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Buxaceae
The Buxaceae are a small family of six genera and about 123 known species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution. A seventh genus, sometimes accepted in the past (''Notobuxus''), has been shown by genetic studies to be included within ''Buxus'' (Balthazar ''et al.'', 2000). The family is recognised by most taxonomists, and it is commonly known as the box family. However, its placement and circumscription has varied; some taxonomists treated '' Styloceras'' in its own family Stylocerataceae, ''Didymeles'' in its own family Didymelaceae, ''Haptanthus'' in Haptanthaceae (now all included in Buxaceae)), and formerly '' Simmondsia'' was included, which is not related and now usually placed in its own family Simmondsiaceae. The APG II system of 2003 recognises the family, but in a new circumscription in that it includes the genus ''Didymeles'' (two species of evergreen trees from Madagascar). However, APG II does allow the option of segr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buxales
The Buxales are a small order of eudicot flowering plants, recognized by the APG IV system of 2016. The order includes the family Buxaceae; the families Didymelaceae and Haptanthaceae may also be recognized or may be included in the Buxaceae. Many members of the order are evergreen shrubs or trees, although some are herbaceous perennials. They have separate "male" (staminate) and "female" (carpellate) flowers, mostly on the same plant (i.e. they are mostly monoecious). Some species are of economic importance either for the wood they produce or as ornamental plants. Description The Buxales have relatively few obvious shared features distinguishing them from related groups of plants (i.e. few obvious synapomorphies). One is the presence of a particular type of alkaloid or pseudoalkaloid, pregnane steroids. They have unisexual flowers (i.e. separate staminate or "male" flowers and carpellate or "female" flowers), most being monoecious. The flowers are small, less than 7 mm acr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buxaceae
The Buxaceae are a small family of six genera and about 123 known species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution. A seventh genus, sometimes accepted in the past (''Notobuxus''), has been shown by genetic studies to be included within ''Buxus'' (Balthazar ''et al.'', 2000). The family is recognised by most taxonomists, and it is commonly known as the box family. However, its placement and circumscription has varied; some taxonomists treated '' Styloceras'' in its own family Stylocerataceae, ''Didymeles'' in its own family Didymelaceae, ''Haptanthus'' in Haptanthaceae (now all included in Buxaceae)), and formerly '' Simmondsia'' was included, which is not related and now usually placed in its own family Simmondsiaceae. The APG II system of 2003 recognises the family, but in a new circumscription in that it includes the genus ''Didymeles'' (two species of evergreen trees from Madagascar). However, APG II does allow the option of segr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didymeles
''Didymeles'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is variously treated as the only genus of the family Didymelaceae — or in the family Buxaceae, as in the APG IV system. The genus ''Didymeles'' is restricted to Madagascar and the Comoros. In Madagascar, the two species are found in humid montane habitats, up to 1,500 m, in two disconnected areas in the north-east and south-east of the island. Fossils assignable to this genus have been found in New Zealand, suggesting a much wider distribution in the past. The conservation status of ''D. integrifolia'' has been assessed as of "least concern". Description Species are dioecious (i.e. "male" and "female" flowers occur on separate plants). Individual flowers have a very simple structure, without obvious petals or sepals. Female flowers have been interpreted in different ways, either as having two carpels or as occurring close together in pairs, each with a single carpel. ''Didymeles'' species are evergreen trees. The simp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haptanthus
''Haptanthus'' is a monotypic genus containing the sole species ''Haptanthus hazlettii'', a shrub or small tree known only from the locality of Matarras in the Arizona Municipality in Honduras. Its flowers are unique among the flowering plants. A single "female" (carpellate) flower has two branches on either side which carry "male" (staminate) flowers. The flowers are very simple, lacking obvious sepals or petals. The family placement of the genus has been uncertain, but based on molecular phylogenetic research, it is included in the family Buxaceae . Very few individuals have ever been found and its habitat is threatened by logging. Description ''Haptanthus hazlettii'' is a shrub or tree. It has opposite leaves spaced at 5.5–6.0 cm apart, usually arranged in two ranks (distichous). The leaves are simple with untoothed (entire) margins. There are no stipules. The leaf stalk ( petiole) is short, 7–8 mm long, the leaf blade (lamina) 10–13.5 cm long by 4.1– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didymelaceae
''Didymeles'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is variously treated as the only genus of the family Didymelaceae — or in the family Buxaceae, as in the APG IV system. The genus ''Didymeles'' is restricted to Madagascar and the Comoros. In Madagascar, the two species are found in humid montane habitats, up to 1,500 m, in two disconnected areas in the north-east and south-east of the island. Fossils assignable to this genus have been found in New Zealand, suggesting a much wider distribution in the past. The conservation status of ''D. integrifolia'' has been assessed as of "least concern". Description Species are dioecious (i.e. "male" and "female" flowers occur on separate plants). Individual flowers have a very simple structure, without obvious petals or sepals. Female flowers have been interpreted in different ways, either as having two carpels or as occurring close together in pairs, each with a single carpel. ''Didymeles'' species are evergreen trees. The simp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styloceras
''Styloceras'' is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Buxaceae. It is native to South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe .... Taxonomy The following species are currently recognized: *'' Styloceras brokawii'' A.H.Gentry & R.B.Foster *'' Styloceras columnare'' Müll.Arg. *'' Styloceras connatum'' Torrez & P.Jørg. *'' Styloceras kunthianum'' A.Juss. *'' Styloceras laurifolium'' (Willd.) Kunth *'' Styloceras penninervium'' A.H.Gentry & G.A.Aymard References Eudicot genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{eudicot-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buxus
''Buxus'' is a genus of about seventy species in the family Buxaceae. Common names include box or boxwood. The boxes are native to western and southern Europe, southwest, southern and eastern Asia, Africa, Madagascar, northernmost South America, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean, with the majority of species being tropical or subtropical; only the European and some Asian species are frost-tolerant. Centres of diversity occur in Cuba (about 30 species), China (17 species) and Madagascar (9 species). They are slow-growing evergreen shrubs and small trees, growing to 2–12 m (rarely 15 m) tall. The leaves are opposite, rounded to lanceolate, and leathery; they are small in most species, typically 1.5–5 cm long and 0.3–2.5 cm broad, but up to 11 cm long and 5 cm broad in ''B. macrocarpa''. The flowers are small and yellow-green, monoecious with both sexes present on a plant. The fruit is a small capsule 0.5–1.5 cm long (to 3 cm i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachysandra
''Pachysandra'' is a genus of five species of evergreen perennials or subshrubs, belonging to the boxwood family Buxaceae. The species are native to eastern Asia and southeast North America, some reaching a height of , with only weakly woody stems. The leaves are alternate, leathery, with a coarsely toothed margin, and are typically long. The small uni-sexual blooms are greenish-white and produced in late spring or early summer. Etymology ''Pachysandra'' is derived from the Ancient Greek word παχύς (''pachýs'', 'thick') and the New Latin ''-androus'' ('of or pertaining to stamens'), and is a reference to the thick stamens.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. (hardback), (paperback). pp 63, 287 Species *'' Pachysandra axillaris'' - China *'' Pachysandra coriacea'' (sometimes classified as ''Sarcococca coriacea'') - India, Nepal, Myanmar *'' Pachysandra procumbens'' - Allegheny Pachysandra (southeast United States) *'' Pachysandra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG II System
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003)An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system. History APG II was published as: *Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. (Available onlineAbstractFull text (HTML)Full text (PDF) doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x) Each o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcococca
''Sarcococca'' (sweet box or Christmas box) is a genus of 11 species of flowering plants in the box family (biology), family Buxaceae, native plant, native to eastern and southeastern Asia and the Himalayas. They are slow-growing, monoecious, evergreen shrubs tall. The leaf, leaves are borne alternately, 3–12 cm long and 1–4 cm broad. The plants bear fragrant white flowers, often in winter. The fruit is a red or black drupe containing 1–3 seeds. Some species are cultivated as groundcover or low hedging in moist, shady areas. The basic chromosome number for genus is 14 (2n = 28). The genus name ''Sarcococca'' comes from the Greek σάρξ (''sárx'') and κόκκος (''kókkos'') for "fleshy berry", referring to the black fruit. Selected species *''Sarcococca confusa'' Sealy – Sweet box *''Sarcococca hookeriana'' Baill. *''Sarcococca humilis'' Stapf *''Sarcococca longifolia'' M. Cheng *''Sarcococca longipetiolata'' M. Cheng *''Sarcococca orientalis'' C. Y. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG IV System
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998. In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately; the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one. Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families. In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG System
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG II in 2003, APG III system in 2009 and APG IV system in 2016. History The original APG system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistic analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes. Although based on molecular evidence only, its constituent groups prove to be supported by other evidence as well, for example pollen morphology supports the split between the eudicots and the rest of the former dicotyledons. The system is rather controversial in its decisions at the family level, splitting a number of long-established families and submerging some other families. It also is unusual in not using botanical names above the level of order, that is, an orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
