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Jebel, Turkmenistan
Jebel (russian: Джебел, russian: Dzhebel, Cyrillic tk, Җебел) is a town in Balkan Province, Turkmenistan, that is subordinate to the city of Balkanabat. It is the nearest municipality of any size to the Mollagara Sanitorium, which is four kilometers distant. Etymology Jebel means "mountain" in Arabic, and refers in this case to a nearby peak in the Balkhan Range. Economy Jebel serves as a support and logistics center for oil extraction operations in Balkan Province, particularly on the Cheleken Peninsula. It is also a center for mining and milling of table salt. In 2008 a kaolin plant was opened in Jebel. In 2011 Turkish Polimeks built Turkmenistan's largest cement plant in Jebel, capable of producing one million tons of cement per year. In 2014 a plant was opened for packaging medicinal mud and sea salt. Archeological site Four kilometers east of the Jebel train station in the Greater Balkhan range is the Jebel cave, in which A.P. Okladnikov found in 1949-1950 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regions Of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is divided into five regions or ''welaýatlar'' (singular '' welaýat'') and one capital city (''şäher'') with provincial legal status. They are Ahal, Balkan, Dashoguz, Lebap and Mary, plus the capital city of Ashgabat. Each province is divided into districts. As of 20 December 2022 there were 37 districts ( tk, etraplar, singular etrap), 49 cities ( tk, şäherler, singular şäher), including 7 cities with district status ( tk, etrap hukukly), 68 towns ( tk, şäherçeler, singular şäherçe), 469 rural councils (rural municipal units, tk, geňeşlikler, singular geňeşlik) and 1690 villages (rural settlements tk, oba ilatly ýerler) in Turkmenistan. Capital city The capital city of Turkmenistan is Ashgabat, which is an administrative and territorial unit with provincial authorities. ''See also'Map of the Boroughs of Ashgabat As of January 5, 2018, Ashgabat includes four boroughs (''uly etraplar''), each with a presidentially appointed mayor ( tk, häkim) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cave Of Dzhebel
The Cave of Dzhebel is an archeological site near the Krasnovodsk Gulf of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan. First explored by Alexey Okladnikov in 1949 and 1950, the site revealed Mesolithic, Neolithic and early Bronze Age artefacts. According to Bernard Sergent, the lithic assemblage of the first Kurgan culture in Ukraine (Sredni Stog II), which originated from the Volga and South Urals, recalls that of the Mesolithic-Neolithic sites to the east of the Caspian sea, Dam Dam Chesme II and the cave of Dzhebel. According to Sergent, the Dzhebel material is related to a Paleolithic material of Northwestern Iran Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan ( fa, آذربایجان, ''Āzarbāijān'' ; az-Arab, آذربایجان, ''Āzerbāyjān'' ), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan ..., the Zarzian culture, dated 10,000-8,500 BC, and in the more ancient Kebarian of the Near East.Bernard Sergent (1995), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashgabat
Ashgabat or Asgabat ( tk, Aşgabat, ; fa, عشقآباد, translit='Ešqābād, formerly named Poltoratsk ( rus, Полтора́цк, p=pəltɐˈratsk) between 1919 and 1927), is the capital and the largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies between the Karakum Desert and the Kopetdag mountain range in Central Asia, near the Iran-Turkmenistan border. The city was founded in 1881 on the basis of an Ahal Teke tribal village, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924. Much of the city was destroyed by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, but has since been extensively rebuilt under the rule of Saparmurat Niyazov's "White City" urban renewal project, resulting in monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble. The Soviet-era Karakum Canal runs through the city, carrying waters from the Amu Darya from east to west. Since 2019, the city has been recognized as having one of the highest costs of living in the world largely due to Turkmenistan's inflation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan
Türkmenbaşy ( Turkmen Cyrillic: Түркменбашы, Turkmen Arabic; توركمنباشی, also spelled Turkmenbashi, a back-formation of the Cyrillic Түркменбаши), formerly known as Krasnovodsk (russian: Красноводск), Kyzyl-Su, and Shagadam ( tk, Şagadam), is a city in Balkan Province in Turkmenistan, on the Türkmenbaşy Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It sits at an elevation of . The population (est 2004) was 86,800, mostly ethnic Turkmens but also Russian, Armenian and Azeri minorities. As the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railway and site of a major seaport on the Caspian, it is an important transportation center. The city is also the site of Turkmenistan's largest oil refining complex. This city should not be confused with the similarly named town of Türkmenbaşy ( tk, Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi), formerly called Janga (russian: Джанга, Cyrillic tk, Җанга), also in Balkan Province, or the city of Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky in Daş ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M37 Highway (Turkmenistan)
The M37 highway is a highway in Turkmenistan. It is the Turkmenistan section of the European route E60 and Asian Highway AH5, which connects Brest, France to Irkeshtam, Kyrgyzstan on the border with the People's Republic of China. It connects most of the major cities in the country from Türkmenbaşy on the Caspian Sea on the west coast to Bukhara, Uzbekistan. From Türkmenbaşy the highway proceeds east, passing through Jebel, Balkanabat, Gumdag, Bereket, Gyzylarbat, Bäherden, Gokdepe, Ashgabat, Gämi, Anew, Artyk, Kaka, Dushak, Tejen, Hanhowuz Reservoir, Mary, Bayramaly, crosses the Karakum Canal, proceeding north into the Karakum Desert of the Repetek Nature Reserve, passing Bagtyýarlyk şäherçesi, Turkmenabat, Farap, before crossing the Amu Darya and into Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system proposed in 1836 by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen for classifying and studying ancient societies and history. An ancient civilization is deemed to be part of the Bronze Age because it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze is harder and more durable than the other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage. While terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, the higher temperature required for smelting, , in addition to the greater difficulty of working with the metal, placed it out of reach of common use until the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world. This "Neolithic package" included the introduction of farming, domestication of animals, and change from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settlement. It began about 12,000 years ago when farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the world. The Neolithic lasted in the Near East until the transitional period of the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) from about 6,500 years ago (4500 BC), marked by the development of metallurgy, leading up to the Bronze Age and Iron Age. In other places the Neolithic followed the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and then lasted until later. In Ancient Egypt, the Neolithic lasted until the Protodynastic period, 3150 BC.Karin Sowada and Peter Grave. Egypt in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesolithic
The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, ''mesos'' 'middle' + λίθος, ''lithos'' 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic. The term Epipaleolithic is often used synonymously, especially for outside northern Europe, and for the corresponding period in the Levant and Caucasus. The Mesolithic has different time spans in different parts of Eurasia. It refers to the final period of hunter-gatherer cultures in Europe and Western Asia, between the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and the Neolithic Revolution. In Europe it spans roughly 15,000 to 5,000 BP; in Southwest Asia (the Epipalaeolithic Near East) roughly 20,000 to 10,000 BP. The term is less used of areas farther east, and not at all beyond Eurasia and North Africa. The type of culture associated with the Mesolithic varies between areas, but it is associated with a decline in the group hunting of large animals in favour of a broader hunter-g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polimeks
Polimeks İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. is a Turkish holding company based in Istanbul. Polimeks, established in 1995 and grew to become one of the world’s leading construction companies, in recent years transformed into a global investment holding with activities in tourism, real estate, and renewable energy sectors. Polimeks primarily operates in Turkey, Russia and The Netherlands. History In January 2013, the company received a contract to build the Ashgabat International Airport. Costing $2.1 billion in labor and operations, this is the largest construction project a Turkish firm has done abroad. In 2007 in Moscow, the company built the first Ritz-Carlton hotel in Russia, on the site of the demolished high-rise hotel Intourist, on Tverskaya Street. In Turkey, the company built a hotel in Eskişehir and a paper mill in Kazakhstan. According to the American magazine ''Engineering News-Record'', Polimeks occupied 62nd place in the 2015 ranking of "225 Largest International Cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan Province
Balkan Region ( tk, Balkan welaýaty, Балкан велаяты) is the westernmost of the five regions of Turkmenistan. Clockwise from north it borders Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (north); two provinces of Turkmenistan (east), Iran (south), and the Caspian Sea (west). The capital city is Balkanabat, formerly known as Nebit Dag. The region's boundaries are identical to those of the former ''Krasnovodsk Oblast' '', a Soviet-era province of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. This oblast was liquidated and restored repeatedly in the 20th century, concluding with its abolition in 1988. However, the administrative boundaries of the region were restored in 1991 when Balkan Region was established. The province covers 139,270 square kilometers and counts 553,500 residents (2005 estimate). A large minority of these are nomadic herding families.''Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan 2000-2004'', National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2005. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheleken Peninsula
The Cheleken Peninsula (russian: Челекен полуостров) is a peninsula located in western Turkmenistan, in the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea. The city of Hazar, former Cheleken, is located in the peninsula, which belongs administratively to Turkmenistan's Balkan Province. Geography The Cheleken Peninsula is about 40 km long and 22 km wide. It borders on the Caspian Sea in the west and with the Türkmenbaşy Gulf (former Krasnovodsk Bay) in the north. The peninsula has a continental dry climate with a precipitation of 150 mm/year. The area is desert and the central part is elevated terrain averaging 100 m elevation, with 25 m high cliffs in the central part of the western shore, while the eastern shore is low and sandy. The Peninsula has two spits or bars at the end running meridionally from north to south; the northern or right spit is also known as the Kafaldja Peninsula, while the southern or left spit running towards Ogurja Ada (Ogurchinsky Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uly Balkan
The Uly Balkan, also known as the ''Great Balkan Range'' is a mountain range in Turkmenistan. The highest summit is Mount Arlan Mount Arlan (''Uly Balkan Gerşi'') is an peak in the western plains of Turkmenistan in Balkan Province. Mount Arlan stands about 2,000 metres above the shore of the below-sea level Caspian Sea. It is the highest point of the Balkan Daglary ... at . References {{reflist Mountain ranges of Asia Mountains of Turkmenistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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