The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and

Jean-Pierre Rocroi Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a French malacologist, a scientist, a zoologist who studies mollusks. He works at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In 2005, he was the junior author (editor) (with Philippe Bouchet) of a new taxonomy of th ...

is a system for the scientific

classification Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes. It may also refer to: Business, organizat ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusks. (Gastropods are a

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

class of animals which consists of snails and

slug Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a smal ...

s of every kind, from the land, from

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...

, and from saltwater.) The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in the journal '' Malacologia''. The system encompasses both living and extinct groups, as well as some fossils whose classification as gastropods is uncertain. The Bouchet & Rocroi system was the first complete gastropod taxonomy that primarily employed the concept of clades, and was derived from research on molecular phylogenetics; in this context a clade is a "natural grouping" of organisms based upon a statistical

cluster analysis Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). It is a main task of ...

. In contrast, most of the previous overall taxonomic schemes for gastropods relied on morphological features to classify these animals, and used taxon ranks such as

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

, superorder and suborder, which are typical of classifications that are still inspired by Linnaean taxonomy. In the Bouchet & Rocroi taxonomy, clades are used between the rank of class and the rank of

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

. The clades are unranked. Bouchet and Rocroi use six main clades: Patellogastropoda, Vetigastropoda,

Cocculiniformia The Cocculinoidea is a superfamily of deepwater limpets (marine gastropods), the only superfamily in the order Cocculinida , one of the main orders of gastropods according to the taxonomy as set up by ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The clade Coccil ...

, Neritimorpha,

Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. The clade is the most diverse and ecologically successfu ...

, and Heterobranchia. The first three of these major clades have no nesting clades within them: the taxonomy goes immediately to the superfamily level. Within the Caenogastropoda there is one extra clade. In contrast, within the Heterobranchia, for some of the nudibranch groups there are six separate clades above the level of superfamily, and in the case of most of the

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

s, there are four clades above the level of superfamily. In some parts of the taxonomy, instead of "clade", Bouchet and Rocroi labelled groupings of taxa as a "group" or an "informal group". A clade must by definition contain only one lineage, and it was considered to be the case that these "informal groups" may either contain more than one lineage, or only contain part of a lineage. Further research will eventually resolve these questions. Since the publication of this taxonomic system in 2005, various proposals for changes have been published by other authors, for more information see changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005. In 2017 this taxonomy was superseded by a revised taxonomy "Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families" by Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong in Malacologia, 2017, 61(1–2): 1–526. The authors have reverted to adopting the traditional ranks above superfamily: order, subclass, as this was preferred by many users.

Context

Systems of classification such as this one are primarily of value to malacologists (people who study mollusks) and other

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually specialize in ...

s. Biological classification schemes are not merely a convenience, they are an attempt to show the actual phylogeny (the evolutionary relatedness) within a group of organisms. Thus, a taxonomy such as this one can be seen as an attempt to elucidate part of the tree of life, a

phylogenetic tree A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

. The Bouchet & Rocroi 2005 system of gastropod taxonomy was laid out in a book-length paper entitled "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families", which was published in the journal '' Malacologia'' and which was written in collaboration with J. Frýda, B. Hausdorf, W. Ponder, Á. Valdés and A. Warén. This system supersedes the system of Ponder and Lindberg from 1997. Subsequent revisions by other authors have been made since the publication of this paper. The taxonomy set out by Bouchet & Rocroi is an attempt to get one step closer to representing this part of the evolutionary history of the phylum Mollusca. Bouchet & Rocroi's classification system is a hybrid of the pre-existing, more traditional Linnaean taxonomy along with some more recent far-reaching revisions which are based on molecular work and use clades as taxa, (see cladistics). In the past, the taxonomy of gastropods was largely based on the morphological characters of the taxa, such as the shell characteristics (including the

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

) in shelled species, and the internal anatomy, including the structure of the

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

and details of the reproductive system. Recent advances are based more on the

molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and bioche ...

characteristics of the DNA and

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...

. This shift in emphasis has meant that the newer taxa and their hierarchy are subject to debate, a debate that is not likely to be resolved soon. This proposed classification has tried to integrate the results of recent molecular work by using unranked

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

s for taxa below the traditional rank of class (class Gastropoda) but above the rank of

(replacing the ranks subclass, superorder, order, and suborder), while still using the traditional Linnaean ranks for superfamilies and all taxa below the rank of superfamily (i.e., family, subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus, and species. The clades have been given names which are similar to, or in some cases the same as, traditional Linnaean names for taxa above the level of superfamily. Whenever monophyly (a single ancestry) has not yet been tested and confirmed, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has already been discovered to be

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

(that it excludes some of its descendants) the term "group" or "informal group" has been used. Both Linnaean taxa and clades are invalid if it turns out they are polyphyletic, in other words if they consist of more than one lineage. In this taxonomy 611 valid families are recognized. Of these, 202 families are exclusively fossil, and this is indicated here with a dagger †. Superfamily names are standardized so that they all end in the suffix "-oidea", also commonly used for superorders and subclasses, replacing the "-acea" ending found especially in the older literature. Classification of families into subfamilies however is often not well resolved, and should be regarded as the best possible hypothesis. The publication Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) also includes a nomenclator of about 2400 suprageneric taxa (taxa above the level of genus) of gastropods, from the subtribe to the superfamily. A full bibliographic reference is provided for each taxon, giving the name of the authority, the original publication, the date of that publication, the type genus for the taxon, its nomenclatural status, and its validity under the rules of the

ICZN The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the I ...

. Since the publication of this taxonomic system in 2005, various changes have been published by other authors, for more information see changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005.

Main clades, groups and informal groups

Here the information is displayed in the form of a cladogram (an evolutionary tree of descent.) It is worth bearing in mind however that this taxonomy is provisional: many of the taxa are still only known as "groups" or "informal groups", and these are very likely to be changed as more information becomes available. This cladogram is based on the following information. The list format used below makes clear which taxa are informal groups rather than clades: * Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position * Clade Patellogastropoda * Clade Vetigastropoda * Clade

* Clade Neritimorpha **Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain systematic position **Clade †

Cyrtoneritimorpha Cyrtoneritimorpha, also Cyrtoneritida, is a clade of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Neritimorpha Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked major clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping ...

**Clade

Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cycloneritida. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/ap ...

* Clade

**Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position **Informal group

Architaenioglossa Architaenioglossa is a taxonomic group of snails which have gills and often an operculum. They are primarily land and freshwater gastropod mollusks within the clade Caenogastropoda. This " informal group" has been shown to be polyphyletic in a s ...

**Clade

Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda. The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997. Taxonomy 1997 taxo ...

**Clade

Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade containing marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Hypsogastropoda. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=t ...

***Clade Littorinimorpha ***Informal group Ptenoglossa ***Clade

Neogastropoda Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Description The available fossil record of Neogastropoda is relatively complete, and supports a widely accepted evolutionary scenario of an Early Creta ...

*Clade Heterobranchia **Informal group Lower Heterobranchia **Informal group

Opisthobranchia Opisthobranchs () is now an informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping. Euopisth ...

***Clade Cephalaspidea ***Clade Thecosomata ***Clade Gymnosomata ***Clade Aplysiomorpha ***Group Acochlidiacea ***Clade Sacoglossa ***Group

Cylindrobullida ''Cylindrobulla'' is a genus of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. ''Cylindrobulla'' is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it is the only genus in the family. Taxonomy The subord ...

***Clade Umbraculida ***Clade Nudipleura ****Clade Pleurobranchomorpha ****Clade Nudibranchia *****Clade Euctenidiacea *****Clade Dexiarchia ******Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ******Clade Cladobranchia *******Clade Euarminida *******Clade Dendronotida *******Clade Aeolidida **Informal group

Pulmonata Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

***Informal group

Basommatophora Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), w ...

***Clade

Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonata H ...

****Clade

Systellommatophora The Systellommatophora (synonym Gymnomorpha) is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). They are marine and terrestrial pulmonate gastropods within the Heterobranchi ...

****Clade

Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

*****Clade Elasmognatha *****Clade Orthurethra *****Informal group

Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long p ...

Taxonomy

In the following, more detailed list, indentation is used only for the ranks of superfamily and family. The clade names are not indented, but their hierarchy is indicated by the size of the font used. A clearer sense of the hierarchy of the clades can be drawn from the list immediately above this one.

Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position

(Existing as fossils only)

Uncertain position (Gastropoda or
Monoplacophora Monoplacophora , meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic superclass of molluscs with a cap-like shell inhabiting deep sea environments . Extant representatives were not recognized as such until 1952; previously they were known only from ...
)

* unassigned to superfamily ** †

Khairkhaniidae Khairkhaniidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. They are thought to belong to either the Gastropoda or Monoplacophora. They possess planispiral coiled shells with a columnar microstructure. 2005 taxonomy ...

** †

Ladamarekiidae Ladamarekiidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. it is not known if they are sea snails (Gastropoda, or Monoplacophora Monoplacophora , meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic superclass of mollus ...

** †

Metoptomatidae Metoptomatidae is an extinct family of fossil mollusks from the Paleozoic era. These mollusks are either (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora Monoplacophora , meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic superclass of molluscs with a cap-like s ...

** † Patelliconidae ** † Protoconchoididae *

Archinacelloidea †Archinacelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora Monoplacophora , meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic superclass of molluscs with a cap-like shell inhabiting de ...

** †

Archinacellidae †Archinacellidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora). Description These are cap-shaped fossil shells. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Bouchet P. ...

** †

Archaeopragidae †Archaeopragidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora). Taxonomy The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Pond ...

Pelagielloidea Pelagielloidea is an extinct superfamily of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position, either ( Gastropoda or Monoplacophora). Families Families in the superfamily Pelagielloidea: * † Pelagiellidae * † Aldanellidae Aldanellidae ...

** † Pelagiellidae ** † Aldanellidae * Scenelloidea ** † Scenellidae ** † Coreospiridae ** †

Igarkiellidae ''Igarkiella'' is an extinct genus of trilobite containing a single described species ''Igarkiella igarkaensis''. The species is known from fossils dating to 505 to 501 million years ago during the Cambrian Period The Cambrian Period ( ; so ...

* Yochelcionelloidea ** † Yochelcionellidae ** † Stenothecidae ** † Trenellidae

With isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)

** †

Bucanellidae Bucanellidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position, belonging either to Gastropoda (snails) or Monoplacophora. The family lived from the upper Cambrian to middle Permian and the shells are characterized by a relatively ...

** †

Bucaniidae Bucaniidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position possibly being either gastropods or monoplacophorans in the superfamily Bellerophontoidea. The family lived from the Lower Ordovician to the Devonian and have shells in ...

** †

Euphemitidae Euphemitidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. They have isostrophically coiled shells and may be either Gastropoda sea (snail)s, or Monoplacophora. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & R ...

** †

Pterothecidae Pterothecidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position, either Gastropoda or Monoplacophora, with isostrophically coiled shells. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P ...

** †

Sinuitidae Sinuitidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position (they were either Gastropoda or Monoplacophora). They had isostrophically coiled shells. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Bouchet P. & ...

** †

Tremanotidae Tremanotidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs with isostrophically coiled shells. They occupy an uncertain position taxonomically: it is not known whether they were (gastropods (snails) or monoplacophorans. Taxonomy The taxon ...

** †

Tropidodiscidae Tropidodiscidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs with isostrophically coiled shells. They are of uncertain position taxonomically, in other words it is not known whether they were (Gastropoda (snails) or Monoplacophora)s. Taxon ...

With anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?)

* Euomphaloidea ** †

Euomphalidae Euomphalidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic to early Mesozoic marine molluscs which may be gastropods with anisostrophically coiled shells (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The shells show a selenizone ...

** †

Helicotomidae Helicotomidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs (gastropods?) with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?) (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomy The taxonomy o ...

** †

Lesueurillidae Lesueurillidae is an extinct family of paleozoic molluscs (gastropods?) with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?) (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomy The taxonomy ...

** †

Omphalocirridae Omphalocirridae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs (gastropods?) with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?) (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomy The taxonomy ...

** †

Omphalotrochidae Omphalotrochidae is an extinct taxonomic family of Paleozoic molluscs (gastropods?) with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?) (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomy Th ...

* Macluritoidea ** † Macluritidae

Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda

(existing as fossils only) * unassigned to superfamily ** †

Anomphalidae The Anomphalidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. These are archaeogastropods which are included in the suborder Trochina. The Anomphalidae lived during the Paleozoic, from the Silurian to the Middle Permian. ...

** † Codonocheilidae ** † Crassimarginatidae ** †

Holopeidae †Holopeidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Holopeidae Cossmann, 1908 †. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...

** †

Isospiridae Isospiridae is an extinct family (biology), family of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic gastropod mollusks. This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) ...

** †

Opisthonematidae †Opisthonematidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises ...

** † Paraturbinidae ** † Planitrochidae ** †

Pragoserpulinidae Pragoserpulinidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 ext ...

** †

Pseudophoridae Pseudophoridae is an extinct family of tropical warm-water Paleozoic sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic c ...

** †

Raphistomatidae The †Raphistomatidae is a taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic marine gastropod mollusks. This family was established by Koken in 1896. This family is found in the fossil record from the Upper Cambrian to the Middle Permian. D ...

** † Rhytidopilidae ** † Scoliostomatidae ** †

Sinuopeidae Sinuopeidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic gastropod mollusks. This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family consists of three following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, ...

Clisospiroidea Clisospiroidea is an extinct taxonomic superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks () ...

** †

Clisospiridae Clisospiridae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,0 ...

** †

Onychochilidae †Onychochilidae is an extinct family of small, fossil, upper Cambrian to lower Devonian molluscs. They have hyperstrophically coiled shells which generally have smooth whorls and elongate apertures. They are commonly considered to be gastropods ...

* Loxonematoidea ** † Loxonematidae ** † Palaeozygopleuridae *

Ophiletoidea †Ophiletidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Aro ...

** † Ophiletidae *

Straparollinoidea Straparollinidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). ...

** † Straparollinidae * Trochonematoidea ** †

Trochonematidae Trochonematidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Ar ...

** †

Lophospiridae Lophospiridae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,0 ...

Clade Patellogastropoda

*Superfamily Patelloidea **Family Patellidae *Superfamily

Nacelloidea Nacellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Patellogastropoda. Taxonomy Nacellidae was the only family in the superfamily Nacelloidea as described by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005),. How ...

**Family Nacellidae *Superfamily Lottioidea **Family Lottiidae **Family

Acmaeidae Acmaeidae is a family of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea and the subclass Patellogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Bouchet, P. ...

**Family Lepetidae *Superfamily

Neolepetopsoidea Neolepetopsoidea is the name of a taxonomic superfamily which is now considered to be a synonym of Lottioidea. Previously Neolepetopsoidea was considered to be a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Patellogastro ...

**Family

Neolepetopsidae Neolepetopsidae is a family of small deep sea sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Patellogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. ...

** † Family

Daminilidae Daminilidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Patellogastropoda. This family has no subfamilies. Taxonomy Daminilidae belongs to superfamily Neolepetopsoidea according to the ta ...

** † Family

Lepetopsidae Lepetopsidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Patellogastropoda. This family has no subfamilies. Members of extant family Neolepetopsidae probably developed from Lepetopsidae. McLean J. H. (7 November 1990). "Neolepetopsidae, a ...

Clade Vetigastropoda

*Not assigned to a superfamily: **Family

Ataphridae Trochaclididae, common name the false top snails,A Guide to the Marine Mollu ...

**Family

Pendromidae Pendromidae is a family of gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from salt ...

** † Family

Schizogoniidae Schizogoniidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 ...

*Superfamily †

Amberleyoidea Eucyclidae is a family of gastropods in the superfamily Seguenzioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. Genera Genera within the family Eucyclidae include: * '' Amberley ...

** † Family

Amberleyidae Amberleyidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 ...

** † Family

Nododelphinulidae Nododelphinulidae is an extinct family of fossil gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snail ...

*Superfamily †

Eotomarioidea Eotomarioidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda. Taxonomy * Family Eotomariidae Wenz, 1938 * Family Gosseletinidae Wenz, 1938 * Family Luciellidae Knight, 1956 * ...

** † Family Eotomariidae ** † Family

Gosseletinidae Gosseletinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Genera Genera within the family Glosseletinidae include* '' Bal ...

** † Family

Luciellidae Luciellidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks that ...

** † Family Phanerotrematidae *Superfamily

Fissurelloidea Fissurellidae, common name the keyhole limpets and slit limpets, is a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda.Rosenberg, G. (2012). Fissurellidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...

**Family Fissurellidae *Superfamily Haliotoidea **Family Haliotidae ** † Family Temnotropidae *Superfamily

Lepetelloidea Lepetelloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, small deepwater limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). (Previously this superfamily was in the or ...

**Family

Lepetellidae Lepetellidae is a taxonomic family of small deepwater sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Lepetelloidea in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). (It was ...

**Family

Addisoniidae Addisoniidae is a family of sea snails, deepwater true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollu ...

**Family

Bathyphytophilidae Bathyphytophilidae is a family of very small deepwater sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gast ...

**Family

Caymanabyssiidae Caymanabyssiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the vaude Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. This family was originally the subfamily ...

**Family

Cocculinellidae Cocculinellidae is a family of small sea snails, deepwater limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, m ...

**Family

Osteopeltidae Osteopeltidae is a taxonomic family of small, deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, ...

**Family

Pseudococculinidae Pseudococculinidae is a family of small sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lepetelloidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Gofas, S. (2012). Pseudococculinidae. Accesse ...

**Family Pyropeltidae *Superfamily Lepetodriloidea **Family Lepetodrilidae **Family Clypeosectidae **Family

Sutilizonidae Sutilizonidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, deepwater hydrothermal vent snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomy This family has no ...

*Superfamily †

Murchisonioidea Murchisonioidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda. This superfamily was previously included in the Caenogastropoda by Ponder and Warén (1988) and by Bandel in studies ...

** † Family Murchisoniidae ** † Family

Cheeneetnukiidae † Cheeneetnukiidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85, ...

** † Family

Hormotomidae Murchisoniidae is an extinct family of fossil gastropods in the superfamily Murchisonioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Bouchet, P. (2015). Murchisoniidae Koken, 1896 †. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Acc ...

*Superfamily

Neomphaloidea Neomphaloidea is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida. The order Neomphalida has the largest ''In situ#Bi ...

: subsequent research has placed this superfamily in its own clade, the Neomphalina, basal to the Vetigastropoda WoRMS: Neomphalina
/ref> **Family Neomphalidae **Family Melanodrymiidae **Family Peltospiridae *Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea **Family

Pleurotomariidae Pleurotomariidae, common name the "slit snails", is a family of large marine gastropods in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea of the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is a very ancient lineage; there were numerous species in the geological pas ...

** † Family

Catantostomatidae Catantostomatidae is an extinct family of marine gastropods included in the Vetigastropoda and placed in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea Pleurotomarioidea is a superfamily of small to large marine gastropods included in the order Pleurotomar ...

** † Family

Kittlidiscidae Kittlidiscidae is an extinct family of Middle Triassic gastropods in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea, named to contain the genus ''Kittlidiscus''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part I, R.C. Moore (ed) Geol Soc of America and Univ. Kansas ...

** † Family

Phymatopleuridae Phymatopleuridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea Pleurotomarioidea is a superfamily of small to large marine gastropods included in the order Pleurotomariida of the sub ...

** † Family

Polytremariidae Polytremariidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks that form a very ancient lineage (e ...

** † Family

Portlockiellidae Portlockiellidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. Genera Genera within the family Portlockiellidae include ...

** † Family

Rhaphischismatidae Rhaphischismatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superorder Vetigastropoda. They date from the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian). The family contains a single genus, ''Raphischisma''. In the Bouc ...

** † Family

Trochotomidae Trochotomidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pleurotomarioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. Genera Genera wi ...

** † Family

Zygitidae †Zygitidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks that ...

*Superfamily †

Porcellioidea Porcellioidea is an extinct superfamily of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda. This superfamily dates back to the Paleozoic. They developed sinistrally (left-handed) or planispirally coiled teleoco ...

** † Family

Porcelliidae Porcelliidae is an extinct family of gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs ...

** † Family

Cirridae Cirridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Porcellioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). These snails date from the Mesozoic era, and are sinistral ...

** † Family

Discohelicidae Discohelicidae is an extinct family of sea snails with planispiral shells, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollu ...

** † Family

Pavlodiscidae Pavlodiscidae is an extinct family of gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slug ...

*Superfamily

Scissurelloidea Scissurelloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subclass Vetigastropoda. Scissurelloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromoll ...

**Family Scissurellidae **Family

Anatomidae Anatomidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Anatomidae was raised to the rank of subfamily to the rank of family ...

*Superfamily Seguenzioidea **Family

Seguenziidae Seguenziidae is a family of very small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Seguenzioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Bouchet, P. (2012). Seguenziidae. Accessed through ...

**Family Chilodontidae ** † Family

Eucyclidae Eucyclidae is a family of gastropods in the superfamily Seguenzioidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. Genera Genera within the family Eucyclidae include: * '' Amberley ...

** † Family

Laubellidae Laubellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks that form a ...

*Superfamily Trochoidea **Family Trochidae **Family Calliostomatidae ** † Family

Elasmonematidae Elasmonematidae is an extinct family of gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and sl ...

** † Family

Eucochlidae Eucochlidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class c ...

** † Family

Microdomatidae Microdomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomy This family consists of two following subfam ...

** † Family

Proconulidae Proconulidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marinegastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks that form a ...

**Family

Solariellidae Solariellidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Gofas, S. (2011). Solariellidae. Accessed through: World Register of ...

** † Family

Tychobraheidae Tychobraheidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85, ...

** † Family

Velainellidae Velainellidae is a very small Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea (superfamily), Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies. Genera Th ...

*Superfamily Turbinoidea **Family Turbinidae **Family

Liotiidae Liotiidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Gofas, S. (2013). Liotiidae Gray, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of ...

**Family

Phasianellidae Phasianellidae common name the "pheasant shells" or "pheasant snails" is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomi ...

Clade
Cocculiniformia The Cocculinoidea is a superfamily of deepwater limpets (marine gastropods), the only superfamily in the order Cocculinida , one of the main orders of gastropods according to the taxonomy as set up by ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The clade Coccil ...

*Superfamily Cocculinoidea **Family Cocculinidae **Family

Bathysciadiidae Bathysciadiidae is a family of sea snails, deep-sea limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cocculiniformia (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bathysciadiidae ...

Clade Neritimorpha (= Neritopsina)

Contains the

Palaeozoic The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838 by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and '' ...

Neritomorpha of uncertain position and the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha and Cycloneritimorpha *Unassigned to superfamily ** † Family

Craspedostomatidae ''Craspedostomatidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks in the subclass Gastropoda incertae sedis, unassigned in the class Gastropoda . Genera * † '' Brochidium'' Koken, 1889 * '' Bucanospi ...

** † Family Pragoscutulidae *Superfamily Nerrhenoidea ** † Family

Nerrhenidae †''Nerrhenidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks ...

*Superfamily

Oriostomatoidea †Oriostomatoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). T ...

** † Family

Oriostomatidae ''Oriostomatidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ...

** † Family

Tubinidae ''Tubinidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks in the clade Neritimorpha, the nerites and their allies. Genera Genera within the family Tubinidae include* '' Tubina'', the type genus * '' Colu ...

*Superfamily

Palaeotrochoidea Palaeotrochidae is an extinct family of fossil snails, gastropod mollusks in the clade Neritimorpha according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This is the only family in the superfamily Palaeotrochoidea. This family ha ...

** † Family

Palaeotrochidae Palaeotrochidae is an extinct family of fossil snails, gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprise ...

*Superfamily Platyceratoidea ** † Family Platyceratidae

Clade
Cyrtoneritimorpha Cyrtoneritimorpha, also Cyrtoneritida, is a clade of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Neritimorpha Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked major clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping ...

** † Family

Orthonychiidae †''Orthonychiidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks in the clade Cyrtoneritimorpha. There is an unusually great degree of variability within the shells of species in the genus ''Orthonychia'', bu ...

** † Family

Vltaviellidae Vltaviellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod molluscs in the clade Cyrtoneritimorpha Cyrtoneritimorpha, also Cyrtoneritida, is a clade of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clad ...

Clade
Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cycloneritida. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/ap ...

*Superfamily

Helicinoidea Helicinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of land snails that have an operculum. In other words, they are terrestrial operculate gastropod mollusks. They are in the superfamily Neritoidea and are quite closely related to the marine and freshwa ...

**Family Helicinidae ** † Family

Dawsonellidae ''Dawsonellidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks ...

** † Family

Deaniridae ''Deianiridae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). ...

**Family

Neritiliidae Neritiliidae is a family of submarine cave snails,Kano Y. & Kase T. (2008). "Diversity and distributions of the submarine-cave Neritiliidae in the Indo-Pacific (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha)". ''Organisms Diversity & Evolution'' 8(1): 22-43. marine ...

**Family

Proserpinellidae Proserpinellidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of land snails with an operculum (gastropod), operculum, terrestrial animal, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicinoidea (according to the Taxonomy o ...

**Family

Proserpinidae Proserpinidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of small land snails with an operculum (gastropod), operculum, gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicinoidea (according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Ro ...

*Superfamily

Hydrocenoidea Hydrocenidae is a taxonomic family of minute land snails or cave snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha. Hydrocenidae are widespread across the Palearctis and Africa, but r ...

**Family

Hydrocenidae Hydrocenidae is a taxonomic family of minute land snails or cave snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha. Hydrocenidae are widespread across the Palearctis and Africa, but r ...

*Superfamily

Neritoidea Neritoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of mostly sea snails, nerites and their allies, marine gastropod mollusks in the order Cycloneritida (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. (2020). Mollus ...

**Family Neritidae **Family

Phenacolepadidae Phenacolepadidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails or false limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha (according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), taxonomy of the G ...

** † Family

Pileolidae ''Pileolidae'' is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. This family is related to the extant family Neritidae, the nerites. The family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Ro ...

*Superfamily

Neritopsoidea Neritopsoidea is a taxonomic grouping, a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha, within the clade Neritimorpha, (according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), or in the order Neritoina within superorder ...

**Family

Neritopsidae Neritopsidae is a family of small sea snails and freshwater snails in the clade Cycloneritimorpha (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The great majority of species within this family are only known as fossil ...

** † Family

Cortinellidae ''Cortinellidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gast ...

** † Family

Delphinulopsidae ''Delphinulopsidae'' is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine, gastropod mollusks. Taxonomy According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Delphinulopsidae has no subfamilies. 2007 taxono ...

** † Family

Plagiothyridae ''Plagiothyridae'' is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Neritopsoidea Neritopsoidea is a taxonomic grouping, a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cyclone ...

** † Family

Pseudorthonychiidae Pseudorthonychiidae is an extinct, monogeneric (contains only one genus) family of fossil snails, gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails, freshwater snails, a ...

**Family

Titiscaniidae ''Titiscania'' is a genus of slug-like sea snails, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Neritopsoidea.Bouchet, P. (2015). Titiscania. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

*Superfamily

Symmetrocapuloidea Symmetrocapulidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil snails, gastropod mollusks in the monotypic superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea within the clade Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails ...

** † Family

Symmetrocapulidae Symmetrocapulidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil snails, gastropod mollusks in the monotypic superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea within the clade Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails ...

Clade
Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. The clade is the most diverse and ecologically successfu ...

Contains the Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position, the informal group Architaenioglossa and the clades Sorbeoconcha and Hypsogastropoda *Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position: **Family

Lyocyclidae Lyocyclidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, unassigned in the order Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some ...

Thiele, 1925 ** † Family

Plicatusidae Plicatusidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but al ...

** † Family Spanionematidae ** † Family

Spirostylidae Spirostylidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but a ...

*Superfamily

Abyssochrysoidea ''Abyssochrysoidea'' is a superfamily of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks unassigned in the orderCaenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Abyssochrysoidea Tomlin, 1927. Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...

Tomlin, 1927 **

Acanthonematidae Acanthonematidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Cae ...

Wenz, 1938 † *Superfamily

Acteoninoidea Acteoninoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda. Taxonomy Families within the superfamily Acteoninoidea are as follows: * † Family Acteoninidae Acteoninidae is an extinct ...

** † Family

Acteoninidae Acteoninidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but al ...

** † Family

Anozygidae †Anozygidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but ...

** † Family

Soleniscidae Soleniscidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda. It first was seen on the 431 – 427 Ma (Silurian) and its last recorded appearance was in Late Triassic. It is found in the Americ ...

*Superfamily

Dendropupoidea Dendropupoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil land snails in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some fr ...

** † Family

Dendropupidae Dendropupidae is an extinct family of fossil land snails in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some freshwat ...

** † Family

Anthracopupidae †Anthracopupidae is an extinct family of fossil land snails in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some fre ...

*Superfamily

Paleostyloidea Paleostyloidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda. Families Families within the superfamily Paleostyloidea are as follows: * † Family Palaeostylidae * † Family Goniasmatida ...

** † Family

Palaeostylidae Palaeostylidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but ...

** † Family Goniasmatidae ** † Family

Pithodeidae Pithodeidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusk ...

*Superfamily Peruneloidea ** † Family Perunelidae ** † Family

Chuchlinidae Chuchlinidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but al ...

** † Family

Imoglobidae †Imoglobidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but ...

** † Family

Sphaerodomidae Sphaerodomidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but ...

*Superfamily

Pseudomelanioidea Pseudomelanioidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Caenogastropoda named after the family pseudomelaniidae. Taxonomy * † Family Pseudomelaniidae R. Hoernes, 1884 * † Family Trajanellid ...

** † Family Pseudomelaniidae ** † Family

Trajanellidae Trajanellidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but ...

*Superfamily

Subulitoidea Subulitoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, b ...

** † Family Subulitidae ** † Family

Ischnoptygmatidae Ischnoptygmatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, b ...

* grade Zygopleuroid group - see Changes since 2005 ** † Family

Zygopleuridae †Zygopleuridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, bu ...

** Family Abyssochrysidae ** † Family

Polygyrinidae Polygyrinidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but a ...

** † Family

Protorculidae †Protorculidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, bu ...

** Family

Provannidae Provannidae is a family of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfmaily Abyssochrysoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 and updated in 2008 by Kaim et al.). MolluscaBase eds. (2021) ...

** † Family

Pseudozygopleuridae Pseudozygopleuridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, ...

Informal group
Architaenioglossa Architaenioglossa is a taxonomic group of snails which have gills and often an operculum. They are primarily land and freshwater gastropod mollusks within the clade Caenogastropoda. This " informal group" has been shown to be polyphyletic in a s ...

*Superfamily Ampullarioidea **Family Ampullariidae ** † Family

Naricopsinidae †Naricopsinidae was an extinct family of fossil operculate gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,00 ...

*Superfamily Cyclophoroidea **Family Cyclophoridae **Family Aciculidae **Family

Craspedopomatidae Craspedopomatidae is a family of very small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa belonging to the clade Caenogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropod ...

**Family Diplommatinidae ** † Family

Ferussinidae †Ferussinidae is an extinct family of operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusk ...

**Family Maizaniidae **Family Megalomastomatidae **Family Neocyclotidae **Family

Pupinidae Pupinidae is a taxonomic family of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase ...

*Superfamily

Viviparoidea Viviparoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks within the informal group Architaenioglossa, which belongs to the clade Caenogastropoda. The following two families have been recognized in the tax ...

**Family Viviparidae ** † Family

Pliopholygidae Pliopholygidae is an extinct family (biology), family of operculum (gastropod), operculate freshwater snails, Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa. References The Taxonomicon
Prehistoric gas ...

Clade
Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda. The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997. Taxonomy 1997 taxo ...

*Not allocated to superfamily ** † Family

** † Family Canterburyellidae ** † Family

Prisciphoridae † Prisciphoridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade ...

*Superfamily

Cerithioidea The Cerithioidea is a superfamily of marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod containing more than 200 genera. The Cerithoidea are included unassigned in the subclass Caenogastropoda. The original name of this superfamily was Cerithiacea, ...

**Family Cerithiidae **Family Batillariidae ** † Family Brachytrematidae ** † Family

Cassiopidae †Cassiopidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superorder Cerithiimorpha The Cerithiimorpha was a suborder of marine gastropods within the Sorbeoconcha. This taxon is no longer valid according to the ...

**Family Dialidae **Family

Diastomatidae Diastomatidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Diastomatidae has no subfamilies. Genera Genera in the fa ...

** † Family

Eustomatidae Eustomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Cae ...

** † Family Ladinulidae ** † Family

Lanascalidae Lanascalidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Mar ...

** Family Litiopidae ** † Family

Maoraxidae Maoraxidae is an extinct family of snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all it ...

**Family Melanopsidae ** † Family

Metacerithiidae Metacerithiidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Campaniloidea The Campaniloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The Campaniloidea are unassigned in the clade Ca ...

**Family

Modulidae Modulidae, common name modulids, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Modulidae has no subfamilies. Genera ...

**Family Pachychilidae **Family Paludomidae **Family Planaxidae **Family Pleuroceridae ** † Family Popenellidae **Family Potamididae ** † Family

Procerithiidae Procerithiidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha. ''Argyropeza'' is the only extant genus in the Procerithiidae. Taxonomy The following three subfamilies are recognized in the taxonomy o ...

- If the genus ''

Argyropeza ''Argyropeza'' is a genus of small deep-sea sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Procerithiidae.WoRMS (2010). ''Argyropeza'' Melvill & Standen, 1901. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database ...

'' is placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is not all fossil. ** † Family

Prostyliferidae Prostyliferidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastrop ...

** † Family Propupaspiridae **Family Scaliolidae **Family

Siliquariidae ''Siliquariidae'' is a family of sea snails with unusual, very loosely coiled shells. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha. Taxonomy The following two subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ...

** † Family Terebrellidae - not a valid name **Family Thiaridae **Family

Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha. These snails are filter feeders. This method of feeding is s ...

*Superfamily Campaniloidea **Family

Campanilidae Campanilidae are a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha (an alternative representation of the clade Caenogastropoda).Bouchet, P. (2013). Campanilidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Speci ...

**Family

Ampullinidae Ampullinidae are a mostly extinct taxonomic family of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Caenogastropoda.Bouchet, P. (2013). Ampullinidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...

**Family Plesiotrochidae ** † Family Trypanaxidae

Clade
Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade containing marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Hypsogastropoda. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=t ...

Contains the clades Littorinimorpha, Neogastropoda and the informal group Ptenoglossa. *Not allocated to a superfamily ** † Family

Coelostylinidae Coelostylinidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade containing marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaB ...

** † Family Maturifusidae ** † Family

Pommerozygiidae Pommerozygiidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade containing marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Hyp ...

** † Family

Settsassiidae Settsassiidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade containing marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...

Clade Littorinimorpha

*Superfamily Calyptraeoidea **Family

Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141 o ...

*Superfamily

Capuloidea The Capulidae, the cap snails or cap shells, are a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Gofas, S. (2012). Capulidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

**Family

Capulidae The Capulidae, the cap snails or cap shells, are a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Gofas, S. (2012). Capulidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

*Superfamily Cingulopsoidea **Family

Cingulopsidae Cingulopsidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), but also including some freshwater sna ...

**Family

Eatoniellidae Eatoniellidae, commonly known as eatoniellids, are a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cingulopsoidea The Cingulopsoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the cl ...

**Family Rastodentidae *Superfamliy Cypraeoidea **Family Cypraeidae **Family Ovulidae *Superfamily

Ficoidea Ficidae, common name the fig shells are a family of medium to large marine gastropods. It is the only family in the superfamily Ficoidea. According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Ficidae has no subfamilies. ...

**Family

Ficidae Ficidae, common name the fig shells are a family of medium to large marine gastropods. It is the only family in the superfamily Ficoidea. According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Ficidae has no subfamilies. ...

*Superfamily Littorinoidea **Family Littorinidae ** † Family

Bohaispiridae Bohaispiridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including some fre ...

**Family

Pickworthiidae Pickworthiidae is a family (biology), family of small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917. Accessed through: World Register of ...

**Family Pomatiidae ** † Family

Purpurinidae The Purpurinidae are an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Purpurinidae has no subfamilies. Fossil record These s ...

**Family

Skeneopsidae The Skeneopsidae are a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), but also including ...

** † Family Tripartellidae **Family Zerotulidae *Superfamily Naticoidea **Family Naticidae *Superfamily Pterotracheoidea **Family Pterotracheidae **Family Atlantidae ** † Family

Bellerophinidae Bellerophinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including some f ...

**Family Carinariidae *Superfamily

Rissooidea Rissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Gray, 1847, is a taxonomic superfamily of small and minute marine snails, belonging to the clade Littorinimorpha.Gofas, S. (2013). Rissooidea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

**Family

Rissoidae Rissoidae is a large family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea and the order Littorinimorpha. Distribution and habitat This family of snails is found worldwide. They ...

**Family Amnicolidae **Family

Anabathridae Anabathridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha. Genera * Genus '' Afriscrobs'' W.F. Ponder, 1983 **'' Afriscrobs adjacens'' ( E. A. Smith, 1910) **'' Afriscrobs africanus'' (Bartsch, 1915) **'' ...

**Family

Assimineidae Assimineidae is a family of minute snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Rissoidae. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious betwee ...

**Family

Barleeiidae Barleeiidae (often also spelled Barleeidae) is a family of minute sea snails, micromollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.Gofas S. (1995). A remarkable species richness of the Barleeidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea) in the Eastern Atlantic. The Nautilu ...

**Family Bithyniidae **Family Caecidae **Family

Calopiidae Calopiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Truncatelloidea Truncatelloidea is a superfamily of snails, gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.Bouchet, P. (2013). ''Truncatelloidea''. Retrie ...

**Family Cochliopidae **Family

Elachisinidae Elachisinidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Truncatelloidea and the order Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species) ...

**Family

Emblandidae ''Emblanda emblematica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine aquatic operculate gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but ...

**Family Epigridae **Family

Falsicingulidae Falsicingulidae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), but also including s ...

**Family

Helicostoidae ''Helicostoa'' is a monotypic genus of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the order Littorinimorpha containing the single species ''Helicostoa sinensis''. ''Helicostoa'' is also the only genus in the family Helicostoidae.Strong E ...

**Family Hydrobiidae **Family

Hydrococcidae Hydrococcidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including some freshw ...

**Family

Iravadiidae Iravadiidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Truncatelloidea and the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine sp ...

**Family Lithoglyphidae ** † Family Mesocochliopidae **Family Moitessieriidae ** † Family

Palaeorissoinidae Palaeorissoinidae is an extinct family of fossil snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Rissooidea Rissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Gray, 1847, is a taxonomic superfamily of small and minute marine snails, belonging to th ...

**Family Pomatiopsidae **Family

Stenothyridae Stenothyridae is a family of small freshwater snails, snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Truncatelloidea. This family has no subfamilies. Distribution There are known about 60 freshwater speci ...

**Family Tornidae **Family

Truncatellidae Truncatellidae, common name the "looping snails", is a family of small amphibious snails, with gills and an operculum, semi-marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks. Shell description This family of snails have small shells which lose th ...

*Superfamily

Stromboidea The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: ...

**Family Strombidae **Family Aporrhaidae ** † Family

Colombellinidae Colombellinidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including ...

** † Family

Pugnellidae Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classif ...

**Family

Rostellariidae Rostellariidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Bouchet, P. (2010). Rostellariidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register ...

**Family

Seraphsidae Seraphsidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Stromboidea The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea sn ...

**Family

Struthiolariidae Struthiolariidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Stromboidea The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large s ...

** † Family

Thersiteidae Thersiteidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Stromboidea The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snails ...

** † Family

Tylostomatidae Tylostomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Stromboidea The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snail ...

*Superfamily Tonnoidea **Family Tonnidae **Family

Bursidae The Bursidae, common name "frog snails" or "frog shells", are a rather small taxonomic family of large sea snails, marine gastropod predatory snails in the clade Littorinimorpha. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bursidae Thiele, 1925. A ...

**Family

Laubierinidae The Laubierinidae are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. Taxonomy The family includes the following genera: * '' Akibumia'' Kuroda & Habe, 1959 * '' Laminilabrum'' Kuroda & Habe, 1961 * '' Laubier ...

**Family

Personidae The Personidae are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including some freshwater ...

**Family

Pisanianuridae The Laubierinidae are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. Taxonomy The family includes the following genera: * '' Akibumia'' Kuroda & Habe, 1959 * ''Laminilabrum'' Kuroda & Habe, 1961 * ''Laubieri ...

**Family Ranellidae **Family Cassidae *Superfamily Vanikoroidea **Family Vanikoridae **Family Haloceratidae **Family Hipponicidae ** † Family Omalaxidae *Superfamily Velutinoidea **Family Velutinidae **Family Triviidae *Superfamily Vermetoidea **Family Vermetidae *Superfamily Xenophoroidea **Family Xenophoridae ** † Family Lamelliphoridae

Informal group Ptenoglossa

*Superfamily

Epitonioidea Epitonioidea is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of planktonic and ectoparasitic sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs within the informal group Ptenoglossa. This superfamily includes the wentletraps and the purple snails. Taxonomy ...

**Family

Epitoniidae Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...

**Family

Janthinidae Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...

**Family

Nystiellidae Nystiellidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Epitonioidea which includes the wentletraps, the purple snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2010). Nystiellidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenbe ...

*Superfamily Eulimoidea **Family Eulimidae **Family

Aclididae Eulimidae is a family of very small parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Vanikoroidea. Description These small parasitic snails live on (or in some cases in) the bodies of echinoderms such as sea cucumbers, sea ...

*Superfamily Triphoroidea **Family

Triphoridae Triphoridae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group Ptenoglossa, within the clade Hypsogastropoda. Almost all the species in this family are micromollusks and almost all are left-handed in she ...

**Family

Cerithiopsidae Cerithiopsidae is a family of very small sea snails in the informal group Ptenoglossa. Members of this family are known as cerithiopsids.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cerithiopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853. Accessed through: World R ...

**Family Newtoniellidae

Clade
Neogastropoda Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Description The available fossil record of Neogastropoda is relatively complete, and supports a widely accepted evolutionary scenario of an Early Creta ...

*Unassigned to a superfamily ** † Family Johnwyattiidae ** † Family

Perissityidae Perissityidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropo ...

** † Family Sarganidae ** † Family

Speightiidae Speightiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastrop ...

** † Family

Taiomidae Taiomidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Description The availa ...

** † Family

Weeksiidae †Weeksiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). A ...

*Superfamily Buccinoidea **Family Buccinidae **Family

Colubrariidae Colubrariidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Bouchet, P. (2010). Colubrariidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Access ...

**Family Columbellidae **Family Fasciolariidae **Family

Nassariidae The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (USA), or dog whelks (UK), are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. "Dog whelk" also refers to ''Nucella lapillus''. Shell description T ...

**Family Melongenidae *Superfamily Muricoidea **Family Muricidae **Family

Babyloniidae Babyloniidae is a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks unassigned within the superfamily Neogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Babyloniidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971. Accessed through: World R ...

**Family Costellariidae **Family

Cystiscidae Cystiscidae is a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks. Description The shell is minute to large, either white, uniformly colored, or patterned; the surface is smooth, sculptured, or axially costate; ...

**Family Harpidae **Family Marginellidae **Family Mitridae ** † Family Pholidotomidae **Family Pleioptygmatidae **Family Strepsiduridae **Family Turbinellidae **Family Volutidae **Family

Volutomitridae Volutomitridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, in the superfamily Turbinelloidea. Distribution The highest diversity of Volutomitridae is found off the coast of New Caledonia. Genera The family Volutomitridae contain ...

*Superfamily Olivoidea **Family Olividae **Family Olivellidae *Superfamily

Pseudolivoidea Olivoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of minute to medium-large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the order Neogastropoda.MolluscaBase (2018). Olivoidea Latreille, 1825. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: ...

**Family Pseudolividae **Family

Ptychatractidae Ptychatractidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Turbinelloidea.Kantor, Y. (2014). Ptychatractidae Stimpson, 1865. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...

*Superfamily Conoidea **Family

Conidae Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...

**Family Clavatulidae **Family Drilliidae **Family

Pseudomelatomidae Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and part of the Neogastropoda ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). In 1995 Kantor elevated the subfamily Pseudomelatomina ...

**Family

Strictispiridae Strictispiridae is a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). ...

**Family Terebridae **Family

Turridae Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

*Superfamily Cancellarioidea **Family

Cancellariidae Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. Some of the shells of the species in this family resemble a nutmeg seed. Di ...

Clade Heterobranchia

Contains the informal groups Heterobranchia, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata

Informal group " Lower Heterobranchia" (=
Allogastropoda Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails, (marine gastropod mollusks) within the subclass Heterobranchia. WoRMS (2020). "Lower Heterobranchia". Accessed at: ...
)

*Unassigned to a superfamily ** Family Cimidae ** † Family Dolomitellidae ** † Family

Heterosubulitidae †Heterosubulitidae is an extinct Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia. References The Taxonomicon
Heterosubulitidae, ...

** † Family

Kuskokwimiidae Kuskokwimiidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). ...

** † Family

Misurinellidae The Misurinellidae is an extinct Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia. Genera Genera within the family Misureinellidae include: ...

**Family

Orbitestellidae Orbitestellidae are a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the infraclassis Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved ...

**Family

Tjaernoeiidae ''Tjaernoeia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails ...

**Family

Xylodisculidae The Xylodisculidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class ...

*Superfamily Acteonoidea **Family

Acteonidae Acteonidae, common name the "barrel bubble snails", is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks of the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet, P. (2012). Acteonidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:/ ...

** † Family Acteonellidae **Family Aplustridae **Family

Bullinidae The Aplustridae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acteonoidea. The former name of this family, Hydatinidae (Pilsbry, 1893) has been declared invalid.Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (Ed ...

** † Family Zardinellidae *Superfamily

Architectonicoidea Architectonicoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classification and nomenclat ...

**Family Architectonicidae ** † Family

Amphitomariidae The Amphitomariidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea ...

** † Family

Cassianaxidae The Cassianaxidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea s ...

*Superfamily Glacidorboidea **Family Glacidorbidae *Superfamily

Mathildoidea Mathildoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Mathildoidea Dall, 1889. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.m ...

**Family

Mathildidae Mathildidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Mathildoidea of the informal group of the Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Mathildidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...

** † Family

Ampezzanildidae The Ampezzanildidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea ...

** † Family

Anoptychiidae Zygopleurinae is an extinct taxonomic subfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea sl ...

** † Family

Gordenellidae Gordenellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs ...

** † Family

Tofanellidae The Tofanellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia. Subfamilies The family Tofanellidae used to consist of the two following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of th ...

** † Family

Trachoecidae The Trachoecidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Mathildoidea Mathildoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.M ...

*Superfamily Nerineoidea ** † Family Nerineidae ** † Family

Ceritellidae The †Ceritellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea ...

** † Family

Nerinellidae †Nerinellidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved ...

*Superfamily

Omalogyroidea Omalogyroidea is a superfamily of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved ...

**Family

Omalogyridae Omalogyridae are a family of minute and microscopic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, hig ...

** † Family Studraxidae *Superfamily Pyramidelloidea **Family Pyramidellidae **Family Amathinidae ** † Family Heteroneritidae **Family Murchisonellidae *Superfamily

Ringiculoidea Ringiculidae are a family of minute deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Cla ...

**Family Ringiculidae *Superfamily Rissoelloidea **Family

Rissoellidae Rissoellidae are a family (biology), family of minute sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia. Rissoellidae is the only family within the superfamily Rissoelloidea in the Taxonomy of the G ...

*Superfamily

Streptacidoidea Streptacidoidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea s ...

** † Family

Streptacididae The Streptacididae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evolv ...

** † Family

Cassianebalidae The Cassianebalidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia Lower Heterobranchia, also known as the Allogastropoda, is a group of rather specialized, highly evol ...

*Superfamily

Valvatoidea Valvatoidea is a superfamily of minute freshwater and marine snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the informal group Lower Heterobranchia.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Valvatoidea Gray, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

**Family Valvatidae **Family

Cornirostridae The Cornirostridae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,00 ...

**Family

Hyalogyrinidae The Hyalogyrinidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class ...

** † Family

Provalvatidae The Provalvatidae is an extinct taxonomic family of aquatic snails, gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85, ...

Informal group
Opisthobranchia Opisthobranchs () is now an informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping. Euopisth ...

Contains the clades Cephalaspidea, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, Aplysiomorpha, Sacoglossa, Umbraculida, Nudipleura and the groups Acochlidiacea and Cylindrobullida.

Clade Cephalaspidea

*Superfamily Bulloidea **Family

Bullidae ''Bulla'' is a genus of medium to large hermaphrodite sea snails, shelled marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs. These herbivorous snails are in the suborder Cephalaspidea, headshield slugs, and the order Opisthobranchia.Gofas, S. (201 ...

*Superfamily

Diaphanoidea Diaphanoidea is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Taxonomic rank, superfamily of small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails. Species in th ...

**Family

Diaphanidae Diaphanidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Diaphanoidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails. The little-known species in this family have small, flimsy ...

**Family

Notodiaphanidae ''Notodiaphana fragilis'' is a species of marine snail, gastropod mollusk in the clade Architectibranchia. ''Notodiaphana fragilis'' is the only species in the genus ''Notodiaphana''. Genus ''Notodiaphana'' is the only genus in the family Noto ...

*Superfamily

Haminoeoidea Haminoeoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of small sea snails or bubble shells, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails. These cephalaspideans do have distinct anatomical and morp ...

**Family

Haminoeidae Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea. The name of this family has long been controversial, and used to be A ...

**Family

Bullactidae Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea. The name of this family has long been controversial, and used to be A ...

**Family

Smaragdinellidae Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea. The name of this family has long been controversial, and used to be A ...

*Superfamily Philinoidea **Family Philinidae **Family Aglajidae **Family Cylichnidae **Family

Gastropteridae Gastropteridae, the bat-winged slugs, is a family of sea slugs, gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Philinoidea of the clade Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails. The greatest diversity of these colourful small slugs is in the ...

**Family

Philinoglossidae Philinoglossidae is a family of marine snails, gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant spec ...

**Family

Plusculidae ''Pluscula'' is a genus of marine snails, gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Philinoidea within the clade Cephalaspidea. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, ''Pluscula cuica''. Distribution This species occurs off Sao ...

**Family Retusidae *Superfamily

Runcinoidea Runcinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) or a clade Runcinaecea (according to the Malaquias et al. (2009)) of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the order RuncinidaJörge ...

**Family

Runcinidae Runcinidae is a family of medium-sized sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks. They are headshield slugs, in the superfamily Runcinoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. ( ...

**Family

Ilbiidae Ilbiidae is a family of marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant spe ...

Clade Thecosomata

*Superfamily Cavolinioidea **Family Cavoliniidae **Family Limacinidae ** † Family

Sphaerocinidae Sphaerocinidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil sea snails, sea butterflies, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are kn ...

*Superfamily Cymbulioidea **Family

Cymbuliidae Cymbuliidae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cymbulioidea. Description Instead of an external calcareous shell, they possess a pseudoconch, consisting of conchioline, a cart ...

**Family

Desmopteridae Desmopteridae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cymbulioidea. This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). '' Desmopt ...

**Family Peraclidae

Clade Gymnosomata

*Superfamily

Clionoidea Clionoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically naked (i.e. unshelled) pteropods, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Gymnosomata. They are sometimes called "sea angels" or "naked sea butterflies" along with t ...

**Family Clionidae **Family

Cliopsidae The Cliopsidae, common name sea angels, are a taxonomic family of small, free-swimming sea slugs, pelagic marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the order Opisthobranchia. As is the case in all gymnosome pteropods, these sea angels ...

**Family

Notobranchaeidae The Notobranchaeidae, or "naked sea butterflies", are a taxonomic family of floating sea slugs, specifically under the subclass Opistobranchia, also called "sea angels". Similar to other Pteropods, these pelagic marine heterobranch gastropod mo ...

**Family

Pneumodermatidae The Pneumodermatidae are a family of sea angels, or small floating predatory sea snails or sea slugs. They are pelagic marine heterobranch opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Gymnosomata. These small pelagic snails lack shells (excep ...

*Superfamily

Hydromyloidea Hydromyloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically sea angels, marine opisthobranch gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollus ...

**Family Hydromylidae **Family

Laginiopsidae The Laginiopsidae are a taxonomic family of planktonic, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the suborder Gymnosomata, commonly called the 'sea angels'. These small pelagic snails lack shells (except in their early embryonic stage). Lagi ...

Clade Aplysiomorpha (=
Anaspidea The clade Anaspidea, commonly known as sea hares (''Aplysia'' species and related genera), are medium-sized to very large opisthobranch gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein. These are marine gastropod molluscs i ...
)

*Superfamily Aplysioidea **Family

Aplysiidae Aplysiidae is the only family in the superfamily Aplysioidea, within the clade Anaspidea. These animals are commonly called sea hares because, unlike most sea slugs, they are often quite large, and when they are underwater, their rounded body sh ...

*Superfamily

Akeroidea Akeroidea is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusc, mollusks within the clade Anaspidea.Gofas, S. (2010). Akeroidea. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

**Family

Akeridae Akeridae is a small taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs belonging to the superfamily Akeroidea, the sea hares. The family, in its original spelling "Aceridae", has previously been attributed in error to Pilsbry, 1893. Ake ...

Group Acochlidiacea

*Superfamily

Acochlidioidea Acochlidiidae are a taxonomic family of shell-less freshwater gastropods (one of them ''Palliohedyle weberi'' lives in brackish water),Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: O ...

**Family Acochlidiidae *Superfamily

Hedylopsoidea Hedylopsoidea was defined as a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, mostly marine gastropod mollusks within the informal group Opisthobranchia according to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Schrödl & Neusser (2010)Schrödl M. & Neusser ...

**Family Hedylopsidae **Family Ganitidae **Family Livorniellidae **Family

Minicheviellidae ''Asperspina'' is a genus of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Acochlidiacea. Taxonomy Asperspinidae has been listed as a synonym of Parhedylidae in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Sensu Schrödl & Neusser (2010) ...

**Family

Parhedylidae Parhedylidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parhedyloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Parhedylidae Thiele, 1931. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.m ...

**Family Tantulidae *Superfamily

Palliohedyloidea Acochlidiidae are a taxonomic family of shell-less freshwater gastropods (one of them '' Palliohedyle weberi'' lives in brackish water),Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: ...

**Family

Palliohedylidae Acochlidiidae are a taxonomic family of shell-less freshwater gastropods (one of them ''Palliohedyle weberi'' lives in brackish water),Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: O ...

*Superfamily

Strubellioidea According to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), Strubellioidea was a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, mostly marine gastropod mollusks within the informal group Opisthobranchia. However, Schrödl & Neusser (2010)Schrödl M. & Neusser ...

**Family

Strubelliidae ''Strubellia paradoxa'' is a species of freshwater slug, a shell-less freshwater gastropod,Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". ''Hydrobiologia'' 595 ...

**Family Pseudunelidae

Clade Sacoglossa

Subclade
Oxynoacea Oxynooidea is a superfamily of small sea snails, bubble snails and bivalved gastropods, marine gastropod mollusks within the superorder Sacoglossa. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847). Accessed through: World ...

*Superfamily Oxynooidea **Family Oxynoidae **Family Juliidae **Family Volvatellidae

Subclade
Placobranchacea The Plakobranchacea are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sacoglossa.Bouchet, P. (2012). Plakobranchacea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdet ...

*Superfamily Placobranchoidea **Family Placobranchidae **Family Boselliidae **Family

Platyhedylidae Platyhedylidae is a family of sacoglossan sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000&n ...

*Superfamily Limapontioidea **Family Limapontiidae **Family Caliphyllidae **Family Hermaeidae

Group
Cylindrobullida ''Cylindrobulla'' is a genus of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. ''Cylindrobulla'' is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it is the only genus in the family. Taxonomy The subord ...

*Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea **Family Cylindrobullidae

Clade Umbraculida

*Superfamily Umbraculoidea **Family

Umbraculidae Umbraculidae are a taxonomic family of unusual sea snails or limpets, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the clade Umbraculida. Distribution This family has a global distribution in tropical and subtropical seas. Genera Genera ...

**Family

Tylodinidae Tylodinidae is a family of sea snails or false limpets, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Umbraculoidea. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy The family Tylodinidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonom ...

Clade Nudipleura

Subclade Pleurobranchomorpha

*Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea **Family Pleurobranchidae

Subclade Nudibranchia

Contains the clades Euctinidiacea and Dexiarchia *Unassigned to superfamily **Family

Rhodopidae Rhodopidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Murchisonelloidea.Bouchet, P. (2015). Rhodopidae Ihering, 1876. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespec ...

= Clade Euctenidiacea (= Holohepatica)

= Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and Doridacea

=Subclade Gnathodoridacea

= *Superfamily

Bathydoridoidea ''Bathydorididae'' is a taxonomic family of dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks ...

**Family

Bathydorididae ''Bathydorididae'' is a taxonomic family of dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine gastropod mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks ...

=Subclade Doridacea

= *Superfamily Doridoidea **Family Dorididae **Family Actinocyclidae **Family Chromodorididae **Family Discodorididae *Superfamily Phyllidioidea **Family Phyllidiidae **Family

Dendrodorididae Dendrodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the Superfamily Phyllidioidea. Genera A maximum-parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S mtDNA gene In biology, th ...

**Family Mandeliidae *Superfamily Onchidoridoidea **Family Onchidorididae **Family

Corambidae Corambidae is a family name for sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs. Genera Genera in the family Corambidae include:Hallas J.M. & Gosliner T.M. (2015)''Family matters: The first molecular phylogeny of the Onchidorididae Gray, ...

**Family

Goniodorididae Goniodorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Opisthobranchia. Genera Genera in the family Goniodorididae include: * '' Ancula'' Lovén, 1846 * ''Goniodoris ''Goniod ...

*Superfamily Polyceroidea (= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria) **Family Polyceridae **Family Aegiretidae - Aegiretidae is incorrect subsequent spelling of this family in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Correct is Aegiridae. **Family Gymnodorididae **Family

Hexabranchidae Hexabranchidae is a monotypic family of colorful nudibranchs (often called "sea slugs") which contains only a single genus ''Hexabranchus'', with two species, and has no subfamilies. This family is one of the many families of dorid nudibranchs ...

**Family

Okadaiidae Okadaiidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Polyceroidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea. This family has no subfamilies. Genera * ''Vayssierea'' (Risbec, 1928) ** ''Vays ...

= Clade Dexiarchia (= Actenidiacea)

= Contains the clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia

= Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ( = Doridoxida)

= *Superfamily

Doridoxoidea Doridoxidae, commonly known as doridoxid nudibranchs, are a small, enigmatic taxonomic family of shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Cladobranchia within the clade Nudibranchia. Doridoxidae is currently the only fami ...

**Family

Doridoxidae Doridoxidae, commonly known as doridoxid nudibranchs, are a small, enigmatic taxonomic family of shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Cladobranchia within the clade Nudibranchia. Doridoxidae is currently the only fami ...

= Clade Cladobranchia ( = Cladohepatica)

= Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida *Not assigned to a superfamily **Family Charcotiidae **Family

Dironidae Dironidae is a family of nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant spec ...

**Family Dotidae **Family

Embletoniidae ''Embletonia'' is a genus of gastropods in the suborder Cladobranchia. It is the only family in the monotypic family Embletoniidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Embletonia Alder & Hancock, 1851. Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...

**Family Goniaeolididae **Family Heroidae **Family Madrellidae **Family Pinufiidae **Family Proctonotidae

=Subclade Euarminida

= *Superfamily Arminoidea **Family Arminidae **Family Doridomorphidae

=Subclade Dendronotida

= *Superfamily Tritonioidea **Family Tritoniidae **Family

Aranucidae Tritoniidae is a taxonomic family of nudibranchs in the suborder Cladobranchia, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs.MolluscaBase (2018)Tritoniidae Lamarck, 1809.Accessed on 2021-01-01 This family includes some of the largest known nudibranchs, w ...

**Family Bornellidae **Family Dendronotidae **Family Hancockiidae **Family Lomanotidae **Family Phylliroidae **Family Scyllaeidae **Family Tethydidae

=Subclade Aeolidida

= *Superfamily Flabellinoidea ( = Pleuroprocta) **Family Flabellinidae **Family Notaeolidiidae *Superfamily Fionoidea **Family Fionidae **Family Calmidae **Family Eubranchidae **Family

Pseudovermidae Pseudovermidae is a taxonomic family of minute sea slugs, specifically aolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usua ...

**Family

Tergipedidae Tergipedidae is a family of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Fionoidea (according to the of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Taxonomic history The bratos in this family were moved to the fam ...

*Superfamily Aeolidioidea **Family Aeolidiidae **Family Facelinidae **Family

Glaucidae ''Glaucus'' is a genus of small blue pelagic sea slugs. They are aeolid nudibranchs,Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2013)''Glaucus'' Forster, 1777.Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2013-07-17 ranging in size from . They feed on colon ...

**Family

Piseinotecidae Piseinotecidae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Aeolidioidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). Piseinotecidae Edmunds, 1970. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

Informal Group
Pulmonata Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata

Informal Group
Basommatophora Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), w ...

Contains the clade Hygrophila *Superfamily

Amphiboloidea Amphiboloidea is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails. Distribution Amphibolids are found in Indo-Pacific intertidal mangrove, saltmarsh and estuarine mudflat habitats. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy According ...

**Family

Amphibolidae Amphibolidae is a family of air-breathing snails with opercula, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This family of pulmonate gastropods, for breathe air, but also have opercula and at least some species go through a free-swimming velig ...

*Superfamily Siphonarioidea **Family Siphonariidae ** † Family Acroreiidae

= Clade Hygrophila

= *Superfamily

Chilinoidea Chilinoidea is a family (biology), superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Hygrophila (Gastropoda), Hygrophila. References

Panpulmonata {{Pulmonata-stub ...

**Family

Chilinidae ''Chilina'' is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Chilinoidea. ''Chilina'' is the only genus in the family Chilinidae. Distribution Chilinidae occupies the temperate and c ...

**Family

Latiidae ''Latia'' is a genus of very small, air-breathing freshwater snails or limpets, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Chilinoidea. ''Latia'' is the only genus in the family Latiidae. Species in this genus are the only ...

*Superfamily Acroloxoidea **Family

Acroloxidae Acroloxidae, commonly known as river limpets, are a taxonomic family of very small, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod limpet-like mollusks with a simple flattened conical shell in the clade Hygrophila. Acroloxidae is the only fam ...

*Superfamily Lymnaeoidea **Family Lymnaeidae *Superfamily Planorboidea **Family Planorbidae **Family Physidae

Clade
Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonata H ...

Contains the clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora *Superfamily

Trimusculoidea ''Trimusculus'' is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing sea snails or false limpets, marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Trimusculidae. ''Trimusculus'' is the only genus in the family Trimusculidae. Trimusculidae, the button sna ...

**Family Trimusculidae *Superfamily Otinoidea **Family Otinidae **Family Smeagolidae *Superfamily

Ellobioidea Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...

**Family Ellobiidae

= Clade
Systellommatophora The Systellommatophora (synonym Gymnomorpha) is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). They are marine and terrestrial pulmonate gastropods within the Heterobranchi ...
(=
Gymnomorpha The Systellommatophora (synonym Gymnomorpha) is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). They are marine and terrestrial pulmonate gastropods within the Heterobranchia. Th ...
)

= *Superfamily Onchidioidea **Family Onchidiidae *Superfamily

Veronicelloidea Veronicelloidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs. They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the clade Systellommatophora. Taxonomy The following two families were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (20 ...

**Family Veronicellidae **Family

Rathouisiidae Rathouisiidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Veronicelloidea, the leatherleaf slugs and their allies. This family has no subfamilies according to the ''Taxonomy of ...

= Clade
Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

= Contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra

= Subclade Elasmognatha

= *Superfamily

Succineoidea Succineoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the suborder Helicina. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Succineoidea Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

**Family

Succineidae Succineidae are a family of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails (and slugs), terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Succineoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Succineidae Beck, 1837. Accessed thr ...

*Superfamily

Athoracophoroidea Athoracophoridae, common name the leaf-veined slugs, are a family (biology), family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora, the stalk-eyed snails and slugs. Ma ...

**Family Athoracophoridae

= Subclade Orthurethra

= *Superfamily Partuloidea **Family Partulidae **Family Draparnaudiidae *Superfamily Achatinelloidea **Family Achatinellidae *Superfamily Cochlicopoidea **Family Cochlicopidae **Family Amastridae *Superfamily Pupilloidea **Family Pupillidae **Family Argnidae **Family Chondrinidae ** † Family Cylindrellinidae **Family Lauriidae **Family Orculidae **Family Pleurodiscidae **Family Pyramidulidae **Family Spelaeoconchidae **Family Spelaeodiscidae **Family Strobilopsidae **Family Valloniidae **Family Vertiginidae *Superfamily Enoidea **Family Enidae **Family Cerastidae

= Informal Group
Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long p ...

= *Superfamily Clausilioidea **Family Clausiliidae ** † Family Anadromidae ** † Family Filholiidae ** † Family Palaeostoidae *Superfamily Orthalicoidea **Family Orthalicidae **Family Cerionidae **Family Coelociontidae ** † Family Grangerellidae **Family Megaspiridae **Family Placostylidae **Family Urocoptidae *Superfamily Achatinoidea **Family Achatinidae **Family Ferussaciidae **Family Micractaeonidae **Family Subulinidae *Superfamily Aillyoidea **Family Aillyidae *Superfamily Testacelloidea **Family Testacellidae **Family Oleacinidae **Family Spiraxidae *Superfamily Papillodermatoidea **Family Papillodermatidae *Superfamily Streptaxoidea **Family Streptaxidae *Superfamily Rhytidoidea **Family Rhytididae **Family Chlamydephoridae **Family Haplotrematidae **Family Scolodontidae *Superfamily Acavoidea **Family Acavidae **Family Caryodidae **Family Dorcasiidae **Family Macrocyclidae **Family Megomphicidae **Family Strophocheilidae *Superfamily Plectopyloidea **Family Plectopylidae **Family Corillidae **Family Sculptariidae *Superfamily Punctoidea **Family Punctidae ** † Family Anastomopsidae **Family Charopidae **Family Cystopeltidae **Family Discidae **Family Endodontidae **Family Helicodiscidae **Family Oreohelicidae **Family Thyrophorellidae *Superfamily Sagdoidea **Family Sagdidae

= limacoid clade

= *Superfamily Staffordioidea **Family Staffordiidae *Superfamily Dyakioidea **Family Dyakiidae *Superfamily Gastrodontoidea **Family Gastrodontidae **Family Chronidae **Family Euconulidae **Family Oxychilidae **Family Pristilomatidae **Family Trochomorphidae **Fossil taxa that probably belong to the superfamily Gastrodontoidea: ***Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae ***Subfamily † Grandipatulinae ***Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae *Superfamily Parmacelloidea **Family Parmacellidae **Family Milacidae **Family Trigonochlamydidae *Superfamily Zonitoidea **Family Zonitidae *Superfamily Helicarionoidea **Family Helicarionidae **Family Ariophantidae **Family Urocyclidae *Superfamily Limacoidea **Family Limacidae **Family Agriolimacidae **Family Boettgerillidae **Family Vitrinidae

=Informal group Sigmurethra continued

= Two other superfamilies are part of the clade Sigmurethra, but they are ''not'' in the limacoid clade: *Superfamily Arionoidea **Family Arionidae **Family Anadenidae **Family Ariolimacidae **Family Binneyidae **Family Oopeltidae **Family Philomycidae *Superfamily Helicoidea **Family Helicidae **Family Bradybaenidae **Family Camaenidae **Family Cepolidae (gastropods), Cepolidae **Family Cochlicellidae **Family Elonidae **Family Epiphragmophoridae **Family Halolimnohelicidae **Family Helicodontidae **Family Helminthoglyptidae **Family Humboldtianidae **Family Hygromiidae **Family Monadeniidae **Family Pleurodontidae **Family Polygyridae **Family Sphincterochilidae **Family Thysanophoridae **Family Trissexodontidae **Family Xanthonychidae

References

External links

Full text of ''Malacologia'' vol. 47 (1-2)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005) Gastropod taxonomy Systems of animal taxonomy Malacological literature

Context

Main clades, groups and informal groups

Taxonomy

Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position

Uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora Monoplacophora , meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic superclass of molluscs with a cap-like shell inhabiting deep sea environments . Extant representatives were not recognized as such until 1952; previously they were known only from ...)

With isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)

With anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?)

Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda

Clade Patellogastropoda

Clade Vetigastropoda

Clade Cocculiniformia The Cocculinoidea is a superfamily of deepwater limpets (marine gastropods), the only superfamily in the order Cocculinida , one of the main orders of gastropods according to the taxonomy as set up by ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The clade Coccil ...

Clade Neritimorpha (= Neritopsina)

Clade Cyrtoneritimorpha Cyrtoneritimorpha, also Cyrtoneritida, is a clade of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Neritimorpha Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked major clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping ...

Clade Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cycloneritida. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/ap ...

Clade Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. The clade is the most diverse and ecologically successfu ...

Informal group Architaenioglossa Architaenioglossa is a taxonomic group of snails which have gills and often an operculum. They are primarily land and freshwater gastropod mollusks within the clade Caenogastropoda. This " informal group" has been shown to be polyphyletic in a s ...

Clade Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda. The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997. Taxonomy 1997 taxo ...

Clade Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade containing marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Hypsogastropoda. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=t ...

Clade Littorinimorpha

Informal group Ptenoglossa

Clade Neogastropoda Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Description The available fossil record of Neogastropoda is relatively complete, and supports a widely accepted evolutionary scenario of an Early Creta ...

Clade Heterobranchia

Informal group Opisthobranchia Opisthobranchs () is now an informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping. Euopisth ...

Clade Cephalaspidea

Clade Thecosomata

Clade Gymnosomata

Clade Aplysiomorpha (= Anaspidea The clade Anaspidea, commonly known as sea hares (''Aplysia'' species and related genera), are medium-sized to very large opisthobranch gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein. These are marine gastropod molluscs i ...)

Group Acochlidiacea

Clade Sacoglossa

Subclade Oxynoacea Oxynooidea is a superfamily of small sea snails, bubble snails and bivalved gastropods, marine gastropod mollusks within the superorder Sacoglossa. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847). Accessed through: World ...

Subclade Placobranchacea The Plakobranchacea are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sacoglossa.Bouchet, P. (2012). Plakobranchacea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdet ...

Group Cylindrobullida ''Cylindrobulla'' is a genus of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. ''Cylindrobulla'' is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it is the only genus in the family. Taxonomy The subord ...

Clade Umbraculida

Clade Nudipleura

Subclade Pleurobranchomorpha

Subclade Nudibranchia

= Clade Euctenidiacea (= Holohepatica)

=Subclade Gnathodoridacea

=Subclade Doridacea

= Clade Dexiarchia (= Actenidiacea)

= Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ( = Doridoxida)

= Clade Cladobranchia ( = Cladohepatica)

=Subclade Euarminida

=Subclade Dendronotida

=Subclade Aeolidida

Informal Group Pulmonata Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

Informal Group Basommatophora Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), w ...

= Clade Hygrophila

Clade Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonata H ...

= Clade Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

= Subclade Elasmognatha

= Subclade Orthurethra

= Informal Group Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long p ...

= limacoid clade

=Informal group Sigmurethra continued

See also

References

External links

Uncertain position (Gastropoda or
Monoplacophora Monoplacophora , meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic superclass of molluscs with a cap-like shell inhabiting deep sea environments . Extant representatives were not recognized as such until 1952; previously they were known only from ...
)

Clade
Cocculiniformia The Cocculinoidea is a superfamily of deepwater limpets (marine gastropods), the only superfamily in the order Cocculinida , one of the main orders of gastropods according to the taxonomy as set up by ( Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The clade Coccil ...

Clade
Cyrtoneritimorpha Cyrtoneritimorpha, also Cyrtoneritida, is a clade of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the clade Neritimorpha Neritimorpha is a taxonomic grouping, an unranked major clade of snails, gastropod mollusks. This grouping ...

Clade
Cycloneritimorpha Cycloneritida (nerites and false-limpets) is an order of land snails, freshwater snails, and sea snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cycloneritida. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/ap ...

Clade
Caenogastropoda Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade, a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. The clade is the most diverse and ecologically successfu ...

Informal group
Architaenioglossa Architaenioglossa is a taxonomic group of snails which have gills and often an operculum. They are primarily land and freshwater gastropod mollusks within the clade Caenogastropoda. This " informal group" has been shown to be polyphyletic in a s ...

Clade
Sorbeoconcha Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda. The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997. Taxonomy 1997 taxo ...

Clade
Hypsogastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade containing marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Hypsogastropoda. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=t ...

Clade
Neogastropoda Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Description The available fossil record of Neogastropoda is relatively complete, and supports a widely accepted evolutionary scenario of an Early Creta ...

Informal group
Opisthobranchia Opisthobranchs () is now an informal name for a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods which used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia. That taxon is no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping. Euopisth ...

Clade Aplysiomorpha (=
Anaspidea The clade Anaspidea, commonly known as sea hares (''Aplysia'' species and related genera), are medium-sized to very large opisthobranch gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein. These are marine gastropod molluscs i ...
)

Subclade
Oxynoacea Oxynooidea is a superfamily of small sea snails, bubble snails and bivalved gastropods, marine gastropod mollusks within the superorder Sacoglossa. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847). Accessed through: World ...

Subclade
Placobranchacea The Plakobranchacea are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sacoglossa.Bouchet, P. (2012). Plakobranchacea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdet ...

Group
Cylindrobullida ''Cylindrobulla'' is a genus of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. ''Cylindrobulla'' is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it is the only genus in the family. Taxonomy The subord ...

Informal Group
Pulmonata Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

Informal Group
Basommatophora Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), w ...

Clade
Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonata H ...

= Clade
Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

= Informal Group
Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long p ...