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Theales
Theales is a botanical name at the rank of order. Early classifications such as that of Dahlgren placed the Theales in the superorder Theiflorae (also called Theanae). The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae, in the 1981 version of the system the circumscription was: * order Theales *: family Ochnaceae *: family Sphaerosepalaceae *: family Dipterocarpaceae *: family Caryocaraceae *: family Theaceae *: family Actinidiaceae *: family Scytopetalaceae *: family Pentaphylacaceae *: family Tetrameristaceae *: family Pellicieraceae *: family Oncothecaceae *: family Marcgraviaceae *: family Quiinaceae *: family Elatinaceae *: family Paracryphiaceae *: family Medusagynaceae *: family Clusiaceae In the APG II system (used here) the taxa involved are assigned to many different orders, among which are Ericales, Malvales, and Malpighiales The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 familie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronquist System
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) (''see'' Bibliography). Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida ( dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida. ''The Evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dilleniidae
Dillenidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family Dilleniaceae. A well-known system that uses this name is the Cronquist system, and in the original 1981 version of the system the circumscription was: * subclass Dilleniidae *: order Dilleniales *: order Theales *: order Malvales *: order Lecythidales *: order Nepenthales *: order Violales *: order Salicales *: order Capparales *: order Batales *: order Ericales *: order Diapensiales *: order Ebenales *: order Primulales Recent molecular systematic studies have shown that this group is polyphyletic. The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order but assigns the plants involved to various orders in the asterids and rosids clades. References Further reading * {{Cite book , last1=Holmgren , first1=Noel H. , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0kQAQAAMAA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinidiaceae
The Actinidiaceae are a small family of flowering plants. The family has three genera and about 360 species and is a member of the order Ericales. Distribution They are temperate and subtropical woody vines, shrubs, and trees, native to Asia ('' Actinidia'' or kiwifruit, '' Clematoclethra'', and ''Saurauia'') and Central America and South America (''Saurauia'' only). ''Saurauia'', with its 300 species, is the largest genus in this family. Although now confined to Asia and tropical Central and South America, evidence indicates in the past the family had a wider distribution. The now extinct genus ''Parasaurauia'' is thought to have belonged to the Actinidiaceae and lived in North America during the early Campanian. Characteristics The plants are usually small trees or shrubs, or sometimes vines (''Actinidia''). The alternate, simple, spiral leaves have serrated or entire margins. They lack stipules or are minutely stipulated. They are often beset with rather flattened brist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanical Name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the '' International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants'' (ICNCP). The code of nomenclature covers "all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae ( Cyanobacteria), chytrids, oomycetes, slime moulds and photosynthetic protists with their taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups (but excluding Microsporidia)." The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group. For example, the botanical name ''Bellis perennis'' denotes a plant species which is native to most of the countries of Europe and the Middle East, where it has accumulated various names in many languages. Later, the plant was intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oncothecaceae
''Oncotheca'' is a genus of tree endemic to New Caledonia. There are two species, '' Oncotheca balansae'' and '' Oncotheca humboldtiana''. ''Oncotheca'' is the sole genus of the Oncothecaceae, which is one of three families of flowering plants endemic to New Caledonia. Its placement has been enigmatic for a long time, but a recent phylogenetic analysisStull, G. W., R. Duno de Stefano, D. E. Soltis, and P. S. Soltis. (2015). Resolving Basal Lamiid Phylogeny and the Circumscription of Icacinaceae with a Plastome-Scale Data Set.” American Journal of Botany 102 (11): 1794–1813. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500298. based on 73 plastid genes found it to be sister to Icacinaceae The Icacinaceae, also called the white pear family, are a family of flowering plants,"Icacinaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website (see ''External links'' below). consisting of trees, shrubs, and lianas, pri .... It is now placed in the order Icacinales. References As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malvales
The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and trees; most of its families have a cosmopolitan distribution in the tropics and subtropics, with limited expansion into temperate regions. An interesting distribution occurs in Madagascar, where three endemic families of Malvales (Sphaerosepalaceae, Sarcolaenaceae and Diegodendraceae) occur. Many species of Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' are known for their wood, with that of ''Ochroma'' (balsa) being known for its lightness, and that of ''Tilia'' (lime, linden, or basswood) as a popular wood for carving. Fruit of the cacao tree (''Theobroma cacao'') are used as an ingredient for chocolate. Kola nuts (genus ''Cola'') are notable for their high content of caffeine and, in past, were commonly used for preparing of various cola drinks. Other well-k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for Camellia sinensis, tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, Argania, argan, and azalea. The order includes trees, shrub, bushes, lianas, and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary Photosynthesis, autophytic plants, the Ericales include chlorophyll-deficient mycoheterotrophic plants (e.g., ''Sarcodes sanguinea'') and carnivorous plants (e.g., genus ''Sarracenia''). Many species have five petals, often grown together. Fusion of the petals as a trait was traditionally used to place the order in the subclass Sympetalae. Mycorrhiza, Mycorrhizal associations are quite common among the order representatives, and three kinds of mycorrhiza are found exclusively among Ericales (namely, ericoid, arbutoid and monotropoid mycorrhiza). In addition, some families among the order are notable for their exceptional ability to accumulate aluminum. Er ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG II System
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003)An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system. History APG II was published as: *Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. (Available onlineAbstractFull text (HTML)Full text (PDF) doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x) Each o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clusiaceae
The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae. They are mostly trees and shrubs, with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. The family is primarily tropical. More so than many plant families, it shows large variation in plant morphology (for example, three to 10, fused or unfused petals, and many other traits). According to the APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales. One feature which is sometimes found in this family, and rarely in others (e.g., Malpighiaceae), is providing pollinators with rewards other than pollen or nectar; specifically, some species offer resin which bees use in nest construction (all three rewards are found in different species of the Clusiaceae). Taxonomic history The family Clusiaceae was divided by Cronquist into two subfamilies: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracryphiaceae
The Paracryphiaceae are a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, southeast Asia, and New Caledonia. In the APG III system of 2009, the family is placed in its own order (biology), order, Paracryphiales, in the euasterids II, campanulid clade of the asterids. In the earlier APG II system, the family was unplaced as to order and included only ''Paracryphia''. As presently circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed, the family includes three genera: * ''Paracryphia'' Edmund Gilbert Baker, Baker f. – 1 species, endemic to New Caledonia * ''Quintinia'' Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle, A.DC – 25 species in the Philippines, New Guinea, the east coast of Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia; formerly placed in the Quintiniaceae * ''Sphenostemon'' Henri Ernest Baillon, Baill. – 10 species in New Guinea, Australia (Queensland) and New Caledonia; formerly placed in the Sphenostemonaceae The evolutionary (phylogenetics, phylogenetic) relationship of the fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elatinaceae
Elatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with ca 35 (to perhaps 50) species in two genera: ''Elatine'' and ''Bergia''. The ''Elatine'' are mostly aquatic herbs, and the ''Bergia'' are subshrubs to shrubs. ''Elatine'' species are widely distributed throughout the world from temperate to tropical zones, with its greatest diversity found in temperate zones. ''Bergia'' is found in temperate to tropical Eurasia and Africa, with two tropical and one tropical to temperate species in the Americas. The center for biodiversity of ''Bergia'' is the Old World tropics, and this is also the center for biodiversity for the family. Neither genus is found in arctic ecosystems. Member of the family have bisexual flowers, usually small flowers, single, or in cymes, with two to five overlapping petals. The plants have opposite or whorled leaves, which may have glands along their margins, and have stipules. The aquatic herbs in the genus ''Elatine'' often have reduced characteristics as par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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