Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

Emblem of Turkmenistan An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a king or saint. Emblems vs. symbols Although the words ''emblem'' and ''symbol'' are often used in ...

National symbols of Turkmenistan The national symbols of Turkmenistan are defined in Article 14 of the Constitution of Turkmenistan. They consist of the Flag, the Coat of Arms, and the National Anthem. Online copies of them are available on the website of the Assembly of Turkm ...

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

Akhal-Teke The Akhal-Teke ( or ; from Turkmen ''Ahalteke'', ) is a Turkmen horse breed. They have a reputation for speed and endurance, intelligence, and a distinctive metallic sheen. The shiny coat of the breed led to their nickname, "Golden Horses". ...

Central Asian Shepherd Dog The Central Asian Shepherd Dog, also known as the Alabay, Alabai ( kz, Төбет , lang-tk, Alabaý ) and Volkodav, is a livestock guardian dog breed. Traditionally, the breed was used for guarding sheep and goat herds, as well as to protect a ...

Cinema of Turkmenistan The cinema of Turkmenistan dates back to the 1920s, when the country was within the Soviet Union. Since independence in 1991, Turkmenistan has had the most limited film production industry of any Central Asian state. History Early years - 1920s an ...

Exhibition Hall of the Ministry of Culture The Exhibition Hall of the Ministry of Culture ( tk, Sergi köşgi) is an important government building in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It is operated by the Turkmen Ministry of Culture and regularly hosts displays including exhibitions, conferences a ...

Hero of Turkmenistan The title Hero of Turkmenistan () is a state award of Turkmenistan. It was first awarded in 1992 and was awarded for service to the implementation of domestic and foreign policy. History The title of Hero of Turkmenistan was established by the L ...

Jigit ''Jigit'' (also spelled as ''Dzhigit'', ''yigit'', ''zhigit'' or ''igid'') is a word used in the North Caucasus and Central Asia to describe a skillful and brave equestrian, or a brave person in general. The word is of Turkic origin.Great Soviet ...

List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Below is the lis ...

Melon Day Melon Day is an annual national holiday in Turkmenistan devoted to festivities to celebrate the country's muskmelon, in particular a recent crossbreed product named " Turkmenbashy melon" (after Turkmenistan's first president), which is praised f ...

Public holidays in Turkmenistan Public Holidays in Turkmenistan are laid out in the Constitution of Turkmenistan, It acts as a list of nationally recognized public holidays in the country. Main public holidays * New Year's Day (January 1) * International Women's Day (March 8) ...

Ruhnama The Ruhnama, or Rukhnama, translated in English as Book of the Soul, is a two volume work written by Saparmurat Niyazov, the President of Turkmenistan from 1990 to 2006. It was intended to serve as a tool of state propaganda, emphasizing the ba ...

State Academy of Arts of Turkmenistan The State Academy of arts of Turkmenistan (Türkmenistanyň Döwlet çeperçilik akademiýasy) in Ashgabat, was founded in 1994 by President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov. Is subordinate to the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan. The new buil ...

State Russian Drama Theatre named after Pushkin The State Russian Drama Theatre named after Pushkin or Pushkin Theatre ( tk, A. S. Puşkin adyndaky döwlet rus drama teatry) is a theatre in Ashgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan. History The theatre was founded in 1926. In 1957, the the ...

Turkmen Carpet Museum The Turkmen Carpet Museum or the National Carpet Museum is a national museum, situated on 5 Gorogly Street in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The museum opened on 24 October 1994. It has the largest collection of Turkmen carpets of any museum. It has ...

Turkmen cuisine Turkmen cuisine, the cuisine of Turkmenistan, is similar to that of the rest of Central Asia. ''Plov'' (pilaf) is the staple, everyday food, which is also served at celebrations. It consists of chunks of mutton, carrots and rice fried in a larg ...

Turkmen language Turkmen (, , , or , , , ), sometimes referred to as "Turkmen Turkic" or "Turkmen Turkish", is a Turkic language spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia, mainly of Turkmenistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. It has an estimated 5 million native speake ...

Turkmen Museum of Fine Arts The Museum of Fine Arts is an art museum in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It was founded in 1927 by Russian sculptor A.A Karelin and in 1939 it attained the status of the Museum of Fine Arts. The museum has more than 6,000 works in its collection, inclu ...

Turkmen National Theatre of Youth The Alp Arslan National Drama Theatre of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Alp Arslan adyndaky milli drama teatry), known as the Alp Arslan National Youth Theatre of Turkmenistan ( tk, Alp Arslan adyndaky milli Ýaşlar teatry) until 2015, is loc ...

Turkmen State Circus The Turkmen State Circus ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Sirki/Түркменистаның Дөвлет Сирки) is the main arena circus of Ashgabat, capital of Turkmenistan. It has a seating capacity of 1,700 seats. Is administered by the Mini ...

Turkmenistan Cultural Centre The State Cultural Centre of Turkmenistan () is a multipurpose performance facility in the Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Located at Archabil avenue, it was founded by the first President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov Saparmurat Atayevich Ni ...

World of Turkmenbashi Tales Ashgabat Theme Park (Ertekiler Dünýäsi) is a theme park designed by Turkmen architects as a Turkmen version of Disneyland. It opened in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, in 2006. The $50 million recreation complex, based on Turkmen folk art and fairy t ...

Yomut carpet The Yomut carpet is a type of Turkmen rug traditionally handwoven by the Yomut or Yomud, one of the major tribes of Turkmenistan. A Yomut design, along with designs of the four other major tribes, such as Ersari and Tekke, is featured on the c ...

Magtymguly Pyragy Magtymguly Pyragy ( fa, ''Makhdumqoli Farāghi''; tk, Magtymguly Pyragy; ; tr, Mahtumkulu Firaki; , born Magtymguly, was a Turkmen spiritual leader, philosophical poet, Sufi and traveller who is considered to be the most famous figure in ...

Turkmen alphabet The Turkmen alphabet ( tk, Türkmen elipbiýi / / ) refers to variants of the Latin alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet, or Arabic alphabet used for writing of the Turkmen language. The modified variant of the Latin alphabet currently has an officia ...

Altyn Asyr (electronic newspaper) Altyn Asyr ( Turkmen for "Golden Age") may refer to: * Altyn Asyr (electronic newspaper), an online publication of the Turkmenistan State News Agency * Altyn Asyr, Turkmenistan, a city in Tejen District, Ahal Province, Turkmenistan *Altyn Asyr (mo ...

Altyn Asyr (TV channel) Altyn Asyr ( Turkmen for "Golden Age") may refer to: *Altyn Asyr (electronic newspaper), an online publication of the Turkmenistan State News Agency * Altyn Asyr, Turkmenistan, a city in Tejen District, Ahal Province, Turkmenistan *Altyn Asyr (mob ...

Miras (TV channel) Miras is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Devoll. The population at the 2011 census was 6,577.

Neytralny Turkmenistan ''Neytralny Turkmenistan'' (russian: Нейтральный Туркменистан) is the daily official Russian-language newspaper in Turkmenistan. The daily newspaper serves as the official government gazette of the Cabinet of Ministers of ...

Sport (Turkmen TV channel) Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical activity or game that aims to use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Sports can, th ...

Television in Turkmenistan In Turkmenistan, television has been operating for over 50 years and is subject to vigorous state censorship. Notorious for a totalitarian control on media, Turkmenistan has consistently occupied one among the last three spots of the annual Press F ...

Turkmenistan State News Agency Turkmenistan State News Agency (in tk, Türkmenistanyň Döwlet habarlar agentligi), sometimes shortened to TDH (russian: ТДХ), is the state-owned news agency in Turkmenistan. TDH headquarters are in Bitarap Turkmenistan Avenue, Ashgabat. Th ...

Turkmenistan (TV channel) Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

Bagshy A bagshy is a professional Turkmen bard who devotes his or her life to memorizing and reciting historical epics ('' dessan'' in Turkmen), typically accompanied by the traditional two-stringed instrument known as the dutar. Bagshys have enjoyed ...

Nury Halmammedov Nurmammet Halmammedovich Halmammedov ( tk, links=no, Nurmämmet Halmämmedowiç Halmämmedow; rus, links=no, Нурмаммед Халмамметович Халмамметов, Nurmammed Khalmammetovich Khalmammetov; 20 June 1938– 4 August 1 ...

Danatar Ovezov Dangatar Ovezov ( tk, Daňatar Öwezow; rus, links=no, Дангатар Овезов; 1 January 1911 – 5 May 1966), also known as Danatar Ovezov ( tk, Danatar Öwezow; rus, links=no, Данатар Овезов), was a Turkmen composer. Bio ...

Adrian Shaposhnikov Adrian Grigoryevich Shaposhnikov, (russian: Адриан Григорьевич Шапошников; 1888 – 1967) was both a Soviet classical music composer and a People's Artist of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. His style is simil ...

Turkmenistan State Symphony Orchestra The State Symphony Orchestra of Turkmenistan (SSOT) is based in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The State Symphony Orchestra of Turkmenistan was founded on the initiative and under the patronage of the President of Turkmenistan in 2008. History The orc ...

Iraida Yusupova Iraida Yusupova (born February 20, 1962) is a Turkmenistani composer of half Russian half Tatar ethnicity who lives in Moscow, Russia. Iraida Yusupova was born in Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR, and graduated from Moscow Conservatory with a degree in comp ...

Azerbaijanis in Turkmenistan Azerbaijanis in Turkmenistan ( az, Türkmənistan azərbaycanlıları) are part of the Azerbaijani diaspora. They are Turkmen citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background. Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan used to be part of the ...

Baloch of Turkmenistan Beluch ( bal, ) or the Baloch of Turkmenistan are a small part of the greater Baloch people who live primarily in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. They immigrated into the Merv and the Murghab River inland delta from the areas west and north of ...

Chowdur The Chowdur (meaning herder) or Choudor are one of the ten major groups of people who merged after 1920 to form the modern Turkmen Republic. They live primarily in and around the Khorezm Oasis. History The Choudor are thought to belong to th ...

Ersari Ersari ( tk, Ärsary, where ''Er'' - brave man, master; ''sari'' - light, bright, yellow) are one of the major tribes of the Turkmen people of Central Asia and one of the five major tribes of the country of Turkmenistan. They live mainly in Tur ...

Iranian Turkmens Iranian Turkmens ( fa, ترکمن‌های ایران; tk, ایران تۆرکمن‌لری, Eýran Türkmenleri) are a branch of Turkmen people living mainly in northern and northeastern regions of Iran. Their region is called Turkmen Sahra an ...

Karakalpaks The Karakalpaks or Qaraqalpaqs (; kaa, Qaraqalpaqlar, Қарақалпақлар, قاراقلپقلر), are a Turkic ethnic group native to Karakalpakstan in Northwestern Uzbekistan. During the 18th century, they settled in the lower reach ...

Koryo-saram Koryo-saram ( ko, 고려사람; russian: Корё сарам; uk, Корьо-сарам) is the name which ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. The term is composed of two Korean words: "", a historical name for ...

Russians in Turkmenistan Russians in Turkmenistan are a minority ethnic group, numbering 297,913 as of 2000 census representing 4% of the population. Most ethnic Russians migrated to Turkmenistan during the 20th century. Many settlements were founded in the north of the c ...

Teke (Turkmen tribe) Teke is a major and politically influential tribe of Turkmens in Turkmenistan. History The Oghuz forebears of the Teke migrated to Transoxiana in the 7th century. Lieutenant Colonel C.E. Stuart reported that in the 1830s the Teke tribe beg ...

Turkic languages The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia ( Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turkic l ...

Turkic peoples The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging t ...

Turkmen language Turkmen (, , , or , , , ), sometimes referred to as "Turkmen Turkic" or "Turkmen Turkish", is a Turkic language spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia, mainly of Turkmenistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. It has an estimated 5 million native speake ...

Turkmen Sahra Turkmen Sahra ( fa, ترکمن صحرا) is a region in the northeast of Iran near the Caspian Sea, bordering Turkmenistan, the majority of whose inhabitants are ethnic Turkmen. The most important cities of Turkmen Sahra are Gonbad-e Kavus, Aq ...

Turkmen tribes The major modern Turkmen tribes are Teke, Yomut, Ersari, Chowdur, Gokleng and Saryk. The most numerous are the Teke. The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes, among which the Salur tribe played a prominent role ...

Turkmenization Turkmenization is the set of domestic policies the Niyazov administration used in Turkmenistan from 1991 to December 2006 to force ethnic minorities to adopt Turkmen culture. Those who resisted the state-sponsored cultural transformation were ofte ...

Turkmens Turkmens ( tk, , , , ; historically "the Turkmen"), sometimes referred to as Turkmen Turks ( tk, , ), are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-weste ...

Turks in Turkmenistan Turks in Turkmenistan ( tr, ) are either Turkish people who live in Turkmenistan even though having been born outside Turkmenistan, or are Turkmenistan-born, but have Turkish roots. By Turkish roots, this could mean roots linking back to Turkey, ...

Uzbeks The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak mino ...

Yomut The Yomut or Yomud is a Turkmen tribe that lives in Western and Central Asia, including Gorgan, Iran; Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan; the eastern Caspian shores; Khiva, Uzbekistan; and Dashoguz, Turkmenistan. The Yomut carpet is a type of rug t ...

Altyn Asyr bazaar Oriental bazaar Altyn Asyr ( tk, Altyn Asyr gündogar bazary) also known locally as Täze jygyldyk (russian: Новая Толкучка; New flea bazaar) is the largest market in Turkmenistan, and the fifth-largest in Central Asia. It is located ...

Communications in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. Turkmenistan's telecommunications services are considered to be the least developed of all the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS) countries. Overall, the telecom ...

Fishing industry in Turkmenistan The fishing industry in Turkmenistan has been of benefit to the economy of Turkmenistan and food supply, particularly on the Caspian Sea for centuries. The fishing industry took off around 1910 in Turkmenistan but declined between 1950 and 1990, wi ...

Iran–Turkmenistan Friendship Dam The Iran–Turkmenistan Friendship Dam or Doosti Reservoir Dam (, ) is a dam on the Hari River (Hariroud), which forms part of the international boundary between Iran and Turkmenistan ( Iran-Turkmenistan border). The dam was completed in 2004, ...

Polimeks Polimeks İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. is a Turkish holding company based in Istanbul. Polimeks, established in 1995 and grew to become one of the world’s leading construction companies, in recent years transformed into a global investment holding ...

Serdar Hotel Serdar may refer to * Serdar (given name) * Serdar (surname) * SERDAR, a stabilized remote-controlled Ukrainian weapon station * Serdar (city) in Turkmenistan, the capital of Serdar District * Serdar (Ottoman rank), a military and noble rank of th ...

Telecommunications in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. Turkmenistan's telecommunications services are considered to be the least developed of all the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS) countries. Overall, the telecom ...

Türkmengaz Türkmengaz is the national gas company of Turkmenistan. From January to November 2020, Türkmengaz had US$4.13bn in revenue. It is the largest gas company in Central Asia. The chairman of the company, with rank of minister of state, is Batyr Ama ...

Yyldyz Hotel Yyldyz Hotel ( tk, Ýyldyz oteli) is a luxury hotel located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Built in 2013 by Bouygues, it has 155 rooms. It is a 24 story hotel, with a height of 107 meters. Design and construction In the construction of high-r ...

Bagtyýarlyk PSA Territory Bagtyýarlyk is a large contractual PSA territory consisting of several natural gas fields located in Lebap Province of Turkmenistan. It literally means ''happiness'' in Turkmen language. Bagtyyarlyk constitutes the bigger part of the gas rich Sa ...

Dauletabad gas field The Dauletabad Gas Field (also Döwletabat, Dauletabad-Donmez, and until 1991 known as Sovietabad) is a large natural gas field located in Mary, Mary province, Turkmenistan. It is located in the vicinity of the Turkmenistan–Iran border, and is na ...

Galkynysh Gas Field The Galkynysh Gas Field, formerly known as Iolotan gas field or South Yolotan – Osman field, is a large natural gas field near Ýolöten in Mary Province of Turkmenistan. It is the world's second-largest gas field. History The discovery of t ...

Malai Gas Field Malai is a natural gas field located in Lebap Province of Turkmenistan, on the left bank of Amu Darya River. It has been developed since the 1970s. The field is currently operated by Türkmengaz. Production from Malai field contributes to the ove ...

Central Asia–Center gas pipeline system The Central Asia – Center gas pipeline system is a Gazprom controlled system of natural gas pipelines, which run from Turkmenistan via Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to Russia. The eastern branch includes the Central Asia – Center (CAC) 1, 2, 4 ...

Central Asia–China gas pipeline The Central Asia–China gas pipeline (known also as Turkmenistan–China gas pipeline) is a natural gas pipeline system from Central Asia to Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China. By connecting Turkmenistan to China’s domestic grid, this ...

Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran pipeline The Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran pipeline (also known as Dauletabad–Salyp Yar pipeline) is a natural gas pipeline transport, pipeline from the Dauletabad gas field in Turkmenistan to Khangiran in Iran, where it is connected with the Iran Ga ...

East–West pipeline The East–West pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in Turkmenistan. It was constructed to carry natural gas from gas fields in eastern Turkmenistan to the coast of Caspian Sea across the southern part of the country. History In 2007–2008, Russ ...

Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline The Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline ( az, Transxəzər boru xətti, tk, Transhazar turbaly geçiriji) is a proposed subsea pipeline between Türkmenbaşy in Turkmenistan, and Baku in Azerbaijan. According to some proposals it would also include a c ...

Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline The Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) Pipeline, also known as Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline, is a natural gas pipeline being developed by the Galkynysh – TAPI Pipeline Company Limited with participation of the Asian Development ...

Ashgabat International Airport Ashgabat International Airport ( tk, Aşgabat halkara howa menzili) , formerly known as Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy International Airport, is one of five international airports in Turkmenistan. It is located within the city limits of Ashgabat (Ash ...

Daşoguz Airport Dashoguz International Airport ( tk, Daşoguz halkara howa menzili) (also spelled Daşoguz) is a major airport in Daşoguz Region, Turkmenistan located 15 km southwest of Daşoguz. Airport it mostly serves scheduled domestic destinations. ...

International Passenger Bus Terminal of Ashgabat International Passenger Bus Terminal of Ashgabat (Aşgabat şäherindäki halkara ýolagçy awtomenzili), is the main bus station of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Located in the north of the city, it was opened on 5 September 2014. It is the largest bus ...

List of defunct airlines of Turkmenistan This is a list of now defunct airlines from Turkmenistan. See also *List of airlines of Turkmenistan *List of airports in Turkmenistan References

{{List of airlines Defunct airlines of Turkmenistan, * Turkmenistan transport-related lists ...

List of airlines of Turkmenistan This is a list of airlines currently operating in Turkmenistan. Scheduled airlines See also *List of airlines *List of defunct airlines of Asia {{List of airlines * Turkmenistan Airlines Turkmenistan Airlines An airline is a company t ...

List of airports in Turkmenistan This is a list of airports in Turkmenistan, sorted by location. Airports There was also previously a Soviet Air Force base at Mary-2.List of railway stations in Turkmenistan *

List of Turkmenistan Airlines destinations Following is a list of the current and former destinations served by Turkmenistan Airlines OJSC Turkmenistan Airlines ( tk, «Türkmenistan» awiakompaniýasy açyk görnüşli paýdarlar jemgyýeti, commonly known as Türkmenhowaýollary) is ...

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Mary International Airport Mary International Airport is the third largest international airport in Turkmenistan. In March 2009, the airport was expanded with a new terminal and opened a US$5 million, two-story, 3,500-square-meter terminal and upgraded its status from provi ...

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M37 highway (Turkmenistan) The M37 highway is a highway in Turkmenistan. It is the Turkmenistan section of the European route E60 and Asian Highway AH5, which connects Brest, France to Irkeshtam, Kyrgyzstan on the border with the People's Republic of China. It connects ...

* North-South Transnational Railway Corridor *

Ports and harbours in Turkmenistan This article provides a list of the maritime ports and harbours of Turkmenistan. Maritime ports and harbours Caspian Sea * Turkmenbashy International Seaport ** Alaja Loading Terminal (oil) ** Ekerem Loading Terminal (oil) ** Kenar Loading Ter ...

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Rail transport in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan has of railways ( 37th largest in the world). The railway operator is the state owned company Türkmendemirýollary (Turkmen Railways). The company belongs to the Ministry of Railways of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan is currently exp ...

* The State Service of Maritime and River Transportation of Turkmenistan *

Trans-Caspian Railway The Trans-Caspian Railway (also called the Central Asian Railway, russian: Среднеазиатская железная дорога) is a railway that follows the path of the Silk Road through much of western Central Asia. It was built by ...

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Trans-Karakum Railway The Trans-Karakum Railway is a long railway in the central Asian republic of Turkmenistan. The railway was officially completed on 19 February 2006. The railway took over 1,500 workers more than five years to build, with 800 contractors working i ...

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Trolleybuses in Ashgabat The Ashgabat trolleybus system formed part of the public transport network in Ashgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan. It was the only trolleybus system ever in that country. History Opened on 19 October 1964, the system was operated during t ...

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Turkmenabat International Airport Turkmenabat International Airport ( tk, ), is an international airport in Türkmenabat, Turkmenistan. It is located approximately 13 km from the center of the city. History The original airport was opened in 1926 and was repeatedly rec ...

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Turkmenbashi International Airport Turkmenbashi International Airport ( tk, Türkmenbaşy halkara howa menzili) is an international airport located in the city of Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan. It accepts both passenger and cargo flights. It opened in 1959 and is one of the five m ...

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Turkmenbashi International Seaport The Türkmenbaşy International Seaport is the main passenger harbour and cargo port in Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan. It is located in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. Regular lines serve routes to Baku (Azerbaijan), Aktau (Kazakhstan) and A ...

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Turkmenistan Airlines OJSC Turkmenistan Airlines ( tk, «Türkmenistan» awiakompaniýasy açyk görnüşli paýdarlar jemgyýeti, commonly known as Türkmenhowaýollary) is the flag carrier and only airline of Turkmenistan, headquartered in Ashgabat. It operates d ...

* Türkmendemirýollary * Türkmenderýaýollary

Education and science

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Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan The Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan () is a state body in Turkmenistan founded in 1951, which is responsible for the implementation of Turkmen scientific and technical policy. The academy was closed under president Saparmurat Niyazov and reope ...

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TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT is a communications satellite operated by Turkmenistan National Space Agency, built by Thales Alenia Space in the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center in France. Launched from Cape Canaveral on 27 April 2015 aboard a Fal ...

* Turkmenistan Memorial Capsule *

Turkmenistan National Space Agency Space Administration of Turkmenaragatnashyk Agency ( tk, «Türkmenaragatnaşyk» agentliginiň Kosmos müdirligi), is a governmental body that coordinates all Turkmenistan space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. It was est ...

Archeological sites

* Abiward *

Altyndepe (, sometimes Altyn Tepe, Turkmen "Golden Hill"), is a Bronze Age ( BMAC) archaeological site in Turkmenistan, near Aşgabat, inhabited first from c. 3200 to 2400 BCE in the Late Regionalization Era, and from c. 2400 to 2000 BCE in the Integrati ...

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Anau culture The Anau culture was an ancient agricultural civilization of Central Asia centred in southern Turkmenistan. It started during the Chalcolithic period around 4000 BC, following the Neolithic Jeitun culture. It is named after its main site of Anau ...

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Anau, Turkmenistan Anau (also spelled Annau, tk, Änew) is a city in Turkmenistan. Until 20 December 2022 it was the capital of Ahal Province. It is situated 8 km southeast of Ashgabat, to which it is connected via the M37 highway. Etymology The name Anau ...

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Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (short BMAC) or Oxus Civilization, recently dated to c. 2250–1700 BC,Lyonnet, Bertille, and Nadezhda A. Dubova, (2020b)"Questioning the Oxus Civilization or Bactria- Margiana Archaeological Cultu ...

* Cave of Dzhebel * Dayahatyn * Dehistan/Mishrian * Dev-Kesken *

Gonur Depe Gonur Depe ( tk, Goňur depe) is an archaeological site, dated from 2400 to 1600 BCE,Frenez, Dennys, (2018)"Manufacturing and trade of Asian elephant ivory in Bronze Age Middle Asia: Evidence from Gonur Depe (Margiana, Turkmenistan)"in Archaeolog ...

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Jeitun Jeitun (Djeitun) is an archaeological site of the Neolithic period in southern Turkmenistan, about 30 kilometers north of Ashgabat in the Kopet-Dag mountain range. The settlement was occupied from about 7200 to 4500 BC possibly with short interr ...

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Konye-Urgench Konye-Urgench ( tk, Köneürgenç / Көнеүргенч; fa, کهنه گرگانج, ''Kuhna Gurgānj'', literally "Old Gurgānj"), also known as Old Urgench or Urganj, is a city of about 30,000 inhabitants in north Turkmenistan, just south fro ...

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Kutlug Timur Minaret Kutlug Timur minaret is a minaret in Konye-Urgench in north Turkmenistan, Central Asia. It was built in 1011 during the Khwarazmian dynasty. The height of the minaret is 60 meters with a diameter of 12 metres at the base and 2 metres at the top. ...

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Margiana Margiana ( el, ''Margianḗ'', Old Persian: ''Marguš'', Middle Persian: ''Marv'') is a historical region centred on the oasis of Merv and was a minor satrapy within the Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, and a province within its successors, the Se ...

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Merv Merv ( tk, Merw, ', مرو; fa, مرو, ''Marv''), also known as the Merve Oasis, formerly known as Alexandria ( grc-gre, Ἀλεξάνδρεια), Antiochia in Margiana ( grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐν τῇ Μαργιανῇ) and ...

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Monjukli Depe Monjukli Depe is an ancient settlement in south Turkmenistan, at the northern edge of the Kopet Dag mountains. Excavations reveal occupation from the late Neolithic period, starting about 6200 BC, to the early Chalcolithic period. The earliest lay ...

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Namazga-Tepe Namazga-Tepe or ''Namazga-depe'', is a Bronze Age ( BMAC) archaeological site in Turkmenistan, some 100 km east of Aşgabat, near the border to Iran. Excavated by Vadim Mikhailovich Masson, Viktor Sarianidi, and I. N. Khlopin from the 1950s ...

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Nisa, Turkmenistan Nisa ( grc, Νῖσος and Νίσα and Νίσαιον; also Parthaunisa, tk, Nusaý) was an ancient settlement of the Parthians, located near thBagyr neighborhoodof Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 18 km west of the city center. Nisa is describe ...

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Togolok Togolok is an archaeological site in the Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan, located about 10–15 km south of Gonur (or about 40 km north of Mary, Turkmenistan). Togolok 21 is an Indo-Iranian temple and fortress dated to the first half ...

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Ulug Depe Ulug Depe is an ancient Bronze Age site in the foothills of the Kopet Dag Mountains in the Karakum Desert of Kaka District (Kaahka) in the Ahal Province of south-eastern Turkmenistan. It covers around 13 hectares and lies on a mound at a height of ...

Libraries

Mary Library - State Library of Turkmenistan

Schools

Ashgabat International School -

Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School The Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School () is a boarding school of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. It is part of the Ministry of Defence and is located at the Military Institute, next to the university buildings. It is one of ...

- Diller Dunyasi language center - Gujurly Nesil

Paleontology

Danata Formation The Danata Formation (or Danatinskaya, Danatinsk, Russian: Danata Svita) is an Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene sedimentary succession located in Turkmenistan. It is mostly famous for its fish-bearing horizons (Ichthyofauna). The formation for ex ...

- Kugitang Svita - Kurek Formation - Turkmenidae

Universities

* Institute of International Relations (Turkmenistan) *

International Oil and Gas University Yagshygeldi Kakayev International Oil and Gas University ( tk, Ýagşygeldi Kakaýew adyndaky Halkara nebit we gaz uniwersiteti) is a university located in Ashgabat, the main university of the Turkmenistan oil and gas community. Founded May 25, 2 ...

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International University of Humanities and Development The International University for Humanities and Development ( tm, Halkara Ynsanperwer Ylymlary we Ösüş Uniwersiteti, HYY we ÖU) was opened in September 2014 as an English-medium institution of higher education in Turkmenistan.''International U ...

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List of universities in Turkmenistan This is a list of colleges and universities in Turkmenistan. Major public institutions Unless noted otherwise, institutions in this table are located in the city of Ashgabat. Specialized Institutions These institutions require applicants to h ...

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State Academy of Arts of Turkmenistan The State Academy of arts of Turkmenistan (Türkmenistanyň Döwlet çeperçilik akademiýasy) in Ashgabat, was founded in 1994 by President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov. Is subordinate to the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan. The new buil ...

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Turkmen Agricultural University Named after S.A. Niyazov Turkmen, Türkmen, Turkoman, or Turkman may refer to: Peoples Historical ethnonym * Turkoman (ethnonym), ethnonym used for the Oghuz Turks during the Middle Ages Ethnic groups * Turkmen in Anatolia and the Levant (Seljuk and Ottoman-Turkish desc ...

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Turkmen military academies The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan currently funds 2 high ranking educational institutions: The Military Academy of Turkmenistan and the Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan. Aside from those two schools, there are several ...

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Turkmen National Conservatory Turkmen National Conservatory (; russian: Туркменская национальная консерватория имени Маи Кулиевой) is a music conservatory in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Based on the decree № 1403 of the Presi ...

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Turkmen State Border Service Institute Turkmen State Border Service Institute () is an educational institution that specializes in the training of personnel of the State Border Service of Turkmenistan and the Turkmen Border Troops. The institute is one of many Turkmen military acade ...

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Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Construction The Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Construction (formerly named as Turkmen Polytechnic Institute) is one of the major universities in Turkmenistan. It is generally the leading institute in the country in engineering and energy. A number ...

* Turkmen State Institute of Economics and Management *

Turkmen State Medical University Turkmen State Medical University named after Myrat Garryev ( tk, Myrat Garryýew adyndaky Türkmenistanyň Döwlet lukmançylyk uniwersiteti) is a Turkmen medical university. Founded in 1931, it is the only medical university in Turkmenistan with ...

Environment

Ecoregions

*

List of ecoregions in Turkmenistan The following is a list of ecoregions in Turkmenistan, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF): Terrestrial Temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands * Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan) ...

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Alai–Western Tian Shan steppe The Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0801) covers the foothills on the western edge of the Tien Shan and Alay Mountains of Central Asia. This territory is mostly in southeastern Uzbekistan, with a portion running north into Kazak ...

* Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert *

Caspian lowland desert The Caspian lowland desert ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1308) covers the north and southeast coasts of the Caspian Sea, including the deltas of the Volga River and Ural River in the northern region. While the region gets relatively low amounts of precipit ...

* Central Asian riparian woodlands * Central Asian southern desert * Kopet Dag semi-desert *

Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe The Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1008) coincides with the Kopet Dag mountains, straddling the southern border of Turkmenistan and the northeastern border of Iran. The region is one of high biodiversity, as it includes ...

Fauna

''Wildlife''

* Acalyptris brevis * Acalyptris egidijui * Acalyptris turcomanicus * Acalyptris vannieukerkeni * Acalyptris vittatus * Alburnoides varentsovi * Bufotes oblongus * Coleophora acompha * Coleophora agasta * Coleophora agathella * Coleophora azyma * Coleophora stylosa * Coleophora sublata *

Elachista puplesisi ''Elachista puplesisi'' is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is endemic to Turkmenistan. The wingspan is for males. References

Elachista, puplesisi Moths described in 2000 Moths of Asia Endemic fauna of Turkmenistan {{Elachista- ...

* Micropterix turkmeniella * Ornativalva plutelliformis * Phrynocephalus mystaceus * Plecotus turkmenicus * Scopula kuhitangica * Stigmella ficulnea * Stigmella polymorpha *

Strongylognathus minutus ''Strongylognathus minutus'' is a species of ant in the genus ''Strongylognathus''. It is endemic to Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazak ...

* Temnothorax zabelini *

Turkmenistan eyelid gecko The Turkmenistan eyelid gecko or Turkmenian eyelid gecko (''Eublepharis turcmenicus'') is a ground-dwelling lizard native to Turkmenistan and northern Iran. It inhabits rocky and stony foothills and slopes at elevations up to above sea level. ...

''Canines''

*

Central Asian Shepherd Dog The Central Asian Shepherd Dog, also known as the Alabay, Alabai ( kz, Төбет , lang-tk, Alabaý ) and Volkodav, is a livestock guardian dog breed. Traditionally, the breed was used for guarding sheep and goat herds, as well as to protect a ...

''Equines''

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List of Central Asian horse breeds This is a list of the List of horse breeds, horse breeds considered to originate wholly or partly in six Central Asian countries: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Some may have complex or obscure hist ...

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Akhal-Teke The Akhal-Teke ( or ; from Turkmen ''Ahalteke'', ) is a Turkmen horse breed. They have a reputation for speed and endurance, intelligence, and a distinctive metallic sheen. The shiny coat of the breed led to their nickname, "Golden Horses". ...

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Iomud The Iomud is a breed of light horse from Turkmenistan. Like other breeds of Turkmen horse, it is named for the Turkmen tribe that raised it, the Iomud. Both the name of the horse and the name of the Turkmen clan may be spelt in many ways, inclu ...

- *

Turkmenian kulan The Turkmenian kulan (''Equus hemionus kulan''), also called Transcaspian wild ass, Turkmenistani onager or simply the ', is a subspecies of onager (Asiatic wild ass) native to Central Asia. It was declared Endangered in 2016. The species's popu ...

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Turkoman horse The Turkoman horse, or Turkmene, was an Oriental horse breed from the steppes of Turkoman desert. Its closest modern descendant is thought to be the Akhal-Teke. It influenced many modern horse breeds, including the Thoroughbred horse. Some h ...

Flora

* Aegilops crassa * Allium borszczowii * Anacamptis collina *

Bromus sterilis ''Bromus sterilis'' is an annual or biennial species of bromegrass known as barren brome, poverty brome, and sterile brome. Description This is an annual or biennial grass ranging from about 20 to 90 centimeters in maximum height. Leaf blades ...

* Callipeltis * Convolvulus erinaceus * Erysimum siliculosum * Euphorbia kopetdaghii * Fritillaria gibbosa *

Galium palustre ''Galium palustre'', the common marsh bedstraw or simply marsh-bedstraw, is a herbaceous annual plant of the family Rubiaceae. This plant is widely distributed, native to virtually every country in Europe, plus Morocco, the Azores, Turkey, Turkm ...

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Haloxylon persicum ''Haloxylon persicum'', the white saxaul, is a small tree belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. Its range is Western Asia, including the Palestine region, Egypt, Sinai, South Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Oman, UAE, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, to ...

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Iris acutiloba ''Iris acutiloba'' is a species in the genus ''Iris'', it is also in the subgenus of ''Iris'' and section ''Oncocyclus''. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, D ...

* Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata *

Iris fosteriana ''Iris fosteriana'' is a species in the genus ''Iris'', subgenus '' Scorpiris''. It was named after Michael Foster (a known British Iris expert) by Dr Aitchison, and found in Pendjeh, Turkmenistan. First described in transactions of the Li ...

* Iris halophila var. sogdiana * Iris longiscapa * Iris songarica * Iris vicaria * Juniperus polycarpos *

Juniperus seravschanica ''Juniperus seravschanica'' is a species of juniper. Common names include Pashtun juniper ( ps, اوبښته ''ōbəx̌ta'', " specieswhich sucks water"; Pashto: پښتني صنوبر). It ranges from southernmost Kazakhstan through Kyrgyzstan, ...

* Lagochilus inebrians *

Ophrys The genus ''Ophrys'' is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. They are widespread across much of Europe, North Africa, Caucasus, the Canary Islands, and the Middle East as far east as Turkmenistan. These ...

* Polygonum heterophyllum *

Prunus fenzliana ''Prunus fenzliana'' is a species of wild almond native to the Caucasus areas of Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan, preferring to grow at 1400-3500m above sea level. On the basis of morphology it has been long thought to be one ...

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Prunus scoparia ''Prunus scoparia'' is a wild almond found in Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. It is a xerophytic A xerophyte (from Greek ξηρός ''xeros'' 'dry' + φυτόν ''phuton'' 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to sur ...

* Prunus turcomanica * Pyrus boissieriana * Sternbergia lutea * Sternbergia vernalis *

Typha elephantina ''Typha elephantina '' is a plant species widespread across northern Africa and southern Asia. It is considered native in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Senegal, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, State of Palestin ...

* Typha turcomanica

Geography

*

Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border The Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border is in length and runs from the tripoint with Iran to the tripoint with Uzbekistan. Description The border starts at the tripoint with Iran on the Tedzhen river. Then proceeds eastwards in a series of mostly ...

* Alaja * Ashgabat Fountain *

Bitarap Turkmenistan Avenue Bitarap Turkmenistan Avenue ( tk, Bitarap Türkmenistan şaýoly, lit=Neutral Turkmenistan Avenue) is the main avenue and one of the largest roads of Ashgabat. Bitarap Turkmenistan is historically called Podvoiskogo Street. In 2011, it was reconst ...

* Climate of Turkmenistan *

Darvaza gas crater The Darvaza gas crater ( tk, Garagum ýalkymy), also known as the Door to Hell or Gates of Hell, is a burning natural gas field collapsed into a cavern near Darvaza, Turkmenistan. How the crater formed and ignited remains unknown. Geography The ...

* Districts of Turkmenistan * Galkynysh Square, Ashgabat *

Iran–Turkmenistan border The Iran–Turkmenistan border is 1,148 km (713 miles) in length and runs from the Caspian Sea to the tripoint with Afghanistan. The Turkmen capital Ashgabat is only 15 miles north of this boundary, and Mashhad (Iran's second largest city) ...

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Khwarazm Khwarazm (; Old Persian: ''Hwârazmiya''; fa, خوارزم, ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the ea ...

* Kazakhstan–Turkmenistan border * Saparmurat Turkmenbashi Avenue * Time in Turkmenistan *

Trans-Caspia {{Unreferenced, date=June 2019, bot=noref (GreenC bot) Trans-Caspia is an old name for the region lying to the east of the Caspian Sea in Central Asia. It can mean either Turkmenistan in particular, or the Central Asia region in general. Histor ...

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Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan border The Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan border is the border between the countries of the Republic of Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. At 1,793 km (1,114m), it is Turkmenistan's longest border and Uzbekistan's second longest (behind U ...

Natural features

* Cheleken Peninsula *

Karakum Desert The Karakum Desert, also spelled Kara-Kum and Gara-Gum ( tk, Garagum, ; rus, Караку́мы, Karakumy, kərɐˈkumɨ), is a desert in Central Asia. Its name in Turkic languages means "black sand": "" means sand; "" is a contraction of : " ...

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Kyzylkum Desert The Kyzylkum Desert ( uz, Qizilqum, Қизилқум, قىزىلقۇم; kk, Қызылқұм, Qyzylqūm, قىزىلقۇم) is the 15th largest desert in the world. Its name means ''Red Sand'' in Turkic languages. It is located in Central Asia, i ...

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Ogurja Ada , image_name = Ogurchinsky_caspian.jpg , image_caption = 19th-century Russian map of Ogurchinskiy Island , image_size = , map_image = Caspian5OGU.png , map_caption = Location of Ogurja Ada in the Caspian Sea , location = Ca ...

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Turan Depression The Turan Depression, Turan Lowland or Turanian Basin is a low-lying desert basin region stretching from southern Turkmenistan through Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan. Geography The lowland region lies to the east of the Caspian Sea and southeast ...

''Mountains''

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Aýrybaba Aýrybaba (since 2004 officially ''Beýik Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy belentligi'' - Mount of the Great Saparmyrat Turkmenbashi)
is ...

* Balkan Daglary * Gora Arlan *

Kopet Dag The Köpet Dag, Kopet Dagh, or Koppeh Dagh ( tk, Köpetdag; fa, کپه‌داغ), also known as the Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Range, is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about along the border southeast o ...

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Köýtendag Range Köýtendag Range (also Koytendag Range or Kugitangtau Range, tk, Köýtendag) is a spur of the Pamir-Alay mountains in the south-east of Turkmenistan, extending along the border with Uzbekistan's Surxondaryo Region Surxondaryo Region ( uz, Su ...

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Mount Arlan Mount Arlan (''Uly Balkan Gerşi'') is an peak in the western plains of Turkmenistan in Balkan Province. Mount Arlan stands about 2,000 metres above the shore of the below-sea level Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest in ...

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Uly Balkan The Uly Balkan, also known as the ''Great Balkan Range'' is a mountain range in Turkmenistan. The highest summit is Mount Arlan Mount Arlan (''Uly Balkan Gerşi'') is an peak in the western plains of Turkmenistan in Balkan Province. Mount A ...

''Nature reserves''

* Amudarya State Nature Reserve *

Badhyz State Nature Reserve The Badhyz State Nature Reserve is a protected area (zapovednik) in south-western Turkmenistan that was established in 1941 and extends over in the Mary and Akhal Provinces. It is located south of the Karakum Desert, and the Tejen River forms i ...

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Bereketli Garagum Nature Reserve State Natural Reserve Bereketli Garagum ( tk, Bereketli Garagum goraghanasy) is a desert nature reserve (''zapovednik'') of Turkmenistan, located in Ahal Province, south Karakum Desert. The reserve area 87,000 hectares. It was established in 2013 ...

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Gaplaňgyr Nature Reserve Gaplaňgyr or Kaplankyr is a mountain plateau and nature reserve (''zapovednik'') of northern Turkmenistan. It was established in 1979. It is a place for the protection and restoration of indigenous flora and fauna, it is located on the Gaplaňgy ...

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Hazar State Nature Reserve Hazar Nature Reserve is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') of Turkmenistan. It is located on the south-east coast of the Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a ...

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Köpetdag Nature Reserve Köpetdag Nature Reserve is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') of Turkmenistan. Established in 1976 for the protection of indigenous flora and fauna ( juniper, wild fruit trees, reptiles, birds, and mammals) it is located in the central part of th ...

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Köýtendag Nature Reserve Köýtendag Nature Reserve, formerly Kugitang Nature Reserve, is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') in the extreme east of Turkmenistan. Geography Established in 1986, it is located in the Köýtendag Range of Lebap Province Lebap Region ...

* Repetek Biosphere State Reserve *

Sünt-Hasardag Nature Reserve Sünt-Hasardag Nature Reserve is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') of Turkmenistan. Established in 1977 for the protection of indigenous flora and fauna, it is located in south-western part of the Kopetdag The Köpet Dag, Kopet Dagh, or Koppe ...

''Sanctuaries''

* Çemenebit Sanctuary *

Garlyk Sanctuary Garlyk Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan. It is part of Köýtendag Nature Reserve Köýtendag Nature Reserve, formerly Kugitang Nature Reserve, is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') in the extreme east of Turkmenistan. G ...

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Guryhowdan Sanctuary Guryhowdan Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan. It is part of Köpetdag Nature Reserve Köpetdag Nature Reserve is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') of Turkmenistan. Established in 1976 for the protection of indigenous flor ...

* Gyzyljar Sanctuary *

Hojaburjybelent Sanctuary Hojaburjybelent Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan. It is part of Köýtendag Nature Reserve Köýtendag Nature Reserve, formerly Kugitang Nature Reserve, is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') in the extreme east of Turkmeni ...

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Hojagarawul Sanctuary Hojagarawul Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan and a part of Köýtendag Nature Reserve Köýtendag Nature Reserve, formerly Kugitang Nature Reserve, is a nature reserve (''zapovednik'') in the extreme east of Turkmenistan ...

*

Hojapil Sanctuary Hojapil Sanctuary is a Protected areas of Turkmenistan, sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan and a part of Köýtendag Nature Reserve. It was established in 1986.https://web.archive.org/web/20090609072344/http://natureprotection.gov.tm/reserve ...

* Kelif Sanctuary *

Mäne-Çäçe Sanctuary Mäne-Çäçe Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan. It is part of Köpetdag Nature Reserve. Its purpose of creation is studying, preservation of all natural complex of the Central Köpetdag, maintenance of necessary conditions ...

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Ogurjaly Sanctuary Ogurjaly Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, e ...

* Pulhatyn Sanctuary *

Sarygamyş Sanctuary Sarygamyş Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan. It is part of Gaplaňgyr Nature Reserve Gaplaňgyr or Kaplankyr is a mountain plateau and nature reserve (''zapovednik'') of northern Turkmenistan. It was established in 1979. ...

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Şasenem Sanctuary Şasenem Sanctuary is a sanctuary (''zakaznik'') of Turkmenistan. It is part of Gaplaňgyr Nature Reserve. It was established for the breeding and settling of kulans, ''Equus hemionus kulan'', a subspecies of onager The onager (; ''Equus hem ...

* Sünt-Hasardag Sanctuary

''Waterways''

*

Amu Darya The Amu Darya, tk, Amyderýa/ uz, Amudaryo// tg, Амударё, Amudaryo ps, , tr, Ceyhun / Amu Derya grc, Ὦξος, Ôxos (also called the Amu, Amo River and historically known by its Latin name or Greek ) is a major river in Central Asi ...

* Atrek (Etrek) River *

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...

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Chandyr River The Chandyr River is a tributary of the Atrek River in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the nort ...

*

Garabogazköl The Garabogazköl (also spelt Kara-Bogaz-Gol; "Black Strait Lake"), or Garabogazköl Aylagy ("Black Strait Lake Bay"), is a shallow, highly-saline water-filled depression in the northwestern corner of Turkmenistan. It forms a lagoon of the Caspian ...

* Golden Age Lake *

Hanhowuz Reservoir Hanhowuz, also known as Khauz-Khan, is a reservoir in Ahal Province of southeastern Turkmenistan. The M37 highway passes nearby and the village of Hanhowuz stands on the northwestern shore, with the city of Tejen not too far away in that direct ...

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Karakum Canal The Karakum Canal (Qaraqum Canal, Kara Kum Canal, Garagum Canal; russian: Каракумский канал, ''Karakumskiy Kanal'', tk, Garagum kanaly, , ) in Turkmenistan is one of the largest irrigation and water supply canals in the world. St ...

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Kushk River The Kushk (known in Turkmenistan as ''Guşgy'') is a river which, for a portion of its course, forms the boundary between Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, and used to form the southernmost border of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The Kushk ...

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Main Turkmen Canal The Main Turkmen Canal () was a large-scale irrigation project in the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. The canal was intended to transport water from the Amu Darya river to Krasnovodsk (now Türkmenbaşy), a city in Turkmenistan on the coast o ...

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Murghab River The Marghab River ( Persian/Pashto: مرغاب, ''Morqâb''), anciently the Margiana (Ancient Greek: Μαργιανή, ''Margianḗ''), is an long river in Central Asia. It rises in the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safīd Kūh'') in Ghor ...

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Sarygamysh Lake The Sarygamysh Lake, also Sarykamysh or Sary-Kamysh (, , ), is a lake in Central Asia. It is about midway between the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea. It is the largest lake in Turkmenistan, in which three quarters of the entire lake's area is loca ...

* Sumbar River *

Tejen River The Hari River ( or prs, هری رود, translit=Harī Rōd; ps, د هري سیند) or Herat River is a river flowing from the mountains of central Afghanistan to Turkmenistan, where it forms the Tejend oasis and disappears in the Karakum Des ...

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Türkmenbaşy Gulf The Türkmenbaşy Gulf or Türkmenbaşy Aýlagy or Türkmenbaşy Bay ( tk, Türkmenbaşy aýlagy, russian: залив Туркменбашы) is a bay of the Caspian Sea in the coast of Turkmenistan. With the Türkmenbaşy Peninsula to the nort ...

* Uzboy River (extinct)

Municipalities

''Cities''

Former names, where names have been changed in recent times, are provided in parentheses. * Altyn Asyr * Änew (Anau) * Andalyp (Gurbansoltan eje adyndaky, Ýylanly) *

Akdepe Akdepe is a city and capital of Akdepe District in the Daşoguz Region of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uz ...

* Arkadag * Aşgabat (Ashkhabad) **

Bagtyýarlyk District Bagtyyarlyk District is a borough of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. As a borough, it is headed by a presidentially appointed mayor ( tk, häkim).

**

Berkararlyk District Berkararlyk District is a borough of Aşgabat in Turkmenistan. As a borough, it is headed by a presidentially appointed mayor ( tk, häkim).

**

Bitarap Turkmenistan Avenue Bitarap Turkmenistan Avenue ( tk, Bitarap Türkmenistan şaýoly, lit=Neutral Turkmenistan Avenue) is the main avenue and one of the largest roads of Ashgabat. Bitarap Turkmenistan is historically called Podvoiskogo Street. In 2011, it was reconst ...

** Büzmeýin (Abadan) **

Büzmeýin District Büzmeýin District ( tk, Büzmeýin etraby, from 2002 to 2018 called Abadan District, expanded in 2018 to include former Archabil District and Chandybil District) is a borough of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. As a borough, it is headed by a presi ...

** Galkynysh Square, Ashgabat **

Gypjak Gypjak (also known as Kipchak) is a former village that was annexed into the Turkmen capital of Ashgabat in 2013. It is now a neighborhood in Bagtyýarlyk Borough of Ashgabat. Overview The neighborhood is known as having been the home village o ...

**

Independence Square, Ashgabat Independence Square () is a square in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The identification number of the square is 2000. Development By June 2009, the square was renovated, with new fountains, original lamps and benches, being built over the course of six ...

** Kopetdag District ** Magtymguly Avenue ** Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Avenue * Babadaýhan (Kirovsk) * Balkanabat (Nebit-dag) * Baýramaly * Bäherden (Baharly) * Bereket (Gazanjyk) * Boldumsaz (Kalinin) * Dänew (Galkynyş) * Darganata (Birata) * Daşoguz (Tashauz, Dashhowuz) * Dostluk (Yuzhnyy) *

Esenguly Esenguly (formerly Hasan-Kuly, Gasan-Kuli) is a city in and administrative center of Esenguly District, Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. In 1989 its population was 5,823. Etymology The name is of obscure origin. A clan of that name, part of the Yo ...

* Etrek (Gyzyletrek) *

Farap Farap, also known as Farab, or Firabr, is a city in Çärjew District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. Etymology The name is of obscure origin and meaning. Vambery considered it a corruption of a Persian phrase meaning "pure water". Overview ...

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Garabekewül Garabekewül is a city in Saýat District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. Etymology The terms ''Gara'' ("black") and ''Bekewül'' refer to two of the clans that make up the Ersari tribe, and Atanyyazow asserts that this is the origin of the topo ...

* Garabogaz (Bekdaş) *

Gazojak Gazojak (also Gazochak, tm, Gazojak) is a city in Darganata District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. It is a border crossing to Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republ ...

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Gökdepe Gökdepe, also Geok Tepe, is a city in and the administrative center of Gökdepe District, Ahal Region, Turkmenistan, north-west of Ashgabat. The city is built around a former fortress of the Turkmens which bore the same name. The city lies alon ...

* Görogly (Tagta) *

Gubadag ) (1938-1949) Täzä-Gala Таза-Кала (?-1938) , native_name = , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_caption = , image_flag = , image_se ...

* Gyzylarbat (Serdar) * Halaç * Hojambaz * Kaka * Kerki (Atamyrat) * Köneurgenç * Köýtendag (Çarşaňňy) * Magdanly (Gowurdak) * Magtymguly (Garrygala) *

Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religious contexts * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also calle ...

* Murgap * Sakar *

Sakarçäge Sakarçäge is a city and capital of Sakarçäge District, Mary Region, Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbek ...

* Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky (Oktyabrsk) *

Sarahs Sarahs (, also written Saraghs, Serahs, Sarakhs, Saragt, or Serakhs, the last a backformation of russian: Серахс) is an oasis city in Ahal Province, Turkmenistan, and the administrative center of Sarahs district ( tk, Sarahs etraby). It i ...

* Şatlyk (Şehitli) *

Saýat Saýat is a city and capital of Saýat District in the Lebap Region of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzb ...

* Serhetabat (Guşgy) * Seýdi (Neftezavodsk) * Shabat (Nyýazow, Täzebazar) *

Tejen Tejen (older spellings: Tedzhen, Tejend, Tejent) is an oasis city with district status in the Karakum Desert, in Ahal Province of Turkmenistan. It lies along the M37 highway, between Dushak and Mary, by road southeast of Ashgabat. It has a p ...

* Turkmenabat (Çärjew) * Türkmenbaşy (Krasnovodsk) ** Awaza * Türkmengala * Ýolöten

''Districts''

''Provinces''

Ahal Ahal may refer to: * Ahal Province, in Turkmenistan * Ahel, a city in Fars Province, Iran * FC Ahal Ahal Änew Football Club ( tk, Ahal Änew Futbol Kluby), or simply Ahal FC, is a Turkmen professional association football club based in the ...

- Balkan -

Daşoguz Daşoguz (also Dashoguz, Dasoguz; roughly "stone spring" in Turkmen), formerly known as Tashauz (until 1992; russian: Ташау́з) and Dashkhovuz (1992–1999; russian: Дашхову́з), is a city in northern Turkmenistan and the capital o ...

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Lebap Lebap Region ( tk, Lebap welaýaty/Лебап велаяты from the Persian ''Lab-e āb'') is one of the regions of Turkmenistan. It is in the northeast of the country, bordering Afghanistan, Uzbekistan along the Amu Darya. Its capital is T ...

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Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religious contexts * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also calle ...

''Towns''

* Amu Dar'ya (town) *

Archman Archman is a village in Baherden District of Turkmenistan, famed for the eponymous hot springs located about 11 km away. Etymology Legend has it that the hot springs (and the village) were named after a shepherd who had discovered its healing ...

* Bagtyýarlyk şäherçesi (formerly Üçajy) *

Döwletli Döwletli is a town in Hojambaz District in Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. Prior to 9 November 2022, it was the seat of Döwletli District, which was abolished by parliamentary decree on that date. It was named Jeýhun, the ancient name of the Amu ...

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Dushak Dushak ( tk, Duşak) is a small town in the Karakum Desert on the rim of the Kopet Dag mountains of Ahal Province, Turkmenistan. See also * Railway stations in Turkmenistan Railway stations in Turkmenistan include: Maps UN MapUNHCR Map ...

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Gumdag Gumdag (romanized Russian Kum Dag) is a town in Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. It is located 43 km southeast of the city of Balkanabat. To the south-east of the town, lies the Boyadag Mud Volcano. Etymology The name is derived from two words in ...

* Gyzylgaya * Hazar (Çeleken) *

Jebel Jabal, Jabel, Jebel or Jibal may refer to: People * Jabal (name), a male Arabic given name * Jabal (Bible), mentioned in the Hebrew Bible Places In Arabic, ''jabal'' or ''jebel'' (spelling variants of the same word) means 'mountain'. * Dzhebel ...

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Mollanepes , russian: imeni Poltoratskogo (1975-1993) , native_name = , settlement_type = Town , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_caption = , image_flag = , flag_size = , im ...

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Mukry Mukry is a town in Köýtendag District, Lebap Province, Turkmenistan. It is located near Kerki and Amu Dar'ya. Etymology Mukry is the name of a Turkmen tribe. The town was named Akgumdänajy ( Акгумдәнаҗы) at some point but the name ...

* Oguzhan (formerly Gulanly) *

Ruhubelent Ruhubelent is a town and the administrative center of Ruhubelent District of Daşoguz Province, Turkmenistan. The district was established in April 2007 and the town of Ruhubelent was founded on 17 October 2008. Etymology The word ''ruhubelent ...

* Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi *

Tagtabazar Tagtabazar (formerly Panjdeh or Pendi) is the capital town of Tagtabazar District in the Mary Province of Turkmenistan. See also *Panjdeh incident The Panjdeh Incident (known in Russian historiography as the Battle of Kushka) was an armed ...

* Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi (formerly Janga)

''Villages''

* Agar * Ajyguýy * Ajyýap * Ak altyn (disambiguation page) * Artyk * Aydere * Burguçy geňeşligi * Çäçe * Çagagüzer (old name) * Çemenabat *

Darvaza Darvaza (from fa, دروازه, literally "gate"; tk, Derweze) is a rural council (village council) in Ak bugdaý District, Ahal Province, Turkmenistan of about 350 inhabitants, located in the middle of the Karakum Desert, about 260 km nor ...

(Derweze geňeşligi) * Daýhan *

Gämi Gämi is a village and suburb on the southeastern outskirts of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, approximately 5 kilometres from the city centre. It is located in Ak bugdaý District Ak bugdaý District is a district of Ahal Province in Turkmenistan. It w ...

* Gäwers *

Galaýmor Galaýmor, called in Russian Kala-I-Mor, is a village and rural council in Tagtabazar District, Mary Province, Turkmenistan. Prior to 9 November 2022 it was under the jurisdiction of Serhetabat District, which was abolished on that date by parli ...

* Gyzylbaýyr (formerly Şarlawuk) * Hojagala * Jeňellihatap * Nohur * Olamsurhy *

Sandykgaçy Sandykgaçy is a village in and the seat of Sandykgaçy geňeşligi (rural council), Tagtabazar District, in Mary Province, Turkmenistan. It is located on the Murghab River. In the Soviet period the name was applied to a fruit and vegetable sov ...

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Ymamnazar Ymamnazar (also Ymam Nazar, Imamnazar) is a remote settlement in Turkmenistan's Lebap province. It is situated immediately adjacent to Turkmenistan's southern border with Afghanistan, opposite to Aqina. The nearest city in Turkmenistan is Kerki. ...

Government

* Assembly of Turkmenistan *

Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan) The Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Ministrler Kabineti) is the chief executive body in Turkmenistan. The Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan is appointed by the President of Turkmenistan who is both the chief of sta ...

* Central Bank of Turkmenistan * List of leaders of Turkmenistan *

List of Turkmenistan foreign ministers This is a list of the foreign ministers of Turkmenistan. The position was established in 1944 and was re-established after Turkmenistan gained its independence in 1991. The position of foreign minister has been held by Raşit Meredow since 2001 ...

* Ministry of Communications (Turkmenistan) *

Ministry of Culture (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň medeniýet ministrligi) is a governmental body of Turkmenistan. Its mission is to formulate and implement state cultural policies supporting professional and amateur art, theatre, musi ...

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Ministry of Energy (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Energy of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistan energetika ministrligi) is a Cabinet Ministry in the Turkmenistan. Since 2015, the portfolio has been headed by Minister Charymurad Purchekov. History According to the Decree of the Pr ...

*

Ministry of Finance (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan (Türkmenistanyň Maliýe we Ykdysadyýet Ministirligi) is the central government institution charged with leading the financial policy of Turkmenistan. It was established in 1991, and reformed i ...

*

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan (Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi, DIM) is the central government institution charged with leading the foreign policy of Turkmenistan. It was established in 1991. The current Foreign Min ...

* Ministry of Health (Turkmenistan) *

Ministry of Justice (Turkmenistan) Ministry may refer to: Government * Ministry (collective executive), the complete body of government ministers under the leadership of a prime minister * Ministry (government department), a department of a government Religion * Christian mi ...

*

Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Nebit we Gaz ministrligi) is a former governmental agency of Turkmenistan. It was in charge of regulating activities in the oil and gas industry, petrochemical produ ...

(abolished) *

National Council of Turkmenistan The National Council of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Milli Geňeşi) was Turkmenistan's bicameral national legislative body or parliament from March 2021 until January 2023. The upper chamber was the People's Council () and the lower ...

*

Oguzhan Presidential Palace Oguzhan Palace ( tm, Oguz han köşgi, Огуз хан көшги) is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of Turkmenistan, located on Independence Square in the capital city of Ashgabat in Turkmenistan. It has been the ...

*

People's Council of Turkmenistan The People's Council of Turkmenistan ( tk, Halk Maslahaty, ɑlq mɑθlɑxɑt̪ɯ "People's Council") is the upper chamber of Turkmenistan's Parliament, the " National Council" ( tk, Milli Geňeş). It consists of 56 members, 48 elected from th ...

*

President of Turkmenistan The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme c ...

*

Prosecutor General of Turkmenistan The Prosecutor General of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Baş Prokurory), also referred to as the Attorney General, is the chief prosecutor and Lawyer, attorney of Turkmenistan. The incumbent takes part in all civil and criminal matters in wh ...

* Railways Agency of Turkmenistan *

Ruhyýet Palace Rukhiyet Palace ( tk, Ruhyýet köşgi/Рухыет көшги) is a palace in the capital city of Asgabat in Turkmenistan. The palace holds official state events, forums, meetings, and inaugurations. The palace was built by the French company ...

* Supreme Court of Turkmenistan *

Vice President of Turkmenistan The vice president of Turkmenistan, formally referred to as the Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, and erroneously (based on the official title, and despite the abolition of the Prime Minister of Turkmenistan's office) as the Deputy Pri ...

* Visa policy of Turkmenistan *

Wedding Palace (Ashgabat) The Wedding Palace ( tk, Bagt köşgi; Багт көшги) is a civil registry building in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It was constructed by Turkish company Polimeks Polimeks İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. is a Turkish holding company based in Istanbul. ...

Military and Security

* Armed Forces of Turkmenistan * Chief of the General Staff (Turkmenistan) *

Law enforcement in Turkmenistan Law enforcement in Turkmenistan is carried out by the Interior Ministry and the Ministry of National Security (KNB). The Interior Ministry commands the 25,000 personnel of the national police force directly, while the KNB deals with intelligence ...

*

Military ranks of Turkmenistan The Military ranks of Turkmenistan are the military insignia used by the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. Being a former Soviet state, Turkmenistan shares a rank structure similar to that of Russia. Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia of c ...

*

Ministry of Defense (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan ( Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Goranmak ministrligi) is a government agency under the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan which is the executive body in implementing defense policies in Turkmenistan. The current Mini ...

*

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Turkmenistan) The Ministry of Internal Affairs ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Içeri Işler Ministrligi) is the interior ministry or national police force of Turkmenistan. The ministry directly controls the Turkmen police force, consisting of about 25,000 personnel, an ...

* Ministry of National Security (Turkmenistan) *

Owadan-depe Prison Owadan-depe (also Owadandepe, Owadan Depe, Ovadan Depe, 'beautiful hill' in Turkmen) is a prison for political inmates in the Ahal Region of Turkmenistan established by the regime of former President Saparmyrat Nyýazow to incarcerate poli ...

* State Border Service of Turkmenistan *

State Customs Service of Turkmenistan The State Customs Service of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Döwlet gümrük gullugy) — is a governmental agency of management performing the state policy in the field of regulation of activities of customs system of Turkmenistan, providing ...

* State Migration Service of Turkmenistan * State Security Council of Turkmenistan *

Turkmen Air Force The Turkmen Air Force ( tk, Türkmen Howa Güýçleri) is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. It was formed from former Soviet Air Forces units within that region of the Turkestan Military District. The Turkmen Air Force in ...

*

Turkmen Ground Forces The Turkmen Ground Forces () is the army branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. The ground forces include the 2nd, 3rd, 11th, and 22nd Motor Rifle Divisions as well as smaller units consisting of various types of troops. History The b ...

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Turkmen Internal Troops The Internal Troops of Turkmenistan ( Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň içerki goşunlary) is a service branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan under the auspices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is one of three types of paramilitary force ...

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Turkmen National Guard The National Guard of Turkmenistan ( Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Milli Garawul) is an elite branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan stationed in Ashgabat. It is one of three types of paramilitary forces in the country, with the other two being the ...

* Turkmen Navy *

Turkmen State Border Service Institute Turkmen State Border Service Institute () is an educational institution that specializes in the training of personnel of the State Border Service of Turkmenistan and the Turkmen Border Troops. The institute is one of many Turkmen military acade ...

Health

COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan As of 16 January 2023, Turkmenistan is the only remaining sovereign country in the world that has not reported any cases of COVID-19. There are no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Turkmenistan with the totalitarian government being proactive in ce ...

History

Independent Turkmenistan

* 2000 Turkmenistan earthquake *

2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week On August 10, 2002, the government of Turkmenistan adopted a law to rename all the months and most of the days of week. The names were chosen according to Turkmen national symbols, as described in the ''Ruhnama'', a book written by Saparmurat Niyaz ...

* List of leaders of Turkmenistan *

Prime Minister of Turkmenistan The following is a list of heads of government of Turkmenistan since the establishment of that position in 1925. List of Heads of Government of Turkmenistan (1925–1992) Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1925–1991) Chairmen of the Council o ...

Soviet Turkmenistan

* Basmachi movement *

Communist Party of Turkmenistan The Communist Party of Turkmenistan (russian: Коммунистическая партия Туркменистана; tk, Türkmenistanyň Kommunistik Partiýasy) was the ruling communist party of the Turkmen SSR, and a part of the Communis ...

* Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic *

Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (, ; russian: Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика, ''Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika''), also commonly known as Turkmenistan o ...

Russian Empire

* Battle of Geok Tepe (1879) *

Battle of Geok Tepe The Battle of Geok Tepe in 1881 was the main event in the 1880/81 Russian campaign to conquer the Teke Turkomans. Its effect was to give the Russian Empire control over most of what is now Turkmenistan, thereby nearly completing the Russian c ...

*

Geok Tepe Geok Tepe ( tk, Gökdepe) is a city in and the administrative center of Gökdepe District, Ahal province, Turkmenistan, north-west of Ashgabat. The city is built around a former fortress of the Turkmens which bore the same name. The city lies al ...

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Great Game The Great Game is the name for a set of political, diplomatic and military confrontations that occurred through most of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century – involving the rivalry of the British Empire and the Russian Empi ...

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Panjdeh incident The Panjdeh Incident (known in Russian historiography as the Battle of Kushka) was an armed engagement between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire in 1885 that led to a diplomatic crisis between the British Empire and the Russian ...

* Russian conquest of Central Asia *

Russian Turkestan Russian Turkestan (russian: Русский Туркестан, Russkiy Turkestan) was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire’s Central Asian territories, and was administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship. It comprised the ...

Pre-Modern

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Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (short BMAC) or Oxus Civilization, recently dated to c. 2250–1700 BC,Lyonnet, Bertille, and Nadezhda A. Dubova, (2020b)"Questioning the Oxus Civilization or Bactria- Margiana Archaeological Cultu ...

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Chagatai Khanate The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus ( xng, , translit=Čaɣatay-yin Ulus; mn, Цагаадайн улс, translit=Tsagaadain Uls; chg, , translit=Čağatāy Ulusi; fa, , translit=Xânât-e Joghatây) was a Mongol and later Turkicized kh ...

* Dayahatyn *

Dahae The Dahae, also known as the Daae, Dahas or Dahaeans (Old Persian: ; Ancient Greek: , , , ; Latin: ; Chinese: ; Persian: ) were an ancient Eastern Iranian nomadic tribal confederation, who inhabited the steppes of Central Asia. Ident ...

* Göktürks *

Great Seljuk Empire The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. It spanned a total area of from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to t ...

* Harzemshah Sultanate *

Hyrcania Hyrcania () ( el, ''Hyrkania'', Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 ''Varkâna'',Lendering (1996) Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 ''Gurgān'', Akkadian: ''Urqananu'') is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian ...

* Khanate of Bukhara * Khanate of Khiva *

Khwarazm Khwarazm (; Old Persian: ''Hwârazmiya''; fa, خوارزم, ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the ea ...

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Konye-Urgench Konye-Urgench ( tk, Köneürgenç / Көнеүргенч; fa, کهنه گرگانج, ''Kuhna Gurgānj'', literally "Old Gurgānj"), also known as Old Urgench or Urganj, is a city of about 30,000 inhabitants in north Turkmenistan, just south fro ...

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Margiana Margiana ( el, ''Margianḗ'', Old Persian: ''Marguš'', Middle Persian: ''Marv'') is a historical region centred on the oasis of Merv and was a minor satrapy within the Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, and a province within its successors, the Se ...

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Merv Merv ( tk, Merw, ', مرو; fa, مرو, ''Marv''), also known as the Merve Oasis, formerly known as Alexandria ( grc-gre, Ἀλεξάνδρεια), Antiochia in Margiana ( grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐν τῇ Μαργιανῇ) and ...

*

Nisa, Turkmenistan Nisa ( grc, Νῖσος and Νίσα and Νίσαιον; also Parthaunisa, tk, Nusaý) was an ancient settlement of the Parthians, located near thBagyr neighborhoodof Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 18 km west of the city center. Nisa is describe ...

* Oghuz Turks *

Parni The Parni (; grc, Πάρνοι, ''Parnoi'') or Aparni (; Ἄπαρνοι, ''Aparnoi'') were an East Iranian people who lived around the Ochus ( grc, Ὧχος ''Okhos'') ( Tejen) River, southeast of the Caspian Sea. It is believed that their o ...

* Silk Road *

Togolok Togolok is an archaeological site in the Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan, located about 10–15 km south of Gonur (or about 40 km north of Mary, Turkmenistan). Togolok 21 is an Indo-Iranian temple and fortress dated to the first half ...

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Yaz culture The Yaz culture (named after the type site Yaz-Tappe, Yaz Tepe, or Yaz Depe, near Baýramaly, Turkmenistan) was an early Iron Age culture of Margiana, Bactria and Sogdia (ca. 1500–500 BC, or ca. 1500–330 BC). It emerges at the top of late Bro ...

Museums

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Ashgabat National Museum of History The Ashgabat National Museum of History is a history museum in Ashgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan. It contains over 500,000 exhibits particularly archaeological and ethnographical finds throughout the country including rare works of ancient ...

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Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex (People's Memory) is a memorial complex to the honor of those killed in the Battle of Geok Tepe in 1881, in World War II, and in the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake. It is in the southwestern part of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan ...

* Mary Museum *

The State Museum of the State Cultural Center of Turkmenistan The State Museum of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Muzeýi), also known as the Saparmurat Turkmenbashi Museum, is a museum in Turkmenistan. The museum was opened on 12 November 1998.Museum Guidebook, Saparamyrat Türkmenbaşy adyn ...

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Turkmen Carpet Museum The Turkmen Carpet Museum or the National Carpet Museum is a national museum, situated on 5 Gorogly Street in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The museum opened on 24 October 1994. It has the largest collection of Turkmen carpets of any museum. It has ...

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Turkmen Museum of Fine Arts The Museum of Fine Arts is an art museum in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It was founded in 1927 by Russian sculptor A.A Karelin and in 1939 it attained the status of the Museum of Fine Arts. The museum has more than 6,000 works in its collection, inclu ...

Law

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Capital punishment in Turkmenistan Capital punishment in Turkmenistan was originally allowed by Article 20 of the 1992 Constitution, where it was described as "an exceptional punishment for the heaviest of crimes". In December 1999, a presidential decree abolished capital punishmen ...

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Constitution of Turkmenistan The Constitution of Turkmenistan adopted on 18 May 1992 is the supreme law of Turkmenistan (Article 5). In its preamble, the Constitution emphasizes self-determination for the Turkmen people, as well as the rule of law and rights for citizens. ( ...

* Corruption in Turkmenistan *

Human rights in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's human rights record has been heavily criticized by various countries and scholars worldwide. Standards in education and health declined markedly during the rule of President Saparmurat Niyazov. Since December 2006, under the Gove ...

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Human trafficking in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a source country for women subjected to human trafficking, specifically forced prostitution and for men in forced labor. Women from Turkmenistan are subjected to forced prostitution in Turkey. Men and women from Turkmenistan are su ...

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Law enforcement in Turkmenistan Law enforcement in Turkmenistan is carried out by the Interior Ministry and the Ministry of National Security (KNB). The Interior Ministry commands the 25,000 personnel of the national police force directly, while the KNB deals with intelligence ...

*

LGBT rights in Turkmenistan Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Turkmenistan face active discrimination and stigmatization compared to non-LGBT residents. Turkmenistan is one of the only three post-Soviet countries where male homosexual activity rema ...

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Polygamy in Turkmenistan Polygamy is prohibited by law in Turkmenistan and legal framework does not provide for polygamous marriages under civil law nor customary law. Despite such illegalities, there have been a handful of debates,http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/archive/art ...

* Prostitution in Turkmenistan * Supreme Court of Turkmenistan * Turkmen nationality law

Modern Turkmenistan

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Communications in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. Turkmenistan's telecommunications services are considered to be the least developed of all the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS) countries. Overall, the telecom ...

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Foreign relations of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1995. Former President Niyazov stated that the neutrality would prevent Turkmenistan from participating in multi-national defense organizations, ...

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International organization membership of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1995. Former President Niyazov stated that the neutrality would prevent Turkmenistan from participating in multi-national defense organizations, ...

*

List of airports in Turkmenistan This is a list of airports in Turkmenistan, sorted by location. Airports There was also previously a Soviet Air Force base at Mary-2.Military of Turkmenistan The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Ýaragly Güýçleri), known informally as the Turkmen National Army () is the national military of Turkmenistan. It consists of the Ground Forces, the Air Force and Air Defense Forces, N ...

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Public holidays in Turkmenistan Public Holidays in Turkmenistan are laid out in the Constitution of Turkmenistan, It acts as a list of nationally recognized public holidays in the country. Main public holidays * New Year's Day (January 1) * International Women's Day (March 8) ...

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Red Crescent Society of Turkmenistan The Red Crescent Society of Turkmenistan was established in 1926 and it has its headquarters in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. External linksOfficial website Medical and health organizations based in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( o ...

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Scouting in Turkmenistan There is no formal Scouting organization yet in Turkmenistan, due to the Politics of Turkmenistan, political situation and because Turkmenistan refuses to join any organization because of its "status of Neutrality Arch, permanent neutrality," whic ...

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Turkmenistan Airlines OJSC Turkmenistan Airlines ( tk, «Türkmenistan» awiakompaniýasy açyk görnüşli paýdarlar jemgyýeti, commonly known as Türkmenhowaýollary) is the flag carrier and only airline of Turkmenistan, headquartered in Ashgabat. It operates d ...

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Transport in Turkmenistan Transport in Turkmenistan includes roadways, railways, airways, seaways, and waterways, as well as oil-, gas-, and water pipelines. Road-, rail-, and waterway transport fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Communications. Du ...

* Women in Turkmenistan

Architectural Monuments

* Archabil Hotel Ashgabat * Amu Darya Pipeline Bridge *

Ashgabat Cable Car Ashgabat Cable Car (russian: Подвесная канатная дорога) is a cableway between Ashgabat and the foothills of the Kopetdag. It is the first and only cable car in Turkmenistan. Construction was finished on 18 October 2006. ...

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Ashgabat Flagpole The Ashgabat Flagpole ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Baş Baýdagy, lit='Main flag of Turkmenistan') is a flagpole in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It is tall, making it the 4th tallest free–standing and 5th tallest flagpole in the world. It was erected on ...

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Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex (People's Memory) is a memorial complex to the honor of those killed in the Battle of Geok Tepe in 1881, in World War II, and in the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake. It is in the southwestern part of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan ...

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Independence Monument, Ashgabat The "Independence Monument" is a monument located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The design of this building was inspired by traditional Turkmen tents and the traditional headgear worn by Turkmen girls. Elements of the building commemorate the in ...

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List of tallest structures in Turkmenistan This is a list of the tallest structures in Turkmenistan. This list contains all tower, buildings and other structures in Turkmenistan based on standard height. Tallest structures This list ranks the structures in Turkmenistan that stand at leas ...

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Monument to the Constitution Monument to the Turkmenistan Constitution ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Konstitusiýa binasy) is a monument located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Its height of 185 meters makes it the second-tallest building in Turkmenistan. The monument is decorated with ...

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Neutrality Monument Monument of Neutrality ( tk, Bitaraplyk arkasy) is a monument originally located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. In 2010, it was moved to the suburbs. The three-legged arch, which became known locally as "The Tripod", was tall and was built in 1998 ...

* Paýtagt Shopping Center *

Ruhyýet Palace Rukhiyet Palace ( tk, Ruhyýet köşgi/Рухыет көшги) is a palace in the capital city of Asgabat in Turkmenistan. The palace holds official state events, forums, meetings, and inaugurations. The palace was built by the French company ...

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Turkmenistan Tower The Turkmenistan Tower ( Turkmen: ''«Türkmenistan» teleradio merkezi'') is a communications and observation tower in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It was completed in 2011. At , the tower is the tallest structure in Turkmenistan. History Constructi ...

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Yyldyz Hotel Yyldyz Hotel ( tk, Ýyldyz oteli) is a luxury hotel located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Built in 2013 by Bouygues, it has 155 rooms. It is a 24 story hotel, with a height of 107 meters. Design and construction In the construction of high-r ...

Parks

Ashgabat (park) -

Ashgabat Botanical Garden The Ashgabat Botanical Garden in Ashgabat is the oldest botanical garden in Turkmenistan. The name Ashgabat literally means "city of love or city of devotion." Turkmenistan is found in the Central Asia. It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest ...

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Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex (People's Memory) is a memorial complex to the honor of those killed in the Battle of Geok Tepe in 1881, in World War II, and in the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake. It is in the southwestern part of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan ...

- Inspiration Park

People

* Han Ahmedow * Batyr Amanov *

Gurbannazar Ashirov Gurbannazar Ashyrov, Gurbannazar Ashirov, or Kurbannazar Ashirov ( tk, links=no, Gurbannazar aşyrow, Гурбанназар Ашыров; rus, links=no, Курбанназар Аширов or Гурбанназар Аширов; born 1974), is ...

* Ovezgeldy Atayev *

Aksoltan Ataýewa Aksoltan Töräýewna Ataýewa (born 6 November 1944) is a Turkmen politician who has served as the permanent representative of Turkmenistan to the United Nations since 23 February 1995. As of 2019, she is the most senior permanent representati ...

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Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957), also known as Arkadag (Cyrillic: Аркадаг, "protector"), is a Turkmen politician who served as the second president of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2022. A dentist by profe ...

* Serdar Berdimuhamedow * Shamuhammet Durdylyyev *

Ovezmurat Dykma-Serdar Ovezmurat Dykma-Serdar (Russian: Овезмурад ДЫКМА СЕРДАР) (born 1825, died 1882/84?) was a Teke Turkmen tribal leader in the second half of the 19th century. Originating from the Akhal region, the young Ovezmurat led armed raids ...

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Gurbansoltan Eje Gurbansoltan Eje ("Mother of Gurbansoltan"; born 1913 in Gypjak, Turkmenistan; died 6 October 1948 in Ashgabat during the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake) was the mother of Turkmenistan's first post-Soviet president Saparmurat Niyazov ("Türkmenbaşy") ...

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Muhammetnazar Gapurow Muhammetnazar Gapuroviç Gapurov (Turkmen Cyrillic: Мухамметназар Гапурович Гапуров; rus, links=no, Мухамметназар Капурович Капуров, Mukhammetnazar Kapurovich Kapurov; 15 February 192213 ...

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Nury Halmammedov Nurmammet Halmammedovich Halmammedov ( tk, links=no, Nurmämmet Halmämmedowiç Halmämmedow; rus, links=no, Нурмаммед Халмамметович Халмамметов, Nurmammed Khalmammetovich Khalmammetov; 20 June 1938– 4 August 1 ...

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Nurmuhammet Hanamow Nurmuhammet Çaryýewiç Hanamow (Russian: Нурмухаммед Чарыевич Ханамов, ''Nurmukhammed Charievich Khanamov'', born 1 January 1945 in Tejen, Ashkhabad Oblast, Turkmen SSR) is a Turkmen politician. Although he served as t ...

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Yagshygeldi Kakayev Yagshygeldi Ilyasovich Kakayev ( tk, Ýagşygeldi Ilýasowiç Kakaýew; rus, links=no, Ягшигельды Эльясович Какаев, Yagshigel'dy El'yasovich Kakayev; 1959–8 July 2020) was a Turkmen politician and energy executive. He w ...

* Berdi Kerbabayev *

Aleksey Kuropatkin Aleksey Nikolayevich Kuropatkin (russian: Алексе́й Никола́евич Куропа́ткин; March 29, 1848January 16, 1925) served as the Russian Imperial Minister of War from January 1898 to February 1904 and as a field command ...

* Gülşat Mämmedowa * Raşit Meredow * Shemseddin Mervezi *

Isgender Mulikov Isgender Handurdiyevich Mulikov (, Исгендер Xaндурдыевич Mүликов) is a Turkmen politician who was Minister of Internal Affairs from 2009 to 2019. Biography Mulikov was born in the city of Ashgabat in 1975. In 1996, he grad ...

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Atamyrat Niyazov Atamyrat Niyazov (; born 1912 in Gypjak, Transcaspian Oblast, Russian Empire; died 24 December 1942 in Chikola, North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union) was a soldier in the Red Army during World War II from the Soviet ...

* Saparmurat Niyazov *

Akja Nurberdiýewa Akja Tajiyevna Nurberdiyeva or Akja Täjiýewna Nurberdiýewa (born 1957) is a Turkmen politician who has served as the Chairperson of the Assembly of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2018. She replaced Öwezgeldi Ataýew Öwezgeldi Ataýew ( rus, links ...

* Esenmyrat Orazgeldiyev *

Danatar Ovezov Dangatar Ovezov ( tk, Daňatar Öwezow; rus, links=no, Дангатар Овезов; 1 January 1911 – 5 May 1966), also known as Danatar Ovezov ( tk, Danatar Öwezow; rus, links=no, Данатар Овезов), was a Turkmen composer. Bio ...

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Pavel Poltoratskiy Pavel Gerasimovich Poltoratskiy (c. 1888, Novocherkassk – 21 July 1918) ( rus, Павел Герасимович Полторацкий) was a Bolshevik revolutionary. He served as People's Commissar for Labor in the early Turkmen Soviet Sociali ...

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Magtymguly Pyragy Magtymguly Pyragy ( fa, ''Makhdumqoli Farāghi''; tk, Magtymguly Pyragy; ; tr, Mahtumkulu Firaki; , born Magtymguly, was a Turkmen spiritual leader, philosophical poet, Sufi and traveller who is considered to be the most famous figure in ...

* Medeniyet Shahberdiyeva *

Mikhail Skobelev Mikhail Dmitriyevich Skobelev (russian: Михаил Дмитриевич Скобелев; 29 September 1843 – 7 July 1882), a Russian general, became famous for his conquest of Central Asia and for his heroism during the Russo-Turkish War ...

Politics

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Agrarian Party of Turkmenistan The Agrarian Party of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň agrar partiýasy) is an officially registered political party in Turkmenistan, founded on September 28, 2014. One of the three officially registered political parties legally existing in ...

* Assembly of Turkmenistan * Corruption in Turkmenistan *

Democratic Party of Turkmenistan ) , colours = Green Gold , seats1_title = Seats in the Assembly of Turkmenistan , seats1 = , colors = Green Gold , website tdp.gov.tm The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Demokratik Partiýasy; ; TDP) has been the ...

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Elections in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan elects on national level a head of state — the president — and a legislature. The elections in Turkmenistan since its split from the Soviet Union have been widely criticized for being completely fraudulent and attempting to give ...

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Foreign relations of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1995. Former President Niyazov stated that the neutrality would prevent Turkmenistan from participating in multi-national defense organizations, ...

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Human rights in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's human rights record has been heavily criticized by various countries and scholars worldwide. Standards in education and health declined markedly during the rule of President Saparmurat Niyazov. Since December 2006, under the Gove ...

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International organization membership of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1995. Former President Niyazov stated that the neutrality would prevent Turkmenistan from participating in multi-national defense organizations, ...

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List of diplomatic missions in Turkmenistan This is a list of diplomatic missions in Turkmenistan. At present, the capital city, Ashgabat, hosts 32 embassies and 6 other missions with diplomatic status, including one bilateral mission, two international financial institutions, and three m ...

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List of diplomatic missions of Turkmenistan This is a list of diplomatic missions of Turkmenistan, excluding honorary consulates. The country has established diplomatic relations with 151 states. The country currently maintains 40 representative offices in 30 different countries and territ ...

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National Council of Turkmenistan The National Council of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Milli Geňeşi) was Turkmenistan's bicameral national legislative body or parliament from March 2021 until January 2023. The upper chamber was the People's Council () and the lower ...

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People's Council of Turkmenistan The People's Council of Turkmenistan ( tk, Halk Maslahaty, ɑlq mɑθlɑxɑt̪ɯ "People's Council") is the upper chamber of Turkmenistan's Parliament, the " National Council" ( tk, Milli Geňeş). It consists of 56 members, 48 elected from th ...

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Politics of Turkmenistan The politics of Turkmenistan takes place in the framework of a presidential system, presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is both head of state and head of government. However, no true opposition parties are allowed; every ...

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President of Turkmenistan The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme c ...

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Republican Party of Turkmenistan The Republican Party of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Respublikan partiýasy) is one of several dissident political parties that have been outlawed within Turkmenistan. Leaders of the exile-based RPT include Nurmuhammet Hanamow who went int ...

*''

Ruhnama The Ruhnama, or Rukhnama, translated in English as Book of the Soul, is a two volume work written by Saparmurat Niyazov, the President of Turkmenistan from 1990 to 2006. It was intended to serve as a tool of state propaganda, emphasizing the ba ...

'' * Supreme Court of Turkmenistan * Turkmenistan parliamentary election, 2008–2009 *

Turkmenistan presidential election, 2007 Presidential elections were held in Turkmenistan on 11 February 2007, following the death of president-for-life Saparmurat Niyazov on 21 December 2006. Election date After Niyazov's death on December 21, 2006, Acting President Gurbanguly Berdim ...

* 2018 Turkmen parliamentary election * 2021 Turkmen People's Council election

Religion

* Bahá'í Faith in Turkmenistan *

Catholic Church in Turkmenistan The Catholic Church in Turkmenistan is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. History All Catholic infrastructure in the country was destroyed by Soviet revolutionaries in the 1920s. In 1997 a ...

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Chapel of the Transfiguration, Ashgabat The Chapel of the Transfiguration or the Chapel of the Transfiguration of the Lord, is a religious building that is part of the Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See in the city of Ashkhabad, the capital of the Asian country of Turkmenistan. The ...

* Christianity in Turkmenistan *

Eastern Orthodoxy in Turkmenistan Eastern Orthodoxy in Turkmenistan is a major proportion of Christianity in Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan has a Islam, Muslim majority. The Eastern Orthodox Christians are about 5% of the population. Russian Orthodox Church in Turkmenistan The Russ ...

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Islam in Turkmenistan According to a 2009 Pew Research Center report, 93.1% of Turkmenistan's population is Muslim. Traditionally, the Turkmen of Turkmenistan, like their kin in Uzbekistan are Sunni Muslims. Shia Muslims, the other main branch of Islam, are not numer ...

* List of mosques in Turkmenistan * Pokrovskaya Church * Protestantism in Turkmenistan *

Religion in Turkmenistan The Turkmen of Turkmenistan, like their kin in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran are predominantly Muslims. According the U.S. Department of State's ''International Religious Freedom Report'' for 2019,According to U.S. government estimates, the ...

*''

Ruhnama The Ruhnama, or Rukhnama, translated in English as Book of the Soul, is a two volume work written by Saparmurat Niyazov, the President of Turkmenistan from 1990 to 2006. It was intended to serve as a tool of state propaganda, emphasizing the ba ...

'' *

St. Alexander Nevsky Church, Ashgabat The St. Alexander Nevsky Church (russian: Храм Александра Невского) is a Russian Orthodox church in the city of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It is directed by Archpriest Ioann Kopach. The church is cruciform and constructed of fir ...

Major mosques

* Daşoguz Mosque * Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque * Gurbanguly Hajji Mosque * Hazret Omar Mosque * Lebap Region Mosque *

Saparmurat Hajji Mosque The Saparmurat Hajji ( tk, Saparmyrat Hajy metjidi) is a mosque in Gökdepe, Turkmenistan. Commissioned in memory of the defenders of Gökdepe Fortress, it was built between 1994 and 1995, during the presidency of President Saparmurat Niyazov. Th ...

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Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque or Gypjak Mosque ( tk, Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Metjidi / Tүркменбaшы Рухы Mетҗиди) is a mosque in Gypjak, Turkmenistan and the resting place for Saparmurat Niyazov, the leader of Turkmenistan from 1985 to 2006 ...

Sports

* Ahmet Ataýew * Ashgabat Stadium *

Ashgabat Indoor Tennis Arena The Ashgabat indoor tennis arena (Aşgabat tennis toplumy) is a tennis complex in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The complex is the host of the annual 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games. The stadium court has a capacity of 4,000 people. General ...

* Ashgabat Main Indoor Arena *

Ashgabat Velodrome The Ashgabat Sports Complex Velodrome ( Turkmen ''Welotrek Sport Toplumy'') is a velodrome constructed in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It was built by Turkish construction company Polimeks for the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games. The track is 2 ...

* Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games *

List of Turkmenistan records in Olympic weightlifting The following are the national records in Olympic weightlifting in Turkmenistan. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch (weightlifting), snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts by the Weightlilfting Feder ...

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Nusaý Stadium Nusaý Stadium ( tk, Nusaý stadiony; formerly Nisa-Chandybil Stadium) is a stadium in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home for FC Aşgabat and training of the Turkmenistan national footb ...

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Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium ( tk, Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky Olimpiýa Stadiony) is a multi-purpose stadium in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, that stood on the site now occupied by the new Olympic Stadium, built between 2013 and 2017. ...

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Scouting in Turkmenistan There is no formal Scouting organization yet in Turkmenistan, due to the Politics of Turkmenistan, political situation and because Turkmenistan refuses to join any organization because of its "status of Neutrality Arch, permanent neutrality," whic ...

* Turkmenistan at the Deaflympics *

Turkmenistan at the Youth Olympics Turkmenistan has participated every edition at the Summer Youth Olympic Games since the inaugural 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, 2010 Games and they participated the first time at the Winter Youth Olympic Games on 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, 2020 Gam ...

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Turkmenistan Cup The Turkmenistan Cup ( tk, Türkmenistanyň Kubogy) is an annually held football tournament for Turkmen football clubs, known as one of the most important national tournaments. The cup has been contested since 1993. The competition's most su ...

* Turkmenistan Higher League *

Turkmenistan national football team The Turkmenistan national football team ( tk, Türkmenistanyň milli futbol ýygyndysy) represents Turkmenistan in men's international football and it is controlled by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan, the governing body for football in ...

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Turkmenistan Super Cup The Turkmenistan Super Cup ( Turkmen: ''Türkmenistanyň Naýbaşy Kubogy'') is an annual one-match association football competition in Turkmenistan organized by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan. This competition serves as the season opener ...

General

Culture

Literature

Mass Media

Music

Demographics

Economy

Natural gas fields

Natural gas pipelines

Transportation

Education and science

Archeological sites

Libraries

Schools

Paleontology

Universities

Environment

Ecoregions

Fauna

''Wildlife''

''Canines''

''Equines''

Flora

Geography

Natural features

''Mountains''

''Nature reserves''

''Sanctuaries''

''Waterways''

Municipalities

''Cities''

''Districts''

''Provinces''

''Towns''

''Villages''

Government

Military and Security

Health

History

Independent Turkmenistan

Soviet Turkmenistan

Russian Empire

Pre-Modern

Museums

Law

Modern Turkmenistan

Architectural Monuments

Parks

People

Politics

Religion

Major mosques

Sports

See also