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Redones
The Redones or Riedones (Gaulish: ''Rēdones'', later ''Riedones'', 'chariot- or horse-drivers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Armorican peninsula (modern Brittany), around their chief town Condate (modern Rennes), during the Iron age and the Roman period. They subjugated to the Roman forces of Publius Licinius Crassus (son of the triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus) in 57 BC, but provided men to the Gallic coalition led by Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia in 52. Name They are mentioned as ''R dones'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Rhedones'' (var. ''r edones'', ''s idones'') by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Rhiḗdones'' (‛Ριήδονες; var. ‛Ρηήδονες), ''Rhḗdones'' (Ῥήδονες) and ''Rhēḯdones'' (Ῥηΐδονες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Redonas'' in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (5th c. AD)., s.v. ''Riedones,'' ''Condate Redonum'' and ''Civitas Riedonum''. Their chief town is also attested on inscriptions as ''civ]itas Rie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duchy of Brittany, duchy before being Union of Brittany and France, united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a provinces of France, province governed as a separate nation under the crown. Brittany has also been referred to as Little Britain (as opposed to Great Britain, with which it shares an etymology). It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, Normandy to the northeast, eastern Pays de la Loire to the southeast, the Bay of Biscay to the south, and the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its land area is 34,023 km2 . Brittany is the site of some of the world's oldest standing architecture, ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Licinius Crassus (son Of Triumvir)
Publius Licinius Crassus (86 or 82 BC – 53 BC) was one of two sons of Marcus Licinius Crassus, the so-called "triumvir", and Tertulla, daughter of Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus., p.831 He belonged to the last generation of Roman ''nobiles'' who came of age and began a political career before the collapse of the Republic. His peers included Marcus Antonius, Marcus Junius Brutus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, the poet Gaius Valerius Catullus, and the historian Gaius Sallustius Crispus. Publius Crassus served under Julius Caesar in Gaul from 58 to 56 BC. Too young to receive a formal commission from the senate, Publius distinguished himself as a commanding officer in campaigns among the Armorican nations (Brittany) and in Aquitania. He was highly regarded by Caesar and also by Cicero, who praised his speaking ability and good character. Upon his return to Rome, Publius married Cornelia Metella, the intellectually gifted daughter of Metellus Scipio, and began his active politic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namnetes
The Namnetes were a Gallic tribe dwelling near the modern city of Nantes during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Namnitō͂n'' (Ναμνιτῶν) by Polybius (2nd c. BC) and Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Namnetes'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC) and Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Namnē͂tai'' (Ναμνῆται) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). The etymology of the ethnonym ''Namnetes'' remains uncertain. Xavier Delamarre has tentatively proposed to interpret the name as 'those of the river', by deriving it from the Proto-Indo-European root *''nem-'' ('curved, bend'), which also gave the Gaulish stem ''nantu''- ('valley, stream'). The element ''namn''- in ''Namnetes'' has also been compared to river names such as the '' Namn-asa'' in northern Spain and the ''Nemun-as'' in Lithuania. According to Blanca María Prósper, however, "Namnetes is a ''locus desperatus'' of Celtic etymology, and to judge from its overall look it probably contains a negative particle. Ethn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coriosolites
The Coriosolites or Curiosolitae were a Gallic people dwelling on the northern coast of present-day Brittany during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Coriosolitas'' (var. ''coriosolitos'', ''curiosolitas'', ''curiosolitas'') and ''Coriosolites'' (var. ''coriosultes'', ''coricoriosuelites'', ''cariosu''-) by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), and as ''Coriosvelites'' by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia,'' 4:18., s.v. ''Coriosolites''. The etymology of the ethnonym ''Coriosolites'' remains uncertain. The first element is certainly the Gaulish root ''corio-'' ('army, troop'), derived from Proto-Indo-European *''kóryos'' ('army, people under arms'). However, the meaning of the second element is unclear. Pierre-Yves Lambert has proposed to interpret ''corio-solit-es'' as 'those who purchase (or sell) mercenaries', by positing a Gaulish root ''solitu-'' ('purchase/salary of mercenaries'; cf. Gaul. ''soldurio-'' < 'body-guard, loyal, devoted', [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauls
The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They spoke Gaulish, a continental Celtic language. The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BC as bearers of La Tène culture north and west of the Alps. By the 4th century BC, they were spread over much of what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, Southern Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic, by virtue of controlling the trade routes along the river systems of the Rhône, Seine, Rhine, and Danube. They reached the peak of their power in the 3rd century BC. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, the Gauls expanded into Northern Italy ( Cisalpine Gaul), leading to the Roman–Gallic wars, and into the Balkans, leading to war with the Greeks. These latter Gauls eventually settled in Anatolia, becoming known as Galatians. After the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armorica
Armorica or Aremorica (Gaulish: ; br, Arvorig, ) is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast. Name The name ''Armorica'' is a Latinized form of the Gaulish toponym , which literally means 'place in front of the sea'. It is formed with the prefix ''are''- ('in front of') attached to -''mori''- ('sea') and the feminine suffix ''-(i)cā'', denoting the localization (or provenance). The inhabitants of the region were called ''Aremorici'' (sing. ''Aremoricos''), formed with the stem ''are-mori''- extended by the determinative suffix -''cos''. It is glossed by the Latin ''antemarini'' in Endlicher's Glossary. The Slavs use a similar formation, ''Po-mor-jane'' ('those in front of the sea'), to designate the inhabitants of Pomerania. The Latin adjective ''Armoricani'' was an administrative term designating in particular a sector of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphthong
A diphthong ( ; , ), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: that is, the tongue (and/or other parts of the speech organ, speech apparatus) moves during the pronunciation of the vowel. In most International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects, varieties of English language, English, the phrase "no highway cowboy" () has five distinct diphthongs, one in every syllable. Diphthongs contrast with monophthongs, where the tongue or other speech organs do not move and the syllable contains only a single vowel sound. For instance, in English, the word ''ah'' is spoken as a monophthong (), while the word ''ow'' is spoken as a diphthong in most varieties (). Where two adjacent vowel sounds occur in different syllables (e.g. in the English word ''re-elect'') the result is described as hiatus (linguistics), hiatus, not as a diphthong. (The English word ''h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre-Yves Lambert
Pierre-Yves Lambert (born 30 May 1949) is a French linguist and scholar of Celtic studies. He is a researcher at the CNRS and a lecturer at the École Pratique des Hautes Études in Celtic linguistics and philology. Lambert is the director of the journal ''Études Celtiques''. Lambert specializes in the history of the Celtic languages and the study of Celtic literature, in particular the Old Irish, Old Breton, Middle Welsh and Gaulish languages. He is the author of an influential book on the Gaulish language entitled ''La langue gauloise'' (1994). Along with Xavier Delamarre, Lambert is also the co-administrator of ''Thesaurus Paleo-Celticus'', a CNRS project launched in 2019 and aiming to update and replace Alfred Holder's ''Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz'' (1913). Biography Born on 30 May 1949, Pierre-Yves Lambert graduated from the École Normale Supérieure in 1969. He collaborated on the ''Recueil des Inscriptions Gauloises''. (2002). He received the Derek Allen Prize in 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civitas
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term (; plural ), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the , or citizens, united by law (). It is the law that binds them together, giving them responsibilities () on the one hand and rights of citizenship on the other. The agreement () has a life of its own, creating a or "public entity" (synonymous with ), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The is not just the collective body of all the citizens, it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a . is an abstract formed from . Claude Nicolet traces the first word and concept for the citizen at Rome to the first known instance resulting from the synoecism of Romans and Sabines presented in the legends of the Roman Kingdom. According to Livy, the two peoples participated in a ceremony of union after which they were named Quirites after the Sabine town of Cures. The two groups bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mont-Saint-Michel Bay
The Mont-Saint-Michel Bay (french: baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, br, Bae Menez-Mikael) is located between Brittany (to the south west) and the Normandy peninsula of Cotentin (to the south and east). The bay was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1979 for its aesthetic quality and its importance to the Christian tradition. Due to the significant tidal movements in this region (over 10 meters) a large part of the bay is uncovered at low tide. There are two granitic islands in the bay: Tombelaine and the Mont-Saint-Michel. Many birds and harbor seals live in this area. General considerations Mont-Saint-Michel Bay is about in size. Adjacent towns and villages The following towns and villages surround the bay, from north to south: * In Normandy : Carolles, Champeaux, Saint-Jean-le-Thomas, Dragey-Ronthon, Genêts, Vains, Marcey-les-Grèves, Avranches, Le Val-Saint-Père, Céaux, Courtils, Huisnes-sur-Mer, Pontorson, Le Mont-Saint-Michel, Beauvoir. * In Brittany : Saint-G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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