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Adunicates
The Adunicates were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Durance valley during the Roman era. Name They are mentioned as ''Adunicates'' by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:35. The etymology of the name is unclear. If Celtic, it may be interpreted as a haplology (loss of syllable) of Gaulish *''Andedunicates'', based on the intensifying prefix ''ande''-. In this view, it could be compared to the personal names ''Andedunis'' and ''Atedunus'' ('big fort'). Geography The Adunicates lived in the upper Durance valley. They are mentioned as living near the Suetrii and the Quariates, north of the Oxybii and Ligauni The Ligauni were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling near the Mediterranean coast during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ligaunorumque'' by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:35., s.v. ''Ligauni''. .... References Primary sources * Bibliography * * * Historical Celtic peoples ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauls
The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They spoke Gaulish, a continental Celtic language. The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BC as bearers of La Tène culture north and west of the Alps. By the 4th century BC, they were spread over much of what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, Southern Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic, by virtue of controlling the trade routes along the river systems of the Rhône, Seine, Rhine, and Danube. They reached the peak of their power in the 3rd century BC. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, the Gauls expanded into Northern Italy ( Cisalpine Gaul), leading to the Roman–Gallic wars, and into the Balkans, leading to war with the Greeks. These latter Gauls eventually settled in Anatolia, becoming known as Galatians. After the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durance
The Durance (; ''Durença'' in the Occitan classical norm or ''Durènço'' in the Mistralian norm) is a major river in Southeastern France. A left tributary of the Rhône, it is long. Its drainage basin is .Bassin versant : Durance (La) Observatoire Régional Eau et Milieux Aquatiques en PACA Its source is in the southwestern part of the , in the ski resort near ; it flows southwest through the following [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Era
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), Roman Republic (509–27 BC) and Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD) until the fall of the western empire. Ancient Rome began as an Italic settlement, traditionally dated to 753 BC, beside the River Tiber in the Italian Peninsula. The settlement grew into the city and polity of Rome, and came to control its neighbours through a combination of treaties and military strength. It eventually dominated the Italian Peninsula, assimilated the Greek culture of southern Italy (Magna Grecia) and the Etruscan culture and acquired an Empire that took in much of Europe and the lands and peoples surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. It was among the largest empires in the ancient world, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants, roughly 20% of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pliny The Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ''Naturalis Historia'' (''Natural History''), which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field. His nephew, Pliny the Younger, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus: Among Pliny's greatest works was the twenty-volume work ''Bella Germaniae'' ("The History of the German Wars"), which is no longer extant. ''Bella Germaniae'', which began where Aufidius Bassus' ''Libri Belli Germanici'' ("The War with the Germans") left off, was used as a source by other prominent Roman historians, including Plutarch, Tacitus and Suetonius. Tacitus—who many scholars agree had never travelled in Germania—used ''Bella Germani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplology
Haplology (from Ancient Greek, Greek "simple" and , "speech") is, in spoken language, the elision (elimination or deletion) of an entire syllable through dissimilation (a differentiating shift that affects two neighboring similar sounds). The phenomenon was identified by American philologist Maurice Bloomfield in the 20th century. Linguists sometimes jokingly refer to the phenomenon as "haplogy". As a general rule, haplology occurs in English adverbs of adjectives ending in "le", for example ''gentlely'' → ''gently''; ''ablely'' → ''ably''. Examples * Basque: → ('apple cider') * German: → (female 'wizard' or 'magician'; male: der Zauberer; female ending -in) * Dutch: → ('narcissism') * French: → ('femininity') * English: ** Old English → ''Engle lond'' → ''England'' ** ''morphophonology'' → ''morphonology'' ** ''mono nomial'' → ''monomial'' ** ''urine analysis'' → ''urinalysis'' ** Colloquial (non-standard and eye dialect spellings signalled by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaulish
Gaulish was an ancient Celtic languages, Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine). In a wider sense, it also comprises varieties of Celtic that were spoken across much of central Europe ("Noric language, Noric"), parts of the Balkans, and Anatolia ("Galatian language, Galatian"), which are thought to have been closely related. The more divergent Lepontic language, Lepontic of Northern Italy has also sometimes been subsumed under Gaulish. Together with Lepontic and the Celtiberian language, Celtiberian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, Gaulish helps form the geographic group of Continental Celtic languages. The precise linguistic relationships among them, as well as between them and the modern Insular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suetrii
The Suetrii (Gaulish: *''Su(p)etrioi'', 'the good birds') or Suetri were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Castellane (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Suebri'' (var. ''suberi'', ''uebri'') and ''Svetri'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), as ''Souētrōn'' (Σουητρ...ων; var. Σουιντρ...ων, Σουκτρ...ων) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Suetrio'' on an inscription., s.v. ''Suetrii''. The ethnonym ''Suetrii'' can be explained as the Gaulish *''su-(p)etri-'', meaning 'good birds' (cf. Lat. ''accipiter''). Geography Territory The Suetrii dwelled in the middle valley of the Verdon river, with an extension in the valley of the . Their territory was located south of the Vergunni and Sentii, west of the Nerusii, and north of the Ligauni. On the west, they were separated from the Sentii and the Reii by the Verdon Gorge., Map 16: Col. Forum Iulii-Albingaunum. Settlements Their chief town, Salinae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quariates
The Quariates or Quadiates were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the valley of Queyras, in the Alps, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Quariates'' (var. ''quadr''-) by Pliny (1st c. AD),Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:35. and as ''Quadiatium'' and ''Quariat(ium?)'' on inscriptions., s.v. ''Quariates''. The etymology of the name is obscure. Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc'h and Xavier Delamarre proposed to derive it from Celtic *''kwario''- ('cauldron'), with sporadic preservation of the initial ''kw'' , attached to the suffix -''ati-'' ('belonging to'). Alexander Falileyev notes that the q-Celtic reflex remains problematic in this scenario. The region of Queyras, whose castle is attested as ''Quadratum'' in the 12th century, may be named after the Gallic tribe. Geography The Quariates dwelled in the valley of Queyras, in the Alps. Their territory was located south of the Brigianii, east of the Segovii, and north of the Caturiges and Veneni., Map 17: Lugdunum. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxybii
The Oxybii or Oxubii (Ancient Greek: ) were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling on the Mediterranean coast during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Oxubíōn'' (Ὀξυβίων) by Polybius (2nd c. BC) and Strabo (early 1st c. AD), and as ''Oxubi'' by Pliny (1st c. AD). Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel has proposed to interpret the ethnic name ''Oxubii'' as 'the inhabitants of a high place' or else as 'the ox-slayers', from the Celtic stem ''oxso''- ('ox') or ''uxso''- ('high'). According to her, such linguistically Celtic tribal names suggest that a Celto-Ligurian dialect played an important role among the languages spoken in ancient Ligury. Geography The Oxybii dwelled on the Mediterranean coast. Their territory was located east of the Suelteri and Verucini, and either east of the Deciates (near the Vediantii) or west of them (near the river Argens in the Massif de l'Esterel)., Map 16: Col. Forum Iulii-Albingaunum. The exact location of the sea- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligauni
The Ligauni were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling near the Mediterranean coast during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ligaunorumque'' by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia'', 3:35., s.v. ''Ligauni''. A ''(colonia) in Liga'' in also attested in the Early Middle Ages (814 AD). The ethnic name ''Ligauni'' is probably Celtic, stemming from an earlier *''Ligamnī''. It has been derived from the root ''līg''- ('to strike'), with ''Ligauni'' as 'the beating ones', or from ''liga''- ('mud, sediment, silt'). According to Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel, such linguistically Celtic tribal names suggest that a Celto-Ligurian dialect played an important role among the languages spoken in ancient Ligury. Geography Their territory was located east of the Deciates, west of the Verucini, south of the Suetrii, and north of the Oxybii., Map 16: Col. Forum Iulii-Albingaunum. According to historian Guy Barruol Guy Barruol (born 10 June 1934) is a Frenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Celtic Peoples
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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