flowering plants
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of land plants
The Embryophyta () or land plants are the most familiar group of green plants that form vegetation on earth. Embryophyta is a c ...
. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist
Arthur John Cronquist (March 19, 1919 – March 22, 1992) was an American biologist, botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytolo ...
in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) (''see'' Bibliography
Image:Library-shelves-bibliographies-Graz.jpg, 250px, Bibliographies at the University Library of Graz
Bibliography (from and ), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is a ...
).
Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family ...
(dicotyledon
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or more rarely dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte ...
s) and Liliopsida
Liliopsida Batsch
August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (28 October 1761 – 29 September 1802) was a German naturalist
Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungus, fungi, and plants, in their natural env ...
(monocotyledon
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one Embryo#Plant embryos, embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. Th ...
s). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyt ...
classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida.
''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' 1968 (monocots)
Class Liliatae (Monocotyledoneae) * SubclassAlismatidae{{Short description, Subclass of flowering plants
Alismatidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such list of systems of plant taxonomy, sys ...
(4 orders)
** Order Alismatales
The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biolog ...
** Order Hydrocharitales
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Hydrocharitales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. A well-known system that used this name is the Cronquist system (1981), for an order in subclass Alismatidae, with this circumscription:
* ord ...
** Order Najadales
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Triuridales
Triuridales was an Order (biology), order of angiosperm, flower p ...
* Subclass
Triuridales was an Order (biology), order of angiosperm, flower p ...Commelinidae
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) (plural, not capitalised) is a clade
A clade (; from grc, , ''klados'', "branch"), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyly, mono ...
(8 orders)
** Order Commelinales
Commelinales is the botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name
Science (from the Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was ...
** Order Eriocaulales
** Order Restionales
** Order Juncales
Juncales is an order of flowering plants. In the Engler sy ...
** Order
Juncales is an order of flowering plants. In the Engler sy ...Cyperales
The Poales are a large order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, ...
** Order Typhales
''Typhales'' is a botanical name for an order (biology), order ...
** Order
''Typhales'' is a botanical name for an order (biology), order ...Bromeliales
Bromeliales is an Order (biology), order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by a few list of systems of plant taxonomy, systems of plant taxonomy, with a various placement. It appears that it always has had the same circumscr ...
** Order Zingiberales
The Zingiberales are flowering plant
Flowering plants include multiple members of the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek#REDIRECT Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything ...
* Subclass Arecidae
Arecidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass (biology), subclass. wiktionary:circumscription, Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the wiktionary:taxonomic system, taxonomic system being used (there are many such list of systems ...
(4 orders)
** Order Arecales
Arecales is an order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Orderliness
Orderliness is a quality that is characterized by a person’s interest in keeping their surroundings and themselves well organized, and is associated with other qualiti ...
** Order Cyclanthales
Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants.
Taxonomy
Earlier systems, such as the Cronquist system and the Takhtajan system, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Rolf Dahlgren, Dahlgren the Cy ...
** Order Pandanales
Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order
Order or ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Orderliness
Orderliness is associated with other qualities such as cleanliness
Cleanliness is both the abstract state of being clean and free from ge ...
** Order Arales
''Arales'' is an order of flowering plant ...
* Subclass
''Arales'' is an order of flowering plant ...Liliidae
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank (botany), rank of subclass (biology), subclass. wiktionary: circumscription, Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the wiktionary:taxonomic system, taxonomic syst ...
(2 orders)
** Order Liliales
Liliales is an order
Order or ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Orderliness
Orderliness is associated with other qualities such as cleanliness
Cleanliness is both the abstract state of being clean and free from germs, dirt, trash, or waste, and ...
*** Family Philydraceae
Philydraceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the w ...
*** Family Pontederiaceae
Pontederiaceae is a family of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, app ...
*** Family Liliaceae
The lily family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subj ...
(Alluaceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Aphyllanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Colchicaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Melanthiaceae, Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae, Ruscaceae, Trilliaceae)
*** Family Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales
Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order (biology), order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The o ...
*** Family Agavaceae
Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one Embryo#Plant emb ...
*** Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
''Xanthorrhoea'' () is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants endemic to Australia. Species are known by the name grass tree.
Description
All are Perennial plant, perennials and have a secondary growth, secondary thickening meristem ...
*** Family Velloziaceae
Velloziaceae is a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically ...
*** Family Haemodoraceae
up''Anigozanthos'' Bush Pearl. Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne.
Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with 14 genera and 102 known species. It is sometimes known as the "bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemis ...
(Tecophilaeceae)
*** Family Taccaceae
*** Family Cyanastraceae
Tecophilaeaceae is a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typic ...
*** Family Stemonaceae
The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledon
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering ...
(Roxburghiaceae)
*** Family Smilacaceae
Smilacaceae, the greenbriers, is a family of flowering plant
Flowering plants include multiple members of the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek#REDIRECT Greek
Greek may refer ...
*** Family Dioscoreaceae
Dioscoreaceae () is a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genus, genera. The best-known member of the family is the yam (vegetable), yam (some species of ''Dioscorea'').
The APG syst ...
(Stenomeridaceae, Trichopodaceae)
** Order Orchidales
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Image:Orchid Phalaenopsis hybrid.jpg, 250px, ''Phalaenopsis'' orchid
''Orchidales'' is an Order (biology), order of flowering plants. In list of systems of plant taxonomy, taxonomical systems, this is a relatively ...
*** Family Geosiridaceae
*** Family Burmanniaceae
Burmanniaceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the ...
(Thismiaceae)
*** Family Corsiaceae
Corsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system (2003) treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. This is a slight change from the APG system, of 1998, which left the family unplaced as to order ...
*** Family Orchidaceae
Orchidaceae ( ), common name, commonly called the orchid family, is a diverse and widespread family (biology), family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two la ...
(Apostasiaceae)
''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' 1981
Class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
#Subclass Magnoliidae (mostly basal dicots) ##OrderMagnoliales
The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants.
Classification
The Magnoliales include six families:
* Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas; mostly tropical but some temperate)
* Degeneriaceae (two s ...
###Winteraceae
Winteraceae is a primitive family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, ...
###Degeneriaceae
''Degeneria'' is a genus
Genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic rank
Taxonomy (general) is the practice and science of classification of things or concepts, including the principles that underlie such classification. The term may also refer to ...
###Himantandraceae
Himantandraceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants recognized by the APG II system of 2003, assigned to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids. The family consists of only one genus, ''Galbulimima'', of probably two species, ...
###Eupomatiaceae
''Eupomatia'' is a genus
Genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic rank
Taxonomy (general) is the practice and science of classification of things or concepts, including the principles that underlie such classification. The term may also refer to ...
###Austrobaileyaceae
''Austrobaileya'' is the sole genus
Genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic rank
Taxonomy (general) is the practice and science of classification of things or concepts, including the principles that underlie such classification. The term may ...
###Magnoliaceae
The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant
Flowering plants include multiple members of the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek#REDIRECT Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anyth ...
(magnolia family)
### Lactoridaceae
###Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest ...
###Myristicaceae
The Myristicaceae are a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typ ...
###Canellaceae
The Canellaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Canellales.Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. ''Plant Systematics: A Phyl ...
##Order Laurales
The Laurales are an order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, appro ...
###Amborellaceae
''Amborella'' is a monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group ( taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon.
A monotypic species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of biological classification, cla ...
###Trimeniaceae
Trimeniaceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the w ...
###Monimiaceae
The Monimiaceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain th ...
### Gomortegaceae
### Calycanthaceae
### Idiospermaceae
###Lauraceae
The flowering plant
Flowering plants include multiple members of the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek#REDIRECT Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or rel ...
(laurel family)
###Hernandiaceae
The Hernandiaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants, angiosperms, in the order Laurales. Consisting of five genera with about 58 known species, they are distributed over the world's tropical areas, some of them widely distributed ...
##Order Piperales
Piperales is an order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, approxima ...
###Chloranthaceae
Chloranthaceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain t ...
###Saururaceae
Saururaceae is a plant family comprising four genera and seven species of herbaceous flowering plants native to eastern and southern Asia and North America. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is sometimes known as the "lizard' ...
###Piperaceae
The Piperaceae, also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in 5 genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: '' Piper'' ...
(pepper family)
##Order Aristolochiales
Aristolochiaceae
The Aristolochiaceae () are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is ''Aristolochia'' Carl Linnaeus, L.
Description
They are mostly Pe ...
##Order Illiciales
Illiciales is an order of flowering plants that is not recognized by the current most widely used system of plant classification, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III system. The order was comprised differently in various systems of plant ...
###Illiciaceae
Illiciaceae Albert Charles Smith, A.C.Sm. was a family of flowering plants recognized in a number of systems of plant taxonomy. The Illiciaceae is not recognized as a distinct family by the APG III system of plant taxonomy, the most well accepte ...
### Schisandraceae
##Order Nymphaeales
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, a ...
###Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbonaceae is a family (biology), family of aquatic flowering plants. ''Nelumbo'' is the sole extant genus, containing Nelumbo lutea, native to North America, and Nelumbo nucifera, widespread in Asia. At least four other genera, ''Nelumbites' ...
(lotus family)
###Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizome, rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and Tropics, tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known ...
(waterlily family)
### Barclayaceae
###Cabombaceae
The Cabombaceae are a family of aquatic, herbaceous flowering plants. The family is recognised as distinct in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016). The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, '' Brasenia'' and '' Cabomba' ...
### Ceratophyllaceae
##Order Ranunculales
Ranunculales is an order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Orderliness
Orderliness is a quality that is characterized by a person’s interest in keeping their surroundings and themselves well organized, and is associated with other qua ...
###Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken in the area around Rome, known as Latiu ...
(buttercup family)
###Circaeasteraceae
Circaeasteraceae is a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typi ...
###Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biolo ...
### Sargentodoxaceae
###Lardizabalaceae
Lardizabalaceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain t ...
###Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, s ...
###Coriariaceae
''Coriaria'' is the sole genus in the family Coriariaceae, which was described by Linnaeus in 1753. It includes 14 species of small trees, shrub
A shrub (or bush, but this is more of a gardening term) is a small- to medium-sized perennial w ...
###Sabiaceae
Sabiaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants that were placed in the order Proteales according to the APG IV system. It comprises three genus, genera, ''Meliosma'', ''Ophiocaryon'' and ''Sabia (plant), Sabia'', with 66 known specie ...
##Order
###Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae are an economically important family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatia ...
(poppy family)
### Fumariaceae
#Subclass Hamamelidae
Hamamelididae is an obsolete botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name
Science (from the Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Lat ...
ic: correctly ''Hamamelididae''##Order Trochodendrales
Trochodendraceae is the only family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to ma ...
### Tetracentraceae
###Trochodendraceae
Trochodendraceae is the only family
In , family (from la, familia) is a of people related either by (by recognized birth) or (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the well-being of its members and ...
##Order Hamamelidales
Hamamelidales is an order of flowering plants formerly accepted in a number of Plant taxonomy#Classification systems, systems of plant taxonomy, including the Cronquist system published in 1968 and 1988. The order is not currently accepted in the AP ...
###Cercidiphyllaceae
''Cercidiphyllum'' is a genus
Genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic rank
Taxonomy (general) is the practice and science of classification of things or concepts, including the principles that underlie such classification. The term may also refe ...
###Eupteleaceae
''Euptelea'' is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the monogeneric Family (biology), family Eupteleaceae. The genus is found from Assam east through China to Japan, and consists of shrubs or small trees:
*''Euptelea pleiosperma''
*''E ...
###Platanaceae
The Platanaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the Order (biology), order Proteales. This family has been recognized by almost all taxonomists, and is sometimes called the "plane-tree family". The family consist ...
###Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier syst ...
### Myrothamnaceae
##Order Daphniphyllales
The Daphiphllales is a valid botanical name for an order of the Magnoliopsida class. When accepted, it had only one family, Daphniphyllaceae. With regard to phylogenetic classification of the APG III system, this order is no longer accepted, and t ...
###Daphniphyllaceae
''Daphniphyllum'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Daphniphyllaceae and was described as a genus in 1826. The genus includes evergreen shrubs and trees mainly native to east and southeast Asia, but also found in the Indian Subcontin ...
##Order
###Didymelaceae
''Didymeles'' is a genus
Genus /ˈdʒiː.nəs/ (plural genera /ˈdʒen.ər.ə/) is a taxonomic rank
In biological classification
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining (Circumscription (taxonomy), circum ...
##Order Eucommiales
### Eucommiaceae
##Order Urticales
Urticales is an order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, approximat ...
###Barbeyaceae
''Barbeya'' is the only genus in the family (biology), family Barbeyaceae, and has only one species, ''Barbeya oleoides''. It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant ...
###Ulmaceae
The Ulmaceae () are a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typic ...
###Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae is a small family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typi ...
(cannabis family)
###Moraceae
The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however ...
(mulberry family)
### Cecropiaceae
###Urticaceae
The Urticaceae are a family
In , family (from la, familia) is a of people related either by (by recognized birth) or (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the well-being of its members and of soci ...
##Order Leitneriales
''Leitneria floridana'' (corkwood), the sole species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of biological classification, classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as ...
### Leitneriaceae
##Order Juglandales
Juglandales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several list of systems of plant taxonomy, systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprisi ...
### Rhoipteleaceae
###Juglandaceae
##Order Myricales
###Myricaceae
##Order Fagales
###Balanopaceae
###Ticodendraceae
###Fagaceae
###Nothofagaceae
###Betulaceae
##Order Casuarinaceae, Casuarinales
###Casuarinaceae
#Subclass Caryophyllidae
##Order Caryophyllales
###Phytolaccaceae
###Achatocarpaceae
###Nyctaginaceae
###Aizoaceae
###Didiereaceae
###Cactaceae (cactus family)
###Chenopodiaceae
###Amaranthaceae
###Portulacaceae
###Basellaceae
###Molluginaceae
###Caryophyllaceae
##Order Polygonaceae, Polygonales
###Polygonaceae
##Order Plumbaginaceae, Plumbaginales
###Plumbaginaceae
#Subclass Dilleniidae
##Order Dilleniales
###Dilleniaceae
###Paeoniaceae
##Order Theales
###Ochnaceae
###Sphaerosepalaceae
###Sarcolaenaceae
###Dipterocarpaceae
###Caryocaraceae
###Theaceae (tea family)
###Actinidiaceae (kiwi family)
###Scytopetalaceae
###Pentaphylacaceae
###Tetrameristaceae
###Pellicieraceae
###Oncothecaceae
###Marcgraviaceae
###Quiinaceae
###Elatinaceae
###Paracryphiaceae
###Medusagynaceae
###Clusiaceae
##Order Malvales
###Elaeocarpaceae
###Tiliaceae
###Sterculiaceae
###Bombacaceae
###Malvaceae (mallow family)
##Order Lecythidales
###Lecythidaceae
##Order Nepenthales
###Sarraceniaceae
###Nepenthaceae
###Droseraceae
##Order Violales
###Flacourtiaceae
###Peridiscaceae
###Bixaceae
###Cistaceae (rock rose family)
###Huaceae
###Lacistemataceae
###Scyphostegiaceae
###Stachyuraceae
###Violaceae (violet family)
###Tamaricaceae (tamarix family)
###Frankeniaceae
###Dioncophyllaceae
###Ancistrocladaceae
###Turneraceae
###Malesherbiaceae
###Passifloraceae (passionflower family)
###Achariaceae
###Caricaceae (papaya family)
###Fouquieriaceae
###Hoplestigmataceae
###Cucurbitaceae (squash family)
###Datiscaceae
###Begoniaceae
###Loasaceae
##Order Salicaceae, Salicales
###Salicaceae
##Order Capparales
###Tovariaceae
###Capparaceae
###Brassicaceae (mustard family)
###Moringaceae
###Resedaceae
##Order Batales
###Gyrostemonaceae
###Bataceae
##Order Ericales
###Cyrillaceae
###Clethraceae
###Grubbiaceae
###Empetraceae
###Epacridaceae
###Ericaceae
###Pyrolaceae
###Monotropaceae
##Order Diapensiales
###Diapensiaceae
##Order Ebenales
###Sapotaceae
###Ebenaceae
###Styracaceae
###Lissocarpaceae
###Symplocaceae
##Order Primulales
###Theophrastaceae
###Myrsinaceae
###Primulaceae (primula family)
#Subclass Rosidae
##Order Rosales
###Brunelliaceae
###Connaraceae
###Eucryphiaceae
###Cunoniaceae
###Davidsoniaceae
###Dialypetalanthaceae
###Pittosporaceae
###Byblidaceae
###Hydrangeaceae
###Columelliaceae
###Grossulariaceae
###Greyiaceae
###Bruniaceae
###Anisophylleaceae
###Alseuosmiaceae
###Crassulaceae
###Cephalotaceae
###Saxifragaceae
###Rosaceae (rose family)
###Neuradaceae
###Crossosomataceae
###Chrysobalanaceae
###Surianaceae
###Rhabdodendraceae
##Order Fabales
###Mimosaceae (mimosa family)
###Caesalpiniaceae
###Fabaceae (legume/pea family)
##Order Proteales
###Elaeagnaceae
###Proteaceae
##Order Podostemales
###Podostemaceae
##Order Haloragales
###Haloragaceae
###Gunneraceae
##Order Myrtales
###Sonneratiaceae
###Lythraceae
###Penaeaceae
###Crypteroniaceae
###Thymelaeaceae
###Trapaceae
###Myrtaceae (myrtle family)
###Punicaceae
###Onagraceae
###Oliniaceae
###Melastomataceae
###Combretaceae
###Alzateaceae
###Memecylaceae
###Rhyncocalycaceae
##Order Rhizophoraceae, Rhizophorales
###Rhizophoraceae
##Order Cornales
###Alangiaceae
###Nyssaceae
###Cornaceae
###Garryaceae
##Order Santalales
###Medusandraceae
###Dipentodontaceae
###Olacaceae
###Opiliaceae
###Santalaceae
###Misodendraceae
###Loranthaceae
###Viscaceae
###Eremolepidaceae
###Balanophoraceae
##Order Rafflesiales
###Hydnoraceae
###Mitrastemonaceae
###Rafflesiaceae (rafflesia family)
##Order Celastrales
###Geissolomataceae
###Celastraceae
###Hippocrateaceae
###Stackhousiaceae
###Salvadoraceae
###Aquifoliaceae
###Icacinaceae
###Aextoxicaceae
###Cardiopteridaceae
###Corynocarpaceae
###Dichapetalaceae
###Tepuianthaceae
##Order Euphorbiales
###Buxaceae (box family)
###Simmondsiaceae
###Pandaceae
###Euphorbiaceae
##Order Rhamnales
###Rhamnaceae
###Leeaceae
###Vitaceae (grape family)
##Order Linales
###Erythroxylaceae
###Humiriaceae
###Ixonanthaceae
###Hugoniaceae
###Linaceae
##Order Polygalales
###Malpighiaceae
###Vochysiaceae
###Trigoniaceae
###Tremandraceae
###Polygalaceae
###Xanthophyllaceae
###Krameriaceae
##Order Sapindales
###Staphyleaceae
###Melianthaceae
###Bretschneideraceae
###Akaniaceae
###Sapindaceae
###Hippocastanaceae
###Aceraceae
###Burseraceae
###Anacardiaceae (cashew family)
###Julianiaceae
###Simaroubaceae
###Cneoraceae
###Meliaceae
###Rutaceae (citrus family)
###Zygophyllaceae
##Order Geraniales
###Oxalidaceae
###Geraniaceae
###Limnanthaceae
###Tropaeolaceae
###Balsaminaceae
##Order Apiales
###Araliaceae
###Apiaceae (carrot family)
#Subclass Asteridae
##Order Gentianales
###Loganiaceae
###Retziaceae
###Gentianaceae
###Saccifoliaceae
###Apocynaceae
###Asclepiadaceae
##Order Solanales
###Duckeodendraceae
###Nolanaceae
###Solanaceae (nightshade/tomato family)
###Convolvulaceae
###Cuscutaceae
###Menyanthaceae
###Polemoniaceae
###Hydrophyllaceae
###Retziaceae
##Order Lamiales
###Lennoaceae
###Boraginaceae
###Verbenaceae
###Lamiaceae (mint family)
##Order Callitrichales
###Hippuridaceae
###Callitrichaceae
###Hydrostachyaceae
##Order Plantaginales
###Plantaginaceae
##Order Scrophulariales
###Buddlejaceae
###Oleaceae (olive family)
###Scrophulariaceae
###Globulariaceae
###Myoporaceae
###Orobanchaceae
###Gesneriaceae
###Acanthaceae
###Pedaliaceae
###Bignoniaceae
###Mendonciaceae
###Lentibulariaceae
##Order Campanulales
###Pentaphragmataceae
###Sphenocleaceae
###Campanulaceae (bell flower family)
###Stylidiaceae
###Donatiaceae
###Brunoniaceae
###Goodeniaceae
##Order Rubiales
###Rubiaceae (coffee family)
###Theligonaceae
##Order Dipsacales
###Caprifoliaceae
###Adoxaceae
###Valerianaceae
###Dipsacaceae
##Order Calycerales
###Calyceraceae
##Order Asterales
###Asteraceae (sunflower family)
Class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
#SubclassAlismatidae{{Short description, Subclass of flowering plants
Alismatidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such list of systems of plant taxonomy, sys ...
##Order Alismatales
The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biolog ...
###Butomaceae
###Limnocharitaceae
###Alismataceae
##Order Hydrocharitales
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Hydrocharitales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. A well-known system that used this name is the Cronquist system (1981), for an order in subclass Alismatidae, with this circumscription:
* ord ...
###Hydrocharitaceae
##Order Najadales
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Triuridales
Triuridales was an Order (biology), order of angiosperm, flower p ...
###Petrosaviaceae
###Triuridaceae
#Subclass
Triuridales was an Order (biology), order of angiosperm, flower p ...Arecidae
Arecidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass (biology), subclass. wiktionary:circumscription, Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the wiktionary:taxonomic system, taxonomic system being used (there are many such list of systems ...
##Order Arecales
Arecales is an order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Orderliness
Orderliness is a quality that is characterized by a person’s interest in keeping their surroundings and themselves well organized, and is associated with other qualiti ...
###Arecaceae (palm family)
##Order Cyclanthales
Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants.
Taxonomy
Earlier systems, such as the Cronquist system and the Takhtajan system, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Rolf Dahlgren, Dahlgren the Cy ...
###Cyclanthaceae
##Order Pandanales
Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order
Order or ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Orderliness
Orderliness is associated with other qualities such as cleanliness
Cleanliness is both the abstract state of being clean and free from ge ...
###Pandanaceae (pandan family)
##Order Arales
''Arales'' is an order of flowering plant ...
###Acoraceae
###Araceae
###Lemnaceae
#Subclass
''Arales'' is an order of flowering plant ...Commelinidae
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) (plural, not capitalised) is a clade
A clade (; from grc, , ''klados'', "branch"), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyly, mono ...
##Order Commelinales
Commelinales is the botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name
Science (from the Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was ...
###Rapateaceae
###Xyridaceae
###Mayacaceae
###Commelinaceae
##Order Eriocaulales
###Eriocaulaceae
##Order Restionales
###Flagellariaceae
###Joinvilleaceae
###Restionaceae
###Centrolepidaceae
##Order Juncales
Juncales is an order of flowering plants. In the Engler sy ...
###Juncaceae
###Thurniaceae
##Order
Juncales is an order of flowering plants. In the Engler sy ...Cyperales
The Poales are a large order of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, ...
###Cyperaceae
###Poaceae (grass family)
##Order Hydatellales
###Hydatellaceae
##Order Typhales
''Typhales'' is a botanical name for an order (biology), order ...
###Sparganiaceae
###Typhaceae
#Subclass Zingiberidae
##Order
''Typhales'' is a botanical name for an order (biology), order ...Bromeliales
Bromeliales is an Order (biology), order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by a few list of systems of plant taxonomy, systems of plant taxonomy, with a various placement. It appears that it always has had the same circumscr ...
###Bromeliaceae
##Order Zingiberales
The Zingiberales are flowering plant
Flowering plants include multiple members of the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek#REDIRECT Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything ...
###Strelitziaceae
###Heliconiaceae
###Musaceae
###Lowiaceae
###Zingiberaceae (ginger family)
###Costaceae
###Cannaceae
###Marantaceae
#Subclass Liliidae
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank (botany), rank of subclass (biology), subclass. wiktionary: circumscription, Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the wiktionary:taxonomic system, taxonomic syst ...
##Order Liliales
Liliales is an order
Order or ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Orderliness
Orderliness is associated with other qualities such as cleanliness
Cleanliness is both the abstract state of being clean and free from germs, dirt, trash, or waste, and ...
###Philydraceae
Philydraceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the w ...
###Pontederiaceae
Pontederiaceae is a family of flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae (), or Magnoliophyta (), are the most diverse group of Embryophyte, land plants, with 64 Order(biology), orders, 416 Family (biology), families, app ...
###Haemodoraceae
up''Anigozanthos'' Bush Pearl. Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne.
Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with 14 genera and 102 known species. It is sometimes known as the "bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemis ...
###Cyanastraceae
Tecophilaeaceae is a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typic ...
###Liliaceae
The lily family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subj ...
(lily family)
###Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales
Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order (biology), order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The o ...
(iris family)
###Velloziaceae
Velloziaceae is a family
In human society
A society is a Social group, group of individuals involved in persistent Social relation, social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically ...
###Aloeaceae (aloe family)
###Agavaceae
Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one Embryo#Plant emb ...
###Xanthorrhoeaceae
''Xanthorrhoea'' () is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants endemic to Australia. Species are known by the name grass tree.
Description
All are Perennial plant, perennials and have a secondary growth, secondary thickening meristem ...
###Hanguanaceae
### Taccaceae
###Stemonaceae
The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledon
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering ...
###Smilacaceae
Smilacaceae, the greenbriers, is a family of flowering plant
Flowering plants include multiple members of the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek#REDIRECT Greek
Greek may refer ...
###Dioscoreaceae
Dioscoreaceae () is a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genus, genera. The best-known member of the family is the yam (vegetable), yam (some species of ''Dioscorea'').
The APG syst ...
##Order Orchidales
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
Image:Orchid Phalaenopsis hybrid.jpg, 250px, ''Phalaenopsis'' orchid
''Orchidales'' is an Order (biology), order of flowering plants. In list of systems of plant taxonomy, taxonomical systems, this is a relatively ...
### Geosiridaceae
###Burmanniaceae
Burmanniaceae is a family
In human society, family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the ...
###Corsiaceae
Corsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system (2003) treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. This is a slight change from the APG system, of 1998, which left the family unplaced as to order ...
###Orchidaceae
Orchidaceae ( ), common name, commonly called the orchid family, is a diverse and widespread family (biology), family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two la ...
(orchid family)
Bibliography
Texas A and M University Bioinformatics Working Group : Cronquist System
* *
Work by Cronquist
* Cronquist, Arthur. (1957). Outline of a new system of families and orders of dicotyledons. ''Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Brux.'' 27: 13–40. * * * * * * *Excerpt: Classification. 7 pp.
{{List of systems of plant taxonomy Systems of plant taxonomy, system, Cronquist