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Stemonaceae
The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. One native species is found in the United States. In earlier systems the family was called Roxburghiaceae, after ''Roxburghia'', now ''Stemona''. Description The stems are sometimes erect or trailing with green or yellow-green color or in some cases with reddish appearance. Leaves are dark green and also alternate in the majority of the members. Flowers are born in short cymes produced from the lower parts of the plant. Seeds are ellipsoidal or globular. As in other members of the Pandanales, the flower morphology in the Stemonaceae is distinctively developed and rather atypical for other monocots. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandanales
Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots where they are in a sister group relationship with the Dioscoreales. Historically the order has consisted of a number of different families in different systems but modern classification of the order is based primarily on molecular phylogenetics despite diverse morphology which previously placed many of the families in other groupings based on apparent similarity. Members of the order have a subtropical distribution and includes trees, shrubs, and vines as well as herbaceous plants. The order consists of 5 families, 36 genera and about 1,610 species. Description Pandanales are highly diverse including large arboraceous plants of tropical rainforests and coastal areas, climbing vines and lianas, as well as very small achlorophyllous (mycoh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stichoneuron
''Stichoneuron'' is a genus in the family Stemonaceae erected in 1883. ''Stichoneuron'' is native to Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia.Inthachub, P., Vajrodaya, S. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2009). Review of the genus ''Stichoneuron'' (Stemonaceae). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66: 213-228. ; Species * ''Stichoneuron bognerianum'' Duyfjes - Johor * ''Stichoneuron calcicola'' Inthachub - southern Thailand * ''Stichoneuron caudatum'' Ridl. - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia * '' Stichoneuron halabalense'' Inthachub - southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia * ''Stichoneuron membranaceum'' Hook.f. - Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ... References Pandanales genera Stemonaceae Taxa named by Joseph Dalton Hooker {{Pan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croomia
Croomia is a genus of primitive angiosperm herbs in the Stemonaceae family, first described as a genus in 1840. Taxonomy Once included in its own family, Croomiaceae, ''Croomia'' has also previously been included in Dioscoreaceae. Subdivision About six species. * ''Croomia heterosepala'' (Baker) Okuyama - Japan * ''Croomia hyugaensis'' Kadota & Mas.Saito - Kyushu * ''Croomia japonica'' Miq. - Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chugoku, Kyushu * ''Croomia kinoshitae'' Kadota - Shikoku * ''Croomia pauciflora'' (Nutt.) Torr. - United States ( FL GA AL LA) * ''Croomia saitoana'' Kadota - Kyushu Distribution and habitat ''Croomia'' is native to China, Japan, and the southeastern United States. The plants grow in moist, shady woods. Their small flowers are borne beneath the leaves. References Bibliography * External links ''C. pauciflora'' at the Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants''C. pauciflora'' at the USDA Plants DatabaseImage of ''C. pauciflora'' at Torreya State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stemona
''Stemona'' is a genus of vines and subshrubs in the family Stemonaceae The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. ..., described as a genus in 1790. ''Stemona'' is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and northern Australia. Species Fossil record 2 fossil seeds of †''Stemona germanica'' from the early Miocene, have been found in the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, the Czech Republic. Fossil seeds of ''Stemona germanica'' have also been recorded from the nearby Hartau in Germany. ''Stemona'' fossil seeds are recorded from many European sites ranging in ages from the Maastrichtian to the Late Miocene.A review of the early Miocene Mastixioid flora of the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, The Czech Repub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentastemona
Pentastemona is a genus in the family Stemonaceae, described as a genus in 1982. In 1992, Duyfjes placed the genus in its own family, the Pentastemonaceae, but this is not widely accepted. The entire genus is endemic to the Island of Sumatra in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine .... ; Species * '' Pentastemona egregia'' (Schott) Steenis * '' Pentastemona sumatrana'' Steenis References Pandanales genera Endemic flora of Sumatra Stemonaceae {{Pandanales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croomia Heterosepala
Croomia is a genus of primitive angiosperm herbs in the Stemonaceae family, first described as a genus in 1840. Taxonomy Once included in its own family, Croomiaceae, ''Croomia'' has also previously been included in Dioscoreaceae. Subdivision About six species. * ''Croomia heterosepala'' (Baker) Okuyama - Japan * ''Croomia hyugaensis'' Kadota & Mas.Saito - Kyushu * ''Croomia japonica'' Miq. - Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chugoku, Kyushu * ''Croomia kinoshitae'' Kadota - Shikoku * ''Croomia pauciflora'' (Nutt.) Torr. - United States ( FL GA AL LA) * ''Croomia saitoana'' Kadota - Kyushu Distribution and habitat ''Croomia'' is native to China, Japan, and the southeastern United States. The plants grow in moist, shady woods. Their small flowers are borne beneath the leaves. References Bibliography * External links ''C. pauciflora'' at the Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants''C. pauciflora'' at the USDA Plants DatabaseImage of ''C. pauciflora'' at Torreya State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodoro Caruel
Théodore (Teodoro) Caruel (27 June 1830 – 4 December 1898) was an Italian botanist of French-English parentage who specialized in flora of Tuscany. He was born in Chandernagor, a French colonial enclave north of Calcutta, where his father served as a French official. At the age of 15, he moved with his family to Florence, where soon afterwards, he developed an interest in natural sciences, in particular, flora native to Tuscany. In 1858 he began work as an assistant to Filippo Parlatore, and within a few years was given the title of coadjutor. With Parlatore, he conducted research at the ''Orto Botanico di Firenze'' (botanic museum of Florence) and worked on the development of the Florence herbarium.Google Books Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, Volume 37 edited by Berthold Seemann [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizome
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow horizontally. The rhizome also retains the ability to allow new shoots to grow upwards. A rhizome is the main stem of the plant that runs underground horizontally. A stolon is similar to a rhizome, but a stolon sprouts from an existing stem, has long internodes, and generates new shoots at the end, such as in the strawberry plant. In general, rhizomes have short internodes, send out roots from the bottom of the nodes, and generate new upward-growing shoots from the top of the nodes. A stem tuber is a thickened part of a rhizome or stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ. In general, a tuber is high in starch, e.g. the potato, which is a modified stolon. The term "tuber" is often used imprecisely and is sometimes applied to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrion
Carrion () is the decaying flesh of dead animals, including human flesh. Overview Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, condors, hawks, eagles, hyenas, Virginia opossum, Tasmanian devils, coyotes and Komodo dragons. Many invertebrates, such as the carrion and burying beetles, as well as maggots of calliphorid flies (such as one of the most important species in '' Calliphora vomitoria'') and flesh-flies, also eat carrion, playing an important role in recycling nitrogen and carbon in animal remains. Carrion begins to decay at the moment of the animal's death, and it will increasingly attract insects and breed bacteria. Not long after the animal has died, its body will begin to exude a foul odor caused by the presence of bacteria and the emission of cadaverine and putrescine. Some plants and fungi smell like decomposing carrion and attract insects that a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains. Insects are the major pollinators of most plants, and insect pollinators include all families of bees and most families of aculeate wasps; ants; many families of flies; many lepidopterans (both butterflies and moths); and many families of beetles. Vertebrates, mainly bats and birds, but also some non-bat mammals (monkeys, lemurs, possums, rodents) and some lizards pollinate certain plants. Among the pollinating birds are hummingbirds, honeyeaters and sunbirds with long beaks; they pollinate a number of deep-throated flowers. Humans may also carry out artificial pollination. A pollinator is different from a pollenizer, a plant that is a source of pollen for the pollination process. Background Plants fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin ''creta'', "chalk", which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation ''Kreide''. The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now- extinct marine reptiles, ammonites, and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to dominate on land. The world was ice free, and forests extended to the poles. During this time, new groups of mammals and birds appeared. During the Early Cretaceous, flowering plants appeared and began to rapidly diversify, becoming the dominant group of plants across the Earth b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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