One of the modern

systems of plant taxonomy A system is a group of Interaction, interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment (systems), environment, is described by its boundaries, ...

, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren in 1975 and revised in 1977, and 1980. However, he is best known for his two treatises on monocotyledons in 1982 and revised in 1985. His wife Gertrud Dahlgren continued the work after his death. Dahlgren ranked the dicotyledons and monocotyledons as

subclasses Subclass may refer to: * Subclass (taxonomy), a taxonomic rank below "class" * Subclass (computer science) * Subclass (set theory) See also * Superclass {{disambiguation ...

of the class of flowering plants ( angiosperms) and further divided them into superorders. Originally (1975) he used the

suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry ...

''-anae'', as did Cronquist, to designate these, but in 1980 changed this to ''-florae'' in accordance with Thorne. In the 1989 revision, published by his wife, the alternate names Magnoliidae and Liliidae were dropped in favour of Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon, and the suffix ''-florae'' reverted to ''-anae'' (''e.g.'' Alismatanae for Alismatiflorae). Reveal provides an extensive listing of Dahlgren's classification.JL Reveal:Dahlgren System of Angiosperm Classification 1997
/ref> (Note the synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system.)

1980 system

Summary

* Class Magnoliopsida (flowering plants (

Angiospermae Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

or Magnoliophyta) *: Subclass Magnoliidae (dicotyledons) 24 superorders **: Superorder Magnoliiflorae **: Superorder Nymphaeiflorae **: Superorder Ranunculiflorae **: Superorder Caryophylliflorae **: Superorder Polygoniflorae **: Superorder

Malviflorae The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and ...

**: Superorder

Violiflorae Violales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae; it was proposed by Lindley (1853). The name has been used in several systems, although some systems used the name Parietales fo ...

**: Superorder

Theiflorae Theales is a botanical name at the rank of order. Early classifications such as that of Dahlgren placed the Theales in the superorder Theiflorae (also called Theanae). The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dille ...

**: Superorder

Primuliflorae {{Unreferenced, date=December 2009 Primulales was an order of flowering plants. This order was recognized in several systems with little variation in circumscription (see Bentham & Hooker, Engler and Wettstein system). In the classification syst ...

**: Superorder

Rosiflorae Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Fagal ...

**: Superorder

Podostemiflorae Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. Distribution and habitat They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Ma ...

**: Superorder

Fabiflorae The Fabales are an order of flowering plants included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including ...

**: Superorder

Proteiflorae Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists. The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...

**: Superorder

Myrtiflorae The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014. The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eur ...

**: Superorder

Rutiflorae Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes it i ...

**: Superorder Santaliflorae **: Superorder Balanophoriflorae **: Superorder Araliiflorae **: Superorder Asteriflorae **: Superorder Solaniflorae **: Superorder Corniflorae **: Superorder Loasiflorae **: Superorder Gentianiflorae **: Superorder Lamiiflorae *: Subclass Liliidae (monocotyledons) 7 superorders **: Superorder

Alismatiflorae The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats. Description The Alismatales compri ...

**: Superorder

Triuridiflorae Triuridales was an order of flower plants that was used in the Cronquist system, in the subclass Alismatidae, with this circumscription: * order Triuridales *: family Petrosaviaceae *: family Triuridaceae In the classification system of Dahl ...

**: Superorder

Ariflorae ''Arales'' is an order of flowering plants. The name was used in the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass ''Arecidae'', circumscribed as (1981): * order ''Arales'' *: family ''Acoraceae'' *: family ''Araceae'' *: family ''Lemnaceae'' ...

**: Superorder

Liliiflorae Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). ...

**: Superorder

Zingiberiflorae The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologi ...

**: Superorder

Commeliniflorae Commelinales is an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of speci ...

**: Superorder

Areciflorae Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. Taxonomy The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogona ...

Magnoliidae (dicotyledons)

*: Subclass Magnoliiflorae *:: Superorder

Magnolianae Magnoliids (or Magnoliidae or Magnolianae) are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of angio ...

*::: Order

Annonales The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants. Classification The Magnoliales include six families: * Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas; mostly tropical but some temperate) * Degeneriaceae (two ...

*:::: Family Annonaceae *:::: Family Myristicaceae *:::: Family Eupomatiaceae *:::: Family Canellaceae *:::: Family Austrobaileyaceae *::: Order

Aristolochiales Aristolochiales is an order of flowering plants. It is not recognised in the APG or APG II systems, in which it is considered a synonym of Piperales. It also is not recognized in the Thorne system. In the Cronquist, Dahlgren, Goldberg and R ...

*:::: Family Aristolochiaceae *::: Order

Rafflesiales Rafflesiales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published by Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription (1981) : * order Raf ...

*:::: Family Rafflesiaceae *:::: Family Hydnoraceae *::: Order Magnoliales *:::: Family Degeneriaceae *:::: Family Himantandraceae *:::: Family Magnoliaceae *::: Order Lactoridales *:::: Family

Lactoridaceae ''Lactoris fernandeziana'' is a flowering shrub endemic (ecology), endemic to the cloud forest of Robinson Crusoe Island, ''Masatierra'' — Robinson Crusoe Island, of the Juan Fernández Islands archipelago of Chile. It is the only extant specie ...

*::: Order

Winterales Canellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is recognized by the most recent classification of flowering plants, the APG IV system. It is defined to contain two families: Canell ...

*:::: Family

Winteraceae Winteraceae is a primitive family of tropical trees and shrubs including 93 species in five genera. It is of particular interest because it is such a primitive angiosperm family, distantly related to Magnoliaceae, though it has a much more south ...

*::: Order

Chloranthales Chloranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (angiosperms), the only family in the order Chloranthales. It is not closely related to any other family of flowering plants, and is among the early-diverging lineages in the angiosperms. They are ...

*:::: Family Chloranthaceae *::: Order

Illiciales Illiciales is an order of flowering plants that is not recognized by the current most widely used system of plant classification, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III system. The order was comprised differently in various systems of plant ...

*:::: Family Illiciaceae *:::: Family Schisandraceae *::: Order

Laurales The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales. The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and ...

*:::: Family Amborellaceae *:::: Family Trimeniaceae *:::: Family Monimiaceae *:::: Family

Gomortegaceae ''Gomortega keule'' (syn. ''G. nitida''; Spanish language, Spanish names ''keule'', ''queule'', and ''hualhual'') is a tree native to Chile. It is the sole species of the genus ''Gomortega'' and, according to the APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged ...

*:::: Family Calycanthaceae *:::: Family

Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...

*::: Order

Nelumbonales ''Nelumbo'' is a genus of aquatic plants with large, showy flowers. Members are commonly called lotus, though the name is also applied to various other plants and plant groups, including the unrelated genus '' Lotus''. Members outwardly resem ...

*:::: Family

Nelumbonaceae Nelumbonaceae is a family of aquatic flowering plants. ''Nelumbo'' is the sole extant genus, containing ''Nelumbo lutea'', native to North America, and ''Nelumbo nucifera'', widespread in Asia. At least four other genera, ''Nelumbites'', ''Exne ...

*:: Superorder Nymphaeiflorae *::: Order Piperales *:::: Family Saururaceae *:::: Family Piperaceae *::: Order Nymphaeales *:::: Family Cabombaceae *:::: Family

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains nine genera with about 70 known species. Water li ...

*:::: Family Ceratophyllaceae *:: Superorder Ranunculiflorae *::: Order Ranunculales *:::: Family Lardizabalaceae *:::: Family Sargentodoxaceae *:::: Family Menispermaceae *:::: Family Kingdoniaceae *:::: Family

Circaeasteraceae Circaeasteraceae is a family of two species of herbaceous plants native to China and the Himalayas. The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), recognizes it and places it ...

*:::: Family Ranunculaceae *:::: Family Hydrastidaceae *:::: Family Berberidaceae *::: Order

Papaverales Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group kno ...

*:::: Family Papaveraceae *:::: Family

Fumariaceae Fumarioideae is a subfamily of the family Papaveraceae (the poppy family). It was formerly treated as a separate family, the Fumariaceae (the fumitory, fumewort or bleeding-heart family). It consists of about 575 species of herbaceous plants in 2 ...

*:: Superorder Caryophylliflorae *::: Order Caryophyllales *:::: Family Molluginaceae *:::: Family Caryophyllaceae *:::: Family

Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unch ...

*:::: Family

Achatocarpaceae The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical Sout ...

*:::: Family Agdestidaceae *:::: Family Basellaceae *:::: Family Portulacaceae *:::: Family

Stegnospermataceae ''Stegnosperma'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of three species of woody plants, native to the Caribbean, Central America, and the Sonoran Desert. These are shrubs or lianas, with anomalous secondary thickening in mature stems, by ...

*:::: Family Nyctaginaceae *:::: Family Aizoaceae *:::: Family

Halophytaceae ''Halophytum ameghinoi'' is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus ''Halophytum''. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solitar ...

*:::: Family Cactaceae *:::: Family Didiereaceae *:::: Family Hectorellaceae *:::: Family Chenopodiaceae *:::: Family Amaranthaceae *:: Superorder Polygoniflorae *::: Order Polygonales *:::: Family Polygonaceae *:: Superorder

*::: Order Malvales *:::: Family Sterculiaceae *:::: Family Plagiopteraceae *:::: Family

Bixaceae The Bixaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants commonly called the achiote family. Under the Cronquist system, the family was traditionally placed in the order Violales. However, newer arrangements move it, with some other families previousl ...

*:::: Family

Cochlospermaceae The Cochlospermaceae were a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs, first described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1847. They have been included in the Bixaceae from the APG III system onwards. The older APG II system treated th ...

*:::: Family Cistaceae *:::: Family

Sphaerosepalaceae The Sphaerosepalaceae are a family of flowering plants including 14 species of trees and shrubs in two genera, '' Dialyceras'' and '' Rhopalocarpus'', all of which are endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially ...

*:::: Family

Sarcolaenaceae The Sarcolaenaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. The family includes 79 species of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs in ten genera. Recent DNA studies indicate that the Sarcolaenaceae are a sibling taxon to the family ...

*:::: Family Huaceae *:::: Family

Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record o ...

*:::: Family

Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...

*:::: Family

Bombacaceae Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus ''Bombax''. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point ...

*:::: Family Malvaceae *::: Order Urticales *:::: Family Ulmaceae *:::: Family Moraceae *:::: Family Cecropiaceae *:::: Family

Barbeyaceae ''Barbeya'' is the only genus in the family Barbeyaceae, and has only one species, ''Barbeya oleoides''. It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant in the transitio ...

*:::: Family Cannabaceae *:::: Family Urticaceae *::: Order Euphorbiales *:::: Family Euphorbiaceae *:::: Family Simmondsiaceae *:::: Family

Pandaceae The family Pandaceae consists of three genera that were formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae. Those are: *''Galearia'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily Acalyphoideae, family Euphorbiaceae) *''Microdesmis'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily ...

*:::: Family

Aextoxicaceae ''Aextoxicon punctatum'', the sole species of genus ''Aextoxicon'' and family Aextoxicaceae, is a dioecious tree native to southern Chile and Argentina. Commonly known as the ''olivillo'' or ''aceitunillo'', it is a large evergreen tree native to ...

*:::: Family Dichapetalaceae *::: Order

Plumbaginales Plumbaginales is an order of flowering plants. The order is recognized by several systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964 and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription is typical ...

*:::: Family Plumbaginaceae *:::: Family Limoniaceae *::: Order Thymelaeales *:::: Family Gonystylaceae *:::: Family Thymelaeaceae *::: Order

Rhamnales The Rhamnales Lindl. are an order of dicotyledon plants in the subclass Rosidae. In the Cronquist system, the following families were placed here: * Family Elaeagnaceae – (Oleaster family) * Family Leeaceae * Family Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family ...

*:::: Family

Rhamnaceae The Rhamnaceae are a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales. The family contains about 55 genera and 950 species. The Rhamnaceae h ...

*:: Superorder

*::: Order Violales *:::: Family Flacourtiaceae *:::: Family

Berberidopsidaceae Berberidopsidaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family has only recently been recognized by more than a few taxonomists: the plants involved have often been treated as belonging to family Flacourtiaceae. The APG II system, of 2003 (un ...

*:::: Family Aphloiaceae *:::: Family

Physenaceae ''Physena'' is the sole genus of the flowering plant family Physenaceae. It contains two species of shrubs and small trees which are endemic to Madagascar. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recognize this ...

*:::: Family

Passifloraceae The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from t ...

*:::: Family

Dipentodontaceae ''Dipentodontaceae'' is a family of flowering plants containing two genera. # ''Dipentodon'' Dunn - southern China, Assam, Myanmar # ''Perrottetia'' Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt - southern China, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, Queensland, Hawaii, Lati ...

*:::: Family Peridiscaceae *:::: Family

Scyphostegiaceae ''Scyphostegia borneensis'' is a species of shrub or small tree endemic to Borneo. This unusual plant is the only species in the genus ''Scyphostegia''. In many taxonomic classifications the genus was placed in its own family, the Scyphostegiacea ...

*:::: Family

Violaceae Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies. Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...

*:::: Family

Turneraceae Turneraceae Kunth ex DC. () is a family of flowering plants consisting of 120 species in 10 genera. The Cronquist system placed the Turneracids in the order Violales, but it is not currently recognized as a family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny ...

*:::: Family Malesherbiaceae *:::: Family

Caricaceae The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are usually short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small to medium-sized trees growi ...

*::: Order Cucurbitales *:::: Family Achariaceae *:::: Family Cucurbitaceae *:::: Family Begoniaceae *:::: Family Datiscaceae *::: Order

Salicales The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly ...

*:::: Family Salicaceae *::: Order Tamaricales *:::: Family Tamaricaceae *:::: Family

Frankeniaceae ''Frankenia'' (sea heath) is the only genus in the Frankeniaceae family of flowering plants. Other genera have been recognized within the family, such as ''Anthobryum'', ''Hypericopsis'' and ''Niederleinia'', but molecular phylogenetic studies ...

*::: Order Capparales *:::: Family Capparaceae *:::: Family Brassicaceae *:::: Family Tovariaceae *:::: Family Resedaceae *:::: Family

Gyrostemonaceae Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members ...

*:::: Family

Bataceae ''Batis'' (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate and ...

*:::: Family Moringaceae *::: Order Tropaeolales *:::: Family

Tropaeolaceae ''Tropaeolum'' , commonly known as nasturtium (; literally "nose-twister" or "nose-tweaker"), is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants. It was named by Carl Linnaeus in his book ''Species Plantarum'' ...

*:::: Family

Limnanthaceae The Limnanthaceae are a small family of annual herbs occurring throughout temperate North America. There are eight species and nineteen taxa currently recognized. Members of this family are prominent in vernal pool communities of California. Some ...

*::: Order Salvadorales *:::: Family Salvadoraceae *::Superorder

*::: Order Dilleniales *:::: Family Dilleniaceae *::: Order

Paeoniales The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus ''Paeonia'' , the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae . Peonies are native to Asia, Europe and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ...

*:::: Family Glaucidiaceae *:::: Family Paeoniaceae *::: Order

Theales Theales is a botanical name at the rank of order. Early classifications such as that of Dahlgren placed the Theales in the superorder Theiflorae (also called Theanae). The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dille ...

*:::: Family

Stachyuraceae ''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before t ...

*:::: Family Pentaphylacaceae *:::: Family Marcgraviaceae *:::: Family

Quiinaceae Quiinaceae Engl. is a neotropical family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales, consisting of about 50 species in 4 genera (''Froesia'', ''Lacunaria'', ''Quiina'', '' Touroulia''). The APG III system of flowering plant classification does not ...

*:::: Family Ancistrocladaceae *:::: Family Dioncophyllaceae *:::: Family

Nepenthaceae ''Nepenthes'' () is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The genus includes about 170 species, and numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. They are mos ...

*:::: Family Medusagynaceae *:::: Family Caryocaraceae *:::: Family Strasburgeriaceae *:::: Family Ochnaceae *:::: Family Chrysobalanaceae *:::: Family

Oncothecaceae ''Oncotheca'' is a genus of tree endemic to New Caledonia. There are two species, '' Oncotheca balansae'' and '' Oncotheca humboldtiana''. ''Oncotheca'' is the sole genus of the Oncothecaceae, which is one of three families of flowering plants ...

*:::: Family Scytopetalaceae *:::: Family Theaceae *:::: Family

Bonnetiaceae Bonnetiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 4 genera and 41 species. The family is Neotropical, with the exception of the genus ''Ploiarium'', which is found in Malesia. It is sister to the family Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or ...

*:::: Family Clusiaceae *:::: Family

Elatinaceae Elatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with ca 35 (to perhaps 50) species in two genera: ''Elatine'' and ''Bergia''. The ''Elatine'' are mostly aquatic herbs, and the ''Bergia'' are subshrubs to shrubs. ''Elatine'' species are widely distri ...

*::: Order

Lecythidales Lecythidales is a botanical name at the rank of order. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae. This order included only the family Lecythidaceae, which family now (in the APG II system) is placed i ...

*:::: Family Lecythidaceae *:: Superorder

*::: Order Primulales *:::: Family Myrsinaceae *:::: Family Aegicerataceae *:::: Family Theophrastaceae *:::: Family Primulaceae *:::: Family Coridaceae *::: Order Ebenales *:::: Family Sapotaceae *:::: Family

Styracaceae The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The family is c ...

*:::: Family Lissocarpaceae *:::: Family

Ebenaceae The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It ...

*:: Superorder

*::: Order

Trochodendrales Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living speci ...

*:::: Family Trochodendraceae *:::: Family

Tetracentraceae Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living specie ...

*::: Order Cercidiphyllales *:::: Family

Cercidiphyllaceae ''Cercidiphyllum'' is a genus containing two species of plants, both commonly called katsura. They are the sole members of the monotypic family Cercidiphyllaceae. The genus is native to Japan and China and unrelated to ''Cercis'' (redbuds). Desc ...

*:::: Family

Eupteleaceae ''Euptelea'' is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the monogeneric family Eupteleaceae. The genus is found from Assam east through China to Japan, and consists of shrubs or small trees: *'' Euptelea pleiosperma'' *'' Euptelea polyandr ...

*::: Order Hamamelidales *:::: Family Hamamelidaceae *:::: Family Platanaceae *:::: Family Myrothamnaceae *::: Order Balanopales *:::: Family Balanopaceae *::: Order Fagales *:::: Family Nothofagaceae *:::: Family

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergre ...

*:::: Family Corylaceae *:::: Family Betulaceae *::: Order

Juglandales Juglandales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae and ...

*:::: Family

Rhoipteleaceae ''Rhoiptelea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae. It contains a single species, ''Rhoiptelea chiliantha'', commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleac ...

*:::: Family Juglandaceae *::: Order

Myricales The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are ...

*:::: Family Myricaceae *::: Order

Casuarinales The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific Is ...

*:::: Family Casuarinaceae *::: Order Buxales *:::: Family Buxaceae *:::: Family Daphniphyllaceae *:::: Family

Didymelaceae ''Didymeles'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is variously treated as the only genus of the family Didymelaceae — or in the family Buxaceae, as in the APG IV system. The genus ''Didymeles'' is restricted to Madagascar and the Comoros. In Ma ...

*::: Order Geissolomatales *:::: Family Geissolomataceae *::: Order Cunoniales *:::: Family Cunoniaceae *:::: Family

Baueraceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...

*:::: Family

Brunelliaceae ''Brunellia'' is a genus of trees. They are distributed in the mountainous regions of southern Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the S ...

*:::: Family

Davidsoniaceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...

*:::: Family

Eucryphiaceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...

*:::: Family Bruniaceae *:::: Family Grubbiaceae *::: Order Saxifragales *:::: Family Saxifragaceae *:::: Family Francoaceae *:::: Family

Greyiaceae The Francoaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Geraniales, including the genera '' Francoa'', commonly known as bridal wreaths, and '' Tetilla''. The Francoaceae are recognized as a family under various classification schemes ...

*:::: Family Brexiaceae *:::: Family Grossulariaceae *:::: Family

Iteaceae Iteaceae is a flowering plant family of trees and shrubs native to the eastern USA, southeastern Africa, and south and Southeastern Asia. Some older taxonomic systems place the genus ''Itea'' in the family Grossulariaceae. The APG III system o ...

*:::: Family Cephalotaceae *:::: Family Crassulaceae *::: Order Droserales *:::: Family

Droseraceae Droseraceae is a family (biology), family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three Extant taxon, extant genera. Representatives of the Droseraceae are found on all conti ...

*:::: Family Lepuropetalaceae *:::: Family Parnassiaceae *::: Order Rosales *:::: Family

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

*:::: Family

Neuradaceae The Neuradaceae are a family of flowering plant, comprising three genera — ''Grielum'', '' Neurada'' and '' Neuradopsis'' — totalling ten known species. These genera were formerly placed in order Rosales, and in one case even in family Rosa ...

*:::: Family Malaceae *:::: Family Amygdalaceae *:::: Family

Anisophylleaceae The Anisophylleaceae are a small family with four genera and about 70 species, in the order Cucurbitales, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG II. However, it is more isolated from the other suprafamilial clades in this order, while i ...

*:::: Family Crossosomataceae *:::: Family Surianaceae *:::: Family Rhabdodendraceae *::: Order Gunnerales *:::: Family Gunneraceae *:: Superorder

*::: Order

Podostemales Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. Distribution and habitat They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. ...

*:::: Family Podostemaceae (including Tristichaceae) *:: Superorder

*::: Order Fabales *:::: Family Mimosaceae *:::: Family

Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name ''Caesalpinia''. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae ar ...

*:::: Family

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

*:: Superorder

*::: Order

Proteales Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists. The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...

*:::: Family

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Pro ...

*::: Order Elaeagnales *:::: Family Elaeagnaceae *:: Superorder

*::: Order

Myrtales The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014. The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eur ...

*:::: Family Psiloxylaceae *:::: Family Heteropyxidaceae *:::: Family

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All speci ...

*:::: Family Onagraceae *:::: Family Trapaceae *:::: Family

Lythraceae Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera, with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea'' (50), ''Rotala'' (45), and ''Lythrum'' (35). ...

*:::: Family Combretaceae *:::: Family Melastomataceae *:::: Family Memecylaceae *:::: Family

Crypteroniaceae The Crypteroniaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs. The family includes 13 species in three genus, genera, native to Indomalaya. Genera There are three genera of Crypteroniaceae, all native to Asi ...

*:::: Family Oliniaceae *:::: Family Penaeaceae *:::: Family Rhynchocalycaceae *:::: Family

Alzateaceae ''Alzatea verticillata'' is a small flowering tree, native to the Neotropics. It inhabits moist submontane forests from Costa Rica and Panama in Central America south to Peru and Bolivia in tropical South America. It is the sole species of genus ...

*::: Order Haloragales *:::: Family Haloragaceae *:: Superorder

*::: Order Sapindales *:::: Family Coriariaceae *:::: Family Anacardiaceae *:::: Family Leitneriaceae *:::: Family

Podoaceae Anacardioideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of t ...

*:::: Family

Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in tempera ...

*:::: Family Hippocastanaceae *:::: Family Aceraceae *:::: Family Akaniaceae *:::: Family

Bretschneideraceae ''Bretschneidera sinensis'', the sole species in genus ''Bretschneidera'', is a rare, tall a monotypic species of tree with large inflorescences. It is found in south and east of China, Taiwan, northern Thailand and northern Vietnam. It is thre ...

*:::: Family Emblingiaceae *:::: Family Staphyleaceae *:::: Family Melianthaceae *:::: Family Sabiaceae *:::: Family Meliosmaceae *:::: Family Connaraceae *::: Order

Rutales Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes it i ...

*:::: Family Rutaceae *:::: Family

Ptaeroxylaceae Ptaeroxylaceae Juss. are a small family of Southern African indigenous trees and woody lianes, most of them from Madagascar, comprising only two genera. Such a family was not recognized by the APG II system of classification (2003), which noted th ...

*:::: Family Cneoraceae *:::: Family Simaroubaceae *:::: Family Tepuianthaceae *:::: Family Burseraceae *:::: Family Meliaceae *::: Order Polygalales *:::: Family

Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 73 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World ( ...

*:::: Family

Trigoniaceae Trigoniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 28 species in five genera. It is a tropical family found in Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Central and South America.Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website The Angiosp ...

*:::: Family

Vochysiaceae Vochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order of Myrtales. Description Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; flowers are zygomorph 1-(3)-5 merous; ovary inferior or superior; one fertile stamen; fruits samara or capsules. Biogeograp ...

*:::: Family Polygalaceae *:::: Family Krameriaceae *::: Order Geraniales *:::: Family Zygophyllaceae *:::: Family Nitrariaceae *:::: Family Peganaceae *:::: Family Balanitaceae *:::: Family Erythroxylaceae *:::: Family

Humiriaceae Humiriaceae (or, alternatively Houmiriaceae Juss.) is a family of evergreen flowering plants. It comprises 8 genera and 56 known species. The family is exclusively Neotropical, except one species found in tropical West Africa West Africa o ...

*:::: Family

Linaceae Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...

*:::: Family

Ctenolophonaceae ''Ctenolophon'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Ctenolophonaceae. It has two recognized species: * '' Ctenolophon englerianus'' Mildbr. - central Africa (Nigeria, Gabon, Zaire, Angola) * '' Ctenolophon parvifolius'' Oliv. - New ...

*:::: Family

Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthaceae is a pantropical flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, ves ...

*:::: Family

Lepidobotryaceae Lepidobotryaceae is a family of plants in the order Celastrales."Lepidobotryaceae" In: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below). It contains only two species: ...

*:::: Family

Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...

(including Averrhoaceae) *:::: Family Geraniaceae *:::: Family Dirachmaceae *:::: Family Ledocarpaceae *:::: Family

Vivianiaceae Vivianiaceae was a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus '' Viviania'' Cav. It includes both the genus ''Viviania'' and ''Balbisia''. The family is now wholly incorporated into the ...

*:::: Family Biebersteiniaceae *::: Order Linales (incorporated into Geraniales) *:::: Family

*:::: Family

*:::: Family Erythroxylaceae *:::: Family

*:::: Family

*::: Order Celastrales *:::: Family

Stackhousiaceae Stackhousiaceae R.Br. is an obsolete family of plants, now merged into the family Celastraceae. When accepted, it comprised the following genera: * '' Macgregoria'' * ''Stackhousia ''Stackhousia'' is a genus of annual and perennial plants in th ...

*:::: Family

Lophopyxidaceae ''Lophopyxis'' is a genus of flowering plants and the sole genus of the family Lophopyxidaceae. The group consists of 2 species of tendrillate lianas. They are found in the Sunda Islands The Sunda Islands ( id, Kepulauan Sunda) are a group ...

*:::: Family Cardiopteridaceae *:::: Family

Corynocarpaceae ''Corynocarpus'' is the only genus of plants in the family Corynocarpaceae and includes five species. It is native to New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. Species # '' Corynocarpus cribbianus'' (F. M. Bailey) L. S. S ...

*:::: Family Celastraceae *::: Order

Rhizophorales The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera.Setoguchi, H., Kosuge, K., & Tobe, H. (1999). Molecular Phylogeny of Rhizophoraceae Based on rbcL Gene Sequences. ...

*:::: Family Rhizophoraceae *:::: Family Elaeocarpaceae *::: Order Balsaminales *:::: Family Balsaminaceae *:: Superorder Santaliflorae *::: Order Santalales *:::: Family Olacaceae *:::: Family Opiliaceae *:::: Family

Loranthaceae Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are ''Nuytsia floribunda'' (the W ...

*:::: Family

Medusandraceae ''Medusandra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae."Peridiscaceae" At: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see external links below) It has two species, ''M ...

*:::: Family Misodendraceae *:::: Family Eremolepidaceae *:::: Family Santalaceae *:::: Family

Viscaceae Viscaceae is a taxonomic family name of flowering plants. In this circumscription, the family includes the several genera of mistletoes. This family name is currently being studied and under review as in past decades, several systems of plant taxon ...

*:: Superorder Balanophoriflorae *::: Order Balanophorales *:::: Family Cynomoriaceae *:::: Family Balanophoraceae *:: Superorder Araliiflorae *::: Order Pittosporales *:::: Family Pittosporaceae *:::: Family Tremandraceae *:::: Family

Byblidaceae ''Byblis'' ( ) is a small genus of carnivorous plants, sometimes termed the rainbow plants for the attractive appearance of their mucilage-covered leaves in bright sunshine. Native to Australia and New Guinea, it is the only genus in the f ...

*::: Order Araliales *:::: Family Araliaceae *:::: Family Apiaceae *:: Superorder Asteriflorae *::: Order Campanulales *:::: Family Pentaphragmataceae *:::: Family Campanulaceae *:::: Family Lobeliaceae *::: Order Asterales *:::: Family Asteraceae *:: Superorder Solaniflorae *::: Order Solanales *:::: Family

Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...

*:::: Family Sclerophylacaceae *:::: Family Goetzeaceae *:::: Family Convolvulaceae *:::: Family Cuscutaceae *:::: Family Cobaeaceae *:::: Family Polemoniaceae *::: Order Boraginales *:::: Family Hydrophyllaceae *:::: Family Ehretiaceae *:::: Family Boraginaceae *:::: Family Lennoaceae *:::: Family Hoplestigmataceae *:: Superorder Corniflorae *::: Order Fouquieriales *:::: Family

Fouquieriaceae ''Fouquieria'' is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the Family (biology), family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo (''Fouquieria splendens, F. splendens'') and the Boojum tree or cirio (''Fouquieria columnar ...

*::: Order Ericales *:::: Family Actinidiaceae *:::: Family Clethraceae *:::: Family Cyrillaceae *:::: Family Ericaceae *:::: Family

Empetraceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...

*:::: Family Monotropaceae *:::: Family

Pyrolaceae Pyroloideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Ericaceae. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Pyrolaceae.Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards).Ericaceae ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 2014-12-29. It has also been treated as the t ...

*:::: Family

Epacridaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...

*::: Order

Eucommiales Eucommiales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in the Cronquist system, placed in the subclass Hamamelidae ic as consisting of a single species: ''Eucommia ulmoides ''Eucommia ulmoides'' is a species of small tree na ...

*:::: Family

Eucommiaceae ''Eucommia'' is a genus of small trees now native to China, with a fossil record that shows a much wider distribution. The single living species, ''Eucommia ulmoides'', is near threatened in the wild, but is widely cultivated in China for its ...

*::: Order

Sarraceniales Pitcher plants are several different carnivorous plants which have modified leaves known as pitfall traps—a prey-trapping mechanism featuring a deep cavity filled with digestive liquid. The traps of what are considered to be "true" pitcher ...

*:::: Family Sarraceniaceae *::: Order Cornales *:::: Family Garryaceae *:::: Family Alangiaceae *:::: Family Nyssaceae *:::: Family Cornaceae *:::: Family

Roridulaceae ''Roridula'' (; from Latin ''roridus'' "dewy") is a genus of evergreen, insect-trapping shrubs, with two species, of about 1⅓–2 m (4–6⅔ ft). It is the only genus in the family Roridulaceae. It has thin, woody, shyly branching, upright, in ...

*:::: Family Davidiaceae *:::: Family Escalloniaceae *:::: Family Helwingiaceae *:::: Family Torricelliaceae *:::: Family Aucubaceae *:::: Family Aralidiaceae *:::: Family

Diapensiaceae Diapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, which includes 15 species in 6 genera. The genera include '' Berneuxia'' Decne. (1 species), '' Diapensia'' L. (5 species), ''Galax'' Sims (1 species), '' Pyxidanthera'' Michx. (2 species), '' ...

*:::: Family Phellinaceae *:::: Family Aquifoliaceae *:::: Family

Paracryphiaceae The Paracryphiaceae are a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, southeast Asia, and New Caledonia. In the APG III system of 2009, the family is placed in its own order (biology), order, Paracryphiales, in the euasterids II, campan ...

*:::: Family

Sphenostemonaceae ''Sphenostemon'' is the genus of small evergreen trees or shrubs native to New Guinea, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. They have opposite or spiral leaves, and at most small stipules. The small flowers, borne in terminal inflorescences ...

*:::: Family

Symplocaceae Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, including two genera, ''Symplocos ''Symplocos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the order Ericales. It contains about 300 species distributed in Asia and the Americas. Man ...

*:::: Family Icacinaceae *:::: Family

Montiniaceae Montiniaceae is a family of flowering plants. It includes two or three genera of shrubs and small trees, native to southwest Africa and tropical East Africa as well as Madagascar. The genera '' Grevea'' and '' Montinia'' are included in most c ...

*:::: Family

Columelliaceae Columelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America. In the APG II taxonomy it is placed in the order Lamiales, but a 2008 study suggested that the family is sister to the Bruniaceae, and the Angiosperm Phylogen ...

*:::: Family Stylidiaceae (including Donatiaceae) *:::: Family Alseuosmiaceae *:::: Family Hydrangeaceae *:::: Family Sambucaceae *:::: Family Viburnaceae *:::: Family Menyanthaceae *:::: Family Adoxaceae *:::: Family Phyllonomaceae *:::: Family

Tribelaceae ''Tribeles australis'', the sole species in the genus ''Tribeles'', is a prostrate shrub native to Chile and Argentina. Taxonomy Historically it was placed alone in family Tribelaceae. This was placed in the Hydrangeales by Takhtajan, but the AP ...

*:::: Family Eremosynaceae *:::: Family

Pterostemonaceae Pterostemonaceae (Engl.) Small is a small family of shrubs native to tropical and subtropical Mexico. The family was recognized by scientists working with the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group but is placed in the Grossulariaceae by other taxonomic syst ...

*:::: Family Tetracarpaeaceae *::: Order Dipsacales *:::: Family Caprifoliaceae *:::: Family Valerianaceae *:::: Family Dipsacaceae *:::: Family Morinaceae *:::: Family Calyceraceae *:: Superorder Loasiflorae *::: Order Loasales *:::: Family Loasaceae *:: Superorder Gentianiflorae *::: Order Goodeniales *:::: Family Goodeniaceae *::: Order Oleales *:::: Family Oleaceae *::: Order Gentianales *:::: Family Desfontainiaceae *:::: Family Loganiaceae *:::: Family Dialypetalanthaceae *:::: Family Rubiaceae *:::: Family

Theligonaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...

*:::: Family Gentianaceae *:::: Family Saccifoliaceae *:::: Family Apocynaceae *:::: Family

Asclepiadaceae The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family. They form a group of perennial herbs, twin ...

*:: Superorder Lamiiflorae *::: Order Lamiales *:::: Family Retziaceae *:::: Family Stilbaceae *:::: Family

Buddlejaceae Buddlejaceae is a family of flowering plants that is not currently recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, but as of 2016 it is being used by many botanists as one of several small families that divide the Lamiales. Phylogenetic reconstruc ...

*:::: Family Scrophulariaceae *:::: Family

Myoporaceae Myoporaceae was a family of plants, found mostly in Australia, which included the following genera: * '' Diocirea'' * '' Eremophila'', also known as emu bush * ''Myoporum'', also known as Boobiala In the APG II system (continued in the APG III ...

*:::: Family

Globulariaceae ''Globularia'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, native to central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. They are dense low evergreen mat-forming perennials or subs ...

*:::: Family Plantaginaceae *:::: Family Lentibulariaceae *:::: Family

Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae, the pedalium family or sesame family, is a flowering plant family classified in the order Lamiales. The family includes sesame (''Sesamum indicum''), the source of sesame seeds. It comprises 13 genera and approximately 70 speci ...

*:::: Family Trapellaceae *:::: Family

Martyniaceae Martyniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the Lamiales order that are restricted to the Americas. The family was included in Pedaliaceae in the Cronquist system (under order Scrophulariales) but is recognized as a separate family by the An ...

*:::: Family Gesneriaceae *:::: Family Bignoniaceae *:::: Family Acanthaceae *:::: Family Verbenaceae *:::: Family

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

*:::: Family Callitrichaceae *::: Order Hydrostachyales *:::: Family Hydrostachyaceae *::: Order Hippuridales *:::: Family Hippuridaceae

1982 system (monocotyledons)

Summary

Six superorders *Superorder

*Superorder

Details

* Superorder Alismatiflorae 5 orders * Superorder Ariflorae 1 order ** Order Arales * Superorder Liliiflorae 11 orders ** Order Dioscoreales ** Order

Taccales The genus ''Tacca'', which includes the batflowers and arrowroot, consists of flowering plants in the order Dioscoreales, native to tropical regions of South America, Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, and various oceanic islands. In older texts ...

** Order Asparagales *** Family Smilacaceae *** Family

Petermanniaceae ''Petermannia'' is the sole genus of plants in the family Petermanniaceae. ''Petermannia cirrosa'', the only species in the genus, is endemic to the states of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia Australia, officially the Commo ...

*** Family

Philesiaceae Philesiaceae is a family of flowering plants, including two genera, each with a single species. The members of the family are woody shrubs or vines endemic to southern Chile. The APG III system, of 2009 (unchanged from the APG II system of 2003 ...

*** Family Convallariaceae *** Family

Asparagaceae Asparagaceae, known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, ''Asparagus officinalis''. Those who live in the temperate c ...

*** Family

Herreriaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agaves ...

*** Family

Dracaenaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Nolina''. The subfam ...

*** Family Doryanthaceae *** Family Dasypogonaceae *** Family

Phormiaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the Family (biology), family Asphodelaceae ''sensu lato'' in the monocot Order (biology), order Asparagales according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG system of APG IV syst ...

*** Family

Xanthorrhoeaceae ''Xanthorrhoea'' () is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants endemic to Australia. Species are known by the name grass tree. Description All are perennials and have a secondary thickening meristem in the stem. Many, but not all, ...

*** Family

Agavaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agav ...

*** Family Hypoxidaceae *** Family Asphodelaceae *** Family

Aphyllanthaceae ''Aphyllanthes'' is a genus of flowering plants with only one species, ''Aphyllanthes monspeliensis'', endemic to the western Mediterranean region. It is the only genus in the Aphyllanthoideae, a subfamily of the family Family (from la, f ...

*** Family Dianellaceae *** Family

Tecophilaeaceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (un ...

*** Family

Cyanastraceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (un ...

*** Family

Eriospermaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Nolina''. The subfami ...

*** Family

Hemerocallidaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the Family (biology), family Asphodelaceae ''sensu lato'' in the monocot Order (biology), order Asparagales according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG system of APG IV syst ...

*** Family Funkiaceae *** Family

Hyacinthaceae Scilloideae (named after the genus ''Scilla'', "squill") is a subfamily of bulbous plants within the family ''Asparagaceae''. Scilloideae is sometimes treated as a separate family Hyacinthaceae, named after the genus '' Hyacinthus''. Scilloideae o ...

*** Family Alliaceae *** Family

Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus ''Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis fa ...

** Order

Liliales Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae. The APG III system (2009) place ...

*** Family Iridaceae *** Family Geosiridaceae *** Family Colchicaceae *** Family

Alstroemeriaceae Alstroemeriaceae is a family of flowering plants, with 254 known species in four genera (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ), almost entirely native to the Americas, from Central America to southern South America. One species of '' Luzuriaga'' occurs in N ...

*** Family Tricyrtidaceae *** Family

Calochortaceae The Calochortoideae are a subfamily of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous and mainly bulbous flowering plants in the lily family, Liliaceae. Approximately the same group of species has been recognized as a separate family, Calochortaceae, in a f ...

*** Family Liliaceae *** Family Melanthiaceae ** Order Burmanniales ** Order Orchidales ** Order Pontederiales ** Order

Haemodorales Commelinales is an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of sp ...

** Order Philydrales ** Order Velloziales ** Order Bromeliales * Superorder Zingiberiflorae 1 order ** Order Zingiberales * Superorder Commeliniflorae 8 orders * Superorder Areciflorae 3 orders

1985 system (monocotyledons)

Summary

Ten superorders *Superorder

*Superorder

*Superorder Bromeliiflorae *Superorder

*Superorder

*Superorder Cyclanthiflorae *Superorder

*Superorder Pandaniflorae

Details

Liliiflorae

*:: Superorder

6 orders p. 107 *::: Order Dioscoreales *:::: Family

Trichopodaceae Dioscoreaceae () is a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genus, genera. The best-known member of the family is the yam (vegetable), yam (some species of ''Dioscorea''). The APG sys ...

*:::: Family Dioscoreaceae *:::: Family

Taccaceae The genus ''Tacca'', which includes the batflowers and arrowroot, consists of flowering plants in the order Dioscoreales, native to tropical regions of South America, Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, and various oceanic islands. In older text ...

*:::: Family

Stemonaceae The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. ...

*:::: Family Trilliaceae *:::: Family Smilacaceae *:::: Family

*::: Order Asparagales *:::: Family

*:::: Family

Luzuriagaceae Luzuriagaceae is a family of flowering plants that was recognized in the 1998 APG system and the 2003 APG II system. The 2009 APG III system merged this small family into the Alstroemeriaceae in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots Monoco ...

*:::: Family Convallariaceae *:::: Family

*:::: Family

Ruscaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Nolina''. The subfam ...

*:::: Family

Nolinaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family (biology), family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae sensu lato, s.l. The family name is derived from the Binomial nomenclature, gener ...

*:::: Family Asteliaceae *:::: Family

Hanguanaceae ''Hanguana'' is a genus of flowering plants with a dozen known species. It is the only genus in the family Hanguanaceae. The APG IV system of 2016 recognizes such a family and places it in the order Commelinales, in the clade commelinids, in th ...

*:::: Family Dasypogonaceae *:::: Family Calectasiaceae *:::: Family

Blandfordiaceae ''Blandfordia'', commonly known as Christmas bells, is a genus of four species of flowering plants native to eastern Australia. Christmas bells are tufted, perennial herbs with narrow, linear leaves and up to twenty large, drooping, cylindrical ...

*:::: Family

*:::: Family Hypoxidaceae *:::: Family

*:::: Family

Ixioliriaceae ''Ixiolirion'' is a Genus (biology), genus of flowering plants native to central Asia, central and southwest Asia, first described as a genus in 1821. Recent classifications place the group in the monogeneric Family (biology), family Ixioliriacea ...

*:::: Family

*:::: Family Doryanthaceae *:::: Family

*:::: Family Asphodelaceae *:::: Family

Anthericaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of Monocotyledon, monocot flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Asparagaceae, Order (biology), order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-kn ...

*:::: Family

*:::: Family Funkiaceae *:::: Family

*:::: Family Alliaceae *:::: Family

*::::: Tribe Amaryllideae *::::: Tribe Hippeastrae *::::: Tribe Lycoridae *::::: Tribe Stenomesseae *::::: Tribe Eucharideae *::::: Tribe Pancratieae *::::: Tribe Narcisseae *::::: Tribe Galantheae *::: Order Melanthiales *:::: Family Melanthiaceae *:::: Family Campynemaceae *::: Order Burmanniales *:::: Family Burmanniaceae *:::: Family

Thismiaceae Thismiaceae is a family of flowering plants whose status is currently uncertain. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classifications (APG II, APG III , and APG IV) merge Thismiaceae into Burmanniaceae, noting that some studies have suggested that Thism ...

*:::: Family

Corsiaceae Corsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system (2003) treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. This is a slight change from the APG system, of 1998, which left the family unplaced as to order ...

*::: Order

*:::: Family

*:::: Family Colchicaceae *:::: Family

Uvulariaceae Uvulariaceae is a family of flowering plants. While seldom recognised, the family is accepted by the Dahlgren system, which places it in order Liliales, superorder Lilianae, and the subclass Liliidae monocotyledonsof class Magnoliopsida angiosper ...

*:::: Family

*:::: Family Liliaceae *:::: Family Geosiridaceae *:::: Family Iridaceae *::: Order Orchids *:::: Family Apostasiaceae *:::: Family Cypripediaceae *:::: Family Orchidaceae

Ariflorae

*:: Superorder

1 order p. 275 *::: Order Arales *:::: Family Araceae *:::: Family

Lemnaceae Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. They float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands. Also known as bayroot, they arose ...

Triuridiflorae

*:: Superorder

1 order p. 287 *::: Order

Triuridales Triuridales was an order of flower plants that was used in the Cronquist system, in the subclass Alismatidae, with this circumscription: * order Triuridales *: family Petrosaviaceae *: family Triuridaceae In the classification system of Dahl ...

*:::: Family Triuridaceae

Alismatiflorae

*:: Superorder

2 orders p. 292 *::: Order Alismatales *:::: Family Aponogetonaceae *:::: Family

Butomaceae ''Butomus'' is the only known genus in the plant family Butomaceae, native to Europe and Asia. It is considered invasive in some parts of the United States. Taxonomy The Butomaceae family has been recognized by most taxonomists as a plant ...

*:::: Family

Limnocharitaceae Limnocharitaceae was a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales.Robert R. Haynes, Donald H. Les, and Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen. 1998. "Limnocharitaceae". pages 271-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor) with Klaus Kubitzki, Her ...

*:::: Family Alismataceae *:::: Family Hydrocharitaceae *::: Order

Najadales Najadales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. A well-known system that used this name is the Cronquist system (1981), which used this name for an order in subclass Alismatidae with this circumscription: * order Najadales ** fa ...

*:::: Family

Scheuchzeriaceae ''Scheuchzeria palustris'' (Rannoch-rush, or pod grass), is a flowering plant in the family Scheuchzeriaceae, in which there is only one species and ''Scheuchzeria'' is the only genus. In the APG II system it is placed in the order Alismatales of ...

*:::: Family Juncaginaceae *:::: Family

Potamogetonaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...

*:::: Family Posidoniaceae *:::: Family Zosteraceae *:::: Family

Zannichelliaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...

*:::: Family Cymodoceaceae *:::: Family Najadaceae

Bromeliiflorae

*:: Superorder Bromeliflorae 6 orders p. 323 *::: Order Velloziales *:::: Family

Velloziaceae Velloziaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Pandanales. Relationships and evolution By contrast to oth ...

*::: Order Bromeliales *:::: Family

Bromeliaceae The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain o ...

*::: Order Philydrales *:::: Family

Philydraceae Philydraceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera and a total of six known species. Such a family has not been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recogni ...

*::: Order

*:::: Family

Haemodoraceae Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with 14 genera and 102 known species. It is sometimes known as the "bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemisphere family, they are found in South Africa, Australia and New ...

*::: Order Pontederiales *:::: Family Pontederiaceae *::: Order Typhales *:::: Family

Sparganiaceae Sparganiaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the c ...

*:::: Family Typhaceae

Zingiberiflorae

*:: Superorder

1 order p. 350 *::: Order Zingiberales *:::: Family Lowiaceae *:::: Family

Musaceae Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves ...

*:::: Family Heliconiaceae *:::: Family

Strelitziaceae The Strelitziaceae comprise a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (banana family). The three genera with seven sp ...

*:::: Family Zingiberaceae *:::: Family Costaceae *:::: Family Cannaceae *:::: Family Marantaceae

Commeliniflorae

*:: Superorder

4 orders p. 374 *::: Order Commelinales *:::: Family Commelinaceae *:::: Family Mayacaceae *:::: Family Xyridaceae *:::: Family

Rapateaceae The Rapateaceae are a family of flowering plants. The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system of 2003 also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. T ...

*:::: Family Eriocaulaceae *::: Order

Hydatellales Hydatellales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system, 1981, the name was used for an order placed in the subclass Commelinidae in class Liliopsida monocotyledons The order consisted of one family only: * orde ...

*:::: Family Hydatellaceae *::: Order

Cyperales The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. Description ...

*:::: Family Juncaceae *:::: Family Thurniaceae *:::: Family

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus ''Carex'' w ...

*::: Order Poales *:::: Family

Flagellariaceae ''Flagellaria'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family (biology), family Flagellariaceae with only five species.Wepfer, P. H., & Linder, H. P. (2014). The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae). Australian Systematic Botany, 27(3), 15 ...

*:::: Family

Joinvilleaceae The Joinvilleaceae are a family of flowering plants with a single genus including four species. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998) assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family ...

*:::: Family

Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...

*:::: Family Ecdeiocolaceae *:::: Family Anarthriaceae *:::: Family Restionaceae *:::: Family Centrolepidaceae

Cyclanthiflorae

*:: Superorder Cyclanthiflorae 1 order p. 461 *::: Order

Cyclanthales Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants. Taxonomy Earlier systems, such as the Cronquist system and the Takhtajan system, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cyclanthaceae w ...

*:::: Family Cyclanthaceae

Areciflorae

*:: Superorder

1 order p. 467 *::: Order Arecales *:::: Family

Arecaceae The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees ...

Pandaniflorae

*:: Superorder Pandaniflorae 1 order p. 480 *::: Order

Pandanales Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots wh ...

*:::: Family

Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important, wi ...

Notes

References

Bibliography

* * * , in * * * *
''Additional excerpts''
{{List of systems of plant taxonomy system, Dahlgren