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Hernandiaceae
The Hernandiaceae are a family of flowering plants (angiosperms) in the order Laurales. Consisting of five genera with about 58 known species, they are distributed over the world's tropical areas, some of them widely distributed in coastal areas, but they occur from sea level to over 2000 m. The family is closely related to the Lauraceae, and many species inhabit laurel forest habitat; they have laurel-like (lauroid) leaves. Based on morphology, chromosome numbers, geographical distribution, and phylogenetic analyses, the family is clearly divided into two groups that have been given the rank of subfamilies Gyrocarpoideae and Hernandioideae. Overview The Hernandiaceae are important components of tropical forests, ranging from low-lying to montane forests. In general, there is a worldwide lack of knowledge about the family; little is yet known about its diversity. At a national level, in some countries with limited economic means, the majority of specimens are poorly determined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurales
The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales. The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate zone. The best known species in this order are those of the Lauraceae (for example bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, and ''Sassafras''), and the ornamental shrub ''Calycanthus'' of the Calycanthaceae. The earliest lauraceous fossils are from the early Cretaceous. It is possible that the ancient origin of this order is one of the reasons for its highly diverged morphology. Presently no single morphological property is known, which would unify all the members of Laurales. The presently accepted classification is based on molecular and genetic analysis. Classification The first botanist to think of the Laurales as a natural group was H. Hallier in 1905. He viewed them as being derived from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hernandia
''Hernandia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hernandiaceae. It was named after the Spanish botanist Francisco Hernández de Toledo. Species , ''Plants of the World Online'' accepted the following species: * ''Hernandia albiflora'' (C.T.White) Kubitzki – northeast Queensland * '' Hernandia beninensis'' Welw. ex Henriq. – São Tomé * '' Hernandia bivalvis'' Benth. – eastern Queensland * '' Hernandia catalpifolia'' Britton & Harris – Jamaica * ''Hernandia cordigera'' Vieill. – New Caledonia * '' Hernandia cubensis'' Griseb. – Cuba * ''Hernandia didymantha'' Donn.Sm. – southern Mexico (Chiapas), Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador * ''Hernandia drakeana'' Nadeaud – Society Islands (Moorea) * ''Hernandia guianensis'' Aubl. – Trinidad, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil * '' Hernandia hammelii'' D'Arcy – Panama * '' Hernandia jamaicensis'' Britton & Harris – Jamaica * ''Hernandia kunstleri'' King ex K.Heyne * ''Hernandia labyrinthica'' T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illigera
''Illigera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hernandiaceae, found tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Species To date, 53 species have been named, but only the following are accepted:The Plant List">The Plant List: ''Illigera''/ref> * ''Illigera appendiculata'' Carl Ludwig Blume, Blume (type species) * ''Illigera aromatica'' S.Z. Huang & S.L. Mo * ''Illigera brevistaminata'' Y.R. Li * ''Illigera celebica'' Miq. * ''Illigera cordata'' Dunn * ''Illigera glabra'' Y.R. Li * '' Illigera grandiflora'' W.W. Sm. & Jeffrey * '' Illigera henryi'' W.W. Sm. * '' Illigera khasiana'' C.B. Clarke * '' Illigera luzonensis'' (C. Presl) Merr. * '' Illigera nervosa'' Merr. * '' Illigera orbiculata'' C.Y. Wu * '' Illigera parviflora'' Dunn * '' Illigera pentaphylla'' Welw. * '' Illigera pseudoparviflora'' Y.R. Li * '' Illigera rhodantha'' Hance (synonym ''I. petelotii'') * ''Illigera trifoliata'' (Griff.) Dunn * ''Illigera vespertilio'' (Benth.) Baker f. Other unresolved species incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrocarpus
''Gyrocarpus'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the Hernandiaceae family with a wide pantropical distribution. Species * ''Gyrocarpus americanus'' Jacq. (Pantropical A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers Tropics, tropical regions of both hemispheres. Examples of species include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera ''Acacia'' and ''Bacopa''. ''Neotropical'' is a zoogeogra ...) * '' Gyrocarpus angustifolius'' (Verdc.) Thulin (Africa) * '' Gyrocarpus hababensis'' Chiov. (Africa) * '' Gyrocarpus jatrophifolius'' Domin (Central and North America) * '' Gyrocarpus mocinnoi'' Espejo (Mexico) References * Hernandiaceae Pantropical flora {{Laurales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazomalania
''Hernandia voyronii'', commonly known as Hazomalany, is a species of plant in the Hernandiaceae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Description ''Hernandia voyronii'' is a large tree which grows from 15 to 25 meters tall. Range and habitat ''Hernandia voyronii'' is endemic to western and southwestern Madagascar. It is found in southern Melaky region, western Menabe region, and west-central Atsimo-Andrefana region, from sea level to 658 meters elevation. It is found in the Tsimembo Forest and Antseva Forest and along the Iakora-Ihosy Road. The species' estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 70,569 km2, and its estimated area of occupancy (AOO) is 94 km2. It grows in spiny thicket, dry forest, and succulent woodland habitats, typically on sandstone and unconsolidated sand substrates. Young trees grow in shade, so reproduction requires limited habitat disturbance. Population and threats The species is known from 77 occurrences in 18 subpopulations. Subpopulations are generall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparattanthelium
''Sparattanthelium'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Hernandiaceae The Hernandiaceae are a family of flowering plants (angiosperms) in the order Laurales. Consisting of five genera with about 58 known species, they are distributed over the world's tropical areas, some of them widely distributed in coastal areas .... Its native range is Southern Mexico to Southern Tropical America. Species Species: *'' Sparattanthelium acreanum'' *'' Sparattanthelium amazonum'' *'' Sparattanthelium aruakorum'' *'' Sparattanthelium borororum'' *'' Sparattanthelium botocudorum'' *'' Sparattanthelium burchellii'' *'' Sparattanthelium glabrum'' *'' Sparattanthelium guianense'' *'' Sparattanthelium tarapotanum'' *'' Sparattanthelium tupiniquinorum'' *'' Sparattanthelium wonotoboense'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6133000 Hernandiaceae Laurales genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Ludwig Blume
Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796, Braunschweig – 3 February 1862, Leiden) was a German-Dutch botanist. He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life working in the Dutch East Indies and in the Netherlands, where he was Director of the Rijksherbarium (state herbarium) at Leiden. His name is sometimes given in the Dutch language form Karel Lodewijk Blume, but the original German spelling is the one most widely used in botanical texts: even then there is confusion, as he is sometimes referred to as K.L. Blume (from Karl). He carried out extensive studies of the flora of southern Asia, particularly in Java, then a colony of the Netherlands. From 1823 to 1826 Blume was Deputy Director of Agriculture at the botanic garden in Bogor (Buitenzorg) in Java. In 1827 he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands. In 1855, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essential Oil
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the oil of the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An essential oil is essential in the sense that it contains the essence of the plant's fragrance—the characteristic fragrance of the plant from which it is derived. The term "essential" used here does ''not'' mean indispensable or usable by the human body, as with the terms essential amino acid or essential fatty acid, which are so called because they are nutritionally required by a living organism. Essential oils are generally extracted by distillation, often by using steam. Other processes include expression, solvent extraction, '' sfumatura'', absolute oil extraction, resin tapping, wax embedding, and cold pressing. They are used in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loss Of Habitat
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby reducing biodiversity and species abundance. Habitat destruction is the leading cause of biodiversity loss. Fragmentation and loss of habitat have become one of the most important topics of research in ecology as they are major threats to the survival of endangered species. Activities such as harvesting natural resources, industrial production and urbanization are human contributions to habitat destruction. Pressure from agriculture is the principal human cause. Some others include mining, logging, trawling, and urban sprawl. Habitat destruction is currently considered the primary cause of species extinction worldwide. Environmental factors can contribute to habitat destruction more indirectly. Geological processes, climate change, introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrubs
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height, less than tall. Small shrubs, less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall are sometimes termed as subshrubs. Many botanical groups have species that are shrubs, and others that are trees and herbaceous plants instead. Some definitions state that a shrub is less than and a tree is over 6 m. Others use as the cut-off point for classification. Many species of tree may not reach this mature height because of hostile less than ideal growing conditions, and resemble a shrub-sized plant. However, such species have the potential to grow taller under the ideal growing conditions for that plant. In terms of longevity, most shrubs fit in a class between perennials and trees; some may only last about five ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liana
A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth – much like ''tree'' or ''shrub''. It comes from standard French ''liane'', itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning to sheave. Ecology Lianas are characteristic of tropical moist broadleaf forests (especially seasonal forests), but may be found in temperate rainforests and temperate deciduous forests. There are also temperate lianas, for example the members of the ''Clematis'' or ''Vitis'' (wild grape) genera. Lianas can form bridges amidst the forest canopy, providing arboreal animals with paths across the forest. These bridges can protect weaker trees from strong winds. Lianas compete with forest trees for sunlight, water and nutrients from the soil. Forests without lian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipule
In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species they may be inconspicuous —or sometimes entirely absent, and the leaf is then termed ''exstipulate''. (In some older botanical writing, the term "stipule" was used more generally to refer to any small leaves or leaf-parts, notably prophylls.) The word ''stipule'' was coined by Linnaeus''Concise English Dictionary'' Wordsworth Editions Ltd. 1994, from Latin ''stipula'', straw, stalk. Types of stipules General characteristics The position of stipules on a plant varies widely from species to species, though they are often located near the base of a leaf. Stipules are most common on dicotyledons, where they appear in pairs alongside each leaf. Some monocotyledon plants display stipule-like structures, but only display one per leaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
