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Cornales
The Cornales are an order of flowering plants, early diverging among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within the Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior to half-inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries. Taxonomy In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cornales were in the superorder Corniflorae (also called Cornanae). Under the APG IV system, the Cornales order includes these families: * Cornaceae (the dogwood family) * Curtisiaceae (cape lancewood) * Grubbiaceae (the sillyberry family) * Hydrangeaceae (the hydrangea family) * Hydrostachyaceae * Loasaceae (the stickleaf family) * Nyssaceae, (the tupelos) The oldest fossils assigned with confidence to the order are '' Hironoia fusiformis'', described from Coniacian age Japanese coalified fruits, and '' Suciacarpa starrii'' described from American permineralized fruits of Campanian age. Phylogeny The Cornales order is sister to the remainder of the large a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrostachyaceae
''Hydrostachys'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants native to Madagascar and southern and central Africa. It is the only genus in the family Hydrostachyaceae. All species of ''Hydrostachys'' are aquatic, growing on rocks in fast-moving water. They have tuberous roots, usually pinnately compound leaves, and highly reduced flowers on dense spikes.Albach, D. C., Soltis, D. E., Chase, M. W., and Soltis, P. S. (2001). Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic angiosperm ''Hydrostachys''. Taxon 50, 781-805. Phylogenetic placement of ''Hydrostachys'' is particularly problematic. Due to its specialized aquatic morphology, it has often been grouped with other aquatic plants, such as the family Podostemaceae. However, embryological, floral, and other morphological characters do not support this placement, and molecular data suggest that ''Hydrostachys'' is related to taxa in the order Cornales. Its position in Cornales is uncertain; it may be basal to the rest of the order, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suciacarpa
''Suciacarpa'' is an extinct genus of asterid flowering plants in the order Cornales. It is known from the fossil species ''Suciacarpa starrii'' and ''Suciacarpa xiangae'', both found in Western North America. History and classification ''Suciacarpa'' is known from several anatomically preserved fruits found in north-western Washington state, United States, and Vancouver Island, British Columbia. At time of description the ''S. starrii'' holotype specimen, UF 19276-54286, and paratype, UF 19304-54982, were residing in the paleobotanical collections housed by the Florida Museum of Natural History. The two fruits were first studied by Oregon State University paleobotanist Brian Atkinson, with his 2016 type description for the genus and species being published in the NRC Research Press journal ''Botany''. Atkinson coined the genus name ''Suciacarpa'' as a combination of "Sucia" after the type locality and the Greek ''carpa'' meaning ''fruit''. The specific epithet ''starrii'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornaceae
The Cornaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 85 species in two genera, ''Alangium'' and ''Cornus''. They are mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen, although a few species are perennial herbs. Members of the family usually have opposite or alternate simple leaves, four- or five-parted flowers clustered in inflorescences or pseudanthia, and drupaceous fruits.Kubitzki, K. (2004). Cornaceae. In ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Volume 6: Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales'' (Kubitzki, ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York. The family is primarily distributed in northern temperate regions and tropical Asia. In northern temperate areas, Cornaceae are well known from the dogwoods ''Cornus''. The systematics of Cornaceae has been remarkably unsettled and controversial, and many genera have been added to it and removed from it over time. (One ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asterids
In the APG IV system (2016) for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group). Asterids is the largest group of flowering plants, with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species. Well-known plants in this clade include the common daisy, forget-me-nots, nightshades (including potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, chili peppers and tobacco), the common sunflower, petunias, yacon, morning glory, sweet potato, coffee, lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, honeysuckle, ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary, and rainforest trees such as Brazil nut. Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to as Asteridae in the Cronquist system (1981) and as Sympetalae in earlier systems. The name asterids (not necessarily capitalised) resembles the earlier botanical name but is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asterid
In the APG IV system (2016) for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group). Asterids is the largest group of flowering plants, with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species. Well-known plants in this clade include the common daisy, forget-me-nots, nightshades (including potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, chili peppers and tobacco), the common sunflower, petunias, yacon, morning glory, sweet potato, coffee, lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, honeysuckle, ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary, and rainforest trees such as Brazil nut. Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to as Asteridae in the Cronquist system (1981) and as Sympetalae in earlier systems. The name asterids (not necessarily capitalised) resembles the earlier botanical name but is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrangeaceae
Hydrangeaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe. Description The genera are characterised by leaves in opposite pairs (rarely whorled or alternate), and regular, bisexual flowers with 4 (rarely 5–12) petals. The fruit is a capsule or berry containing several seeds, the seeds with a fleshy endosperm. Genera The following genera are accepted: *'' Carpenteria'' Torr. *''Deutzia'' Thunb. *''Fendlera'' Engelm. & A.Gray *''Fendlerella'' A.Heller *''Hydrangea'' Gronov. ex L. *'' Jamesia'' Torr. & A.Gray *'' Kirengeshoma'' Yatabe *''Philadelphus'' L. *''Whipplea ''Whipplea'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Whipplea modesta'', which is known by several common names including common whipplea, yerba de selva, and modesty. It is a dicot shrub or sub-shrub in the Hydrangeaceae family, nat ...'' Torr. Phylogeny The family Hydrangeaceae has two subfamilies, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loasaceae
Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of the family include annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs and small trees. Members of the subfamily Loasoideae are known to exhibit rapid thigmonastic stamen movement when pollinators are present. Taxonomy In the classification system of Dahlgren the Loasaceae were placed in the order Loasales in the superorder Loasiflorae (also called Loasanae). The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system places them in the related order Cornales in the asterid clade. Subdivision Genera include: *''Aosa'' Weigend (sometimes included in ''Loasa'') *''Blumenbachia'' Schrad. *''Caiophora'' C. Presl *''Cevallia'' Lag. *''Chichicaste'' Weigend (sometimes included in ''Loasa'') *''Eucnide'' Zucc. *''Fuertesia'' Urb. *'' Grausa'' Weigend & R.H.Acuña *''Gronovia'' L. *''Huidobria'' Gay (sometimes included in ''Loasa'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG IV System
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998. In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately; the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one. Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families. In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sillyberry
The Grubbiaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to the Cape floristic region of South Africa. The family includes five species of leathery-leaved shrubs in two genera, ''Grubbia ''Grubbia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Grubbiaceae.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. 2007. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. . The genus has three s ...'' and '' Strobilocarpus''. They are commonly known as sillyberry.http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/images/8/81/ZA_Biomes.pdf References Cornales Asterid families Endemic flora of South Africa {{Cornales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mentzelia
''Mentzelia'' is a genus of about 60-70 species of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Loasaceae, native to the Americas. The genus comprises annual plant, annual, biennial plant, biennial, and perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plants and a few shrubs. They are commonly called blazing stars or stickleafs; other names include evening stars and moonflowers. Selected species *''Mentzelia affinis'' Greene – Yellowcomet *''Mentzelia albescens'' (Gillies & Arn.) Griseb. *''Mentzelia albicaulis'' (Douglas ex Hook.) Douglas ex Torr. & A.Gray – Whitestem blazingstar *''Mentzelia aspera'' L. *''Mentzelia candelariae'' H.J. Thomp. & Prigge – Candelaria blazingstar *''Mentzelia chrysantha'' Engelm. ex Brandegee *''Mentzelia congesta'' Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray – United blazingstar *''Mentzelia conzattii'' Greenm. *''Mentzelia cordifolia'' Dombey ex Urb. & Gilg *''Mentzelia crocea'' Kellogg – Sierra blazingstar *''Mentzelia decapetala'' (Pursh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grubbiaceae
The Grubbiaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to the Cape floristic region of South Africa. The family includes five species of leathery-leaved shrubs in two genera, ''Grubbia ''Grubbia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Grubbiaceae.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. 2007. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. . The genus has three s ...'' and '' Strobilocarpus''. They are commonly known as sillyberry.http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/images/8/81/ZA_Biomes.pdf References Cornales Asterid families Endemic flora of South Africa {{Cornales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curtisiaceae
''Curtisia dentata'' (commonly known as the Assegai tree or Cape lancewood, af, Assegaai, xh, Umgxina, zu, Umagunda) is a flowering tree from Southern Africa. It is the sole species in genus ''Curtisia'', which was originally classed as a type of "dogwood" (''Cornaceae''), but is now placed in its own unique family Curtisiaceae. It is increasingly popular as an ornamental tree for gardens, with dark glossy foliage and sprays of pure white berries. The bark of this tree is a very popular component of traditional African medicine, leading to overexploitation and a decline in the species in some areas of South Africa.''Curtisia dentata'' in BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database The tree is protected in South Africa. Name [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Cornus_sanguinea_-_Inflorescence.jpg "Click for more on -> Cornaceae")
