eimer's organs are sensory organs in which the epidermis is modified to form bulbous papillae. First isolated by Theodor Eimer from the European mole in 1871, these organs are present in many moles, and are particularly common in the star-nosed m ...
– Gustav Heinrich Theodor Eimer * Einstein Cross,
effect Effect may refer to: * A result or change of something ** List of effects ** Cause and effect, an idiom describing causality Pharmacy and pharmacology * Drug effect, a change resulting from the administration of a drug ** Therapeutic effect, a ...
,
radius In classical geometry, a radius ( : radii) of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length. The name comes from the latin ''radius'', meaning ray but also the ...
,
ring Ring may refer to: * Ring (jewellery), a round band, usually made of metal, worn as ornamental jewelry * To make a sound with a bell, and the sound made by a bell :(hence) to initiate a telephone connection Arts, entertainment and media Film and ...
, shift –
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
* Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring –
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
and
Orest Khvolson Orest Danilovich Khvolson or Chwolson (russian: Орест Данилович Хвольсон) (November 22 ( N.S. December 4), 1852 – May 11, 1934) was a Russian physicist and honorary member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1920). He ...
*
Einstein–de Haas effect The Einstein–de Haas effect is a physical phenomenon in which a change in the magnetic moment of a free body causes this body to rotate. The effect is a consequence of the conservation of angular momentum. It is strong enough to be observable in ...
–
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
and
Wander Johannes de Haas Wander Johannes de Haas (2 March 1878 – 26 April 1960) was a Dutch physicist and mathematician. He is best known for the Shubnikov–de Haas effect, the De Haas–Van Alphen effect and the Einstein–de Haas effect. Personal life Wander de H ...
*
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox is a thought experiment proposed by physicists Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, with which they argued that the description of physical reality provided by quantum mechanics was inco ...
(a.k.a.
EPR paradox EPR may refer to: Science and technology * EPR (nuclear reactor), European Pressurised-Water Reactor * EPR paradox (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox), in physics * Earth potential rise, in electrical engineering * East Pacific Rise, a mid-oc ...
, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm paradox) –
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
,
Boris Podolsky Boris Yakovlevich Podolsky (russian: link=no, Бори́с Я́ковлевич Подо́льский; June 29, 1896 – November 28, 1966) was a Russian-American physicist of Jewish descent, noted for his work with Albert Einstein and Nathan ...
,
Nathan Rosen Nathan Rosen (Hebrew: נתן רוזן; March 22, 1909 – December 18, 1995) was an American-Israeli physicist noted for his study on the structure of the hydrogen atom and his work with Albert Einstein and Boris Podolsky on entangled wave functio ...
(and
David Bohm David Joseph Bohm (; 20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992) was an American-Brazilian-British scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th centuryPeat 1997, pp. 316-317 and who contributed ...
) *
Ekman layer The Ekman layer is the layer in a fluid where there is a force balance between pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and turbulent drag. It was first described by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Ekman layers occur both in the atmosphere and in the ocean ...
– Walfrid Ekman * Elbs reaction –
Karl Elbs Karl Elbs (13 September 1858 in Alt-Breisach, Baden, Germany – 24 August 1933) was a German chemist. He is credited with developing the Elbs reaction for the synthesis of anthracene. He is also responsible for the Elbs persulfate oxidation. Fr ...
*
Elliott–Halberstam conjecture In number theory, the Elliott–Halberstam conjecture is a conjecture about the distribution of prime numbers in arithmetic progressions. It has many applications in sieve theory. It is named for Peter D. T. A. Elliott and Heini Halberstam, who st ...
– Peter D. T. A. Elliott and
Heini Halberstam Heini Halberstam (11 September 1926 oreen Halberstam, wife/ref> – 25 January 2014) was a Czech-born British mathematician, working in the field of analytic number theory. He is remembered in part for the Elliott–Halberstam conjecture from 1 ...
* Elman network –
Jeff Elman Jeffrey Locke Elman (January 22, 1948 – June 28, 2018) was an American psycholinguist and professor of cognitive science at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He specialized in the field of neural networks. In 1990, he introduced ...
*
Elsasser number The Elsasser number, Λ, is a dimensionless number in magnetohydrodynamics that represents the ratio of magnetic forces to the Coriolis force. \Lambda = \frac where σ is the conductivity of the fluid, ''B'' is the magnetic field A magnetic ...
– Walter M. Elsasser *
Engel curve In microeconomics, an Engel curve describes how household expenditure on a particular good or service varies with household income. There are two varieties of Engel curves. Budget share Engel curves describe how the proportion of household income s ...
–
Ernst Engel Ernst Engel (; ; 26 March 18218 December 1896) was a German statistician and economist, famous for the Engel curve and Engel's law. Biography Ernst was born in Dresden in 1821. He studied at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in Ki ...
* Engelbart's law –
Douglas Engelbart Douglas Carl Engelbart (January 30, 1925 – July 2, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor, and an early computer and Internet pioneer. He is best known for his work on founding the field of human–computer interaction, particularly ...
*
Epimenides paradox The Epimenides paradox reveals a problem with self-reference in logic. It is named after the Cretan philosopher Epimenides of Knossos (alive circa 600 BC) who is credited with the original statement. A typical description of the problem is giv ...
– Epimenides of Knossos *
Erlenmeyer flask An Erlenmeyer flask, also known as a conical flask (British English) or a titration flask, is a type of laboratory flask which features a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck. It is named after the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer ...
,
rule Rule or ruling may refer to: Education * Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE), a university in Cambodia Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule perta ...
, synthesis –
Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (28 June 182522 January 1909), known simply as Emil Erlenmeyer, was a German chemist known for contributing to the early development of the theory of structure, formulating the Erlenmeyer rule, and designing ...
* Eschenmoser fragmentation –
Albert Eschenmoser Albert Jakob Eschenmoser (born 5 August 1925) is a Swiss organic chemist, best known for his work on the synthesis of complex heterocyclic natural compounds, most notably vitamin B12. In addition to his significant contributions to the field of ...
*
Eschweiler–Clarke reaction The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. Reductive amination reactions such as this on ...
– Wilhelm Eschweiler and Hans Thacher Clarke * Eshelby's inclusion – John D. Eshelby * Étard reaction – Alexandre Léon Étard *
Ettingshausen effect The Ettingshausen effect (named for Albert von Ettingshausen) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon that affects the electric current in a conductor when a magnetic field is present. Ettingshausen and his PhD student Walther Nernst w ...
–
Albert von Ettingshausen Albert von Ettingshausen (30 March 1850 – 9 June 1932) was an Austrian physicist. He was professor of physics at Graz University of Technology, where he also taught electrical engineering. Earlier he was an assistant to Ludwig Boltzmann at the U ...
* Euler this and that (numerous entries) –
Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler ( , ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in ma ...
* Evershed effect –
John Evershed John Evershed CIE FRS FRAS (26 February 1864 – 17 November 1956) was an English astronomer. He was the first to observe radial motions in sunspots, a phenomenon now known as the Evershed effect. Biography Evershed was born in Gomshall ...


F

*
Faà di Bruno's formula Faà di Bruno's formula is an identity in mathematics generalizing the chain rule to higher derivatives. It is named after , although he was not the first to state or prove the formula. In 1800, more than 50 years before Faà di Bruno, the French ...
–
Francesco Faà di Bruno Francesco Faà di Bruno (7 March 1825 – 25 March 1888) was an Italian priest and advocate of the poor, a leading mathematician of his era and a noted religious musician. In 1988 he was beatified by Pope John Paul II.See the Vatican News Servic ...
*
Faraday constant In physical chemistry, the Faraday constant, denoted by the symbol and sometimes stylized as ℱ, is the electric charge per mole of elementary charges. It is named after the English scientist Michael Faraday. Since the 2019 redefinition of S ...
,
effect Effect may refer to: * A result or change of something ** List of effects ** Cause and effect, an idiom describing causality Pharmacy and pharmacology * Drug effect, a change resulting from the administration of a drug ** Therapeutic effect, a ...
, Faraday's law of induction,
Faraday's law of electrolysis Faraday's laws of electrolysis are quantitative relationships based on the electrochemical research published by Michael Faraday in 1833. First law Michael Faraday reported that the mass (m) of elements deposited at an electrode is directly prop ...
–
Michael Faraday Michael Faraday (; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic inducti ...
* Farnsworth–Hirsch fusor –
Philo T. Farnsworth Philo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor and television pioneer. He made many crucial contributions to the early development of all-electronic television. He is best known for his 1927 invention of t ...
and Robert L. Hirsch *
Favorskii reaction The Favorskii reaction is an organic chemistry reaction between an alkyne and a carbonyl group, under base (chemistry), basic conditions. The reaction was discovered in the early 1900s by the Russian chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii. When ...
, rearrangement –
Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii Alexey Yevgrafovich Favorsky (russian: Алексе́й Евгра́фович Фаво́рский; – 8 August 1945), was a Russian and Soviet chemist. Hero of Socialist Labour (1945). Life Favorsky studied chemistry at the imperial Saint Pet ...
* Fenton reaction – Henry John Horstman Fenton *
Fermat's principle Fermat's principle, also known as the principle of least time, is the link between ray optics and wave optics. In its original "strong" form, Fermat's principle states that the path taken by a ray between two given points is the pat ...
–
Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (; between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he ...
*
Fermi energy The Fermi energy is a concept in quantum mechanics usually referring to the energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied single-particle states in a quantum system of non-interacting fermions at absolute zero temperature. In a Fermi ga ...
,
paradox A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically u ...
,
surface A surface, as the term is most generally used, is the outermost or uppermost layer of a physical object or space. It is the portion or region of the object that can first be perceived by an observer using the senses of sight and touch, and is ...
,
Fermion In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Generally, it has a half-odd-integer spin: spin , spin , etc. In addition, these particles obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Fermions include all quarks an ...
–
Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and ...
* Fermi–Dirac statistics –
Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and ...
and
Paul Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (; 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the Univer ...
*
Ferrel cell Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth. The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, bu ...
–
William Ferrel William Ferrel (January 29, 1817 – September 18, 1891) was an American meteorologist who developed theories that explained the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation cell in detail, and it is after him that the Ferrel cell is named. Biograph ...
*
Ferrers diagram In number theory and combinatorics, a partition of a positive integer , also called an integer partition, is a way of writing as a sum of positive integers. Two sums that differ only in the order of their summands are considered the same part ...
(a.k.a.
Young diagram In mathematics, a Young tableau (; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups ...
, Ferrers graph) –
Norman Macleod Ferrers Norman Macleod Ferrers D.D. (11 August 1829 – 31 January 1903) was a British mathematician and university administrator and editor of a mathematical journal. Career and research Ferrers was educated at Eton College before studying at Gonvill ...
*
Feshbach resonance In physics, a Feshbach resonance can occur upon collision of two slow atoms, when they temporarily stick together forming an unstable compound with short lifetime (so-called resonance). It is a feature of many-body systems in which a bound state i ...
–
Herman Feshbach Herman Feshbach (February 2, 1917, in New York City – 22 December 2000, in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American physicist. He was an Institute Professor Emeritus of physics at MIT. Feshbach is best known for Feshbach resonance and for wr ...
*
Feynman diagram In theoretical physics, a Feynman diagram is a pictorial representation of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior and interaction of subatomic particles. The scheme is named after American physicist Richard Feynman, who introduc ...
–
Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman (; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superflu ...
*
Finkelstein reaction The Finkelstein reaction named after the German chemist Hans Finkelstein, is an SN2 reaction (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular reaction) that involves the exchange of one halogen atom for another. It is an equilibrium reaction, but the react ...
–
Hans Finkelstein Hans Finkelstein (17 May 1885, Leipzig, Germany - December 1938) was a German chemist. He is particularly known for the Finkelstein reaction developed by and named after him. Biography Hans Finkelstein came from a liberal Jewish family and joi ...
* Fischer esterification, indole synthesis – Emil Hermann Fischer * Fischer–Hafner reaction –
Ernst Otto Fischer Ernst Otto Fischer (; 10 November 1918 – 23 July 2007) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in the area of organometallic chemistry. Early life He was born in Solln, a borough of Munich. His parents were Karl T. Fi ...
and Walter Hafner *
Fischer–Tropsch process The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatu ...
–
Franz Joseph Emil Fischer Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (19 March 1877 in Freiburg im Breisgau – 1 December 1947 in Munich) was a German chemist. He was the founder and first director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research. He is known for the discovery of ...
and Hans Tropsch * Fischer–Hepp rearrangement – Otto Philipp Fischer and Eduard Hepp * Fisher distribution – Ronald A. Fisher * Fisher equation –
Irving Fisher Irving Fisher (February 27, 1867 – April 29, 1947) was an American economist, statistician, inventor, eugenicist and progressive social campaigner. He was one of the earliest American neoclassical economists, though his later work on debt def ...
*
Fitts's law Fitts's law (often cited as Fitts' law) is a predictive model of human movement primarily used in human–computer interaction and ergonomics. The law predicts that the time required to rapidly move to a target area is a function of the ratio betw ...
– Paul M. Fitts * Flesch–Kincaid readability test – Rudolf F. Flesch and
J. Peter Kincaid J. Peter Kincaid (born 1942) is a scientist and educator who is the founding director of the Modeling and Simulation Ph.D. program at the University of Central Florida. Trained as a human factors psychologist at the Ohio State University, Kincaid h ...
*
Fletcher–Munson curves An equal-loudness contour is a measure of sound pressure level, over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones. The unit of measurement for loudness levels is the phon and i ...
–
Harvey Fletcher Harvey Fletcher (September 11, 1884 – July 23, 1981) was an American physicist. Known as the "father of stereophonic sound", he is credited with the invention of the 2-A audiometer and an early electronic hearing aid. He was an investigator i ...
and Wilden A. Munson *
Flynn effect The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century. When intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are initially standa ...
– Jim Flynn *
Forbush effect A Forbush decrease is a rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following a coronal mass ejection (CME). It occurs due to the magnetic field of the plasma solar wind sweeping some of the galactic cosmic rays away from Earth. ...
– Scott Ellsworth Forbush *
Forer effect The Barnum effect, also called the Forer effect or, less commonly, the Barnum–Forer effect, is a common psychological phenomenon whereby individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored ...
(a.k.a. Barnum effect) – Bertram R. Forer (and
Phineas Taylor Barnum Phineas Taylor Barnum (; July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, businessman, and politician, remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus (1871–2017) with James Anthony Bailey. He was ...
) *
Foucault pendulum The Foucault pendulum or Foucault's pendulum is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault, conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation. A long and heavy pendulum suspended from the high roof above a circular ...
– Jean Bernard Léon Foucault * Fourier number –
Joseph Fourier Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (; ; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French people, French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier an ...
*
Fourier series A Fourier series () is a summation of harmonically related sinusoidal functions, also known as components or harmonics. The result of the summation is a periodic function whose functional form is determined by the choices of cycle length (or ''p ...
–
Joseph Fourier Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (; ; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French people, French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier an ...
*
Fourier–Motzkin elimination Fourier–Motzkin elimination, also known as the FME method, is a mathematical algorithm for eliminating variables from a system of linear inequalities. It can output real solutions. The algorithm is named after Joseph Fourier who proposed the me ...
–
Joseph Fourier Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (; ; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French people, French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier an ...
and
Theodore Motzkin Theodore Samuel Motzkin (26 March 1908 – 15 December 1970) was an Israeli-American mathematician. Biography Motzkin's father Leo Motzkin, a Ukrainian Jew, went to Berlin at the age of thirteen to study mathematics. He pursued university studi ...
*
Franck–Condon principle The Franck–Condon principle (named for James Franck and Edward Condon) is a rule in spectroscopy and quantum chemistry that explains the intensity of vibronic transitions (the simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational energy levels o ...
– James Franck and Edward Uhler Condon * Franssen effect – Nico Franssen * Franz–Keldysh effect – Walter Franz and Leonid V. Keldysh * Fraunhofer diffraction, Fraunhofer lines, lines – Joseph von Fraunhofer * Freeman law – Ken Freeman (astronomer), Ken Freeman * Fresnel zone – Augustin Fresnel * Frey effect – Allan H. Frey * Friedel oscillations – Jacques Friedel * Friedel–Crafts reaction – Charles Friedel and James Mason Crafts * Friedländer synthesis – Paul Friedlaender (chemist), Paul Friedländer * Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric, Robertson–Walker metric) – Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard P. Robertson and Arthur Geoffrey Walker * Fries rearrangement, Fries and photo-Fries rearrangement – Karl Theophil Fries * Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement – Paul Ernst Moritz Fritsch, Wilhelm Paul Buttenberg, and Heinrich G. Wiechell * Frobenius algebra, Frobenius automorphism, automorphism, Frobenius method, method, Frobenius norm, norm, Frobenius theorem (differential topology), theorem – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius * Froude number – William Froude * Fry readability formula – Edward Fry * Fujita scale (a.k.a. F-Scale, Fujita–Pearson scale) – Tetsuya Theodore Fujita (and Allen Pearson) * Fujiwhara effect – Sakuhei Fujiwhara


G

* Gabriel synthesis – Siegmund Gabriel * Gardner transition – Elizabeth Gardner (physicist), Elizabeth Gardner * Garman limit – Elspeth Garman * Gattermann reaction – Ludwig Gattermann * Gattermann–Koch reaction – Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch * Gaunt factor (or Kramers–Gaunt factor) – John Arthur Gaunt (and Hendrik Anthony Kramers) * Gause's principle – Georgii Gause * Gauss's law – Carl Friedrich Gauss * Gauss–Bonnet gravity, Gauss–Bonnet theorem, theorem – Carl Friedrich Gauss and Pierre Ossian Bonnet * Geib–Spevack process (a.k.a. Girdler sulfide (GS) process) – Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack (and the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process) * Geiger counter (a.k.a. Geiger–Müller counter) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger (and Walther Müller) * Geiger–Marsden experiment (a.k.a. Rutherford experiment) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Ernest Marsden * Geiger–Müller tube – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Walther Müller * Geiger–Nuttall law/rule – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall * Geissler tube – Heinrich Geissler * Gibbs entropy, Gibbs free energy, free energy, Gibbs paradox, paradox, Gibbs's phase rule, Gibbs phenomenon – Josiah Willard Gibbs *
Gibbs–Donnan effect The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly ...
(a.k.a.
Donnan effect Donnan can refer to: *Donnan (surname) * Donnan, Iowa, a community in the United States * Donnán of Eigg, Gaelic priest of the 7th century * Donnan equilibrium ** Donnan potential Donnan potential is the difference in the Galvani potentials whic ...
) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Frederick G. Donnan * Gibbs–Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Marangoni effect) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Carlo Marangoni * Gibbs–Helmholtz equation – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz * Gibbs–Thomson effect – Josiah Willard Gibbs and three Thomsons: James Thomson (engineer), James Thomson, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, J. J. Thomson, Joseph John "J. J." Thomson * Giffen good – Robert Giffen * Gleissberg solar cycle – Wolfgang Gleißberg * Gloger's rule – Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger * Goldbach's conjecture – Christian Goldbach * Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Nambu–Goldstone boson) – see Nambu–Goldstone boson, below * Gomberg–Bachmann reaction – Moses Gomberg and Werner Emmanuel Bachmann * Goodhart's law – Charles Goodhart * Goos–Hänchen effect or shift – Fritz Goos and Hilda Hänchen * Gould Belt – Benjamin Gould * Grashof number – Franz Grashof * Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit, Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin cut-off/limit (a.k.a. GZK cutoff/limit) – Kenneth Greisen, Georgiy Zatsepin and Vadim Kuzmin (physicist), Vadim Kuzmin * Gresham's law – Thomas Gresham * Griess test (diazotization reaction) – Peter Griess, Johann Peter Griess * Grignard reaction – François Auguste Victor Grignard * Grob fragmentation – Cyril A. Grob * Gromov–Witten invariant – Mikhail Gromov (mathematician), Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten * Grosch's law – Herbert Reuben John Grosch * Grotrian diagram – Walter Robert Wilhelm Grotrian * Grotthuss mechanism, Grotthuss chain – Theodor Grotthuss, Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss * Grotthuss–Draper law – Theodor Grotthuss, Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss and John William Draper * Gunn diode, Gunn effect, effect – J. B. Gunn, John Battiscombe "J. B." Gunn * Gunning fog index – Robert Gunning * Gustafson's law, a.k.a. Gustafson–Barsis's law – John L. Gustafson (and Edward H. Barsis) * Gutenberg–Richter law – Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter


H

* Haar measure – Alfréd Haar * Hadamard inequality – Jacques Solomon Hadamard * Hadamard transform (a.k.a. Hadamard–Rademacher–Walsh transform) – Jacques Hadamard, Hans Rademacher, and Joseph L. Walsh * Hadley cell – George Hadley * Hagedorn temperature – Rolf Hagedorn * Haitz's law – Roland Haitz * Haldane effect – John Scott Haldane * Haldane's principle – John Burdon Sanderson Haldane * Hale solar cycle – George Ellery Hale * Hall effect – Edwin Hall * Hamilton's rule – William Donald Hamilton, William Donald "Bill" Hamilton * Hamming code, Hamming distance, Hamming weight – Richard Hamming * Hammond postulate – George Simms Hammond * Hanle effect – Wilhelm Hanle * Hardy notation, Hardy space, space – Godfrey Harold Hardy * Hardy–Littlewood circle method, First Hardy–Littlewood conjecture, first conjecture – Godfrey Harold Hardy and John E. Littlewood * Hardy–Weinberg principle – Wilhelm Weinberg and Godfrey Harold Hardy * Harrod–Johnson diagram – Roy F. Harrod and Harry G. Johnson * Hartley oscillator – Ralph Hartley * Hartman effect – Thomas E. Hartman * Hartmann mask (or hat) – Johannes Hartmann * Hartree energy – Douglas Hartree * Hasse's algorithm – see
Collatz conjecture The Collatz conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every positive integer into 1. It concerns sequences of integ ...
, above * Hasse diagram, Hasse principle, principle – Helmut Hasse * Hasse–Minkowski theorem – Helmut Hasse and Hermann Minkowski * Hausdorff dimension – Felix Hausdorff * Hawthorne effect – from the Hawthorne Works factory (where experiments were carried out 1924–1932) * Hayashi track – Chushiro Hayashi * Hayflick limit – Leonard Hayflick * Hawking radiation (a.k.a. Bekenstein–Hawking radiation) – Stephen Hawking (and Jacob Bekenstein) * Heaviside layer – see Kennelly–Heaviside layer * Hebbian learning – Donald Olding Hebb * Heine–Borel theorem – Heinrich Eduard Heine and
Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability. Biography Borel was ...
* Heinlein's razor – see Hanlon's razor, above * Heisenberg uncertainty principle – Werner Heisenberg * Hellmann–Feynman theorem – Hans Hellmann and
Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman (; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superflu ...
* Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz resonance – Hermann von Helmholtz * Hénon map – Michel Hénon * Hénon–Heiles system, potential – Michel Hénon and Carl E. Heiles * Henrietta's law – ''see Leavitt's law, below'' * Henyey track – Louis G. Henyey * Herbig Ae/Be star – George Herbig * Herbig–Haro object – George Herbig and Guillermo Haro * Herbrand base, Herbrand interpretation, interpretation, Herbrand structure, structure, Herbrand universe, universe, and Herbrand's theorem – Jacques Herbrand * Hertz effect – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz * Hertzsprung–Russell diagram – Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell * Hess afterimage – Carl von Hess * Hess diagram – R. Hess * Heusler alloy – Fritz Heusler * Heyting algebra, Heyting arithmetic, arithmetic – Arend Heyting * Hick's law, a.k.a. Hick–Hyman law – William Edmund Hick and Ray Hyman * Higgs boson, Higgs field, field –
Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, Emeritus Professor in the University of Edinburgh,Griggs, Jessica (Summer 2008The Missing Piece ''Edit'' the University of Edinburgh Alumni Magazine, p. 17 and Nobel Prize ...
*
Higgs mechanism In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property " mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles, the other b ...
– see
Anderson–Higgs mechanism In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property " mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles, the other b ...
, above * Hilbert–Waring theorem (a.k.a. Waring's problem) – David Hilbert and Edward Waring * Hill sphere (a.k.a. Roche sphere) – George William Hill (and Édouard Roche) * Hills cloud – Jack G. Hills * Hipparchic cycle – Hipparchus of Nicaea (a.k.a. Hipparchus of Rhodes) * Hirayama family – Kiyotsugu Hirayama * Hirsch–Meeks fusor – Robert L. Hirsch and Gene A. Meeks * Hofstadter's butterfly, Hofstadter's law, law – Douglas Hofstadter * Hopfield network – John J. Hopfield * Hořava–Lifshitz gravity – Petr Hořava (theorist), Petr Hořava and Evgeny Lifshitz * Hořava–Witten domain wall – Petr Hořava (theorist), Petr Hořava and Edward Witten * Hubbert peak – Marion King Hubbert * Hubble constant, Hubble expansion, expansion – Edwin Hubble * Hubble–Reynolds law – Edwin Hubble and John Reynolds (astronomer), John Henry Reynolds * Huchra's Lens – John Huchra * Humphreys series, Humphreys line/series – Curtis J. Humphreys * List of Hund's rules, Hund's Rules – Friedrich Hund * Hunsdiecker reaction – Heinz Hunsdiecker and Cläre Hunsdiecker * Huygens–Fresnel principle – Christiaan Huygens and Augustin-Jean Fresnel


I

* Imbert–Fedorov effect – Christian Imbert and Fedor Ivanovič Fedorov * Ishikawa diagram – Kaoru Ishikawa * Ising model (a.k.a. Lenz–Ising model) – Ernst Ising (and Wilhelm Lenz)


J

* Jaccard index, similarity coefficient, distance – Paul Jaccard * Jaffe profile (or model) – Walter Jaffe * Jahn–Teller effect – Hermann Arthur Jahn and
Edward Teller Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care for ...
* Jaro–Winkler distance – Matthew A. Jaro and William E. Winkler * Jarque–Bera test – Carlos M. Jarque and Anil K. Bera * Jeans's theorem – James Hopwood Jeans * Johnson–Nyquist noise – John Bertrand Johnson, John B. Johnson and Harry Nyquist * Jordan's rule/law – David Starr Jordan * Josephson constant, Josephson effect, effect, Josephson junction, junction – Brian David Josephson * Joule's first law, Joule's law (a.k.a. Joule–Lenz law) – James Prescott Joule and Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz * Joule–Thomson effect (a.k.a. Joule–Kelvin effect) – James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin


K

* K3 surface – Ernst Kummer,
Erich Kähler Erich Kähler (; 16 January 1906 – 31 May 2000) was a German mathematician with wide-ranging interests in geometry and mathematical physics, who laid important mathematical groundwork for algebraic geometry and for string theory. Education an ...
, Kunihiko Kodaira * Kähler differential, Kähler manifold, manifold, Kähler metric, metric –
Erich Kähler Erich Kähler (; 16 January 1906 – 31 May 2000) was a German mathematician with wide-ranging interests in geometry and mathematical physics, who laid important mathematical groundwork for algebraic geometry and for string theory. Education an ...
* Kakutani's problem – see
Collatz conjecture The Collatz conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every positive integer into 1. It concerns sequences of integ ...
, above * Kármán vortex street – Theodore von Kármán * Karnaugh map (a.k.a. Karnaugh–Veitch map, Veitch diagram) – Maurice Karnaugh (and Edward W. Veitch) * Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions (a.k.a. Kuhn–Tucker conditions) – William Karush, Harold W. Kuhn and Albert W. Tucker * Kasha's rule – Michael Kasha * Kater's pendulum – Captain Henry Kater * Kaye effect – Alan Kaye (engineer), Alan Kaye * Keeling curve – Charles David Keeling * Kelvin wave – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin * Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, instability – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz * Kelvin–Joule effect (a.k.a. Joule–Thomson effect) – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin and James Prescott Joule * Kelvin–Voigt material, Kelvin–Voigt model, model – Woldemar Voigt and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin * Kennelly–Heaviside layer – Arthur Edwin Kennelly and Oliver Heaviside * Kennicutt–Schmidt law (a.k.a. Schmidt–Kennicutt law, or Schmidt law) – Maarten Schmidt and Robert Kennicutt * Kepler's laws of planetary motion – Johannes Kepler * Kerr effect – John Kerr (physicist), John Kerr * Kirkendall effect – Ernest Kirkendall * Kleene star (a.k.a. Kleene operator, Kleene closure) – Stephen Kleene * Klein–Gordon equation – Oskar Klein and Walter Gordon (physicist), Walter Gordon * Klein–Nishina effect – Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishina * Knudsen cell, Knudsen number, number – Martin Hans Christian Knudsen * Kodaira dimension, Kodaira embedding theorem, embedding theorem, Kodaira vanishing theorem, vanishing theorem – Kunihiko Kodaira * Koenigs–Knorr reaction – Wilhelm Koenigs and Edward Knorr * Kohn effect – Walter Kohn * Kohn–Sham equations – Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham * Kohonen network – Teuvo Kohonen * Kolakoski sequence – William Kolakoski * Kolbe electrolysis – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe * Kolbe–Schmitt reaction – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt * Kondo effect – Jun Kondo * Kornblum oxidation – Nathan Kornblum * Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement – Nathan Kornblum and Harold E. DeLaMare * Kossel effect – Walther Kossel * Kosterlitz–Thouless transition – see Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, above * Kozai effect – Yoshihide Kozai * Krebs cycle – Hans Adolf Krebs * Kratzer potential – Adolf Kratzer * Kronecker delta – Leopold Kronecker * Kuhn–Tucker conditions – see Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, above * Kuiper belt – Gerard Kuiper * Confluent hypergeometric function, Kummer's function, Kummer surface – Ernst Kummer * Kuramoto model – Yoshiki Kuramoto


L

* Lagrangian mechanics, Lagrange points – Joseph-Louis Lagrange * Lamb shift – Willis Lamb * Lambert's cosine law (a.k.a. Lambert's emission law) –
Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert (, ''Jean-Henri Lambert'' in French; 26 or 28 August 1728 – 25 September 1777) was a polymath from the Republic of Mulhouse, generally referred to as either Swiss or French, who made important contributions to the subject ...
* Landau damping, Landau pole, pole – Lev Davidovich Landau * Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect – Lev Davidovich Landau, Isaak Pomeranchuk, and Arkady Migdal * Landau–Zener transition – Lev Davidovich Landau and Clarence Zener * Landé g-factor, Landé ''g''-factor – Alfred Landé * Langmuir probe – Irving Langmuir * Langmuir–Blodgett film – Irving Langmuir and Katharine B. Blodgett * Laplace vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, below * Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (a.k.a. LRL vector, Laplace vector, Runge–Lenz vector, Lenz vector) – Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Carl Runge and Wilhelm Lenz * Larmor frequency, Larmor precession, precession, Larmor radius, radius – Joseph Larmor * Larsen effect – Søren Absalon Larsen * Laspeyres index – Ernst Louis Etienne Laspeyres * Leavitt's law (a.k.a. Henrietta's law) – Henrietta Swan Leavitt * Le Chatelier's principle – Henri Louis Le Chatelier * Lee distance – C. Y. Lee (mathematician), C. Y. Lee * Leidenfrost effect, Leidenfrost point, point – Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost * Lenard effect – Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard * Lennard-Jones potential – John Lennard-Jones * Lense–Thirring effect (a.k.a. Thirring effect) – Josef Lense and Hans Thirring * Lenz vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, above * Lenz's law – Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz * Leonard–Merritt mass estimator – Peter Leonard and David Merritt * Levenshtein distance, Levenshtein automaton, automaton –
Vladimir Levenshtein Vladimir Iosifovich Levenshtein ( rus, Влади́мир Ио́сифович Левенште́йн, p=vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɨˈosʲɪfəvʲɪtɕ lʲɪvʲɪnˈʂtʲejn, a=Ru-Vladimir Iosifovich Levenstein.oga; 20 May 1935 – 6 September 2017) was a ...
* Levi-Civita symbol – Tullio Levi-Civita * Lewis–Mogridge Position – David Lewis (Canadian academic), David Lewis and Martin J. H. Mogridge * Little–Parks effect – William A. Little (physicist), William A. Little and Roland D. Parks * Littlewood–Offord problem – John E. Littlewood and A. Cyril Offord * Locard's exchange principle – Edmond Locard * Lombard effect – Étienne Lombard * London force – Fritz London * Lorentz force, Lorentz transformation, transformation – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz * Lorentz–Lorenz equation – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Ludvig Lorenz * Lorenz attractor – Edward Norton Lorenz * Lorenz curve – Max O. Lorenz * Lorenz gauge condition – Ludvig Lorenz * Lorenz–Mie scattering – see Mie scattering, below * Loschmidt's paradox – Johann Josef Loschmidt * Lotka's law – Alfred J. Lotka * Lotka–Volterra equation – Alfred J. Lotka and Vito Volterra * Love waves – Augustus Edward Hough Love * Lucas critique – Robert Lucas, Jr. * Lyapunov's central limit theorem, Lyapunov equation, equation, Lyapunov exponent, exponent, Lyapunov fractal, fractal, Lyapunov function, function, Lyapunov stability, stability, Lyapunov test, test, Lyapunov time, time and Lyapunov tube, tube – Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov * Lyman line, Lyman series, series – Theodore Lyman IV, Theodore Lyman


M

* Mach band, Mach band/effect, Mach number, number, Mach's principle, principle – Ernst Mach * Mach–Zehnder interferometer – Ludwig Mach and Ludwig Zehnder * Madelung constant – Erwin Madelung * Madelung rule Madelung energy, – Erwin Madelung * Maggi–Righi–Leduc effect (Thermal Hall effect) – Gian Antonio Maggi, Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc * Magnus effect – Heinrich Gustav Magnus * Mahalanobis distance – Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (প্রশান্ত চন্দ্র মহলানবিস) * Mahler measure, Mahler's theorem – Kurt Mahler * Malmquist bias, Malmquist effect, effect – Karl Gunnar Malmquist * Malus's law – Étienne-Louis Malus * Malthusian parameter – named by Ronald Fisher as a criticism of Thomas Robert Malthus * Malthusian catastrophe, Malthusian Growth Model, growth model – Thomas Robert Malthus * Marangoni cell, Marangoni cell/convection (a.k.a. Bénard–Marangoni convection) – see Bénard–Marangoni cell/convection, above * Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Gibbs–Marangoni effect) – see Gibbs–Marangoni effect, above * Markov's inequality, Markov chain, chain, Markov partition, partition, Markovian process – Andrey Markov * Mathieu functions – Émile Léonard Mathieu * Matilda effect – Matilda Joslyn Gage * Matthew effect (sociology), Matthew effect – Matthew the Evangelist * Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution – James Clerk Maxwell and
Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics, and the statistical explanation of the second law of ther ...
* McCollough effect – Celeste McCollough * McCulloch–Pitts neuron – Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts * McGurk effect (a.k.a. McGurk–MacDonald effect) – Harry McGurk (and John MacDonald) * Mealy machine – George H. Mealy * Meissner effect (a.k.a. Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect) – Walther Meissner (and Robert Ochsenfeld) * Mendelian inheritance – Gregor Mendel * Mercalli intensity scale (Modified Mercalli scale) – Giuseppe Mercalli * Metonic cycle – Meton of Athens * Meyers synthesis – Albert I. Meyers * Mie scattering (a.k.a. Lorenz–Mie scattering) – Gustav Mie (and Ludvig Lorenz) *
Mihăilescu's theorem Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University. The integers 23 and 32 are ...
(a.k.a.
Catalan's conjecture Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was Conjecture, conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University. The integers 2 ...
) – Preda Mihăilescu * Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect – Stanislav Mikheyev, Alexei Smirnov (physicist), Alexei Smirnov, and Lincoln Wolfenstein * Miller effect – John Milton Miller * Miller indices (a.k.a. Miller–Bravais indices) – William Hallowes Miller (and
Auguste Bravais Auguste Bravais (; 23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law. Bravais also studied ...
) * Misznay–Schardin effect – Col. Misznay and Hubert Schardin * Mögel–Dellinger effect – see
Dellinger effect A sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) is any one of several ionospheric perturbations, resulting from abnormally high ionization/ plasma density in the D region of the ionosphere and caused by a solar flare and/or solar particle event (SPE). The ...
, above * Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) – Andrija Mohorovičić * Mohr's circle – Christian Otto Mohr * Mohr–Coulomb theory – Christian Otto Mohr and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb * Mooers's law – Calvin Mooers * Moore machine – Edward Forrest Moore * Moore's law – Gordon E. Moore * centimorgan, Morgan unit – Thomas Hunt Morgan * Moreton wave – Gail E. Moreton * Morse potential – Philip M. Morse * Mössbauer effect – Rudolf Mössbauer * Mott scattering, Mott cross section, Mott insulator, Mott transition – Nevill Francis Mott * Mpemba effect – Erasto B. Mpemba * Müllerian mimicry – Fritz Müller * Munroe effect – Charles Edward Munroe * Murphy's law – Maj. Edward A. Murphy, Jr.


N

* Nambu–Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Goldstone boson) – Yoichiro Nambu and Jeffrey Goldstone * Nash equilibrium – John Forbes Nash * Nassi–Shneiderman diagram – Isaac Nassi and Ben Shneiderman * Necker cube – Louis Albert Necker * Needleman–Wunsch algorithm – Saul B. Needleman and Christian D. Wunsch * Néel temperature – Louis Néel * Nernst effect (a.k.a. Nernst–Ettingshausen effect) – Walther Hermann Nernst and
Albert von Ettingshausen Albert von Ettingshausen (30 March 1850 – 9 June 1932) was an Austrian physicist. He was professor of physics at Graz University of Technology, where he also taught electrical engineering. Earlier he was an assistant to Ludwig Boltzmann at the U ...
* Nernst equation – Walther Hermann Nernst * Neupert effect – Werner Neupert * Newcomb's paradox – William Newcomb * Newton's rings, Newtonian constant, Newtonian mechanics, mechanics – Isaac Newton * Noether's theorem – Emmy Noether * Nordtvedt effect – Kenneth L. Nordtvedt * Nyquist frequency, Nyquist rate – Harry Nyquist * Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem (a.k.a. Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov, Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelnikov, Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon, WKS theorem) – Harry Nyquist, Claude Shannon, Edmund Taylor Whittaker, and Vladimir Kotelnikov


O

* Oberth effect – Hermann Oberth * O'Connell effect – Daniel Joseph Kelly O'Connell * Olbers's paradox – Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers * Ohm's law – Georg Ohm * Okun's law – Arthur Okun * Omori's law – Fusakichi Omori * Onnes effect – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes * Oort cloud (a.k.a. Öpik–Oort cloud) – Jan Hendrik Oort (and Ernst Julius Öpik) * Ostriker–Peebles criterion – Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Jim Peebles * Ostwald's dilution law, Ostwald process – Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald * Overhauser effect – Albert Overhauser * Ovshinsky effect – Stanford R. Ovshinsky


P

* Paal–Knorr synthesis – Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr * Pareto chart, Pareto distribution, distribution, Pareto efficiency, efficiency, Pareto index, index, Pareto principle, principle – Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto * Pareto–Zipf law (a.k.a. Zipf–Mandelbrot law) – Vilfredo Pareto and George K. Zipf (or Benoît Mandelbrot) * Parrondo's games, Parrondo's paradox, paradox – Juan Manuel Rodríguez Parrondo * Paschen curve, Paschen lines, line, Paschen's law, law – Friedrich Paschen * Paschen–Back effect – Friedrich Paschen and Ernst Back * Pasteur effect – Louis Pasteur * Paternò–Büchi reaction – Emanuele Paternò and George Büchi * Pauli exclusion principle – Wolfgang Pauli * Peano curve – Giuseppe Peano * Pearson–Anson effect – Stephen Oswald Pearson and Horatio Saint George Anson * Péclet number – Jean Claude Eugène Péclet * Peltier effect – Jean Charles Athanase Peltier * Perlin noise – Ken Perlin * Perron–Frobenius theorem – Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius * Petkau effect – Abram Petkau * Petri dish – Julius Richard Petri * Petri net – Carl Adam Petri * Peyer's patches – Johann Conrad Peyer * Pfeiffer effect – Paul Pfeiffer (chemist), Paul Pfeiffer * Pfund series, Pfund line/series – August Herman Pfund * Phillips curve – William Phillips (economist) * Pigou effect – Arthur Cecil Pigou * Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number – Charles Pisot and Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan * Planck constant, Planck length, length, Planck mass, mass, Planck time, time – Max Planck * Platonic year – Plato * Pockels effect – Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels * Pogson ratio – Norman Robert Pogson * Poincaré map, Poincaré section, section – Henri Poincaré * Poincaré–Bendixson theorem – Henri Poincaré and Ivar Otto Bendixson * Poinsot's spirals – Louis Poinsot * Polchinski's paradox – Joseph Polchinski *
Potts model In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. By studying the Potts model, one may gain insight into the behaviour of ferromagnets and certain other phenom ...
(a.k.a.
Ashkin–Teller model In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. By studying the Potts model, one may gain insight into the behaviour of ferromagnets and certain other phenom ...
) – Renfrey B. Potts, Julius Ashkin, and
Edward Teller Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care for ...
* Pourbaix diagram – Marcel Pourbaix * Poynting effect, Poynting vector, vector – John Henry Poynting * Poynting–Robertson effect – John Henry Poynting and Howard P. Robertson * Prandtl number – Ludwig Prandtl * Primakoff effect – Henry Primakoff * Proteus phenomenon – Proteus (mythological god) * Pulfrich effect – Carl P. Pulfrich * Purkinje effect, Purkinje effect/shift – Johannes Evangelista Purkinje * Pygmalion effect (a.k.a. Rosenthal effect, observer-expectancy effect) – Pygmalion (mythology), Pygmalion (and Robert Rosenthal (psychologist), Robert Rosenthal) * Pythagorean theorem (a.k.a. Pythagoras's theorem) – Pythagoras


R

* Rabi oscillations – Isidor Isaac Rabi * Rademacher distribution, Rademacher function, function, Rademacher's series, series, Rademacher sum, sum – Hans Adolph Rademacher * Rademacher–Menchov theorem – Hans Adolph Rademacher and Dmitrii Menshov * Raman scattering – Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman * Ramsauer–Townsend effect (a.k.a. Ramsauer effect, Townsend effect) – Carl Ramsauer and John Sealy Townsend * Ramsden disc, Ramsden circle/disc/eyepoint, Ramsden eyepiece, eyepiece – Jesse Ramsden * Ramsey theory – Frank Plumpton Ramsey * Rapoport's rule – Eduardo H. Rapoport * Raychaudhuri's equation – Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (অমল কুমার রায়চৌধুরী) * Raygor Estimate Graph – Alton L. Raygor * Rayleigh criterion, Rayleigh distribution, distribution, Rayleigh fading, fading, Rayleigh number, number, Rayleigh quotient, quotient, Rayleigh scattering, scattering, Rayleigh waves, waves – Lord Rayleigh * Rayleigh–Bénard convection, Rayleigh–Bénard cell/convection – Lord Rayleigh and
Henri Bénard Henri Claude Bénard (25 October 1874 – 29 March 1939) was a French physicist, best known for his research on convection in liquids that now carries his name, Bénard convection. In addition, the historical surveys of both Tokaty and von Ká ...
* Rayleigh–Jeans law – Lord Rayleigh and James Jeans * Rayleigh–Taylor instability – Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor * Rees–Sciama effect – Martin Rees and Dennis Sciama * Reidemeister moves – Kurt Reidemeister * Rescorla–Wagner rule – Robert A. Rescorla and Allan R. Wagner * Reynolds number, Reynolds analogy – Osborne Reynolds * Ribot's law (of Retrograde Amnesia) – Théodule-Armand Ribot * Ricardian equivalence (a.k.a. Barro–Ricardo equivalence, or Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence) – Robert Barro, David Ricardo, and Antonio de Viti de Marco * Richards controller – Charles L. Richards * Richardson's constant, Richardson equation, equation, Richardson's law, law – Owen Willans Richardson * Richardson number – Lewis Fry Richardson * Richter magnitude scale – Charles Francis Richter * Righi–Leduc effect (a.k.a. Leduc–Righi effect) – Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc * Ringelmann effect – Max Ringelmann * Robertson–Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric) – see Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, above * Roche limit – Édouard Roche * Roche sphere (a.k.a. Hill sphere) – Édouard Roche (and George William Hill) * Rollin film – Bernard V. Rollin * Rosenthal effect (a.k.a. Pygmalion effect, observer-expectancy effect) – Robert Rosenthal (psychologist), Robert Rosenthal (and Pygmalion (mythology), Pygmalion) * Rossby waves – Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby * Rossi–Forel scale – Michele Stefano de Rossi, Michele Stefano Conte de Rossi and François-Alphonse Forel * Rössler equation – Otto Rössler * Rossmann fold – Michael Rossmann * Royer oscillator – George H. Royer * Ruelle operator, Ruelle zeta function, zeta function – David Ruelle * Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theorem – David Ruelle, Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius * Ruhmkorff coil – Heinrich D. Ruhmkorff * Runge–Lenz vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector * Runge's phenomenon – Carle David Tolmé Runge * Russell's paradox – Bertrand Russell * Rutherford experiment (a.k.a. Geiger–Marsden experiment), Rutherford scattering, scattering – Ernest Rutherford * Rybczynski theorem – Tadeusz Rybczynski * Rydberg constant, Rydberg formula, formula – Johannes Rydberg * Rydberg–Klein–Rees method – Johannes Rydberg, Oskar Klein, and Albert Lloyd George Rees


S

* Sabattier effect, Sabatier or Sabattier effect – Sabat[t]ier
first name unknown
* Sachs–Wolfe effect – Rainer K. Sachs and Arthur M. Wolfe * Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale – Herbert S. Saffir and Bob Simpson (meteorologist), Robert ("Bob") Simpson * Sagnac effect – Georges Sagnac * Saha ionization equation (a.k.a. Saha–Langmuir equation) – Megh Nad Saha (মেঘনাদ সাহা) (and Irving Langmuir) * St. Elmo's fire – Erasmus of Formiae * Salem number – Raphaël Salem * Sapir–Whorf hypothesis – Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf * Sasakian manifold, Sasakian metric, metric – Shigeo Sasaki * Say's law – Jean-Baptiste Say * Scheerer's phenomenon (Blue field entoptic phenomenon) – Richard Scheerer (ophthalmologist), Richard Scheerer * Schering Bridge – Harald Schering * Schild plot, Schild regression analysis, regression analysis – Heinz Otto Schild * Schmidt law, Schmidt–Kennicutt law – see Kennicutt–Schmidt law, above * Schottky effect – Walter H. Schottky * Schröter effect – Johann Hieronymus Schröter * Schülen–Wilson effect – see Wilson effect, below * Schuler period, Schuler tuning, tuning – Maximilian Schuler * Schultz's rule – Adolph Hans Schultz * Schumann–Runge bands – Victor Schumann and Carle David Tolmé Runge * Schwabe solar cycle – Samuel Heinrich Schwabe * Schwarzschild effect, Schwarzschild metric, metric, Schwarzschild radius, radius – Karl Schwarzschild * Scott effect – Elizabeth L. Scott * Secchi class, Secchi (stellar) class, Secchi depth, depth, Secchi disk, disk – Pietro Angelo Secchi * Seebeck effect – Thomas Johann Seebeck * Seiberg–Witten gauge theory – Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten * Seiberg–Witten invariant – Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten * Senftleben–Beenakker effect – Hermann Senftleben and Jan J. M. Beenakker * Sertoli cells – Enrico Sertoli * Serre duality – Jean-Pierre Serre * Seyfert galaxy – Carl Keenan Seyfert * Shapiro effect – Irwin Shapiro * Shimizu–Morioka attractor, Shimizu–Morioka equations, equations – Tatsujiro Shimizu and Nozomi Morioka *
Shubnikov–de Haas effect An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields, the Shubnikov–de Haas effect (SdH) is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter ...
–
Wander Johannes de Haas Wander Johannes de Haas (2 March 1878 – 26 April 1960) was a Dutch physicist and mathematician. He is best known for the Shubnikov–de Haas effect, the De Haas–Van Alphen effect and the Einstein–de Haas effect. Personal life Wander de H ...
and Lev Vasiljevich Shubnikov * Sieberg tsunami intensity scale – August Heinrich Sieberg * Sieberg–Ambraseys tsunami intensity scale – August Heinrich Sieberg and Nicholas Ambraseys * Simmons–Smith reaction – Howard Ensign Simmons, Jr. * Simpson's paradox (a.k.a. Yule–Simpson effect) – Edward H. Simpson (and Udny Yule) * Simroth's organs – Heinrich Rudolf Simroth * Smale's horseshoe – Stephen Smale * Smale–Rössler theorem – Stephen Smale and Otto Rössler * Smith–Waterman algorithm – Temple F. Smith and Michael S. Waterman * Snell's law – Willebrord van Roijen Snell * Soloviev tsunami intensity scale – Sergey L. Soloviev * Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law – Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel * Sørensen similarity index, similarity coefficient – Thorvald Sørensen * Spörer's law, Spörer Minimum – Gustav Spörer * Staebler–Wronski effect – David L. Staebler and Christopher R. Wronski * Stark effect (a.k.a. Stark–Lo Surdo effect) – Johannes Stark (and Antonino Lo Surdo) * Stark ladder (a.k.a. Wannier–Stark ladder, q.v.) – Johannes Stark and Gregory Hugh Wannier * Stark–Einstein law – Johannes Stark and
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
* Stebbins–Whitford effect – Joel Stebbins and Albert Edward Whitford * Stefan's constant, Stefan's law, law (a.k.a. Stefan–Boltzmann constant, law) – Jožef Stefan (and
Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics, and the statistical explanation of the second law of ther ...
) * Stensen's duct – Niels Stensen * Stern–Levison parameter – S. Alan Stern and Harold F. Levison * Stevens effect (disambiguation), Stevens effect – Joseph C. Stevens, Joseph C. and Stanley Smith Stevens * Stevens's power law – Stanley Smith Stevens * Stewart's organs – Charles Stewart (zoologist), Charles Stewart * Stewart–Tolman effect – Thomas Dale Stewart (physicist), Thomas Dale Stewart and Richard Chace Tolman * Stigler's law of eponymy – Stephen Stigler * Stirling number – James Stirling (mathematician), James Stirling * Stokes radius – George Gabriel Stokes * Stokes shift – George Gabriel Stokes * Stolper–Samuelson theorem – Paul Samuelson and Wolfgang Stolper * Strömgren age, Strömgren photometry, photometry, Strömgren sphere, sphere – Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren * Strömgren–Crawford photometry – Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren and David L. Crawford * Stroop effect – John Ridley Stroop * Strouhal number – Vincenc Strouhal * Stueckelberg action – Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg * Sturgeon's law – Theodore Sturgeon * Sturmian trajectories – Charles François Sturm * Suess effect – Hans Eduard Suess * Suess solar cycle, DeVries solar cycle, Suess-DeVries solar cycle – Hans Eduard Suess and Hessel de Vries * Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect – Rashid Sunyaev and Yakov Zel'dovich * Syracuse problem – see
Collatz conjecture The Collatz conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every positive integer into 1. It concerns sequences of integ ...
, above * Szilard–Chalmers effect – Leó Szilárd and Thomas A. Chalmers


T

*
Tait–Bryan angles The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.Novi Commentarii academiae scientiarum Petropolitanae 20, 1776, pp. 189–207 (E478PDF/ref> The ...
(a.k.a. Cardan angles, nautical angles) – Peter Guthrie Tait and George H. Bryan * Talbot effect – William Henry Fox Talbot * Tanimoto coefficient, Tanimoto coefficient, distance, measure, score, similarity – Taffee T. Tanimoto * Taylor cone – Geoffrey Ingram Taylor * Taylor-Couette flow – Geoffrey Ingram Taylor and Maurice Marie Alfred Couette * Teller–Ulam design –
Edward Teller Edward Teller ( hu, Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" (see the Teller–Ulam design), although he did not care for ...
and Stanislaw Ulam * Thévenin's theorem – Léon Charles Thévenin * Thirring effect – see Lense–Thirring effect, above * Thomas precession – Llewellyn Thomas * Thomas–Fermi approximation, Density functional theory, model – Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas and
Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and ...
* Thomson cross-section, Thomson effect, effect – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin * Thomson structure (a.k.a. Widmanstätten pattern) – William Thomson (mineralogist), William (Guglielmo) Thomson (or Count Alois von Beckh Widmanstätten) * Thorndike's laws (Law of effect, of effect, readiness, and exercise) – Edward L. Thorndike * Thorson's rule – Gunnar Thorson * Thouless energy –
David J. Thouless David James Thouless (; 21 September 1934 – 6 April 2019) was a British condensed-matter physicist. He was the winner of the 1990 Wolf Prize and a laureate of the 2016 Nobel Prize for physics along with F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael ...
* Thwaites conjecture – see
Collatz conjecture The Collatz conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every positive integer into 1. It concerns sequences of integ ...
, above * Tiedemann's bodies – Friedrich Tiedemann * Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement – Marc Tiffeneau and Nikolai Demyanov * Tobin's q – James Tobin * Tolman effects – Richard Chace Tolman * Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit – Richard Chace Tolman, J. Robert Oppenheimer, and George Michael Volkoff * Tonks–Girardeau gas – Lewi Tonks and Marvin D. Girardeau * Townsend effect (a.k.a. Ramsauer effect, Ramsauer–Townsend effect), Townsend ionization coefficient, ionization coefficient – John Sealy Townsend * Troxler's fading, Troxler's effect/fading – Ignaz Paul Vital Troxler * Tychonoff space – Andrey Nikolayevich Tychonoff * Tyndall effect, Tyndall effect/scattering – John Tyndall


U

* Ulam conjecture – see
Collatz conjecture The Collatz conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every positive integer into 1. It concerns sequences of integ ...
* Ulam's packing conjecture – Stanislaw Ulam * Unruh effect – William G. Unruh


V

* Vackář oscillator – Jirí Vackář * Van Allen radiation belt – James Van Allen * Van de Graaff generator – Dr. Robert Jemison Van de Graaff * Van der Pol equation, Van der Pol oscillator, oscillator – Balthasar van der Pol * Van der Waals force – Johannes Diderik van der Waals * Van Hove singularity – Léon Van Hove * Vavilovian mimicry – Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov * Veblen effect – Thorstein Veblen * Veitch diagram – see Karnaugh map, above * Venturi effect – Giovanni Battista Venturi * Venn diagram – John Venn * Vierordt's law – Karl von Vierordt * Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation – Hans Vogel, Gordon Scott Fulcher, and Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann, Gustav Tammann * Vogt–Russell theorem – Heinrich Vogt (astronomer), Heinrich Vogt and Henry Norris Russell * Voigt effect, Voigt notation, notation, Voigt profile, profile – Woldemar Voigt * Voigt material – see Kelvin–Voigt material, above * Von Klitzing constant – Klaus von Klitzing * Von Neumann ordinal, von Neumann architecture – John von Neumann * Von Restorff effect – Hedwig von Restorff * Von Zeipel theorem – Edvard Hugo von Zeipel


W

*
Wadati–Benioff zone A Wadati–Benioff zone (also Benioff–Wadati zone or Benioff zone or Benioff seismic zone) is a planar zone of seismicity corresponding with the down-going slab in a subduction zone. Differential motion along the zone produces numerous earthq ...
(a.k.a.
Benioff zone Benioff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *David Benioff (born 1970), American writer, screenwriter and television producer *Hugo Benioff (1899–1968), American seismologist and academic **Wadati–Benioff zone * Marc Benioff ...
) – Kiyoo Wadati and Hugo Benioff * Wahlund effect – Sten Gösta William Wahlund * Wallace's line – Alfred Russel Wallace * Walras's law – Léon Walras * Wannier function, Wannier orbital, orbital – Gregory Wannier * Wasserman 9-Panel Plot – Karlman Wasserman * Superlattice#Wannier.E2.80.93Stark ladder, Wannier–Stark ladder (a.k.a. Stark ladder) – Gregory Wannier and Johannes Stark * Warburg effect (oncology), Warburg effect – Otto Heinrich Warburg, Otto Warburg * Waring's problem (a.k.a. Hilbert–Waring theorem) – Edward Waring (and David Hilbert) * Weber–Fechner law (Weber's law, Fechner's law) – Ernst Heinrich Weber and Gustav Theodor Fechner * Weberian apparatus – Ernst Heinrich Weber * Weierstrass–Casorati theorem – Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass and Felice Casorati (mathematician), Felice Casorati * Weierstrass's elliptic functions, Weierstrass factorization theorem, factorization theorem, Weierstrass function, function, Weierstrass M-test, M-test, Weierstrass preparation theorem, preparation theorem – Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass * Wien bridge – Max Wien * Weissenberg effect – Karl Weissenberg * Wess–Zumino–Witten model – Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino and Edward Witten * Wess–Zumino model – Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino * Westermarck effect – Edvard Westermarck * Weston cell – Edward Weston (chemist), Edward Weston * Wheatstone bridge – Charles Wheatstone (improved and popularized it; the inventor was Samuel Hunter Christie) * Whittaker function, Whittaker integral, Whittaker model – Edmund Taylor Whittaker * Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula – Edmund Taylor Whittaker, John Macnaghten Whittaker, Claude Shannon * Widmanstätten pattern (a.k.a. Thomson structure) – Count Alois von Beckh Widmanstätten (or William Thomson (mineralogist), William (Guglielmo) Thomson) * Widrow–Hoff least mean squares filter – Bernard Widrow and Ted Hoff * Wiedemann–Franz law – Gustav Wiedemann and Rudolf Franz * Wiegand effect – John R. Wiegand * Wien bridge (Wien's bridge), Wien's displacement constant, constant, Wien effect, effect, Wien's displacement law, law – Wilhelm Wien * Wiener filter, Wiener process, process – Norbert Wiener * Wigmore chart – John Henry Wigmore * Wigner energy, Wigner effect – Eugene Wigner * Wigner–Seitz cell – Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz * Wilson cycle – John Tuzo Wilson * Wilson effect – Alexander Wilson (mathematician), Alexander Wilson * Wilson–Bappu effect – Olin Chaddock Wilson and Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu * Witten index – Edward Witten * Wollaston prism – William Hyde Wollaston * Woodward–Hoffmann rules – Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann * Wolf effect – Emil Wolf * Wulf bands – Oliver R. Wulf * Wulff–Dötz reaction – William Wulff and Karl Heinz Dötz


Y

* Yarkovsky effect – Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky * YORP effect – Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky, John A. O'Keefe (astronomer), John A. O'Keefe, Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Radzievskii, and Stephen J. Paddack *
Young diagram In mathematics, a Young tableau (; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups ...
(a.k.a.
Ferrers diagram In number theory and combinatorics, a partition of a positive integer , also called an integer partition, is a way of writing as a sum of positive integers. Two sums that differ only in the order of their summands are considered the same part ...
), Young tableau – Alfred Young (mathematician), Alfred Young * Young's modulus – Thomas Young (scientist), Thomas Young * Yule–Simpson effect (a.k.a. Simpson's paradox) – Edward H. Simpson and Udny Yule


Z

* Zeeman effect – Pieter Zeeman * Zeigarnik effect – Bluma Zeigarnik * Zener effect – Clarence Melvin Zener * Quantum Zeno effect, Zeno effect – Zeno of Elea * Zipf's law – George K. Zipf * Zipf–Mandelbrot law (a.k.a. Pareto–Zipf law) – George K. Zipf and Benoît Mandelbrot (or Vilfredo Pareto)


See also

* Eponyms * Fields of science * List of eponymous laws * List of eponymously named medical signs, List of eponymous medical signs * Lists of scientists, List of scientists * Lists of etymologies * List of eponymous diseases * List of fluid flows named after people * List of hydrodynamic instabilities, List of hydrodynamic instabilities named after people * List of waves named after people * Scientific constants named after people * Scientific laws named after people


References

{{reflist Lists of eponyms Science-related lists Lists of things named after scientists