The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly

molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and bioche ...

-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the

APG III system The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a fur ...

was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998. In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately; the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one. Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders ( Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales,

Metteniusales Metteniusaceae are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the order Metteniusales. It consists of about 10 genera and 50 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics. The family was formerly restricted to just ''Metten ...

and

Vahliales :''The later homonym Vahlia Dahl is now known as Dombeya.'' ''Vahlia'' is a genus of herbs and subshrubs that grow in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. There are at least five species. The genus is placed alone in family ''Vahliaceae''. This ...

), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families. In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.

Short version

Detailed version

Key to symbols used: :* = the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the

of 2009 :† = the order has been added since the APG III system

Basal angiosperms

* Amborellales Melikyan et al. ** Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons. * Nymphaeales Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Hydatellaceae U.Hamann ** Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons. **

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains nine genera with about 70 known species. Water li ...

Salisb., nom. cons. * Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal ** Austrobaileyaceae Croizat, nom. cons. ** Trimeniaceae Gibbs, nom. cons. ** Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons.

Magnoliids

* Canellales Cronq. ** Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons. ** Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. * Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl ** Saururaceae Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons. ** Piperaceae Giseke, nom. cons. ** Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. * (including Asaraceae Vent., Hydnoraceae C.Agardh, nom. cons., Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons.) * Magnoliales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Myristicaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Degeneriaceae I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons. ** Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. ** Eupomatiaceae Orb., nom. cons. ** Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Laurales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons. ** Siparunaceae Schodde ** Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons. ** Atherospermataceae R.Br. ** Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons. ** Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...

Juss., nom. cons.

Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade

* Chloranthales Mart. ** Chloranthaceae R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.

Monocots

* Acorales Mart. ** Acoraceae Martinov * Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Araceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Tofieldiaceae Takht. ** Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons. ** Butomaceae Mirb., nom. cons. ** Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Scheuchzeriaceae F.Rudolphi, nom. cons. ** Aponogetonaceae Planch., nom. cons. ** Juncaginaceae Rich., nom. cons. * **

Maundiaceae ''Maundia '' is a genus of alismatid monocots, described in 1858. ''Maundia'' was formerly included in the family Juncaginaceae but is now considered to form a family of its own under the name Maundiaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Ma ...

Nakai * ** Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. **

Potamogetonaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons ** Posidoniaceae Vines, nom. cons. ** Ruppiaceae Horan., nom. cons. ** Cymodoceaceae Vines, nom. cons. * Petrosaviales Takht. ** Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons. * Dioscoreales Mart. ** Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon ** Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (not monophyletic.) ** Dioscoreaceae R.Br., nom. cons. *

Pandanales Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots wh ...

R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. ** Velloziaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. **

Stemonaceae The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. ...

Caruel, nom. cons. ** Cyclanthaceae Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons. **

Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important, wi ...

R.Br., nom. cons. *

Liliales Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae. The APG III system (2009) place ...

Perleb ** Campynemataceae Dumort. ** Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons. ** Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. **

Petermanniaceae ''Petermannia'' is the sole genus of plants in the family Petermanniaceae. ''Petermannia cirrosa'', the only species in the genus, is endemic to the states of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia Australia, officially the Commo ...

Hutch, nom. cons. ** Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Ripogonaceae Conran & Clifford ** Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons. ** Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Asparagales Link ** Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Boryaceae M.W.Chase et al. **

Blandfordiaceae ''Blandfordia'', commonly known as Christmas bells, is a genus of four species of flowering plants native to eastern Australia. Christmas bells are tufted, perennial herbs with narrow, linear leaves and up to twenty large, drooping, cylindrical ...

R.Dahlgren & Clifford ** Asteliaceae Dumort. ** Lanariaceae H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren ** Hypoxidaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Doryanthaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford ** Ixioliriaceae Nakai (as 'Ixiolirionaceae'; spelling corrected) **

Tecophilaeaceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 ...

Leyb., nom. cons. ** Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Xeronemataceae M.W.Chase et al. ** Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. prop. (including Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons.) **

Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus ''Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis fa ...

J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. **

Asparagaceae Asparagaceae, known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, ''Asparagus officinalis''. Those who live in the temperate c ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Arecales Bromhead ** Dasypogonaceae Dumort. **

Arecaceae The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (=Palmae Juss., nom. cons.) * Commelinales Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw ** Commelinaceae Mirb., nom. cons. **

Philydraceae Philydraceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera and a total of six known species. Such a family has not been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recogni ...

Link, nom. cons. ** Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Haemodoraceae R.Br., nom. cons. * Zingiberales Griseb. **

Strelitziaceae The Strelitziaceae comprise a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (banana family). The three genera with seven sp ...

Hutch., nom. cons. ** Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons. ** Heliconiaceae Vines **

Musaceae Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Marantaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Costaceae Nakai ** Zingiberaceae Martinov, nom. cons. * Poales Small ** Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Bromeliaceae The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain o ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Xyridaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Eriocaulaceae Martinov, nom. cons. ** Mayacaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus ''Carex'' w ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Restionaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * (including Anarthriaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw, Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons.) ** Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C.Sm. ** Ecdeiocoleaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw **

Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...

Barnhart, nom. cons. (= Gramineae Juss., nom. cons.)

Probable sister of eudicots

* Ceratophyllales Link ** Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons.

Eudicots

* Ranunculales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Eupteleaceae K.Wilh., nom. cons. ** Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. ** Lardizabalaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons. *

Proteales Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists. The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons. ** Nelumbonaceae A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Platanaceae T.Lestib., nom. cons. **

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Pro ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronq. ** Trochodendraceae Eichler, nom. cons. * Buxales Takht. ex Reveal ** Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. * (including Haptanthaceae C.Nelson)

Core eudicots

* Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal ** Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons. ** Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons. * Dilleniales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl † ** Dilleniaceae Salisb., nom. cons.

Superrosids

* Saxifragales Bercht. & J.Presl ** Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons. ** Paeoniaceae Raf., nom. cons. **

Altingiaceae Altingiaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) consisting of ...

Lindl., nom. cons. ** Hamamelidaceae R.Br., nom. cons. **

Cercidiphyllaceae ''Cercidiphyllum'' is a genus containing two species of plants, both commonly called katsura. They are the sole members of the monotypic family Cercidiphyllaceae. The genus is native to Japan and China and unrelated to ''Cercis'' (redbuds). Desc ...

Engl., nom. cons. ** Daphniphyllaceae Müll.Arg., nom. cons. ** Iteaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Crassulaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. ** Aphanopetalaceae Doweld ** Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai ** Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons. ** Haloragaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.

Rosids

* Vitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Zygophyllales Link ** Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Zygophyllaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * Fabales Bromhead **

Quillajaceae Quillajaceae is a family of flowering plants. It contains only two extant species, '' Quillaja brasiliensis'' and ''Quillaja saponaria ''Quillaja saponaria'', the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, ...

D.Don **

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

Lindl., nom. cons. (= Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons.) ** Surianaceae Arn., nom. cons. ** Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. * Rosales Bercht. & J.Presl **

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Barbeyaceae ''Barbeya'' is the only genus in the family Barbeyaceae, and has only one species, ''Barbeya oleoides''. It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant in the transitio ...

Rendle, nom. cons. ** Dirachmaceae Hutch. ** Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Rhamnaceae The Rhamnaceae are a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales. The family contains about 55 genera and 950 species. The Rhamnaceae h ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons. ** Cannabaceae Martinov, nom. cons. ** Moraceae Gaudich., nom. cons. ** Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Fagales Engl. ** Nothofagaceae Kuprian. **

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergre ...

Dumort., nom. cons. ** Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. ** Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. ** Casuarinaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Ticodendraceae Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez ** Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons. * Cucurbitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Apodanthaceae The family Apodanthaceae comprises about 10 species of endoparasitic herbs. They live in the branches or stems of their hosts (as filaments similar to a fungal mycelium), emerging only to flower and fruit. The plants produce no green parts and do ...

Tiegh. ex Takht. * ** Anisophylleaceae Ridl. **

Corynocarpaceae ''Corynocarpus'' is the only genus of plants in the family Corynocarpaceae and includes five species. It is native to New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. Species # '' Corynocarpus cribbianus'' (F. M. Bailey) L. S. S ...

Engl., nom. cons. ** Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw ** Datiscaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Begoniaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons.

COM clade; placement uncertain

* Celastrales Link **

Lepidobotryaceae Lepidobotryaceae is a family of plants in the order Celastrales."Lepidobotryaceae" In: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below). It contains only two specie ...

J. Leonard, nom. cons. ** Celastraceae R.Br., nom. cons. * Oxalidales Bercht. & J.Presl ** Huaceae A.Chev. ** Connaraceae R.Br., nom. cons. **

Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...

R.Br., nom. cons. ** Cunoniaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Elaeocarpaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. * Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. **

Irvingiaceae Irvingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 13 species in the 3 genera '' Allantospermum'', '' Irvingia'' and '' Klainedoxa''. ''Desbordesia'', formerly accepted is now included in ''Irvingia''. The family is named for the Scott ...

Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. * (including Allantospermum Forman) **

Ctenolophonaceae ''Ctenolophon'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Ctenolophonaceae. It has two recognized species: * '' Ctenolophon englerianus'' Mildbr. - central Africa (Nigeria, Gabon, Zaire, Angola) * '' Ctenolophon parvifolius'' Oliv. - New ...

Exell & Mendonça ** Rhizophoraceae Pers., nom. cons. ** Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. **

Bonnetiaceae Bonnetiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 4 genera and 41 species. The family is Neotropical, with the exception of the genus ''Ploiarium'', which is found in Malesia. It is sister to the family Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or ...

L.Beauvis. ex Nakai ** Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons.) ** Calophyllaceae J.Agardh ** Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. ** Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Caryocaraceae Voigt, nom. cons. **

Lophopyxidaceae ''Lophopyxis'' is a genus of flowering plants and the sole genus of the family Lophopyxidaceae. The group consists of 2 species of tendrillate lianas. They are found in the Sunda Islands The Sunda Islands ( id, Kepulauan Sunda) are a group ...

H.Pfeiff. ** Putranjivaceae Meisn. ** Centroplacaceae Doweld & Reveal **

Elatinaceae Elatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with ca 35 (to perhaps 50) species in two genera: ''Elatine'' and ''Bergia''. The ''Elatine'' are mostly aquatic herbs, and the ''Bergia'' are subshrubs to shrubs. ''Elatine'' species are widely distri ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 73 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World ( ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons. **

Trigoniaceae Trigoniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 28 species in five genera. It is a tropical family found in Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Central and South America.Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website The Angiosp ...

A.Juss., nom. cons. ** Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. **

Euphroniaceae ''Euphronia'' is a genus of three species of shrubs native to northern South America and is the only genus in the family Euphroniaceae. It was previously classified in the Vochysiaceae family and elsewhere due to its unique floral features, but ...

Marc.-Berti ** Chrysobalanaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Humiriaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. ** Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons. **

Violaceae Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies. Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed ...

Batsch, nom. cons. **

Goupiaceae ''Goupia'' is a neotropical genus of flowering plants and the sole genus included in the family Goupiaceae. There are three species, all found in tropical northern South America.Lacostea, J. F., & Alexandre, D. Y. (1991). Le goupi (Goupia glabra ...

Miers ** Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons. **

Lacistemataceae Lacistemataceae is a small flowering plant family. There are two genera: *''Lacistema'' (12 species) *''Lozania'' (5 species) They are small trees (to 15 metres tall) and shrubs (to 5 metres tall) that are native to the subtropical and tropi ...

Mart., nom. cons. ** Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons. ** Peraceae Klotzsch * ** Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. * ** Linaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. **

Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthaceae is a pantropical flowering plant family of trees or shrubs, consisting of about 30 species in 3 or 4 genera. It is a broadleaf evergreen. References Malpighiales families Pantropical flora {{Malpighiales-stub ...

Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons. * ** Picrodendraceae Small, nom. cons. ** Phyllanthaceae Martinov, nom. cons.

Rosids continued

* Geraniales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Francoaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. * (including Bersamaceae Doweld, Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons., Ledocarpaceae Meyen, Melianthaceae Horan., nom. cons., Rhynchothecaceae A.Juss., Vivianiaceae Klotzsch, nom. cons.) *

Myrtales The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014. The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eur ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Combretaceae R.Br., nom. cons. **

Lythraceae Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera, with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea'' (50), ''Rotala'' (45), and ''Lythrum'' (35). ...

J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. ** Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Vochysiaceae Vochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order of Myrtales. Description Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; flowers are zygomorph 1-(3)-5 merous; ovary inferior or superior; one fertile stamen; fruits samara or capsules. Biogeograp ...

A.St.-Hil., nom. cons. **

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All speci ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Crypteroniaceae The Crypteroniaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs. The family includes 13 species in three genus, genera, native to Indomalaya. Genera There are three genera of Crypteroniaceae, all native to Asi ...

A.DC., nom. cons. **

Alzateaceae ''Alzatea verticillata'' is a small flowering tree, native to the Neotropics. It inhabits moist submontane forests from Costa Rica and Panama in Central America south to Peru and Bolivia in tropical South America. It is the sole species of genus ...

S.A.Graham ** Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. * Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal ** Aphloiaceae Takht. ** Geissolomataceae A.DC., nom. cons. ** Strasburgeriaceae Tiegh., nom. cons. ** Staphyleaceae Martinov, nom. cons. **

Guamatelaceae ''Guamatela'' is a genus of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales. ''Guamatela'' is the only genus in the family Guamatelaceae. The genus comprises a single species, the type species, ''Guamatela tuerckheimii'' Donn.Sm., an evergreen ...

S.H.Oh & D.Potter **

Stachyuraceae ''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before t ...

J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. * Picramniales Doweld ** Picramniaceae Fernando & Quinn * Huerteales Doweld ** Gerrardinaceae M.H.Alford **

Petenaeaceae ''Petenaea cordata'' (from northern Central America) was first described in Elaeocarpaceae and later placed in Tiliaceae, but most authors have been uncertain about its familial affinities. It was considered a taxon ''incertae sedis'' in the Angi ...

Christenh. et al. * ** Tapisciaceae Takht. ** Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. * Sapindales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl. ** Nitrariaceae Lindl. ** Kirkiaceae Takht. ** Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Anacardiaceae R.Br., nom. cons. **

Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in tempera ...

Juss., nom. cons. (including Xanthocerataceae Buerki et al., as 'Xanthoceraceae') ** Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Malvales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Cytinaceae A.Rich. **

Muntingiaceae The Muntingiaceae are a family of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid order Malvales. The family consists of three genera: ''Dicraspidia'', ''Muntingia'', and ''Neotessmannia'', each with a single species. They are woody plants of the tropi ...

C.Bayer et al. **

Neuradaceae The Neuradaceae are a family of flowering plant, comprising three genera — ''Grielum'', '' Neurada'' and '' Neuradopsis'' — totalling ten known species. These genera were formerly placed in order Rosales, and in one case even in family Rosa ...

Kostel., nom. cons. ** Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Sphaerosepalaceae Bullock ** Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Bixaceae The Bixaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants commonly called the achiote family. Under the Cronquist system, the family was traditionally placed in the order Violales. However, newer arrangements move it, with some other families previousl ...

Kunth, nom. cons. ** Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. * (including ''Pakaraimaea'' Maguire & P.S.Ashton) ** Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons. **

Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...

Blume, nom. cons. * * Brassicales Bromhead ** Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. ** Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. ** Moringaceae Martinov, nom. cons. **

Caricaceae The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are usually short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small to medium-sized trees growi ...

Dumort., nom. cons. ** Limnanthaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Setchellanthaceae Iltis **

Koeberliniaceae ''Koeberlinia'' is a genus of flowering plant. It is the sole genus in the family ''Koeberliniaceae''. Alternately it is treated as a member of the Capparaceae. Species ''Koeberlinia'' includes two species: *''Koeberlinia holacantha'' W.C. Hol ...

Engl., nom. cons. **

Bataceae ''Batis'' (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate ...

Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons. ** Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. ** Emblingiaceae Airy Shaw ** Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons. ** Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel ** Gyrostemonaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. ** Resedaceae Martinov, nom. cons. * (including Borthwickiaceae J.X.Su et al., Stixidaceae Doweld as 'Stixaceae', ''Forchhammeria'' Liebm.) ** Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. * ** Cleomaceae Bercht. & J.Presl ** Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (= Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons.)

Superasterids The superasterids are members of a large clade (monophyletic group) of flowering plants, containing more than 122,000 species. The clade is divided into 20 orders as defined in APG IV system. These orders, in turn, together comprise about 146 fa ...

* Berberidopsidales Doweld **

Aextoxicaceae ''Aextoxicon punctatum'', the sole species of genus ''Aextoxicon'' and family Aextoxicaceae, is a dioecious tree native to southern Chile and Argentina. Commonly known as the ''olivillo'' or ''aceitunillo'', it is a large evergreen tree native to ...

Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. **

Berberidopsidaceae Berberidopsidaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family has only recently been recognized by more than a few taxonomists: the plants involved have often been treated as belonging to family Flacourtiaceae. The APG II system, of 2003 (un ...

Takht. * Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Olacaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (not monophyletic; including Aptandraceae Miers, Coulaceae Tiegh., Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh., Ximeniaceae Horan.) ** Opiliaceae Valeton, nom. cons. ** Balanophoraceae Rich., nom. cons. ** Santalaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (not monophyletic if Balanophoraceae are embedded; including Amphorogynaceae Nickrent & Der, Cervantesiaceae Nickrent & Der, Comandraceae Nickrent & Der, Nanodeaceae Nickrent & Der, Thesiaceae Vest, Viscaceae Batsch) ** Misodendraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Schoepfiaceae Blume ** Loranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Caryophyllales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Frankeniaceae Desv., nom. cons. ** Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons. ** Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Droseraceae Salisb., nom. cons. **

Nepenthaceae ''Nepenthes'' () is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The genus includes about 170 species, and numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. They are mos ...

Dumort, nom. cons. **

Drosophyllaceae ''Drosophyllum'' ( , rarely ) is a genus of carnivorous plants containing the single species ''Drosophyllum lusitanicum'', commonly known as Portuguese sundew or dewy pine. In appearance, it is similar to the related genus ''Drosera'' (the sund ...

Chrtek et al. ** Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw, nom. cons. ** Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. ** Rhabdodendraceae Prance ** Simmondsiaceae Tiegh. ** Physenaceae Takht. ** Asteropeiaceae Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland ** Macarthuriaceae Christenh. * ** Microteaceae Schäferhoff & Borsch * ** Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Achatocarpaceae Heimerl, nom. cons. ** Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Stegnospermataceae ''Stegnosperma'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of three species of woody plants, native to the Caribbean, Central America, and the Sonoran Desert. These are shrubs or lianas, with anomalous secondary thickening in mature stems, by ...

Nakai ** Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal * **

Lophiocarpaceae The Lophiocarpaceae are a family of flowering plants comprising mostly succulent subshrubs and herbaceous species native to tropical to southern sub-Saharan Africa to western India. It includes the genera '' Corbichonia'' and '' Lophiocarpus''.An ...

Doweld & Reveal ** Kewaceae Christenh. * ** Barbeuiaceae Nakai ** Gisekiaceae Nakai ** Aizoaceae Martinov, nom. cons. ** Phytolaccaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * ** Petiveriaceae C.Agardh * (including Rivinaceae C.Agardh) ** Sarcobataceae Behnke ** Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Molluginaceae Bartl., nom. cons. * ** Montiaceae Raf. ** Didiereaceae Radlk., nom. cons. ** Basellaceae Raf., nom. cons. **

Halophytaceae ''Halophytum ameghinoi'' is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus ''Halophytum''. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solitar ...

S.Soriano ** Talinaceae Doweld ** Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Anacampserotaceae Eggli & Nyffeler ** Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons.

Asterids

* Cornales Link ** Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons. ** Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Loasaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Curtisiaceae Takht. ** Grubbiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons. ** Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. * Ericales Bercht. & J.Presl ** Balsaminaceae A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Marcgraviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. ** Tetrameristaceae Hutch. **

Fouquieriaceae ''Fouquieria'' is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the Family (biology), family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo (''Fouquieria splendens, F. splendens'') and the Boojum tree or cirio (''Fouquieria columnar ...

DC., nom. cons. ** Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Lecythidaceae A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw ** Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Ebenaceae The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It ...

Gürke, nom. cons. ** Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. ** Theaceae Mirb., nom. cons. ** Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons. ** Diapensiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. **

Styracaceae The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The family is c ...

DC. & Spreng., nom. cons. ** Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. **

Roridulaceae ''Roridula'' (; from Latin ''roridus'' "dewy") is a genus of evergreen, insect-trapping shrubs, with two species, of about 1⅓–2 m (4–6⅔ ft). It is the only genus in the family Roridulaceae. It has thin, woody, shyly branching, upright, in ...

Martinov, nom. cons. ** Actinidiaceae Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons. ** Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. ** Cyrillaceae Lindl., nom. cons. ** Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (placement in order unclear) * Icacinales Tiegh. † **

Oncothecaceae ''Oncotheca'' is a genus of tree endemic to New Caledonia. There are two species, '' Oncotheca balansae'' and '' Oncotheca humboldtiana''. ''Oncotheca'' is the sole genus of the Oncothecaceae, which is one of three families of flowering plants ...

Kobuski ex Airy Shaw ** Icacinaceae Miers, nom. cons. * *

Takht. † ** Metteniusaceae H.Karst. ex Schnizl. * * Garryales Mart. ** Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons. * Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Rubiaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. ** Gelsemiaceae L.Struwe & V.A.Albert * (including Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt) ** Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Boraginales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl † ** Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (including Codonaceae Weigend & Hilger) *

Doweld † **

Vahliaceae :''The later homonym Vahlia Dahl is now known as Dombeya.'' ''Vahlia'' is a genus of herbs and subshrubs that grow in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. There are at least five species. The genus is placed alone in family ''Vahliaceae''. This ...

Dandy * Solanales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Convolvulaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Montiniaceae Nakai, nom. cons. ** Sphenocleaceae T.Baskerv., nom. cons. ** Hydroleaceae R.Br. * Lamiales Bromhead **

Plocospermataceae ''Plocosperma'' is the sole genus in the Plocospermataceae,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)Plocospermataceae ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'', retrieved 2013-08-15 a family of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fru ...

Hutch. **

Carlemanniaceae The Carlemanniaceae are a tropical East Asian and Southeast Asian family of subshrub to herbaceous perennial flowering plants with 2 genera. Older systems of plant taxonomy place the two genera, ''Carlemannia'', and ''Silvianthus'' within the C ...

Airy Shaw ** Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. ** Tetrachondraceae Wettst. ** Calceolariaceae Olmstead ** Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss., nom. cons. * (the position of ''Peltanthera'' Benth. is problematic and here considered unplaced to family) ** Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Linderniaceae Borsch et al. ** Byblidaceae Domin, nom. cons. ** Martyniaceae Horan., nom. cons. ** Pedaliaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons. ** Schlegeliaceae Reveal ** Thomandersiaceae Sreem. ** Verbenaceae J.St.Hil., nom. cons. **

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

Martinov, nom. cons. (= Labiatae Juss., nom. cons.) ** Mazaceae Reveal ** Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. * ** Paulowniaceae Nakai ** Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. * (including Lindenbergiaceae Doweld, Rehmanniaceae Reveal) * Aquifoliales Senft ** Stemonuraceae Kårehed ** Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons. ** Phyllonomaceae Small ** Helwingiaceae Decne. ** Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. * Asterales Link ** Rousseaceae DC. ** Campanulaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Pentaphragmataceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Stylidiaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw ** Phellinaceae Takht. ** Argophyllaceae Takht. ** Menyanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Goodeniaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Calyceraceae R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. ** Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (= Compositae Giseke, nom. cons.) * Escalloniales Link ** Escalloniaceae R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. * Bruniales Dumort. ** Columelliaceae D.Don, nom. cons. ** Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons. * Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal **

Paracryphiaceae The Paracryphiaceae are a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, southeast Asia, and New Caledonia. In the APG III system of 2009, the family is placed in its own order, Paracryphiales, in the campanulid clade of the asterids. In ...

Airy Shaw * Dipsacales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Adoxaceae E.Mey., nom. cons. (= Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons. prop.) ** Caprifoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Apiales Nakai ** Pennantiaceae J.Agardh ** Torricelliaceae Hu ** Griseliniaceae Takht., nom. cons. prop. ** Pittosporaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Myodocarpaceae The Myodocarpaceae are a family of plants including two genera, '' Delarbrea'', '' Myodocarpus''. The family is accepted under the APG II system and APG III systems. In earlier systems the two genera were included among the Araliaceae The A ...

Doweld ** Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons.)

Phylogeny

Like the earlier APG systems, the APG IV revision is based on a

phylogenetic tree A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

for the angiosperms, as shown below.

References

Bibliography

* * * * * {{List of systems of plant taxonomy APG 04 2016 in science 2016 introductions