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Restionales
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009 ''Restionales'' is an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system (of 1981) it is used for an order (in subclass ''Commelinidae'') and circumscribed as: * order ''Restionales'' *: family ''Flagellariaceae'' *: family ''Joinvilleaceae'' *: family ''Restionaceae'' *: family ''Centrolepidaceae'' The APG II system (2003) assigns the plants involved to the order ''Poales The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. Descriptio ...''. Historically recognized angiosperm orders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronquist System
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) (''see'' Bibliography). Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida ( dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida. ''The Evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commelinidae
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) (plural, not capitalised) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots. Description Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid. Taxonomy The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian ( hy, Արմեն Լևոնի Թախտաջյան; russian: Армен Леонович Тахтаджян; surname also transliterated Takhtadjan, Takhtadzhi︠a︡n or Takhtadzhian, pronounced takh-tuh-JA ..., who named them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Restionaceae
The Restionaceae, also called restiads and restios, are a family (biology), family of flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere; they vary from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height. Following the APG IV system, APG IV (2016): the family now includes the former families Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Lyginiaceae, and as such includes 51 genera with 572 known species. Based on evidence from fossil pollens, the Restionaceae likely originated more than 65 million years ago during the Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous period, when the southern continents were still part of Gondwana.Bremer, K. (2002). "Gondwanan Evolution of the Grass Alliance of Families (Poales)." ''Evolution'', 56(7): 1374-1387 Description The family consists of tufted or rhizomatous, herbaceous plants belonging to a group of monocotyledons that includes several similar families, such as the Cyperaceae, sedges, Juncaceae, rushes, and Poaceae, grasses. They have green, photosynthetic stems and leaves that h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poales
The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. Description The flowers are typically small, enclosed by bracts, and arranged in inflorescences (except in three species of the genus ''Mayaca'', which possess very reduced, one-flowered inflorescences). The flowers of many species are wind pollinated; the seeds usually contain starch. Taxonomy The APG III system (2009) accepts the order within a monocot clade called commelinids, and accepts the following 16 families: The earlier APG system (1998) adopted the same placement of the order, although it used the spelling "commelinoids". It did not include the Bromeliaceae and Mayaceae, but had the additional families Prioniaceae (now included in Thurniaceae), Sparganiaceae (now in Typhaceae), and Hydatellaceae (now transferred out of the monocots; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Restio Tetraphyllus1
''Restio'' is a genus of flowering plants within the family Restionaceae, described in 1772.Rottbøll, Christen Friis. 1772. Descriptiones Plantarum Rariorum 9 The entire genus is endemic to South Africa (Cape Province and KwaZulu-Natal). In common with a number of other genera in the Restionaceae, restios are widely cultivated for use as garden ornamentals for their attractive nodular foliage. They are mildly frost hardy. ; Species * '' Restio acockii'' * '' Restio adpressus'' * '' Restio affinis'' * '' Restio albotuberculatus'' * '' Restio alticola'' * '' Restio andreaeanus'' * '' Restio anomalus'' * '' Restio arcuatus'' * '' Restio aridus'' * '' Restio asperus'' * '' Restio aureolus'' * '' Restio bifarius'' * '' Restio bifidus'' * ''Restio bifurcus'' * '' Restio bolusii'' * '' Restio brachiatus'' * '' Restio brunneus'' * '' Restio burchellii'' * '' Restio caespitosus'' * ''Restio calcicola'' * ''Restio capensis'' * ''Restio capillaris'' * ''Restio ced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellariaceae
''Flagellaria'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family (biology), family Flagellariaceae with only five species.Wepfer, P. H., & Linder, H. P. (2014). The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae). Australian Systematic Botany, 27(3), 159-179. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SB13048 The family has historically been recognized by few taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), does recognize such a family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. ''Flagellaria'' consists of only five known species, found in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and various island of the Pacific Islands, Pacific and Indian Oceans. List of species * ''Flagellaria collaris'' Wepfer & H.P.Linder - Fiji * ''Flagellaria gigantea'' Hook.f. - New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Niue, Fiji, New Guinea * ''Flagellaria guineensis'' Schumach. - tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka * ''Flagel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joinvilleaceae
The Joinvilleaceae are a family of flowering plants with a single genus including four species. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998) assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family consists of one genus with four currently accepted species, distributed from the Malay Peninsula to the Caroline Islands and high islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is evolutionarily significant as a relictual group closely related to grasses. They closely resemble large grass plants, in both general appearance and microanatomy, but possess fleshy fruits. Species * ''Joinvillea ascendens'' Gaudich. ex Brongn. & Gris Hawaiian Islands * ''Joinvillea borneensis'' Becc. Western Malesia to Caroline Islands * ''Joinvillea bryanii'' Christoph. Samoa * ''Joinvillea plicata'' (Hook.f.) Newell & B.C.Stone Solomon Islands to New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).sv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrolepidaceae
Centrolepidaceae are a family of flowering plants now included in Restionaceae following APG IV (2016). The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognised such a family, and assigned it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family was regarded as containing three genera, '' Aphelia'', ''Centrolepis'', and ''Gaimardia'', with about 35 species total, found in Australia, New Zealand, southern South America and Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin .... References External linksCentrolepidaceae in western Australia [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG II System
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003)An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system. History APG II was published as: *Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. (Available onlineAbstractFull text (HTML)Full text (PDF) doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x) Each o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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