This is a list of

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...

tribes, organized in order of the likely ethnolinguistic kinship of the peoples and tribes. In Classical antiquity,

Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

were a large number and a significant part of the population in many regions of Western Europe, Southern

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the ar ...

, the

British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...

and parts of the Balkans, in Europe, and also Central

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

or Anatolia.

Ancestors

* Proto-Indo-Europeans ( Proto-Indo-European speakers) **

Proto-Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

( Proto-Celtic speakers)

Continental Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Continental Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

were the Celtic peoples that inhabited mainland Europe. In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Celts inhabited a large part of mainland Western Europe and large parts of Western Southern Europe ( Iberian peninsula), southern Central Europe and some regions of the Balkans and Anatolia. They were most of the population in

Gallia Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during R ...

, today's France, Switzerland, possibly

Belgica Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and Germany. In 50 BC, ...

– far Northern France, Belgium and far Southern Netherlands, large parts of Hispania, i.e. Iberian Peninsula – Spain and Portugal, in the northern, central and western regions; southern

– upper

Danube basin The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

and neighbouring regions, large parts of the middle

and the inland region of Central

or Anatolia. They lived in these many regions forming a large arc stretching across from Iberia in the west to the Balkans and Anatolia in the east. Many of the populations from these regions were called

by ancient authors. They are thought to have spoken

Gaulish Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerl ...

( P-Celtic type),

Lepontic Lepontic is an ancient Alpine Celtic languageJohn T. Koch (ed.) ''Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia'' ABC-CLIO (2005) that was spoken in parts of Rhaetia and Cisalpine Gaul (now Northern Italy) between 550 and 100 BC. Lepontic is att ...

( P-Celtic type),

Hispano-Celtic Hispano-Celtic is a term for all forms of Celtic spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the arrival of the Romans (c. 218 BC, during the Second Punic War). In particular, it includes: * A northeastern inland language attested at a relativ ...

( Celtiberian and Western Hispano-Celtic or

Gallaecian Gallaecian, or Northwestern Hispano-Celtic, is an extinct Celtic language of a Hispano-Celtic group. It was spoken by the Gallaeci at the beginning of the 1st millennium in the northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula that became the Roman ...

) (

Q-Celtic The Celtic languages ( usually , but sometimes ) are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic. They form a branch of the Indo-European language family. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward ...

type),

Eastern Celtic The Noric language, or Eastern Celtic, is an unclassified Continental Celtic language. It is attested in only two fragmentary inscriptions from the Roman province of Noricum (one in Grafenstein, Austria, the other in Ptuj, Slovenia). These do n ...

or Noric (unknown type). P-Celtic type languages are more innovative (*kʷ > p) while

type languages are more conservative. However, it is not fully known if this grouping of peoples, such as their languages, is a genealogical one (phylogenetic), based on kinship, or if it is a simple geographically based group. Classical Antiquity authors did not call the peoples and tribes of the

British Islands The British Islands is a term within the law of the United Kingdom which refers collectively to the following four polities: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (formerly the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) ...

as “

” or “ Galli” but by the name “

Britons British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.: British nationality law governs mod ...

”. They only used the name “Celts” or “Galli” for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.Collis, John (2003). The Celts: Origins, Myths and Inventions. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 180.

Eastern CeltsMallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997).
Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into article ...
. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.

Römische Provinzen im Alpenraum ca 14 n Chr

Roman_period_tribes_in_Illyria_and_Lower_Pannonia

They lived Southern

(in the Upper Danube basin and neighbouring regions) which is hypothesized as the original area of the

(

), corresponding to the Hallstatt Culture. Later they expanded towards the Middle Danube valley and to parts of the Balkans and towards inland central Asia Minor or Anatolia (Galatians). Hercynian Forest ('' Hercynia Silva''), north of the Danube and east of the Rhine was in their lands. Celts, especially those from Western and Central Europe, were generally called by the Romans “Galli” i.e. “Gauls”, this name was synonym of “

”, this also means that not all of the peoples and tribes called by the name “Gauls” (Galli) were specifically Gauls in a narrower more regional sense. Their language is scarcely attested and can not be classified as a P-Celtic or Q-Celtic. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *

Anartes The Anartes (or Anarti, Anartii or Anartoi)Jan Czarnecki (1975) 120 were Celtic tribes, or, in the case of those sub-groups of Anartes which penetrated the ancient region of Dacia (roughly modern Romania), Celts culturally assimilated by the Dacia ...

Anartoi The Anartes (or Anarti, Anartii or Anartoi)Jan Czarnecki (1975) 120 were Celtic tribes, or, in the case of those sub-groups of Anartes which penetrated the ancient region of Dacia (roughly modern Romania), Celts culturally assimilated by the Dacia ...

– Areas of modern Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary, north of the river Tysia / Tibiscus ( Tisza). They lived in the eastern part of the Hercynia Silva (Hercynian Forest). Areas of modern central Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary, north of the river Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza), north of the

Teuriscii Teurisci was a Dacian tribe at the time of Ptolemy (140 AD). They were originally considered a branch of the Celtic Taurisci ( Noricum), who moved to Upper Tisza. However, the archaeology shows that Celts have been absorbed by Dacians, at some po ...

. They were later assimilated by Dacians. *

Arabiates This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greek ...

- areas of modern Western Hungary and eastern Austria, west of the river Danubius (Danube). *

Belgites This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greek ...

- areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). *

Boii The Boii ( Latin plural, singular ''Boius''; grc, Βόιοι) were a Celtic tribe of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul ( Northern Italy), Pannonia ( Hungary), parts of Bavaria, in and around Bohemia (after whom ...

– a tribal confederation, originally from today's

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...

(Western

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

) that dwelt in the Hercynia Silva and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern Slovakia,

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

, Hungary and

Northern Italy Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative region ...

. Another hypothesis is that they were a tribal confederation, originally from today's Southern France who migrated to Hercynia Silva under Segovesus, and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern Slovakia,

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

and Hungary. **Boii tribes of unknown names in the Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's

(in

Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gaul ( la, Gallia Cisalpina, also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'') was the part of Italy inhabited by Celts ( Gauls) during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. After its conquest by the Roman Republic in the 200s BC it was ...

) – Central

Emilia-Romagna egl, Emigliàn (man) egl, Emiglièna (woman) rgn, Rumagnòl (man) rgn, Rumagnòla (woman) it, Emiliano (man) it, Emiliana (woman) or it, Romagnolo (man) it, Romagnola (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title ...

(

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...

). **

(in

Transalpine Gaul Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the ...

) – Boui near Entrain - They were related to or a branch of the

. ** Boii Boiates / Boviates / Boiates – La Tête de Buch, probably around Arcachon Bay and northwest of

Landes (departement) Landes (; oc, label= Gascon and Occitan, Lanas ; eu, Landak) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, Southwestern France, with a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It borders Gers to the east, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, t ...

, in the

Pays de Buch Pays de Buch (, literally ''Land of Buch'') is one of several areas that make up the Landes forest in France. It extends across seventeen towns around the Arcachon Bay and the valley of the Eyre River. The village of Porge is at the north end ...

and Pays de Born. Although they dwelt in

Aquitania Gallia Aquitania ( , ), also known as Aquitaine or Aquitaine Gaul, was a province of the Roman Empire. It lies in present-day southwest France, where it gives its name to the modern region of Aquitaine. It was bordered by the provinces of Gal ...

Proper, they seem to have been a

tribe and not a tribe of the

Aquitani The Aquitani were a tribe that lived in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, in present-day southwestern France in the 1st century BCE. The Romans dubbed this region '' Gallia Aquitania''. Classical authors such ...

(a people that may have been ancestor of the

Basques The Basques ( or ; eu, euskaldunak ; es, vascos ; french: basques ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Ba ...

). **

(in

Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory that is now west ...

) -

, today's Western Hungary (west of the

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

) and part of eastern

Tulingi The Tulingi were a small tribe closely allied to the Celtic Helvetii in the time of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul. Their location is unknown; their language and descent are uncertain. From their close cooperation with the Helvetii it can be de ...

( Tylangii?) – localization unclear, possibly Southern Germany, Switzerland, or Austria; an originally Boii Celtic tribe that migrated along the upper Danube and later allied with the Helvetii?; also, may have been a Germanic tribe. *

Breuci This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greek ...

Carni The Carni ( Greek: Καρνίοι) were a tribe of the Eastern Alps in classical antiquity of Celtic language and culture, settling in the mountains separating Noricum and Venetia (roughly corresponding to the more modern Slovenia and Carinthia) ...

–

Carnic Alps The Carnic Alps ( it, Alpi Carniche; german: Karnische Alpen; sl, Karnijske Alpe; fur, Alps Cjargnelis) are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in Austria and northeastern Italy. They are within Austrian East Tyrol and Carinthia, and Itali ...

, South Austria (

Carinthia Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carin ...

Kärnten Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carinth ...

), Western

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and ...

(

Carniola Carniola ( sl, Kranjska; , german: Krain; it, Carniola; hu, Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Although as a whole it does not exist anymore, Slovenes living within the former borders of the region s ...

Kranjska Carniola ( sl, Kranjska; , german: Krain; it, Carniola; hu, Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Although as a whole it does not exist anymore, Slovenes living within the former borders of the region s ...

) and Northern

Friuli Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giuli ...

Friûl Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giulia ...

(

Carnia Carnia ( fur, Cjargne or ''Cjargna''/''Cjargno'' in local variants, vec, Ciargna, german: Karnien, sl, Karnija) is a historical-geographic region in the northeastern Italian area of Friuli. Its 27 municipalities all belong to the Province of U ...

Cjargna Carnia ( fur, Cjargne or ''Cjargna''/''Cjargno'' in local variants, vec, Ciargna, german: Karnien, sl, Karnija) is a historical-geographic region in the northeastern Italian area of Friuli. Its 27 municipalities all belong to the Province of U ...

). A tribe related to the

Carnutes The Carnutes or Carnuti (Gaulish: 'the horned ones'), were a Gallic tribe dwelling in an extensive territory between the Sequana ( Seine) and the Liger (Loire) rivers during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Car ...

? Also, may have been a

Venetic Venetic is an extinct Indo-European language, usually classified into the Italic subgroup, that was spoken by the Veneti people in ancient times in northeast Italy (Veneto and Friuli) and part of modern Slovenia, between the Po Delta and ...

tribe (the Veneti were a transitional people between

and

Italics In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally slant slightly to the right. Italics are a way to emphasise key points in a printed t ...

or a

Celticized Celticisation, or Celticization, was historically the process of conquering and assimilating by the ancient Celts. Today, as the Celtic inhabited-areas significantly differ, the term still refers to making something Celtic, usually focusing aroun ...

Italic people). *

Catubrini The Catubrini were a Gallic tribe dwelling in Cadore (Veneto) during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Catubrinorum'' on inscriptions. Geography The Catubrini lived in the region of Cadore (''Catubrium''), in the upper valley o ...

- In the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

Southeastern slopes, close to Plavis (Piave) and near

Bellunum Belluno (; lld, Belum; vec, Belùn) is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Eastern Dolomites regio ...

(Belluno), to the Southwest of the

. They came from Central Europe and not from

Gaul Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...

(

). (They were not Cisalpine Gaulish Celts). *

Tylis Tylis (Greek: Τύλις) or Tyle was a capital of a short-lived Balkan state mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorius in the 3rd century BC. Following their invasion of Thrace and Greece in 279 BC, the Gauls were defea ...

/ Tylisian Celts *

Cornacates This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greek ...

- areas of modern Western Hungary, west of river Danubius (Danube). *

Cotini The Gotini (in Tacitus), who are generally equated to the Cotini in other sources, were a Gaulish tribe living during Roman times in the mountains approximately near the modern borders of the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. The spelling " ...

– areas of modern Slovakia, west of the

, and areas of Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube), south of Lacus Pelsodis / Pelso (today's

Lake Balaton Lake Balaton () is a freshwater lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the largest inflow of water to the lake, and ...

). * Eravisci / Aravisci Ion Grumeza, ''Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe'', , 2009, p. 51: "In a short time the Dacians imposed their conditions on the Anerati, Boii, Eravisci, Pannoni, Scordisci,"– areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube),

Aquincum Aquincum (, ) was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire. The ruins of the city can be found today in Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. It is believed that Marcus Aurelius w ...

(modern

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population o ...

) was in their territory. *Helvetii-Rauraci / Raurici **

Helvetii The Helvetii ( , Gaulish: *''Heluētī''), anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. According to Juliu ...

– original dwellers of

Agri Decumates The ''Agri Decumates'' or ''Decumates Agri'' ("Decumatian Fields") were a region of the Roman Empire's provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia, covering the Black Forest, Swabian Jura, and Franconian Jura areas between the Rhine, Main, and Da ...

region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva, to the east and north of the Rhine; later, possibly at the end of the 3rd century BC they expanded to the South and Southwest to land later called

Helvetia Helvetia () is the female national personification of Switzerland, officially ''Confoederatio Helvetica,'' the Swiss Confederation. The allegory is typically pictured in a flowing gown, with a spear and a shield emblazoned with the Swiss fl ...

(modern day Switzerland). They were possibly more related to the Celtic populations of the upper Danube basin than to the Celts of Gaul. ***

Decumates The ''Agri Decumates'' or ''Decumates Agri'' ("Decumatian Fields") were a region of the Roman Empire's provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia, covering the Black Forest, Swabian Jura, and Franconian Jura areas between the Rhine, Main, and D ...

may have meant "Ten Cantons". La Tène, (tribal confederation of four tribes). ***

Tigurini The Tigurini were a clan or tribe forming one out of four '' pagi'' (provinces) of the Helvetii. The Tigurini were the most important group of the Helvetii, mentioned by both Julius Caesar and Poseidonius, settling in the area of what is now th ...

–

Yverdon Yverdon-les-Bains () (called Eburodunum and Ebredunum during the Roman era) is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district. The population of Yverdon-les-Bains, , was ...

***Tougeni ***Verbigeni ***Tribe of unknown name (

Proper?) ** Rauraci /

Raurici The Rauraci or Raurici were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the Upper Rhine region, around the present-day city of Basel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Rauracis'' and ''Rauracorum'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. ...

–

Kaiseraugst Kaiseraugst (Swiss German: ''Chäiseraugscht'') is a municipality within the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is named after the Ancient Roman city of Augusta Raurica whose ruins are situated nearby. The prefi ...

(

Augusta Raurica Augusta Raurica is a Roman archaeological site and an open-air museum in Switzerland located on the south bank of the Rhine river about 20 km east of Basel near the villages of Augst and Kaiseraugst. It is the site of the oldest known Rom ...

), a tribe closely related to the Helvetii. * Hercuniates / Hercuniatae - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). * Latobici / LatoviciJ. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 81: "In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the upper Sava valley were Celtic but the Colapiani of ..." - not the same tribe as the

Latobrigi The Latobrigi (or Latovici) were a Celtic tribe mentioned in Julius Caesar's ''Commentarii''. According to Caesar, 14.000 Latobrigi joined the Helvetii in their attempted migration to southwestern France in 58 BC, together with several larger cont ...

but they could have been related, they dwelt in areas of modern Slovenia and Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). *

- uncertain location, maybe to the north or northeast of the

in the upper

( Danubius) and upper

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source ...

river basins, original dwellers of

region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva. *

Scordisci The Scordisci ( el, Σκορδίσκοι) were a Celtic Iron Age cultural group centered in the territory of present-day Serbia, at the confluence of the Savus (Sava), Dravus (Drava), Margus (Morava) and Danube rivers. They were historically ...

J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 140: "... Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until, as Strabo remarks, they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century" - areas of modern

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hu ...

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capi ...

, Austria,

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

, west of the river Danubius (Danube). According to Livy, they were related to the

Bastarnae The Bastarnae ( Latin variants: ''Bastarni'', or ''Basternae''; grc, Βαστάρναι or Βαστέρναι) and Peucini ( grc, Πευκῖνοι) were two ancient peoples who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited areas north of the Roman front ...

. **

Celegeri Celegeri were a CelticJ. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, , p. 217. tribe, together with the Dindari a branch of the Scordisci that migrated to Illyria after the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC. They inhabited Moesia Superior (moder ...

Celengeri Celegeri were a CelticJ. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, , p. 217. tribe, together with the Dindari a branch of the Scordisci that migrated to Illyria after the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC. They inhabited Moesia Superior (moder ...

J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 217. **

Dindari Dindari or ''Dindarii'' ( el, Δινδάριοι), was a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci. They dwelled by the Drina Valley, of present-day Bosnia and Serbia. After the Roman conquest of the Scordisci, the civitas of the Dindari was forme ...

or ''Dindarii'' (

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

''Δινδάριοι''), a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci. *

Serdi The Serdi were a Celtic tribe inhabiting Thrace. They were located around Serdica ( bg, Сердика, Serdika; ; el, Σαρδική o Σαρδῶν πόλις, Sardike o Sardon polis), now Sofia in Bulgaria, which reflects their ethnonym. They ...

- in

Serdica Serdika or Serdica ( Bulgarian: ) is the historical Roman name of Sofia, now the capital of Bulgaria. Currently, Serdika is the name of a district located in the city. It includes four neighbourhoods: "Fondovi zhilishta"; "Banishora", "Orlandov ...

region (today's Sofiya,

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

's Capital) *

Serrapilli This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greek ...

/ Serapilli - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). *

Serretes This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greek ...

- areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). *

Tricornenses The Tricornenses of Tricornum (modern Ritopek) were a Romanized Thraco-Celtic artificially created community by the Romans that replaced the Celtic Celegeri.J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 217. The inhabitants of Tricornum were Celtic ...

(a later formation tribe) * Norici /

Taurisci The Taurisci were a federation of Celtic tribes who dwelt in today's Carinthia and northern Slovenia (Carniola) before the coming of the Romans (c. 200 BC). According to Pliny the Elder, they are the same as the people known as the Norici. Etym ...

Varisci The Varisci (German: ''Varisker'') were a Germanic tribe, the presumed prior inhabitants of a medieval district, ''Provincia Variscorum'', the same (in presumption) as the Vogtland district of Saxony in Germany. They do not appear under that name ...

- a tribal confederation **Alauni - in the middle Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus in the

Eastern Alps Eastern Alps is the name given to the eastern half of the Alps, usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide and down the Liro River to Lake Como in t ...

Chiemsee Chiemsee () is a freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". The rivers Tiroler Achen and Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The Alz flows i ...

and Attersee lakes region. **

Ambidravi The Ambidravi (Gaulish: *''Ambidrauoi'', 'those around the Dravus') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around the upper Drava river, near Teurnia (Switzerland), during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ambídranoi'' (Ἀμβίδρανο ...

/ Ambidrani - in the upper and middle Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin in the

and also in the Mur/Mura river basin, today's

and

Styria Styria (german: Steiermark ; Serbo-Croatian and sl, ; hu, Stájerország) is a state (''Bundesland'') in the southeast of Austria. With an area of , Styria is the second largest state of Austria, after Lower Austria. Styria is bordered ...

, Austria. **

Ambilici The Ambilici (Gaulish: ''Ambilicoi'', 'those around the Licos') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the valley of Gail river (southern Austria) during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ambílikoi'' (Ἀμβίλικοι; var. Ἀμβλ� ...

- in the Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin, east of the

/Ambidrani (today's Southeast Austria and Northeast

). **

Ambisontes The Ambisontes (Gaulish: 'those around the Isontia') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Salzach valley during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ambisontes'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Ambēsóntioi'' (Ἀμβησόν ...

/ Ambisontii - in the Alpes Noricae ( East Central Alps), in the upper

Salzach The Salzach (Austrian: �saltsax ) is a river in Austria and Germany. It is in length and is a right tributary of the Inn, which eventually joins the Danube. Its drainage basin of comprises large parts of the Northern Limestone and Central ...

river basin. ** Norici (

Narisci The Varisci ( German: ''Varisker'') were a Germanic tribe, the presumed prior inhabitants of a medieval district, ''Provincia Variscorum'', the same (in presumption) as the Vogtland district of Saxony in Germany. They do not appear under that name ...

) /

Nori Nori is a dried edible seaweed used in Japanese cuisine, made from species of the red algae genus '' Pyropia'', including ''P. yezonesis'' and '' P. tenera''. It has a strong and distinctive flavor, and is often used to wrap rolls of sushi or ...

- may have been a tribe of the larger Taurisci tribal federation; in the

and in the Mur/Mura and Schwarza rivers basins and other areas, today's

and

Lower Austria Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...

(Austria) south of the Danubius (Danube), also may have been a Germanic tribe. **Sevaces - in the low Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus and south of the Danubius (Danube), roughly in today's

Upper Austria Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, an ...

. **

- A branch of the Celtic

(originally from

Noricum Noricum () is the Latin name for the Celtic kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the nor ...

) in the Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza) river basin south of the

/ Anartii/

. Celts assimilated by DaciansIoana A. Oltean, ''Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization'', , 2007, p. 47. * Varciani – areas of modern

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capi ...

. *

Vindelici The Vindelici (Gaulish: ) were a Gallic people dwelling around present-day Augsburg (Bavaria) during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as by Horace (1st c. BC), as (; var. ) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), as and (va ...

– a tribal confederation, areas of modern Southern Germany (

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...

and

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...

), in the upper

. May have been a confederation of mixed Celtic and Germanic tribes. **

Brigantii The Brigantii (Gaulish: ''Brigantioi'', 'the eminent, high ones') were a Gallic tribe dwelling southeast of Lake Constance, near present-day Bregenz (Vorarlberg), during the Roman era. Name They are mentioned as ''Brigántioi'' (Βριγάντ ...

– in the Lacus Brigantinus (Lake Constance) area, Brigantia (

Bregenz Bregenz (; gsw, label= Vorarlbergian, Breagaz ) is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost state of Austria. The city lies on the east and southeast shores of Lake Constance, the third-largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, between Switze ...

) was the main centre, in the border areas of modern Germany, Austria and Switzerland, north of the

Vennonetes The Vennones or Vennonetes were a Rhaetian tribe dwelling in the northern Alps, between Chur and Lake Constance, during the Iron Age and the Roman era. Name They are mentioned as ''Ouénnōnes'' (Οὐέννωνες) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD) ...

Vennones The Vennones or Vennonetes were a Rhaetian tribe dwelling in the northern Alps, between Chur and Lake Constance, during the Iron Age and the Roman era. Name They are mentioned as ''Ouénnōnes'' (Οὐέννωνες) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD ...

/Vennonienses. ** Catenates - South of the Danubius (Danube), in the low Licus (Lech) river area, Augusta Vindelicorum region (today's

Augsburg Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ' ...

), north of the Licates. **Consuanetae / Cosuanetes / Cotuantii - Upper and middle valley of fl.

Isar The Isar is a river in Tyrol, Austria, and Bavaria, Germany, which is not navigable for watercraft above raft size. Its source is in the Karwendel range of the Alps in Tyrol; it enters Germany near Mittenwald and flows through Bad Tölz, Mu ...

us (r. Isar) (

Bavarian Alps The Bavarian Alps (german: Bayerische Alpen) is a collective name for several mountain ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps within the German state of Bavaria. Geography The term in its wider sense refers to that part of the Eastern Alps tha ...

) in today's

Upper Bavaria Upper Bavaria (german: Oberbayern, ; ) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany. Geography Upper Bavaria is located in the southern portion of Bavaria, and is centered on the city of Munich, both state capital and seat ...

, Germany. **Estiones - South of the Danubius (Danube), in the Ilargus (Roth) and Riss rivers area, including today's

Ulm Ulm () is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Danube on the border with Bavaria. The city, which has an estimated population of more than 126,000 (2018), forms an urban district of its own (german: link=no, ...

area (between modern

and

), Cambodunum (today's

Kempten Kempten (, (Swabian German: )) is the largest town of Allgäu, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The population was about 68,000 in 2016. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later taken over by the Romans, who called the town ' ...

) was one of their towns. **Leuni - in the

us (Isar) and Ammer (Amper) river areas,

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...

area,

. ** Licates -in the Licus (Lech) river valley, south of the Catenates. ** Rucinates / Rucantii - Between rivers

us (Isar) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria. **

/ Vennonienses /

- Upper valley of fl. Rhenus (r. Rhine) in today's canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, south of the

. **Vindelici Proper – a tribe to the north of the Upper Danube. *

Volcae The Volcae () were a Gallic tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined Gauls that invaded Macedonia c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC. Tribes known by the name Volcae were found si ...

- a tribal confederation, originally from today's

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The ...

(Eastern

), Central and Upper

(Slovakia, Austria,

Southern Germany Southern Germany () is a region of Germany which has no exact boundary, but is generally taken to include the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, historically the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia or, in a modern context, Bavaria ...

), also in Main river basin, to the west of the Boii. They dwelt in Hercynia Silva, north of the Danuvius (Danube) but dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe (Southern

) and

/ Anatolia (

Galatia Galatia (; grc, Γαλατία, ''Galatía'', "Gaul") was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir, in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace ...

). **Volcae tribes of unknown names in Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's

and Main River basin. ** Volcae Arecomici / Volcae Arecomisci – in southern Gaul, in the Mediterranean coast of today's Languedoc. **

Volcae Tectosages The Volcae () were a Gallic tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined Gauls that invaded Macedonia c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC. Tribes known by the name Volcae were found s ...

(in Southern

and also in

, Central

or Anatolia, one of the main tribes that formed the Galatians) *Possible

tribes **Volciani – may have been a tribe related to the

and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts (i.e., the

of the Iberian Peninsula). Located north of the river Iberus (Ebro), but not very precisely.

Galatians

Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period - general map - regions and main settlements

In the middle 3rd century BC,

from the middle Danube valley, immigrated from

Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to ...

into the highlands of central Anatolia (modern

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

), which was called

after that. These people, called Galatians, a generic name for “Celts”, were eventually

Hellenized Hellenization (other British spelling Hellenisation) or Hellenism is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language and identity by non-Greeks. In the ancient period, colonization often led to the Hellenization of indigenous peoples; in th ...

, but retained many of their own traditions. They spoke Galatian, a name derived from the generic name for “Celts”. Some closely fit the concept of a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *

Aigosages The Aigosages ( grc-gre, Αἰγοσάγες, ) were a Celtic tribe dwelling on both sides of the Hellespont, first in Thrace and then in Troas and Mysia on the Asian side. Coming probably from the Kingdom of Tylis, they crossed over to Asia ...

, between

Troy Troy ( el, Τροία and Latin: Troia, Hittite: 𒋫𒊒𒄿𒊭 ''Truwiša'') or Ilion ( el, Ίλιον and Latin: Ilium, Hittite: 𒃾𒇻𒊭 ''Wiluša'') was an ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey, south-west of Ç ...

and

Cyzicus Cyzicus (; grc, Κύζικος ''Kúzikos''; ota, آیدینجق, ''Aydıncıḳ'') was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peni ...

* Daguteni, in modern Marmara region around

Orhaneli Orhaneli is a district of Bursa Province Bursa Province ( tr, ) is a province in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, K ...

* Inovanteni, east of the Trocnades * Okondiani, between

Phrygia In classical antiquity, Phrygia ( ; grc, Φρυγία, ''Phrygía'' ) was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River. After its conquest, it became a region of the great empir ...

and

northeast of modern Akşehir Gölü * Rigosages, unlocated * Trocnades, in

around modern Sivrihisar *Unknown tribe (Territory of Gaezatorix, a Celtic Chieftain), between

Bithynia Bithynia (; Koine Greek: , ''Bithynía'') was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It bordered Mysia to the southwe ...

and

at modern

Bolu Bolu is a city in Turkey, and administrative center of the Bolu Province. The population is 131,264 (2012 census). The city has been governed by mayor Tanju Özcan (Republican People's Party, CHP) since 2019 Turkish local elections, local electi ...

* Core Galatians ** Tectosages,Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales, ''A Detailed Map of Celtic Settlements in Galatia, Celtic Names and La Tène Material in Anatolia, the Eastern Balkans, and the Pontic Steppes.'' in

Tolistobogii Tolistobogii (in other sources Tolistobogioi, Tolistobōgioi, Tolistoboioi, Tolistobioi, Toligistobogioi or Tolistoagioi) is the name used by the Roman historian, Livy, for one of the three ancient Gallic tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor ...

, in Galatia **

Trocmii The Trocmii or Trocmi were one of the three ancient tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor, together with the Tolistobogii and Tectosages,Livy, xxxviii. 16 part of the possible Gallic group who moved from Macedonia into Asia Minor Anatoli ...

, in Galatia (easternmost known Celtic tribe)

Gauls The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They sp ...
(
Galli A ''gallus'' (pl. ''galli'') was a eunuch priest of the Phrygian goddess Cybele (Magna Mater in Rome) and her consort Attis, whose worship was incorporated into the state religious practices of ancient Rome. Origins Cybele's cult may have ...
or Celtae)

Gauls The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They sp ...

were the

people that lived in

having many tribes but with some influential tribal confederations. ''

Galli A ''gallus'' (pl. ''galli'') was a eunuch priest of the Phrygian goddess Cybele (Magna Mater in Rome) and her consort Attis, whose worship was incorporated into the state religious practices of ancient Rome. Origins Cybele's cult may have ...

'' (

), for the

Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

, was a name synonym of “Celts” (as

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, an ...

states in ''

De Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; en, Commentaries on the Gallic War, italic=yes), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' ( en, Gallic War, italic=yes), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it Ca ...

''Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.

Commentarii de Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; en, Commentaries on the Gallic War, italic=yes), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' ( en, Gallic War, italic=yes), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it C ...

, Book I, chapter 1) which means that not all peoples and tribes called “Galli” were necessarily

in a narrower regional sense. Gaulish Celts spoke

, a

Continental Celtic The Continental Celtic languages are the now-extinct group of the Celtic languages that were spoken on the continent of Europe and in central Anatolia, as distinguished from the Insular Celtic languages of the British Isles and Brittany. ''Contine ...

language of the

P Celtic The Gallo-Brittonic languages, also known as the P-Celtic languages, are a subdivision of the Celtic languages of Ancient Gaul (both '' celtica'' and ''belgica'') and Celtic Britain, which share certain features. Besides common linguistic inno ...

type, a more

innovative Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed entit ...

Celtic language - *kʷ > p. Romans initially organized Gaul in two provinces (later in three):

, meaning literally "Gaul on the other side of the Alps" or "Gaul across the Alps", is approximately modern Belgium, France, Switzerland,

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, and Western Germany in what would become the Roman provinces of

Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was th ...

, Gallia Celtica (later

Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis ( French: ''Gaule Lyonnaise'') was a province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul formerly known as Celtica. It is named after its capital Lugdunum (today's L ...

and

) and

Gallia Belgica Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and Germany. In 50 BC, a ...

. Some closely fit the concept of a

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *

Abrincatui The Abrincatui were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the south of the Cotentin Peninsula during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Abrincatuos'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''’Abrinkátouoi'' (’Aβρινκάτουοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. A ...

- in

Aremorica Armorica or Aremorica (Gaulish: ; br, Arvorig, ) is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coa ...

Armorica Armorica or Aremorica (Gaulish: ; br, Arvorig, ) is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast ...

Aedui The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *''Aiduoi'', 'the Ardent'; grc, Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Burgundy region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Aedui had an ambiguous relationship with the Roman Republic a ...

/ Haedui - Gaulish Celts largest tribal confederation, roughly in the geographical centre of Gaul and controlling important land, river, and trade routes **

/ Haedui proper -

Bibracte Bibracte, a Gallic ''oppidum'' or fortified settlement, was the capital of the Aedui and one of the most important hillforts in Gaul. It was situated near modern Autun in Burgundy, France. The material culture of the Aedui corresponded to the ...

** Ambivareti **

Parisii (Gaul) The Parisii (Gaulish: ''Parisioi'') were a Gallic tribe that dwelt on the banks of the river Seine during the Iron Age and the Roman era. They lived on lands now occupied by the modern city of Paris, whose name is derived from the ethnonym. ...

Lutetia The Gallo-Roman town of ''Lutetia'' (''Lutetia Parisiorum'' in Latin, in French ''Lutèce'') was the predecessor of the modern-day city of Paris. It was founded in about the middle of the 3rd century BCE by the Parisii, a Gallic tribe. Trac ...

, today's

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

, was their capital. A tribe of similar name, the Parisi, dwelt in

East Yorkshire The East Riding of Yorkshire, or simply East Riding or East Yorkshire, is a ceremonial county and unitary authority area in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to the north and west, South Yorkshire t ...

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and ...

. ** Senones –

Sens Sens () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km from Paris. Sens is a sub-prefecture and the second city of the department, the sixth in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne an ...

* Agenisates / Angesinates –

Angoumois Angoumois (), historically the County of Angoulême, was a county and province of France, originally inferior to the parent duchy of Aquitaine, similar to the Périgord to its east but lower and generally less forested, equally with occasional ...

* Agnutes –

Vendée Vendée (; br, Vande) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442.

Allobroges The Allobroges (Gaulish: *''Allobrogis'', 'foreigner, exiled'; grc, Ἀλλοβρίγων, Ἀλλόβριγες) were a Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône river and the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period. ...

/ Allobriges – Vienne, Southern Gaul * Ambarri (they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it) * Ambiliates / Ambilatres – Low Liger (Loire), in

* Ambivarii / Ambibarii - in

* Anagnutes * Andecamulenses * Andecavi/

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

–

Angers Angers (, , ) is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris. It is the prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Anjou until the French Revolution. The inhabitants of both the city and the pr ...

* Antobroges *

Arverni The Arverni (Gaulish: *''Aruernoi'') were a Gallic people dwelling in the modern Auvergne region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were one of the most powerful tribes of ancient Gaul, contesting primacy over the region with the n ...

– Gergovia (tribal confederation) **

proper ** Gabali * Armoricani / Aremoricii - in

(Land "Before the Sea” or “Close to the Sea” - Are Morica) * Arvii * Atacini – Aussière * Atesui * Aulerci (tribal confederation) ** Aulerci

Brannovices The Brannovīcēs or Aulerci Brannovīcēs (Gaulish: *''Brannouīcēs/Brannowīcēs'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Yonne department or the Saône valley during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aulerci. Name ...

Brannovii The Brannovīcēs or Aulerci Brannovīcēs (Gaulish: *''Brannouīcēs/Brannowīcēs'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Yonne department or the Saône valley during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aulerci. Name ...

/ Blannovii (a southern branch of the Aulerci but within the

tribal confederation) ** Aulerci Cenomani / Gaul Cenomani –

Le Mans Le Mans (, ) is a city in northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le ...

** Aulerci Diablintes ** Aulerci

Eburovices The Eburovīcēs or Aulercī Eburovīcēs (Gaulish: *''Eburouīcēs/Eburowīcēs'', 'those who vanquish by the yew') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Eure department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aule ...

** Aulerci Sagii *

Baiocasses The Bodiocasses or Baiocasses were an ancient Gallic tribe of the Roman period. They were a tribal division of the ''civitas'' of the Lexovii, in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis. Name They are mentioned as ''Bodiocasses'' by Pliny ...

/ Boiocasses –

Bayeux Bayeux () is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy in northwestern France. Bayeux is the home of the Bayeux Tapestry, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England. It is also known as the first major tow ...

, in

Bebryces (Gauls) The Bebryces ( el, Βέβρυκες) were a tribe of people who lived in Bithynia. According to Strabo they were one of the many Thracian tribes that had crossed from Europe into Asia, although modern scholars have rather argued for a Celtic origin ...

– in southern Gaul, south of the Volcae Arecomici, close to Narbo (

Narbonne Narbonne (, also , ; oc, Narbona ; la, Narbo ; Late Latin:) is a commune in Southern France in the Occitanie region. It lies from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. It is located about from the shores of the ...

) region. * Bipedimui / Pimpedunni *Bituriges **

Bituriges Cubi The Bituriges Cubi (Gaulish: ''Biturīges Cubi'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in a territory corresponding to the later province of Berry, which is named after them, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They had a homonym tribe, the Bitur ...

–

Bourges Bourges () is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital city of the former province of Berry. History The name of the commune derives either from the Bituriges, ...

(an eastern branch of the Bituriges but within the

tribal confederation) **

Bituriges Vivisci The Bituriges Vivisci (Gaulish: ''Biturīges Uiuisci'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling near modern-day Bordeaux during the Roman period. They had a homonym tribe, the Bituriges Cubi in the Berry region, which could indicate a common origin, alth ...

–

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefectu ...

(

Burdigala Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture ...

) *

Cadurci The Cadurci were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later region of Quercy during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Cadurcus'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Kadou͂rkoi'' (Καδοῦρκοι) by Strabo (early 1st c ...

–

Cahors Cahors (; oc, Caors ) is a commune in the western part of Southern France. It is the smallest prefecture among the 13 departments that constitute the Occitanie Region. The main city of the Lot department and the historical center of the Que ...

* Caeresi * Cambolectres *

– Autricum (

Chartres Chartres () is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as def ...

Cenabum Cenabum, Cenabaum or Genabum was the name of an ''oppidum'' of the Carnutes tribe, situated on the site of what is now Orléans. It was a prosperous commercial city on the river Loire at the time of Caesar's conquest of Gaul. History This port ...

Genabum Cenabum, Cenabaum or Genabum was the name of an ''oppidum'' of the Carnutes tribe, situated on the site of what is now Orléans. It was a prosperous commercial city on the river Loire at the time of Caesar's conquest of Gaul. History This port ...

(

Orléans Orléans (;"Orleans"
(US) and Aremorica Armorica or Aremorica (Gaulish: ; br, Arvorig, ) is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coa ...

* Chalbici –

Chablais Chablais () was a province of the Duchy of Savoy. Its capital was Thonon-les-Bains. Chablais was elevated to a duchy in 1311 by Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor. This region is currently divided into three territories, the '' Chablais savoyard'', th ...

, in Southern Gaul, south of Lake Leman * Corisopiti *

Curiosolitae The Coriosolites or Curiosolitae were a Gallic people dwelling on the northern coast of present-day Brittany during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Coriosolitas'' (var. ''coriosolitos'', ''curiosolitas'', ''curi ...

Coriosolites The Coriosolites or Curiosolitae were a Gallic people dwelling on the northern coast of present-day Brittany during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Coriosolitas'' (var. ''coriosolitos'', ''curiosolitas'', ''curi ...

–

Corseul Corseul (; ; Gallo: ''Corsoeut'') is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. The town was a major Roman town and contains Roman ruins. The town hall contains a small archaeological museum. History Corseul ...

, in

* Edenates – in Southern Gaul * Eleuterii * Elycoces * Epomandui *

Esuvii The Esuvii (or Esubii; Gaulish: ''Esuuii'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling between the lower Seine and the Loire rivers, in what is now Normandy, during the Iron Age. Name Their tribal name appears to be related to the theonym ''Esus''., s.v. ''E ...

Esubii The Esuvii (or Esubii; Gaulish: ''Esuuii'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling between the lower Seine and the Loire rivers, in what is now Normandy, during the Iron Age. Name Their tribal name appears to be related to the theonym ''Esus''., s.v ...

Sesuvii The Esuvii (or Esubii; Gaulish: ''Esuuii'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling between the lower Seine and the Loire rivers, in what is now Normandy, during the Iron Age. Name Their tribal name appears to be related to the theonym ''Esus''., s.v ...

Helvii The Helvii (also Elui, ancient Greek Ἑλουοί) were a relatively small Celtic polity west of the Rhône river on the northern border of Gallia Narbonensis. Their territory was roughly equivalent to the Vivarais, in the modern French departme ...

/ Elvi - Southern Gaul *

Lemovices The Lemovīcēs (Gaulish: *''Lēmouīcēs'', 'those who vanquish by the elm') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Limousin region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Lemovices'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. ...

–

Limoges Limoges (, , ; oc, Lemòtges, locally ) is a city and Communes of France, commune, and the prefecture of the Haute-Vienne Departments of France, department in west-central France. It was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region ...

* Lexovii –

Lisieux Lisieux () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It is the capital of the Pays d'Auge area, which is characterised by valleys and hedged farmland. Name The name of the town derives from the ...

, in

* Lingones *

Mandubii The Mandubii (Gaulish: *''Mandubioi'') were a small Gallic tribe dwelling near their chief town Alesia, in modern Côte-d'Or, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name An ''oppidum Mandubiorum'' is mentioned by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), a ...

– Alesia (under Aedui Confederation influence but not part of it) *

Medulli Meduci The Medulli (Gaulish: ''Medulloi'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper valley of Maurienne, around present-day Modane (Savoie), during the Iron Age and Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Medullorum'' by Vitruvius (late 1st c. ...

–

Médoc The Médoc (; oc, label= Gascon, Medòc ) is a region of France, well known as a wine growing region, located in the ''département'' of Gironde, on the left bank of the Gironde estuary, north of Bordeaux. Its name comes from ''( Pagus) Medu ...

, southwestern Gaul *

Namnetes The Namnetes were a Gallic tribe dwelling near the modern city of Nantes during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Namnitō͂n'' (Ναμνιτῶν) by Polybius (2nd c. BC) and Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Namnete ...

–

Nantes Nantes (, , ; Gallo: or ; ) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth largest in France, with a population of 314,138 in Nantes proper and a metropolitan area of nearly 1 million inhabita ...

, in

* Nantuates / Nantuatae * Nitiobroges/ Nitiobriges *

Osismii The Osismii, Ossismii, or Ostimii (also Ossismi, Osismi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the western part of the Armorican Peninsula (modern Brittany) during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Etymology They are mentioned as ''Osismos'' and ...

- Western end of

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period ...

Peninsula, in

Petrocorii The Petrocorii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the present-day Périgord region, between the Dordogne and Vézère rivers, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Etymology They are mentioned as ''Petrocoriis'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ' ...

–

Périgueux Périgueux (, ; oc, Peireguers or ) is a commune in the Dordogne department, in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. Périgueux is the prefecture of Dordogne, and the capital city of Périgord. It is also ...

* Pictones/

Pictavi The Pictones were a Gallic tribe dwelling south of the Loire river, in the modern departments of Vendée, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne, during the Iron Age and Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Pictonibus'' and ''Pictones'' by Julius Caes ...

–

Poitiers Poitiers (, , , ; Poitevin: ''Poetàe'') is a city on the River Clain in west-central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and the historical centre of Poitou. In 2017 it had a population of 88,291. Its agglome ...

Redones The Redones or Riedones (Gaulish: ''Rēdones'', later ''Riedones'', 'chariot- or horse-drivers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Armorican peninsula (modern Brittany), around their chief town Condate (modern Rennes), duri ...

–

Rennes Rennes (; br, Roazhon ; Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine departme ...

, in

* Ruteni –

Rodez Rodez ( or ; oc, Rodés, ) is a small city and commune in the South of France, about 150 km northeast of Toulouse. It is the prefecture of the department of Aveyron, region of Occitania (formerly Midi-Pyrénées). Rodez is the seat of th ...

* Santones – Saintes * Seduni – High

Rhône The Rhône ( , ; wae, Rotten ; frp, Rôno ; oc, Ròse ) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. At Ar ...

river valley, Sion (Middle

Valais Valais ( , , ; frp, Valês; german: Wallis ), more formally the Canton of Valais,; german: Kanton Wallis; in other official Swiss languages outside Valais: it, (Canton) Vallese ; rm, (Chantun) Vallais. is one of the 26 cantons forming the S ...

, Switzerland) * Segusiavi /

Segobriges The Segobrigii or Segobriges were a Celto-Ligurian people dwelling in the hinterland of the Greek colony of Massalia (modern Marseille) during the Iron Age. They are mentioned in the founding myth of Massalia, recounted by the Greek philosopher A ...

Lugdunum Lugdunum (also spelled Lugudunum, ; modern Lyon, France) was an important Roman city in Gaul, established on the current site of Lyon. The Roman city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus, but continued an existing Gallic settle ...

(

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...

), that was to be capital of

Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis (French: ''Gaule Lyonnaise'') was a province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul formerly known as Celtica. It is named after its capital Lugdunum (today's Lyon) ...

, was in their land (they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it). * Segovellauni / Segovi – in Southern Gaul *

Sequani The Sequani were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper river basin of the Arar river (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Sequanos'' by Caesar (mi ...

–

Besançon Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzer ...

* Tornates / Turnates *

Tricasses The Tricasses were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the upper Seine and the Aube rivers during the Roman period. Until the first century AD, they were probably reckoned among the Senones. Name They are mentioned as ''Tricasses'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ...

/ Tricassini * Triviatii * Trones * Turones / Turoni –

Tours Tours ( , ) is one of the largest cities in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire. The commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabitants as of 2018 while the population of the whole metro ...

Uberi The Uberi were a Celtic tribe dwelling near the source of the Rhône river, in the modern-day Canton of Valais (Switzerland), during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Along with the Nantuates, Veragri and Seduni, the Uberi were part of the Vall ...

/ Viberi – High

river valley, Upper

* Vellavi / Velaunii – Ruessium ** Veragri - High

river valley, Lower

** Veroduni *

Venelli The Venellī or Unellī (Gaulish: *''Uenellī/Wenellī'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the Cotentin peninsula, in the northwest of modern Normandy, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. In 57 BC, they capitulated to Caesar's legate Publi ...

Unelli The Venellī or Unellī (Gaulish: *''Uenellī/Wenellī'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the Cotentin peninsula, in the northwest of modern Normandy, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. In 57 BC, they capitulated to Caesar's legate Publi ...

–

Coutances Coutances () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. History Capital of the Unelli, a Gaulish tribe, the town was given the name of ''Constantia'' in 298 during the reign of Roman emperor Constantius Chloru ...

Cotentin The Cotentin Peninsula (, ; nrf, Cotentîn ), also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that forms part of the northwest coast of France. It extends north-westward into the English Channel, towards Great Britain. To its w ...

Peninsula, in today's Western

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

region, in

* Veneti –

Vannes Vannes (; br, Gwened) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago. History Celtic Era The name ''Vannes'' comes from the Veneti, a seafaring Celtic people who live ...

, in

Viducasses The Viducassēs (Gaulish: *''Uiducassēs/Widucassēs'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Calvados department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Viducasses'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Bidouk ...

/ Vadicasses / Vadicassii – Vieux, in

*Mix of several Gaulish tribes **

Gaesatae The Gaesatae or Gaesati ( Greek Γαισάται) were a group of Gallic mercenary warriors who lived in the Alps near the river Rhône and fought against the Roman Republic at the Battle of Telamon in 225 BC., s.v. ''Gaesatae''. According to s ...

– Numbering c. 30,000, they participated in the

battle of Telamon The Battle of Telamon was fought between the Roman Republic and an alliance of Celtic tribes in 225 BC. The Romans, led by the consuls Gaius Atilius Regulus and Lucius Aemilius Papus, defeated the Celts led by the Gaesatae kings Concolitanus ...

a group of mercenary Celtic warriors from several tribes of the western Alps slopes, not a tribe. *Possible Gaulish tribes **

Galli (tribe) A ''gallus'' (pl. ''galli'') was a eunuch priest of the Phrygian goddess Cybele (Magna Mater in Rome) and her consort Attis, whose worship was incorporated into the state religious practices of ancient Rome. Origins Cybele's cult may have or ...

– along Gallicus ( Gállego) river banks, see place names (toponyms) like Forum Gallorum, Gallur, a different tribe from the

Suessetani The Suessetani were a pre-Roman people of the northeast Iberian Peninsula that dwelt mainly in the plains area of the Alba (Arba) river basin (a northern tributary of the Ebro river), in today's Cinco Villas, Aragon, Zaragoza Province (westernmost ...

; may have been a tribe related to the

(

) and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts. Some Gaulish tribes may have migrated southward and crossed the

Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...

(by the north, the central, or the south areas of the mountains) in a second or a third Celtic wave to the Iberian Peninsula. These tribes were different from the Hispano-Celtic / Iberian Celtic tribes. ** Garumni – along the banks of the high Garumna (Garonne), southwest of the

, and in and around

Lugdunum Convenarum Lugdunum (also spelled Lugudunum, ; modern Lyon, France) was an important Roman city in Gaul, established on the current site of Lyon. The Roman city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus, but continued an existing Gallic sett ...

, among the Convenae. Although they dwelt in

Proper, they seem to have been a

tribe and not a tribe of the

(a people that may have been the ancestor of the

Cisalpine Gauls

* Cisalpine Gauls ( Celtae / Galli Cisalpini) - They lived in Cisalpine Gaul, most of today's northern Italy. Multiple waves of population movements from France. They spoke

Cisalpine Gaulish The Celtic Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions are frequently combined with the Lepontic inscriptions under the term ''Celtic language remains in northern Italy''. While it is possible that the Lepontii were autochthonous to Northern Italy since the ...

language of the

type) closely related to

or Gallic. They lived in Cisalpine Gaul (''Gallia Cisalpina''), also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'', was the part of Italy continually inhabited by

since the 13th century BC. Conquered by the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Ki ...

in the 220s BC, it was a

Roman province The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...

from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was merged into

Roman Italy Roman Italy (called in both the Latin and Italian languages referring to the Italian Peninsula) was the homeland of the ancient Romans and of the Roman empire. According to Roman mythology, Italy was the ancestral home promised by Jupiter to ...

. Until that time, it was considered part of

, precisely that part of Gaul on the "hither side of the

" (from the perspective of the

), as opposed to

("on the far side of the Alps"). **Seven Gaulish tribes that according to

Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding in ...

settled in Cisalpine Gaul around 600 BC. Led by

Bellovesus Bellovesus (Gaulish: 'Worthy of Power') is a legendary Gallic chief of the Bituriges, said to have lived ca. 600 BC. According to a legend recounted by Livy, the king Ambigatus sent his sister's sons Bellovesus and Segovesus in search of new lan ...

, they defeated the

Etruscans The Etruscan civilization () was developed by a people of Etruria in ancient Italy with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered, at its greatest extent, roug ...

at the

Ticino Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...

, settled in

Insubria Insubria ( Lombard: ''Insübria'') is a historical-geographical region which corresponds to the area inhabited in Classical antiquity by the Insubres; the name can also refer to the Duchy of Milan (1395–1810). For several centuries this name sto ...

and founded the city of

Mediolanum Mediolanum, the ancient city where Milan now stands, was originally an Insubrian city, but afterwards became an important Roman city in northern Italy. The city was settled by the Insubres around 600 BC, conquered by the Romans in 222 BC, and ...

, the modern

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...

. They were ancestors of Cisalpine Gauls. ***

(many

Insubres The Insubres or Insubri were an ancient Celtic population settled in Insubria, in what is now the Italian region of Lombardy. They were the founders of Mediolanum ( Milan). Though completely Gaulish at the time of Roman conquest, they were the r ...

descended from them) *** Ambarri ***

*** Aulerci (many Cisalpine Gaul Cenomani descended from them) *** Bituriges ***

*** Salyes or

Salluvii The Salyes or Salluvii (Greek: ) were an ancient Celto-Ligurian people dwelling between the Durance river and the Greek colony of Massalia during the Iron Age. Although earlier writers called them 'Ligurian', Strabo used the denomination 'Celto-lig ...

(Celto-Ligurians) ** Anani – Western Emilia,

Po Valley The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain ( it, Pianura Padana , or ''Val Padana'') is a major geographical feature of Northern Italy. It extends approximately in an east-west direction, with an area of including its Venetic ex ...

, (

Fidentia Fidenza ( Parmigiano: ; locally ) is a town and ''comune ''in the province of Parma, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. It has around 27,000 inhabitants. The town was renamed Fidenza in 1927, recalling its Roman name of ''Fidentia''; before, it was ca ...

Province of Piacenza The province of Piacenza ( it, provincia di Piacenza) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its provincial capital is the city Piacenza. As of 2016, it has a total population of 286,572 inhabitants over an area of , giving it a popu ...

) ** Anamares – Minor tribe whose precise location along the southern bank of the river Padus in Italy is uncertain ** Anares – Middle

, Placentia (

Piacenza Piacenza (; egl, label= Piacentino, Piaṡëinsa ; ) is a city and in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, and the capital of the eponymous province. As of 2022, Piacenza is the ninth largest city in the region by population, with over ...

) **

Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul) The Cenomani (Greek: , Strabo, Ptol.; , Polyb.), was an ancient tribe of the Cisalpine Gauls, who occupied the tract north of the Padus (modern Po River), between the Insubres on the west and the Veneti on the east. Their territory appears t ...

– Eastern

Lombardy (man), (woman) lmo, lumbard, links=no (man), (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , ...

( Brixia,

Cremona Cremona (, also ; ; lmo, label= Cremunés, Cremùna; egl, Carmona) is a city and ''comune'' in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the ''Pianura Padana'' ( Po Valley). It is the capital of the ...

). Related to or a branch of the Cenomani ( Aulerci Cenomani) that lived in Transalpine

(

Transalpina). **

– Western

(

). Said by Pliny to descend from the

. ** Lingones – North-eastern

(

Ferrara Ferrara (, ; egl, Fràra ) is a city and ''comune'' in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream ...

. Related to or a branch of the Lingones that lived in

(

). ** Senones – South-eastern

(

Rimini Rimini ( , ; rgn, Rémin; la, Ariminum) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It sprawls along the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient ''Ariminu ...

) and Northern

Marche Marche ( , ) is one of the twenty regions of Italy. In English, the region is sometimes referred to as The Marches ( ). The region is located in the central area of the country, bordered by Emilia-Romagna and the republic of San Marino to the ...

( Senigallia). Related to or a branch of the Senones that lived in

(

Lepontine Celts

They seem to have been an older group of

that lived in

before the Gaulish Celtic migration. They spoke

language) a Celtic language that seems to precede

. * Lepontii / Lepontii / Leipontii / Lepontes –

Val Leventina The Leventina District is one of the eight districts of the largely Italian-speaking canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital of the district is Faido but the largest town is Airolo on the southern flank of the Gotthard Pass. Situated to the ...

and

Val d'Ossola The Ossola (, also Valle Ossola or Val d’Ossola) is an area of Italy situated to the north of Lago Maggiore. It lies within the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola. Its principal river is the Toce, and its most important town Domodossola. E ...

in today's

Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Verbano-Cusio-Ossola (Italian: ''Provincia del Verbano Cusio Ossola'' ) is the northernmost province in the Italian region of Piedmont. It was created in 1992 through the fusion of three geographical areas which had previously been part of the ...

Piemonte it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

, North-eastern

Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

, far Northwestern

, and Switzerland in the Lepontine Alps. They were not Gaulish Celts *

Orobii The Orobii (also Orobi, Oromobi or Orumbovii) were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling around present-day Como and Bergamo during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Orobii'' by Cato the Elder (early 2nd century BC). The ethnic name ''Orobii ...

Orumbovii The Orobii (also Orobi, Oromobi or Orumbovii) were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling around present-day Como and Bergamo during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Orobii'' by Cato the Elder (early 2nd century BC). The ethnic name ''Orobi ...

– Central

(

Bergamo Bergamo (; lmo, Bèrghem ; from the proto- Germanic elements *''berg +*heim'', the "mountain home") is a city in the alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, approximately northeast of Milan, and about from Switzerland, the alpine lakes Com ...

)

Celto-
Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...
/
Gallo Gallo may refer to: *Related to Gaul: Gallo-Roman culture Gallo language, a regional language of France Gallo-Romance, a branch of Romance languages Gallo-Italic or Gallo-Italian language, a branch spoken in Northern Italy of the Romance ...
-
Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...

May have been

tribes influenced by

Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...

, heavily Celticized Ligurian tribes that shifted to a Celtic ethnolinguistic identity or mixed

- Ligurian tribes. They dwelt in southeastern

and northwestern

, mainly in the

Western Alps The Western Alps are the western part of the Alpine Range including the southeastern part of France (e.g. Savoie), the whole of Monaco, the northwestern part of Italy (i.e. Piedmont and the Aosta Valley) and the southwestern part of Switzerland ( ...

regions, Rhodanus eastern basin and upper Po river basin. * Acitavones * Adenates /

Adanates The Adanates or Edenates were a small Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Seyne, in the Alpes Cottiae, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Edenates'' (var. '-) by Pliny (1st c. AD),Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia''3:20 and as ' ...

– slopes of the Western Alps (Maurienne-Modanne), Southern Gaul *

Adunicates The Adunicates were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Durance valley during the Roman era. Name They are mentioned as ''Adunicates'' by Pliny (1st c. AD). Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:35. The etymology of the name is unclear. If ...

– Andon área, Southern Gaul * Albici – Middle and Lower

Durance The Durance (; ''Durença'' in the Occitan classical norm or ''Durènço'' in the Mistralian norm) is a major river in Southeastern France. A left tributary of the Rhône, it is long. Its drainage basin is .Albienses / Albici Proper ** Vordenses ** Vulgientes * Anatili * Avantices (Avantici) * Avatices /

Avatici The Avatici (Gaulish: *''Auaticoi'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling near the Étang de Berre, between the mouth of the Rhône river and Massilia (modern Marseille), during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Au̓atilō͂n'' (Αὐατ ...

–

Camargue Camargue (, also , , ; oc, label= Provençal, Camarga) is a region of France located south of Arles, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the Rhône delta. The eastern arm is called the ''Grand Rhône''; the western one is the '' ...

– Rhodanus river delta, south of the Volcae Arecomici, in Southern

Belaci The Belaci were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the Alpes Cottiae, around present-day Oulx, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Belacorum'' on the Arch of Susa. CIL 5:7231., s.v. ''Belaci''. The ethnonym Belaci is possibly Ce ...

* Bodiontici – in Southern Gaul * Bormanni * Bramovices – Low Tarentaise,

Savoy Savoy (; frp, Savouè ; french: Savoie ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south. Sa ...

, Southern Gaul * Briganii /

Brigianii The Brigianii (Gaulish: *''Brigianioi'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Briançon during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Brigianii'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Brigiani'', ''Brigantionis'' ...

–

Briançon Briançon (, ) is the sole subprefecture of the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is the highest city in France at an altitude of , based on the national definition as a community cont ...

, High

Durance The Durance (; ''Durença'' in the Occitan classical norm or ''Durènço'' in the Mistralian norm) is a major river in Southeastern France. A left tributary of the Rhône, it is long. Its drainage basin is .Caburri * Camatulici * Casmonates / Cosmonates (in the area of Castellazzo Bormida) *

Caturiges The Caturiges (Gaulish: ''Caturīges'', 'kings of combat') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Durance valley, around present-day towns of Chorges and Embrun, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Catur ...

–

Chorges Chorges (; Vivaro-Alpine: ''Chorge'') is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. It is close to Gap. The name ''Chorges'' derives from Latin ''Catorimagus'', itself coming from the Alpine tribe of the Caturiges in th ...

, High

Cavari The Cavarī or Cavarēs (Gaulish: *''Cauaroi'', 'the heroes, champions, mighty men') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the western part of modern Vaucluse, around the present-day cities of Avignon, Orange and Cavaillon, during the Roman period. T ...

– North of Low

Durance The Durance (; ''Durença'' in the Occitan classical norm or ''Durènço'' in the Mistralian norm) is a major river in Southeastern France. A left tributary of the Rhône, it is long. Its drainage basin is .Arausio ( Orange), in Southern Gaul (tribal confederation) ** Cavares Proper ** Meminii / Menimii * Ceutrones / Centrones –

Moûtiers Moûtiers (; Arpitan: ''Motiérs''), historically also called Tarentaise, is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France. In 2018, it had a population of 3,511. Moûtiers is the main access poin ...

, in the western Alps slopes, Southern Gaul * Coenicenses * Dexivates * Esubiani –

Ubaye Valley The Ubaye Valley is an area in the Alpes de Haute-Provence ''département'', in the French Alps, having approximately 7,700 residents. Its residents are called ''Ubayens''. Its principal town is the ''sous-préfecture'' of Barcelonnette. 350px, ...

, Southern Gaul * Euburiates * Gabieni * Glanici *

Graioceli The Graioceli were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the valley of Maurienne, in the modern region of Savoie, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Graioceli'' (var. ''graiocaeli, gaioceli'') by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC)., s.v. ''Graioc ...

/ Garocelli – Alps western slopes in part of eastern Savoy, and Alps eastern slopes, northwestern

in the

Graian Alps , it, Alpi Graie , photo = , photo_caption = , country_type = Countries , country = , subdivision1_type = Provinces/Regions , subdivision1 = , parent = Alps , borders_on = ...

* Iadatini *

Iconii The Ucennii, Ucenni or Iconii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the Romanche valley, in the Alps, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Ucenni'' (var. ''uceni'', ''ucermi'') by Pliny (1st c. AD) and on the Tropaeum Alpium,Pliny. ''Nat ...

– Gap, in Southern Gaul * Irienses * Libii / Libici *

Ligauni The Ligauni were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling near the Mediterranean coast during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ligaunorumque'' by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:35., s.v. ''Ligauni''. ...

* Maielli * Medulli – upper valley of

Maurienne Maurienne ( frp, Môrièna) is one of the provinces of Savoy, corresponding to the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in France. It is also the original name of the capital of the province, now Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. Location The Mau ...

, Southern Gaul * Naburni *

Nearchi The Nearchi were an ancient tribe dwelling in lower Provence. Name They are mentioned as ''Nearchi'' by Rufus Festus Avienus (4th c. CE). The ethnonym can be compared with the Ancient Greek personal name '' Néarkhos'' (Νέαρχος; Latin ...

* Nemalones / Nemolani – in Southern Gaul *

Nemeturii The Nemeturii (Gaulish *''Nemeturioi'', 'the inhabitants of nemetons') or Nemeturi were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the Alpes Maritimae during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Nemeturicae'' by Columella (1st c. AD), and as ''Nemoturi ...

– High Var river valley, Southern Gaul *

- in the northern Italian Alpine valleys of

Como Como (, ; lmo, Còmm, label= Comasco , or ; lat, Novum Comum; rm, Com; french: Côme) is a city and '' comune'' in Lombardy, Italy. It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como. Its proximity to Lake Como and to the Alps ...

and

Lecco Lecco (, , ; lmo, label= Lecchese, Lècch ) is a city of 48,131 inhabitants in Lombardy, northern Italy, north of Milan. It lies at the end of the south-eastern branch of Lake Como (the branch is named ''Branch of Lecco'' / ''Ramo di Lecco''). ...

Quariates The Quariates or Quadiates were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the valley of Queyras, in the Alps, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Quariates'' (var. ''quadr''-) by Pliny (1st c. AD),Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:35. and as ''Qu ...

– in Southern Gaul * Reieni / Reii - in Southern Gaul * Salassi (

Gallo Gallo may refer to: *Related to Gaul: **Gallo-Roman culture **Gallo language, a regional language of France **Gallo-Romance, a branch of Romance languages **Gallo-Italic or Gallo-Italian language, a branch spoken in Northern Italy of the Romance ...

- Ligurian people) –

Aosta Valley , Valdostan or Valdotainian it, Valdostano (man) it, Valdostana (woman)french: Valdôtain (man)french: Valdôtaine (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = Official languages , population_blank1 = Italian French ...

and

Canavese Canavese ( French: ''Canavais''; Piedmontese: ''Canavèis'') is a subalpine geographical and historical area of North-West Italy which lies today within the Metropolitan City of Turin in Piedmont. Its main town is Ivrea and it is famous for its ca ...

(Northern

) ( Ivrea) * Salyes /

Savincates The Savincates were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the Ubaye valley, around present-day Faucon-de-Barcelonnette in the Alpes Maritimae, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Savincatium'' on two inscriptions., s.v. ''Savincates''. ...

* Sebagini *

* Segovi *

Segusini The Segusini (Gaulish: *''Segusinoi'', 'those of Segusio') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Susa, in the Alpes Cottiae, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Segosianō̃n'' (Σεγοσιανῶν) Strabo (early 1st c. ...

- in Segusa (today's

Susa Susa ( ; Middle elx, 𒀸𒋗𒊺𒂗, translit=Šušen; Middle and Neo- elx, 𒋢𒋢𒌦, translit=Šušun; Neo- Elamite and Achaemenid elx, 𒀸𒋗𒐼𒀭, translit=Šušán; Achaemenid elx, 𒀸𒋗𒐼, translit=Šušá; fa, شوش ...

) * Sentienes /

Sentii The Sentii (Gaulish: ''Sentioi'') were a small Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Senez, in southeastern France, during the Roman era. Name They are mentioned as Σέντιοι (var. Σένποι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD)., s.v. ''Sentii'' ...

–

Senez Senez is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. Ecclesiastical history Marcellus I, the first known bishop of Senez, attended the Council of Agde in 506 CE; nevertheless, Senez must have been an episcopal ...

, in Southern Gaul * Sigorii * Sogiontii * Suelteri / Sueltri * Suetrii *

Taurini The Taurini were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling in the upper valley of the river Po, around present-day Turin, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Taurĩnoí'' (Ταυρῖνοί) by Polybius (2nd c. BC), ' ...

– parts of central

(

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

region) *

Tebavii The Tebavii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the Alps during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Tebaviorum'' on the Arch of Susa. The suffix - (sing. -) is found in other Gaulish tribal names, such as Carnavii and Vellavii. It could ...

* Tricastini * Tricorii – in Southern Gaul * Tritolii *

Ucenni The Ucennii, Ucenni or Iconii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the Romanche valley, in the Alps, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Ucenni'' (var. ''uceni'', ''ucermi'') by Pliny (1st c. AD) and on the Tropaeum Alpium,Pliny. ''Nat ...

* Veamini – in Southern Gaul * Vennavi *

Vergunni The Vergunni were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the valley of the Riou, near the Verdon river, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Vergunni'' by Pliny (1st c. AD) and on an inscription.Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia''3:20 CIL 5:7817., ...

–

Vinon-sur-Verdon Vinon-sur-Verdon (; oc, Vinon de Verdon) is a commune in the northwestern part of the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. The town is on the left bank of the river Verdon near the Gorges du Verdon. ...

, Southern Gaul * Verucini *

Vocontii The Vocontii (Gaulish: *''Uocontioi''; Greek: Οὐοκόντιοι, Οὐοκοντίων) were a Gallic people dwelling on the western foothills of the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Vocontii settled in the region in the 3 ...

Transalpine Gaul Vertamocori Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the ...

– Vaison-la-Romaine, Southern Gaul (in modern

Provence Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bo ...

, on the east bank of the

and Vercors, southern Gaul. **

Vertamocorii The Vertamocorii (Gaulish: *''Wertamocorī'') were a Celtic people that lived in Cisalpine Gaul around Novara, in Eastern Piedmont ( Italy). The Vertamocorii are reported by Pliny in the third book of Naturalis Historia, where they are said to b ...

– Eastern

(

Novara Novara (, Novarese: ) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy, to the west of Milan. With 101,916 inhabitants (on 1 January 2021), it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin. It i ...

). Said by Pliny to descend from the

Hispano-Celts /
Celts of Hispania The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

They lived in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Northern, Central, and Western regions (half of the Peninsula's territory). The

in the Iberian peninsula were traditionally thought of as living on the edge of the Celtic world of the

La Tène culture The La Tène culture (; ) was a European Iron Age culture. It developed and flourished during the late Iron Age (from about 450 BC to the Roman conquest in the 1st century BC), succeeding the early Iron Age Hallstatt culture without any defi ...

that defined classical

Iron Age The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age ( Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age ( Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly ...

Celts. Earlier migrations were

Hallstatt Hallstatt ( , , ) is a small town in the district of Gmunden, in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Situated between the southwestern shore of Hallstätter See and the steep slopes of the Dachstein massif, the town lies in the Salzkammergut ...

in culture and later came La Tène influenced peoples. Celtic or (

Indo-European The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Du ...

) Pre-Celtic cultures and populations existed in great numbers and Iberia experienced one of the highest levels of Celtic settlement in all of Europe. They dwelt in northern, central and western regions of the Iberian Peninsula, but also in several southern regions. They spoke

Celtic languages The Celtic languages (usually , but sometimes ) are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic. They form a branch of the Indo-European language family. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward ...

- Hispano-Celtic languages which were of the

type, more

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

languages. Romans initially organized the Peninsula in two provinces (later in three):

Hispania Citerior Hispania Citerior (English: "Hither Iberia", or "Nearer Iberia") was a Roman province in Hispania during the Roman Republic. It was on the eastern coast of Iberia down to the town of Cartago Nova, today's Cartagena in the autonomous community of ...

("Nearer Hispania", "Hispania that is Closer", from the perspective of the Romans), was a region of Hispania during the

, roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the Iberus (Ebro) Valley and later the eastern, central, northern and northwestern areas of the Iberian peninsula in what would become the

Tarraconensis Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. It encompassed much of the northern, eastern and central territories of modern Spain along with modern northern Portugal. Southern Spain, the region now called Andalusia was the ...

(of what is now Spain and northern Portugal).

Hispania Ulterior Hispania Ulterior (English: "Further Hispania", or occasionally "Thither Hispania") was a region of Hispania during the Roman Republic, roughly located in Baetica and in the Guadalquivir valley of modern Spain and extending to all of Lusitania ( ...

("Further Hispania", "Hispania that is Beyond", from the perspective of the Romans) was a region of Hispania during the

, roughly located in what would become the

provinces A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

Baetica Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basi ...

(that included the

Baetis ''Baetis'' is a genus of mayflies of the family Baetidae, known as the blue-winged olive to anglers. There are at least 150 described species in ''Baetis''. They are distributed worldwide, with the most variety in North America and northe ...

Guadalquivir The Guadalquivir (, also , , ) is the fifth-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula and the second-longest river with its entire length in Spain. The Guadalquivir is the only major navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable from the Gul ...

, valley of modern Spain) and extending to all of

Lusitania Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and a portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and the province of Salamanca) lie. It was named after the Lusitani or Lu ...

(modern south and central Portugal,

Extremadura Extremadura (; ext, Estremaúra; pt, Estremadura; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') is an autonomous community of Spain. Its capital city is Mérida, and its largest city is Badajoz. Located in the central-western part of the Iberian Peninsula, it ...

and a small part of

Salamanca province Salamanca () is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, Valladolid, Ávila, and Cáceres, and on the west by Portugal. It ha ...

). The

of Hispania included both Celtic speaking and non-Celtic speaking tribes. Some closely fit the concept of a

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

Western Hispano-Celts Western may refer to: Places * Western, Nebraska, a village in the US Western, New York, a town in the US Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western world, countries that ...
(
Celts of Western Hispania The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...
)

Western Hispano-Celts were Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited most of north and western Iberian Peninsula regions. They are often confused or taken as synonym of Celtiberians but, in fact, they were a distinct Celtic population that was most part of Iberian Peninsula Celtic populations. They spoke

language of the

Q Celtic The Celtic languages (usually , but sometimes ) are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic. They form a branch of the Indo-European language family. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward ...

type, a more

language) which was not Celtiberian (

of Iberian Peninsula are often lumped as

). *

Allotriges The Allotriges or Allotrigones ( el, Allotrigoi), were a small 'Celticized' mountain people mentioned alongside the Plentauri by Strabo, as inhabitants of the region roughly corresponding to present-day northwestern La Rioja, around the area of ...

/ Autrigones – East

Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence o ...

(Spain), Northwestern

La Rioja La Rioja () is an autonomous community and province in Spain, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Its capital is Logroño. Other cities and towns in the province include Calahorra, Arnedo, Alfaro, Haro, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, an ...

(Spain) to the Atlantic Coast *

Astur The Astures or Asturs, also named Astyrs, were the Hispano-Celtic inhabitants of the northwest area of Hispania that now comprises almost the entire modern autonomous community of Principality of Asturias, the modern province of León, and the ...

es – Asturias and northern León (Spain), and east of Trás os Montes (Portugal), (tribal confederation). ** Cismontani *** Amaci *** Cabruagenigi *** Gigurri *** Lancienses *** Lougei *** Orniaci *** Superatii *** Susarri/

Astures The Astures or Asturs, also named Astyrs, were the Hispano-Celtic inhabitants of the northwest area of Hispania that now comprises almost the entire modern autonomous community of Principality of Asturias, the modern province of León, and the ...

Proper *** Tiburi ***

Zoelae The Zoelae were an ancient Celtic tribe of Gallaecia, living in the north of modern Portugal, in the province of Trás-os-Montes, between the mountains of Serra da Nogueira and the mountains of Mogadouro. See also * Pre-Roman peoples of the Iber ...

– Eastern Trás-os-Montes (Portugal), (

Miranda do Douro Miranda do Douro () or Miranda de l Douro in Mirandese () is a city and a municipality in the district of Bragança, northeastern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 7,482, in an area of 487.18 km². The town proper had a population of 1,9 ...

). ** Transmontani *** Baedunienses *** Brigaentini *** Cabarci *** Iburri *** Luggones/ Lungones *** Paenii *** Paesici *** Saelini *** Vinciani *** Viromenici. Might be related to the

Viromandui The Viromanduī or Veromanduī (Gaulish: *''Uiromanduoi'') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Vermandois region (Picardy) during the Iron Age and Roman periods. During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), they belonged to the Belgic coalition of ...

. * Bebryaces / Berybraces – unknown location, may have been related to the

Bebryces (gauls) The Bebryces ( el, Βέβρυκες) were a tribe of people who lived in Bithynia. According to Strabo they were one of the many Thracian tribes that had crossed from Europe into Asia, although modern scholars have rather argued for a Celtic origin ...

or the Berones, there is also the possibility that it was an old name of the

Celtiberians The Celtiberians were a group of Celts and Celticized peoples inhabiting an area in the central-northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the final centuries BCE. They were explicitly mentioned as being Celts by several classic authors (e.g. Strab ...

. * Berones –

(Spain). Could have been related to the

Eburones The Eburones ( Greek: ) were a Gallic- Germanic tribe dwelling in the northeast of Gaul, in what is now the southern Netherlands, eastern Belgium and the German Rhineland, in the period immediately preceding the Roman conquest of the region. T ...

. *

Cantabri The Cantabri ( grc-gre, Καντάβροι, ''Kantabroi'') or Ancient Cantabrians, were a pre-Roman people and large tribal federation that lived in the northern coastal region of ancient Iberia in the second half of the first millennium BC. Thes ...

–

Cantabria Cantabria (, also , , Cantabrian: ) is an autonomous community in northern Spain with Santander as its capital city. It is called a ''comunidad histórica'', a historic community, in its current Statute of Autonomy. It is bordered on the east ...

, part of

Asturias Asturias (, ; ast, Asturies ), officially the Principality of Asturias ( es, Principado de Asturias; ast, Principáu d'Asturies; Galician-Asturian: ''Principao d'Asturias''), is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. It is coextensiv ...

and part of

Castile and León Castile and León ( es, Castilla y León ; ast-leo, Castiella y Llión ; gl, Castela e León ) is an autonomous community in northwestern Spain. It was created in 1983, eight years after the end of the Francoist regime, by the merging of th ...

(Spain); some consider them not Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic

as could have been the Lusitani and

Vettones The Vettones (Greek: ''Ouettones'') were a pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula of possibly Celtic ethnicity. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly western Hispano-Celtic features. Reissued i ...

br>
If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A Tribal confederation. ** Avarigines ** Blendii / Plentusii / Plentuisii ** Camarici / Tamarici ** Concani / Gongani – two tribes of similar name (the Britannia Gangani and Hibernia Gangani) lived in

Britannia Britannia () is the national personification of Britain as a helmeted female warrior holding a trident and shield. An image first used in classical antiquity, the Latin ''Britannia'' was the name variously applied to the British Isles, Grea ...

and

Hibernia ''Hibernia'' () is the Classical Latin name for Ireland. The name ''Hibernia'' was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (c. 320 BC), Pytheas of Massalia called the island ''Iérnē'' (written ). ...

, they could have been three branches of the same tribe, three related tribes with common ancestors or three different tribes that shared similar names. ** Coniaci / Conisci ** Moroecani ** Noegi ** Orgenomesci ** Salaeni / Selaeni ** Vadinienses ** Vellici / Velliques * Caristii / Carietes – today's West Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see

Late Basquisation Late Basquisation is a minority hypothesis that dates the arrival of the first speakers of the Basque language in northeastern Iberia from Aquitaine to the 5th or 6th century AD – as opposed to the mainstream view of it being the last remaining ...

), they were later assimilated by the

Vascones The Vascones were a pre-Roman tribe who, on the arrival of the Romans in the 1st century, inhabited a territory that spanned between the upper course of the Ebro river and the southern basin of the western Pyrenees, a region that coincides wi ...

in the 6th and 7th centuries CE; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic

people as the Lusitani and

could have been

If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). *

Carpetani The Carpetani ( Greek: ''Karpetanoi'') were one of the Celtic pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania, modern Spain and Portugal), akin to the Celtiberians, dwelling in the central part of the '' meseta'' - the high ce ...

– Central Iberian meseta (Spain), in the geographical centre of the Iberian Peninsula, in a large part of today's Castilla-La Mancha and

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

regions. A tribal confederation with 27 identified tribes. (the name of these tribes is known today by archaeology discovery of their names in old stellae and not by mention of any known or survived works of Classical Antiquity authors) ** Aelarici / Aelariques ** Aeturici / Aeturiques ** Arquioci - in Iplacea, Roman named Complutum (today's

Alcalá de Henares Alcalá de Henares () is a Spanish city in the Community of Madrid. Straddling the Henares River, it is located to the northeast of the centre of Madrid. , it has a population of 193,751, making it the region's third-most populated municipality ...

) region. ** Acualici / Acualiques ** Bocourici / Bocouriques ** Canbarici - in Toletum ( Toledo) region. ** Contucianci - in

Segobriga Segóbriga was an important Celtic and Roman city, and is today an impressive site located on a hill (cerro Cabeza de Griego) near the present town of Saelices. Research has revealed remains of important buildings, which have since been preserve ...

region. ** Dagencii ** Dovilici / Doviliques ** Duitici / Duitiques ** Duniques ** Elguismici / Elguismiques ** Langioci ** Longeidoci ** Maganici / Maganiques ** Malugenici / Malugeniques ** Manucici / Manuciques ** Maureici ** Mesici ** Metturici ** Moenicci ** Obisodici / Obisodiques - in Toletum ( Toledo) region ** Pilonicori ** Solici ** Tirtalici / Tirtaliques - in

region. ** Uloci / Uloques ** Venatioci / Venatioques * Celtici – Portugal south of the

Tagus The Tagus ( ; es, Tajo ; pt, Tejo ; see below) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales near Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows , generally west with two main south-westward sections, to e ...

and north of

Guadiana The Guadiana River (, also , , ), or Odiana, is an international river defining a long stretch of the Portugal-Spain border, separating Extremadura and Andalusia (Spain) from Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal). The river's basin extends from the e ...

(''Anas''),

Alentejo Alentejo ( , ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond () the Tagus river" (''Tejo''). Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alent ...

and

Algarve The Algarve (, , ; from ) is the southernmost NUTS II region of continental Portugal. It has an area of with 467,495 permanent inhabitants and incorporates 16 municipalities ( ''concelhos'' or ''municípios'' in Portuguese). The region has it ...

(Portugal), western

(Spain), (tribal confederation). ** Celtici of Arunda (

Ronda Ronda () is a town in the Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about west of the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is about 35,000. Ronda is known for its cliff-side location and a deep chasm ...

) – in south Turdetania, later

Roman province, (in today's western Málaga Province),

Andalusia Andalusia (, ; es, Andalucía ) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a "historical nationality". The ...

region (southernmost known Celtic tribe). ** Cempsi **

Conii The Cynetes or Conii were one of the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, living in today's Algarve and Lower Alentejo regions of southern Portugal, and the southern part of Badajoz and the northwestern portions of Córdoba and Ciudad Rea ...

– according to some scholars,

and

Cynetes The Cynetes or Conii were one of the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, living in today's Algarve and Lower Alentejo regions of southern Portugal, and the southern part of Badajoz and the northwestern portions of Córdoba and Ciudad R ...

were two different peoples or tribes and the names were not two different names of the same people or tribe; in this case, the Conii may have dwelt along the northern banks of the middle Guadiana, Anas (Guadiana) river, in today's western

region of Spain, and were a Celtici tribe wrongly confused with the

of Algarve, Cyneticum (

) that dwelt from the west banks of the Low river Guadiana, Anas (Guadiana) further to the south (the celticization of the Cynetes by the Celtici confused the distinction between the two peoples or tribes).Jorge de Alarcão, “Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)”, in Revista portuguesa de Arqueologia, vol. IV, n° 2, 2001, p. 312 e segs. **Mirobrigenses **Sefes, Saephes / Sefes, Saefes / Sefes - people or tribe of the Celtici that has been identified as synonymous with the Ophiussa, Ophi or ''Serpent People'' (their land was called Ophiussa), a people that migrated westward and conquered and expelled an older people known as the Oestriminis, Oestrymni or Oestrimni (in a land that was called Oestriminis). **Unknown tribes *Callaici, Gallaeci / Callaici (Calaici, Gallecians) – Gallaecia (Spain & Portugal).

Western Hispano-Celts Western may refer to: Places * Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western world, countries that ...

largest tribal confederation. **Abobrigenses **Addovi / Iadovi **Aebocosi **Aedui (Gallaecian tribe) **Albiones / Albioni – western

(Spain). **Amphiloci **Aquaflavienses / Aquiflavienses - Vila Real District (Chaves, Portugal, Chaves), ( Portugal) **Arroni / Arrotrebi **Artabri, Arrotrebae / Artabri (Artabri, Turodes Artabri) – Northern Galicia (Spain), They might be related to the Atrebates of

. **Artodii **Aunonenses **Baedi **Banienses – around Baião Municipality, Eastern Porto District, (Portugal). **Barhantes **Bibali / Bibali, Biballi **Bracari / Bracari, Callaeci Bracari – roughly in today's Braga District, (Portugal). **Brassii **Brigantes (Gallaecian tribe) – Northern Bragança District, Bragança, Portugal, Bragança, (Portugal). **Caladuni **Capori / Copori **Celtici (Gallaecian) ***Celtici Praestamarici ***Celtici Supertamarici **Cibarci **Cileni **Coelerni – southwestern Ourense Province (Spain), south of Minho (river). **Cuci (Gallaecian tribe), Cuci **Egi **Egovarri / Varri Namarini **Equaesi – Minho Province, Minho and Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Gallaeci (Proper), Gallaeci or Gallaeci (Proper), Callaeci Proper, this tribe gave name to the larger tribal confederation of the same name (not the same tribe as the Bracari) - roughly in today's Porto District (Portuguese District = County) west of the Tâmega river. **Grovii / (Grovii, Turodes Grovii) – Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Iadones **Interamici / Interamnici – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Lapatianci **Lemavi **Leuni – Minho (Portugal). **Limici – Lima (river), Lima river banks, Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Louguei **Luanqui – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Naebisoci / Aebisoci **Namarii **Narbasi -Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Nemetati – Minho (Portugal). **Nerii / Nerii, Neri **Poemani, they might be related to the Paemani. **Quaquerni / Querquerni – Minho (Portugal). **Segodii **Seurbi – Minho (Portugal). **Seurri – Sarria Municipality, East Central Galicia (Spain) **Tamagani – Chaves, Portugal, Chaves (Portugal). **Tongobrigenses **Turodi / Turodi, Turodes – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). *

– Algarve, Cyneticum (today's

region) and Low

(Portugal); originally probably Tartessian language, Tartessians or similar, later celtized by the Celtici; according to some scholars, Cynetes and Conii were two different peoples or tribes
*Oestriminis, Oestrymni or Oestrimni or Oestriminis, Oestrymini - They lived in far-western Iberian Peninsula in coastal Atlantic regions (today's Galicia (Spain), Galicia and Portugal) before other Celtic peoples, their land was called Oestriminis, Oestryminis or Oestriminis (their existence is not well proven, semi legendary people). *Osismii (Iberian Peninsula) - people mentioned along with the Oestriminis, Oestrymni or may have been the same people. *Plentauri – Northwestern

(Spain). *Turduli –

valley (Portugal) and

(Spain); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turduli, Turduli Baetici / Turduli Baetures - Baeturia/Baeturia Turdulorum (ancient northern region of

Province), south and east of the river Guadiana, Anas (Guadiana) and northern slope of Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), Southern

region, Badajoz Province, Portugal Southeastern corner, East Beja District,

region. **Bardili (Turduli), Turduli Bardili – Setubal Peninsula (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turdulorum Oppida, Turduli Oppidani – Estremadura Province (historical), Estremadura and Beira Litoral Province, Beira Litoral (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turduli Veteres – Southern Douro banks, between Douro and Vouga River, Aveiro District, (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. *Turmodigi or Turmogi - Central

. *Vaccaei – North Central Iberian meseta (Spain), middle Duero (river), Duero river basin. A tribal confederation. Ptolemy mentions 20 vaccaean Civitates (that also had the meaning of tribes) **Cauci (Vaccaei) – in Coca, Segovia, Cauca (Coca, Segovia) **Other tribes (19 other tribes mentioned by Ptolemy) *Varduli – today's East Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see

), they were later assimilated by the

in the 6th and 7th centuries AD; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic

people as the Lusitani and

could have been. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic)

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts (
Celtiberians The Celtiberians were a group of Celts and Celticized peoples inhabiting an area in the central-northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the final centuries BCE. They were explicitly mentioned as being Celts by several classic authors (e.g. Strab ...
)

Eastern Iberian meseta (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers Douro,

(''Anas''), Júcar, Jalón (river), Jalón, Jiloca (river), Jiloca and Turia (river), Turia, (tribal confederation). Mixed

and Iberians, Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the

that lived in the Iberian Peninsula but to a narrower group (the majority of

tribes in the Iberian Peninsula) were not Celtiberians. They spoke Celtiberian (a

language of the

type, a more Conservative (language), conservative Celtic language). *Arevaci (Celtiberian Arevaci – Celtiberian tribe “Before or Close to the Vaccaei” – Are Vaci – Are Vaccaei) *Belli *Cratistii *Lobetani *Lusones – Western Zaragoza (province), Eastern Guadalajara (province), Guadalajara (Spain). *Mantesani / Mentesani / Mantasani – La Mancha Plateau, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain); they were a different people from the Oretani. *Olcades *Oretani? – northeastern

, northwest Region of Murcia, Múrcia and southern fringes of La Mancha, (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the

(ancient river ''Baetis''); Some consider them not Celti

(see Germani (Oretania)). *Pellendones / Cerindones, in high Duero river course (Numantia) and neighboring mountains, may also have been related to the Pelendi/Belendi that dwelt in the middle of the river Sigmatis, today's Leyre (river), Leyre. *Titii (Celtiberian) *Turboletae / Turboleti *Uraci / Duraci *Possible Celtiberian tribe **Belendi / Pelendi – Belin-Béliet, Belinum territory (Belin-Béliet), in the middle Sigmatis river (in today's Leyre (river), Leyre) river area, south of the

and the Boii Boiates; they may have been related to the Pellendones (a Celtiberians, Celtiberian tribe). Although they dwelt in

Proper, they seem to have been a

tribe and not a tribe of the

(a people that may have been the ancestor of the

Insular Celts

Insular Celts were the

peoples and tribes that inhabited the

(Great Britain), the main largest island to the east, and

(Ireland), the main smaller island to the west. There were three or four distinct Celtic populations in these islands, in

inhabited the

, the Caledonians or Picts, the Belgae (not surely known if they were a Celtic people or a distinct but closely related one); in

inhabited the Gaels, Hibernians or Gaels, Goidels or Gaels.

and Caledonians or Picts spoke the P-Celtic type languages, a more

language (*kʷ > p) while Gaels, Hibernians or Gaels, Goidels or Gaels spoke

type languages, a more

language. Classical Antiquity authors did not call the British islands peoples and tribes as Celts or Galli but by the name Britons (in Britannia). They only used the name Celts or Gauls for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

They spoke Common Brittonic, Brittonic (an Insular Celtic languages, Insular Celtic language of the

type). They lived in

, it was the name Romans gave, based on the name of the people: the Britons (Celtic people), Britanni. Some closely fit the concept of a

but others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *Ancalites (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; uncertain: speculatively Hampshire and Wiltshire) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Attacotti (origin uncertain) *Bibroci (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; location uncertain but possibly Berkshire) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Boresti (sometimes ''Horesti'') (In or near Fife, Scotland according to Tacitus) *Brigantes (an important tribe in most of Northern England and in the south-east corner of Ireland) *Cantiaci (in present-day Kent which preserves the ancient tribal name) *Carvetii (Cumberland) *Cassi (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; possibly south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Corieltauvi / Coritani (East Midlands including Leicester) *Corionototae (possibly a tribe, a subtribe of the Brigantes or a group of warriors) (Northumberland) *Cornovii (Midlands) *Damnonii (Southwestern Scotland) *Deceangli (Flintshire, Wales) *Demetae (Dyfed, Wales) *Dobunni (Cotswolds and Severn valley) *Dumnonii (Devon, Cornwall, Somerset) **Cornovii (Cornwall) (a sub-tribe of the Dumnonii) *Durotriges (Dorset, south Somerset, south Wiltshire, possibly the Isle of Wight *Gabrantovices * Gangani (Llŷn Peninsula, Wales) - A tribe of the same name, the Gangani (''Ganganoi''), lived in

's southwestern coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. A tribe of similar name, the Gongani or Concani, was a tribe of the

, they could have been another branch of the same tribe, related tribes with common ancestors or a different tribe that shared a similar name. *Iceni-Cenimagni (may have been the same tribe) **Cenimagni (Iceni, Iceni Magni?) (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; perhaps the same as the Iceni) **Iceni (East Anglia) – under Boudica, they rebelled against Roman rule *Novantae (Galloway and Carrick, Scotland, Carrick) *Ordovices (Gwynedd, Wales) – they waged guerrilla warfare from the north Wales hills * Parisi (East Riding of Yorkshire). A tribe of similar name, the Parisii (Gaul), Parisii, dwelt in

region, France. *Segontiaci (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; probably south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Selgovae (Dumfriesshire and the Kirkcudbrightshire, Stewartry of Kirkcudbright) *Setantii (possibly a tribe) (Lancashire) *Silures (south Wales) – resisted the Romans in present-day south Wales *Trinovantes / Trinobantes (Essex) – neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion *Votadini / Otadini (north-east England and south-east Scotland) – they later formed Gododdin

Picts / Caledonians

They were a different people from the Britons (Celtic people), Britons , but may have shared common ancestry. They lived as a tribal confederation in Caledonia (today's Northern Scotland); the Caledonian Forest (Caledonian Forest, Caledonia Silva) was in their land. *Caledonians / Caledones - a tribal confederation **Caledones Proper / Caledonii Proper (along the Great Glen) **Taexali/Taezali (Angus, Scotland, Angus and Grampian) **Vacomagi (in and around the Cairngorms) **Venicones (Fife and south-west Tayside in Scotland) *Carnonacae (western Scottish Highlands, Highlands) *Caereni, Carini or Caereni (far western Scottish Highlands, Highlands) *Cateni (north and west of Sutherland) – they gave the county its Gaelic name Cataibh *Cornovii (Caithness), Cornovii/Cornavii (far northern mainland Scotland) (northernmost known Celtic tribe) *Creones (Argyll) *Decantae or Decantae, Ducantae (eastern Ross, Scotland, Ross and Black Isle) *Epidii (Kintyre and neighboring islands) *Lugi (southern Sutherland) *Maeatae / Maetae (Maeatae, Miathi?) *Smertae (central Sutherland) *Tribe of unknown name in the Faroe Islands (may have been Picts) *Tribe of unknown name in the Orkney Islands (may have been Picts) *Tribe of unknown name in the Shetland Islands (may have been Picts)

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

They spoke Goidelic (an Insular Celtic languages, Insular Celtic language of the

type. According to Ptolemy's ''Geography (Ptolemy), Geography'' (2nd century AD) (in brackets the names are in Greek as on the map): *Uaithni, Autini (''Aouteinoi'' - ''Auteinoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Brigantes#Brigantes in Ireland, Brigantes (

? A tribe of the same name lived in northern Roman Britain, Britannia or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name) *Cauci (Καῦκοι, ''Kaukoi'' on the map) A tribe of the same name (Chauci) lived in Northern

or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name. *Coriondi (or ''Koriondoi'') A tribe of a similar name (Corionototae) lived in Northern

. *Darini (''Darinoi'') *Eblani (''Eblanioi'') *Erdini (''Erdinoi'') * Gangani (''Ganganoi'') (

? A tribe of the same name lived in western Roman Britain, Britannia (today's northwestern Wales) they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. *Iverni (''Iouernoi'' - ''Iwernoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Manapii (''Manapioi'') (Belgae? A tribe of similar name, the Menapii, lived in the coast of

province or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names) *Nagnatae or Magnatae (''Nagnatai'' or ''Magnatai'') *Robogdii (''Rhobogdioi'') *Usdiae (''Ousdiai'' - ''Usdiai'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Uterni (''Outernoi'' - ''Uternoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Velabri or Vellabori (''Ouellaboroi'' - ''Wellabrioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Vennicnii (''Ouenniknioi'' - ''Wenniknioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Volunti (''Ouolountioi'' - ''Woluntioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) – identifiable with the Ulaidh/Uluti *Later peoples **Scotti (western portion of Scotland, later they expanded for most part of the country) - a later people from late Classical antiquity and early Middle Ages, descendant from ancient North Ireland tribes (mostly from the Darini, Robogdii and Volunti / Uluti) that crossed the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel, they formed the kingdoms of Ulaid and Dál Riata.

Possible Para-Celts

Para-Celtic has the meaning that these peoples had common ancestors with the

but were not Celts themselves (although they were later

and belong to a Celtic culture sphere of influence), they were not direct descendants from the

. They may in fact have been Proto-Celto-Italic, predating the

or Italic languages, Italic languages and originated earlier from either Proto-Celts, Proto-Celtic or Proto-Italics, Proto-Italic populations who spread from

into Western Europe after new Yamnaya migrations into the Danube Valley.Indoeuropeos y no Indoeuropeos en la Hispania Prerromana, Salamanca: Universidad, 2000 Alternatively, a European branch of Indo-European dialects, termed "North-west Indo-European" and associated with the Beaker culture, may have been ancestral to not only

and Italic languages, Italic, but also to Germanic languages, Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic.

Belgae

A people or a group of related tribes that dwelt in

, parts of

, and may have dwelt in parts of

and also of Hispania) (large tribal confederation). According to classical authors works, like Caesar's

, they were a different people and spoke a different language (Ancient Ancient Belgian language, Belgic) from the

and Britons (Celtic people), Britons; they were clearly an Indo-European people and may have spoken a Celtic language. There is also the possibility that their language may have been a different language branch of Indo-European from the Nordwestblock culture, which may have been intermediary between Germanic languages, Germanic and

, and might have been affiliated to Italic languages, Italic (according to a Maurits Gysseling hypothesis). *Mainlander Belgae (in

) **Ambiani – Amiens ** Ambivareti **Atrebates (in

) – Arras **Bellovaci – Beauvais **Caletes, Caleti/Caletes – Harfleur (''Caracotinum''), later Lillebonne (''Juliobona'') **Catalauni / Catalauni, Gaul Catuvellauni – Châlons-en-Champagne **Catuslogi **

(mixed Belgae and Germani cisrhenani people) **Leuci – Toul (''Tullum Leucorum'') **Mediomatrici – Metz **Meldi – Marne (department), Marne (''Matrona'') – Meaux **Menapii – Cassel, France, Cassel. A tribe of similar name, the Manapii (''Manapioi''), lived in southeastern

(modern Ireland) coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. **Morini – Boulogne-sur-Mer **Nervii – Bavay, Belgae largest tribal confederation. ***Ceutrones (Belgae) ***Geidumni ***Grudii ***Levaci ***Nervii Proper ***Pleumoxii **Remi – Reims **Silvanectii – Senlis **Suessiones – Soissons (

may have been related, result of a migration towards south)Mountain, Harry. (1997). ''The Celtic Encyclopedia'' p.225 (v. 1) **Tencteri –

east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germanic peoples, Germani tribe. **Treveri – Trier **Usipetes –

east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germanic peoples, Germani tribe. **Veliocasses/Veliocasses, Velicasses/Veliocasses, Velocasses – Rouen **

– Noyon *Islander Belgae (in south and southeast Great Britain) **Atrebates (in

) – an important Belgic tribe of today's Southern England, in Berkshire. Related to or a branch of the Atrebates that lived in

. **Belgae (tribe) (in

) – Belgic tribe, in today's England's south coast, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, Wiltshire **Catuvellauni (

, today's Hertfordshire) – Belgic tribe, neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion. May have been related to the Catalauni. May have conquered and assimilated the Ancalites, Bibroci, Cassi, part of the Iceni (Cenimagni) and the Segontiaci, which were Britons (ancient), Brittonic or Britons (ancient), British tribes (Insular Celts). **Regni / Regnenses – Belgic tribe, in today's East Hampshire, Sussex and Surrey *Possible Belgae tribe **

- Far North Western Aragon and Far South Eastern Navarra (Spain), between the rivers Gallicus ( Gállego) and Low Aragón (river), Aragon, and between the river Ebro and Sierra de Santo Domingo mountains. Alba (Arba) river basin (a tributary of the Ebro) was in the centre of their territory that also included the Bardenas Reales. Corbio was their capital. They were north of the

, south of the Iacetani and the

, west of the Galli (tribe). They were later conquered by the

in the 2nd Century B.C. which were allies of the Ancient Rome, Romans. Could have been related to the Suessiones (a tribe of the Belgae).

Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...

Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling South-east France, French and North-west Italy, Italian coasts, including far Northern and Northwestern Tuscany and Corsica. Because of the strong

influences on their language and culture, they were known already in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians (in Greek , ''Keltolígues''). Very little is known about this language, Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Celtic or Para-Celtic; (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). They spoke ancient Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian. *Alpini / Montani *Apuani – Eastern Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. *Bagienni (or Vagienni) – (in the area of Bene Vagienna) *Bimbelli *Briniates (or Boactes) – (in the area of Brugnato) *Celelates *Cerdiciates *Commoni * Cosmonates *Deciates – (a tribe that dwelt in the region of Antibes, Antipolis (Antibes) west of the river Var (river), Varus (Var), in modern

) *Epanterii * Euburiates *Friniates – (in the area now called Pavullo nel Frignano, Frignano) *Garuli – (in the area of Cenisola) *Genuates – (in the area of Genoa, Genua - Genoa) *Hercates *Ilvates (or Iluates) – (if different from the Iriates) (on the island of Elba) *Iriates / Ilvates / Mainland Ilvates (Iluates?) *Ingauni – Western Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains and Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. *Intemelii - Western Liguria from the Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, west of the Ingauni, in the Ventimiglia, Albium Intemelium area (today's Ventimiglia). *Laevi – a Ligurian tribe that dwelt in the low river Ticino river, Ticinus (Ticino), according to both Livy & Pliny. According to Livy (v. 34), they took part in the expedition of Bellovesus into Italy in the 6th century BC *Langates *Lapicini (or Lapicinii) – In the extreme northern regions of Liguria, as it was defined in Roman times, on a tributary of the Magra * Libici / Libui – Between the rivers Duria Bautica/Dora Baltea, Duria Maior (Dora Baltea) and Sesia, Sesites/Sessites (Sesia). *Magelli *Marici (Ligures), Marici – (near the confluence of the rivers Orba (torrente), Orba, Bormida River, Bormida and Tanaro) *Olivari *Oxybii - a Ligurian tribe that dwelt on the Mediterranean coast between Marseille, Massalia (Marseille) and Antipolis. *Sabates *

(or Cottii) – Western

on Cottian Alps (Susa (Italy), Susa) *Statielli / Statiellates – on the road from Vada Sabatia, near Savona to Tortona, Dertona (Tortona) and Piacenza, Placentia * Sueltri / Suelteri *Tigulli – from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, west of the Apuani. * Tricastini *Vediantii *Veiturii *Veleiates / Veliates *Veneni *Possible Ligurian tribes **Corsi people, Corsi ***Belatones (Belatoni) ***Cervini ***Cilebenses (Cilibensi) ***Corsi people, Corsi Proper ***Cumanenses (Cumanesi) ***Lestricones / Lestrigones (Lestriconi / Lestrigoni) ***Licinini ***Longonenses (Longonensi) ***Macrini ***Opini ***Subasani ***Sumbri ***Tarabeni ***Tibulati ***Titiani ***Venacini

Lusitanians-
Vettones The Vettones (Greek: ''Ouettones'') were a pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula of possibly Celtic ethnicity. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly western Hispano-Celtic features. Reissued i ...

*Lusitanians (Lusitanians, Lusitani/Lusitanians, Bellitani) – Portugal south of the Douro and north of the

, and northwestern

( Spain). They spoke Lusitanian language, Lusitanian, a now extinct language which was clearly

but the kinship of it as a

language is not surely proven (although many tribal names and place names, toponyms, are Celtic). Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an Italic languages, Italic origin or some kinship to the Nordwestblock culture language (Ancient Belgian language, Ancient Belgian). Hence Lusitanian language may have been a Para-Celtic

branch, like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre-Celtic

speaking culture of the Iberian Peninsula closely related to the neighbouring

tribal confederation. However, under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia, John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para-Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic Proto-Celtic language and were Proto-Celtic in ethnicity. **Arabrigenses **Aravi **Coelarni/Colarni **Interamnienses ** Lancienses ***Lancienses Oppidani ***Lancienses Transcudani ***Ocelenses Lancienses **Meidubrigenses **Paesuri – Douro and Sever do Vouga, Vouga (Portugal). **Palanti (Lusitanian tribes), Palanti **Talures **Tangi (group of tribes), Tangi ***Elbocori ***Igaeditani ***Tapoli, Tapori/Tapoli – river

, around the border area of Portugal and Spain. **Veaminicori **Other Lusitanian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not

) ***Calontienses ***Caluri ***Coerenses *

– Ávila, Spain, Ávila and Salamanca (Spain), may have been a Pre-Celtic

people, closely related to the Lusitani. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A tribal confederation. **Bletonesii – Ledesma, Salamanca, Bletisama (today's Ledesma, Salamanca, Ledesma) was their main centre, Salamanca Province, Spain. **Other Vettonian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not

) ***Calontienses ***Caluri ***Coerenses

Turdetanians

Today's Western

(Hispania Baetica), Baetis (

) river valley and basin, Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), some consider them Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic

people as the Lusitani and

. If their language, called Tartessian language, Turdetanian or Tartessian language, Tartessian, was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). Also may have been a non-Indo-European people related to the Iberians, but not the same people. A tribal confederation but with much more centralized power, may have formed an early form of Monarchy, Kingdom or a Proto-civilisation (see Tartessos) *Cilbiceni – approximately in today's Cádiz Province *Elbisini / Eloesti / Olbisini – in today's Huelva Province *Etmanei – in the middle area of ''Baetis'' (

) river course and surrounding region, approximately in today's Córdoba Province, Spain, Córdoba Province *Gletes / Galetes / Ileates – in Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), approximately in today's northern areas of the provinces of Huelva Province, Huelva, Seville Province, Seville and Córdoba Province, Spain, Córdoba *Turdetani / Tartessii Proper – in the low course of the river ''

'' (which they called ''Guadalquivir, Rherkēs'' or ''Guadalquivir, Kertis'') (

) and surrounding region, approximately in today's Seville Province

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Transitional people between

and

Italic people? Para-Celtic people? *Catali *Catari *Histri *Liburnians **Caulici **Enchealae **Hymanes **Hythmitae **Ismeni **Lopsi **Mentores **Peucetiae **Syopii *Secusses *Subocrini *Adriatic Veneti, Veneti Proper *Venetulani

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

*Osi (ancient tribe), Osi/Osii – areas of modern Slovakia

Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

*Germani Cisrhenani / Tungri (etymologies of the tribes names were

; Belgae, Belgic people? Chiefs anthroponyms were also

)

influenced by Germanic peoples, Germanics or the opposite? The name ''Germani'' for ancient authors such as

did not always had an accurate ethnic or linguistic meaning, they were not necessarily Germanics. (a collective name for 7 tribes) **Aduatuci / Atuatuci **Ambivaretes / Ambivareti **Caemani / Paemani **Caeraesi / Caeroesi / Caerosi **Condrusi **

(later Toxandri / Texuandri?) **Segni *Lugii – north and northeast of the Boii and Volcae, areas of modern far southwestern and far southern Poland; also may have been a Germanic tribe. *Tencteri? (name etymology is Celtic) *Usipetes?

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language Celtic music Celtic nations Sports Foo ...
-Germanic peoples, Germanic-Iranian peoples, Iranian

, a Celt, Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic people, and according to

"the bravest nation on earth". Possibly originating in Galicia (Eastern Europe) from the interaction between

, Germanic peoples, Germanics and Sarmatians, Sarmatian Iranian peoples. **Peucini

Celto-Illyrians?

*Iapydes / Iapodes / Japodes **Posenoi, a community of the Iapodes

Iberians, Ibero- Celto-
Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...

*Elisyces / Elisyces, Helisyces - a tribe that dwelt in the region of Narbo (

) and modern northern Roussillon. May have been either Iberians, Iberian or Ligurians, Ligurian or a Celto- Ligurian-Iberians, Iberian tribe.

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

They lived in Central

, eastern parts of present-day Switzerland, the Tyrol (state), Tyrol in Austria, and the Alpine regions of northern Italy. They spoke the Rhaetian language. There is evidence that the non-Celtic (and Pre-Indo-European Europe, Pre-Indo-European) elements (see Tyrsenian languages) had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech. In addition, the abundance of Celtic toponyms and the complete absence of Etruscan place names in the Rhaetian territory leads to the conclusion that, by the time of Roman conquest, the Rhaetians were completely Celticized. *Benlauni - Upper valley of fl. Inn, Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, along with the Breuni (may have been older dwellers than the Breuni), not the same as the Breuni, Innsbruck, Pons Aeni (modern Wasserburg am Inn, Wasserburg) was their main centre. *Breuni / Brenni/Breones - Upper valley of fl. Inn, Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, and Val Bregna and around Brenner Mountain; also may have been an Illyrian tribes, Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian one. *Brixenetes / Brixentes / Brixantae - Upper valley of fl. Adige, Athesis (r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy, around Bressanone/Brixen. *Calucones / Culicones - Calanda (mountain), Calanda (upper valley of fl. Rhenus - r. Rhine) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland and Valtellina, Colico. *Camunni / Camuni - Val Camonica (river Oglio) in today's Brescia Province (Lombardia, Italy); also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian tribe. *Camunni – in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps. A celticized Rhaetian people, Rhaetic tribe. Some consider them to be Celtic. *Consuanetae / Cosuanetes/Cotuantii? - Upper and middle valley of fl.

us (r. Isar) (

) in today's

, Germany; also may have been a tribe of the

(a tribal confederacy), named Cotuantii (if they are the same). *Focunates - Upper valley of fl. Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, neighbours to Genaunes and Breuni. *Genaunes / Genauni - Upper valleys of the fl. Aenus (r. Inn) and the Adige, Athesis (Adige) in today's Tyrol (state), Tirol (North Tirol and South Tirol); also may have been an Illyrian tribes, Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian one; east of the Lepontii. *Isarci - Valley of fl. Eisack, Isarcus (r. Isarco) in today's South Tirol, Italy. *Medoaci - close to the Brenta (river), Meduacum (Brenta) source, Borgo Valsugana, Ausugum (Borgo Valsugana) was their main town. *Mesiales - south of the Lepontii. *Naunes - in Val di Non, Trento Province. *Querquani - in Quero, Veneto, Quero area (today's Belluno Province, Veneto region, Veneto Region). * Rucinates / Rucantii? - Between rivers

us (

) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria; also may have been a tribe of the

(a tribal confederation). *Rugusci / Ruigusci/Rucantii? Upper Engadin (fl. Aenus - r. Inn) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland. *Suanetes / Suanitae / Sarunetes - Upper Rhenus (Upper Rhine) and Valley of r. Albula (river), Albula in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland. *Tridentini - in the middle Adige, Athesis (Adige) river basin. *Trumpilini / Trumplini - Val Trompia in today's Brescia Province, Italy; also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian tribe. *

/ Vennonienses - Upper valley of fl. Rhenus (r. Rhine) in today's canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland; also may not have been a Rhaetian tribe but instead a tribe of the

(a tribal confederation). *Venostes - Vinschgau (It. Val Venosta) (fl. Adige, Athesis - r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy.

Notes

References

* Alberro, Manuel and Arnold, Bettina (eds.),
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
', University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Center for Celtic Studies, 2005. * Haywood, John. (2001). ''Atlas of the Celtic World''. London: Thames & Hudson. * Kruta, Venceslas. (2000). ''Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire''. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins ». . * Mallory, J.P. and Douglas Q. Adams (1997).

Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into article ...

. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. .

External links

* https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/ - electronic Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html – 51 complete works of authors from Classical Antiquity (Greek and Roman). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Gallic_War/home.html – Julius Caesar text of

(Gallic War). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Spanish_War/home.html – Unknown author text (about Julius Caesar in Hispania) of De Bello Hispaniensi (Spanish War). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html – Pliny the Elder text of Naturalis Historia (Natural History) – books 3–6 (Geography and Ethnography). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html – Strabo's text of De Geographica (The Geography). {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Celtic Tribes Historical Celtic peoples, Lists of ancient people, Celtic Lists of ancient Indo-European peoples and tribes

Ancestors

Continental Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Galatians

Cisalpine Gauls

Lepontine Celts

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts (Celtiberians The Celtiberians were a group of Celts and Celticized peoples inhabiting an area in the central-northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the final centuries BCE. They were explicitly mentioned as being Celts by several classic authors (e.g. Strab ...)

Insular Celts

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

Picts / Caledonians

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

Possible Para-Celts

Belgae

Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...

Lusitanians-Vettones The Vettones (Greek: ''Ouettones'') were a pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula of possibly Celtic ethnicity. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly western Hispano-Celtic features. Reissued i ...

Turdetanians

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celto-Illyrians?

Iberians, Ibero- Celto-Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Hispano-Celts /
Celts of Hispania The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Lusitanians-
Vettones The Vettones (Greek: ''Ouettones'') were a pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula of possibly Celtic ethnicity. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly western Hispano-Celtic features. Reissued i ...

Iberians, Ibero- Celto-
Ligurians The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian reg ...