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Tampere ( , , ; sv, Tammerfors, ) is a
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in the
Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tampere Region'' in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme an ...
region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...
, located in the western part of
Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
. Tampere is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries. It has a population of 244,029; the
urban area An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities ...
has a population of 341,696; and the metropolitan area, also known as the
Tampere sub-region Tampere sub-region is a subdivision of Pirkanmaa and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009. It covers an area of 4,977 km2 and has a population of 389,896 as of 2014. Municipalities * Hämeenkyrö * Kangasala * Kuhmoinen * Lempäälä ...
, has a population of 393,941 in an area of . Tampere is the second-largest urban area and third most-populous individual municipality in Finland, after the cities of
Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
and
Espoo Espoo (, ; sv, Esbo) is a city and municipality in the region of Uusimaa in the Republic of Finland. It is located on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, bordering the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, Kirkkonummi, Vihti and Nurmijärvi ...
, and the most populous Finnish city outside the Greater Helsinki area. Today, Tampere is one of the major urban, economic, and cultural hubs in the whole inland region. Tampere and its environs belong to the historical province of Satakunta. The area belonged to the
Häme Province The Province of Häme ( fi, Hämeen lääni, sv, Tavastehus län) was a province of Finland from 1831 to 1997. In 1997 the southern parts with Kanta-Häme, Päijät-Häme was merged with the province of Uusimaa and Kymi into the new Provin ...
from 1831 to 1997, and over time it has often been considered to belong to Tavastia as a province. For example, in '' Uusi tietosanakirja'' published in the 1960s, the
Tampere sub-region Tampere sub-region is a subdivision of Pirkanmaa and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009. It covers an area of 4,977 km2 and has a population of 389,896 as of 2014. Municipalities * Hämeenkyrö * Kangasala * Kuhmoinen * Lempäälä ...
is presented as part of the then Tavastia Province. Around the 1950s, Tampere and its surroundings began to establish itself as their own province of Pirkanmaa. Tampere became the center of Pirkanmaa, and in the early days of the province, ''Tammermaa'' was also used several times in its early days - for example, in the ''Suomi-käsikirja'' published in 1968. Tampere is wedged between two lakes,
Näsijärvi Näsijärvi () is a lake above sea level, in the Pirkanmaa region of southern Finland. Näsijärvi is the biggest lake in the Tampere area at in size. The city of Tampere was built along the Tammerkoski rapids, through which the lake drains in ...
and
Pyhäjärvi Pyhäjärvi (1993–1995 ''Pyhäsalmi'') is a town and municipality in the south of Northern Ostrobothnia region, Finland. Pyhäjärvi also borders the Northern Savonia and Central Finland regions. The town belongs to the subregion of Nivala–Ha ...
. Since the two lakes differ in level by , the rapids linking them,
Tammerkoski Tammerkoski is a channel of rapids in Tampere, Finland. The city of Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. The difference in altitude between these two is and the water flows from Näsijärvi to Pyhäjärvi through ...
, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "
Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
of the North" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock". Also, Tampere has been officially declared the "Sauna Capital of the World", because it has the most public
saunas A sauna (, ), or sudatory, is a small room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these facilities. The steam and high heat make the bathers perspire. A thermometer in a ...
in the world. Helsinki is approximately south of Tampere, and can be reached in 1 hour 31 minutes by
Pendolino Pendolino (from Italian ''pendolo'' "pendulum", and ''-ino,'' a diminutive suffix) is an Italian family of tilting trains used in Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Russia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the UK, the US, ...
high-speed rail service and 2 hours by car. The distance to
Turku Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a city and former capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (''Varsinais-Suomi'') and the former Turku and Pori Province (''Turun ja Porin lääni''; ...
is roughly the same. Tampere–Pirkkala Airport is Finland's eighth-busiest airport, with over 230,000 passengers in 2017. Tampere also serves as an important transit route for three Finnish highways:
Highway 3 The following highways are numbered 3, H-3, PRI-3, AH3, E03 and R3. For roads numbered A3, see A3 roads. For roads numbered M3, see M3. For roads numbered N3, see N3. For roads numbered 3A, see 3A. International * Asian Highway 3 * Europea ...
( E12), Highway 9 ( E63) and Highway 12. Tampere ranked 26th in the list of 446 cities in the world's hipster cities, and it has often been rated as the most popular city in Finland. The positive development of Tampere and the Tampere metropolitan area has continued throughout the 21st century, which is largely due to Tampere being one of the most migratory and attractive cities in Finland.


Names and etymology

Although the name Tampere is derived from the
Tammerkoski Tammerkoski is a channel of rapids in Tampere, Finland. The city of Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. The difference in altitude between these two is and the water flows from Näsijärvi to Pyhäjärvi through ...
rapids (both the city and the rapids are called Tammerfors in
Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
), the origin of the ''Tammer-'' part of that name has been the subject of much debate. Ánte accepts the "straightforward" etymology of Rahkonen and Heikkilä in
Proto-Samic Proto-Sami is the hypothetical, reconstructed common ancestor of the Sami languages. It is a descendant of the Proto-Uralic language. Homeland and expansion Although the current Sami languages are spoken much further to the north and west, Pro ...
, meaning "deep, slow section of a stream" and "rapids" (cognate with the Finnish ''koski''). This has become the most accepted explanation in the academia, according to the
Institute for the Languages of Finland The Institute for the Languages of Finland,, from which the shortened name ''Kotus'' is derived, smn, Päikkieennâm kielâi tutkâmkuávdáš, se, Ruovttueatnan gielaid guovddáš, sms, Dommjânnmlaž ǩiõli kõõskõs, rom, Finnosko tšimbe ...
. Other theories include that it comes from the Swedish word ''damber'', meaning
milldam A mill dam (International English) or milldam (US) is a dam constructed on a waterway to create a mill pond. Water passing through a dam's spillway is used to turn a water wheel and provide energy to the many varieties of watermill. By raising t ...
; another, that it originates from the ancient Scandinavian words ''þambr'' ("thick bellied") and ''þambion'' ("swollen belly"), possibly referring to the shape of the rapids. Another suggestion links the name to the Swedish word ''Kvatemberdagar'', or more colloquially ''Tamperdagar'', meaning the Ember days of the Western Christian liturgical calendar. The Finnish word for
oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...
, ''tammi'', also features in the speculation, although Tampere is situated outside the natural distribution range of the
European oak ''Quercus robur'', commonly known as common oak, pedunculate oak, European oak or English oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe west of the Caucasus. It is wide ...
.


Heraldry

The first
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...
of Tampere was designed by Arvid von Cederwald in 1838, while the current coat of arms created in 1960 and currently in use was designed by Olof Eriksson. Changing the coat of arms was a
controversial Controversy is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view. The word was coined from the Latin ''controversia'', as a composite of ''controversus'' – "turned in an opposite d ...
act and the restoration of the old coat of arms has, from time to time, been demanded even after the change. The new coat of arms has also been called
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
-style in letters to the editor because of its colors. The
blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The vi ...
of the old coat of arms has either not survived or it has never been done, but the description of the current coat of arms is explained as follows: "In the red field, a corrugated counter-bar, above which is accompanied by a piled hammer, and below, a Caduceus; all
gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...
". The colors of the coat of arms are the same as in the coat of arms of Pirkanmaa. The hammer, which looks like the first letter of the city's name T, symbolizes Tampere's early
industry Industry may refer to: Economics * Industry (economics), a generally categorized branch of economic activity * Industry (manufacturing), a specific branch of economic activity, typically in factories with machinery * The wider industrial sector ...
, Caduceus its
trading Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct excha ...
activities and the corrugated counter-bar represents the Tammerkoski rapids, which divides Tampere's industrial and commercial areas. The city received its first
seal Seal may refer to any of the following: Common uses * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, or "true seal" ** Fur seal * Seal (emblem), a device to imp ...
in 1803, and the seal depicted the city's buildings of that time and Tammerkoski.


History


Early history

The earliest known permanent settlements around Tammerkoski were established in 7th century, when settlers from the west of the region started farming land in Takahuhti. The area was largely inhabited by the Tavastian tribes. For many centuries, the population remained low. By the 16th century, the villages of Messukylä and Takahuhti had grown to be the largest settlements in the region. Other villages nearby were Laiskola, Pyynikkälä and Hatanpää. At that time, there had been a
market place A marketplace or market place is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. In different parts of the world, a marketplace may be described as a ''souk'' (from the Arabic), '' ...
in the Pispala area for centuries, where the bourgeoisies from
Turku Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a city and former capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (''Varsinais-Suomi'') and the former Turku and Pori Province (''Turun ja Porin lääni''; ...
in particular traded. In 1638, Governor-General
Per Brahe the Younger Count Per Brahe the Younger (18 February 1602 – 12 September 1680) was a Swedish soldier, statesman, and author. He served as Privy Councillor from 1630, Lord High Steward from 1640, as well as Governor-General of Finland in 1637–1640 and 1 ...
ordered that two markets be held in Tammerkoski each year, the autumn market on every Peter's Day in August and the winter market on Mati Day in February. In 1708 the market was moved from the edge of Tammerkoski to Harju and from there in 1758 to Pispala. The early industries in the Pirkanmaa region in the 17th century were mainly
watermill A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower. It is a structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the production of ...
s and
sawmill A sawmill (saw mill, saw-mill) or lumber mill is a facility where logs are cut into lumber. Modern sawmills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes (dimensi ...
s, while in the 18th century other production began to emerge, as several small-scale ironworks, Tammerkoski distillery and Otavala spinning school were founded.


The birth and industrialization of the city

Before the birth of the city of Tampere, its neighboring municipality of
Pirkkala Pirkkala (; sv, Birkala) is a municipality of Finland. It is located some south-west from Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is , which makes ...
(according to which the current Pirkanmaa region got its name) was the most administratively significant parish in the area throughout the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
. This all changed in the 18th century when Erik Edner, a Finnish
pastor A pastor (abbreviated as "Pr" or "Ptr" , or "Ps" ) is the leader of a Christian congregation who also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation. In Lutheranism, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy and ...
, proposed the establishment of a city of Tampere on the banks of the Tammerkoski channel in 1771–1772; it was officially founded as a market place in 1775 by Gustav III of Sweden and four years later, 1 October 1779, Tampere was granted full city rights. At this time, it was a rather small town, founded on the lands belonging to Tammerkoski manor, while its inhabitants were still mainly farmers. As
farming Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled peopl ...
on the city's premises was forbidden, the inhabitants began to rely on other methods of securing a livelihood, primarily
trade Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct excha ...
and
handicraft A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple, non-automated re ...
. When Finland became part of the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
as the
Grand Duchy of Finland The Grand Duchy of Finland ( fi, Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta; sv, Storfurstendömet Finland; russian: Великое княжество Финляндское, , all of which literally translate as Grand Principality of Finland) was the predecess ...
in 1809, Tampere still had less than a thousand inhabitants. Tampere grew as a major market town and industrial centre in the 19th century; the industrialization of Tampere was greatly influenced by the Finlayson
textile factory Textile Manufacturing or Textile Engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods ...
, founded in 1820 by the Scottish industrialist James Finlayson. By the year 1850, the factory employed around 2000 people, while the population of the city had increased to 4000 inhabitants. Other notable industrial establishments that followed Finlayson's success in the 1800s were the Tampella blast furnace,
machine factory A machine factory is a company, that produces machines. These companies traditionally belong to the heavy industry sector in comparison to a more consumer oriented and less capital intensive light industry. Today many companies make more sophistic ...
and flax mill, the Frenckell paper mill, and the Tampere
broadcloth Broadcloth is a dense, plain woven cloth, historically made of wool. The defining characteristic of broadcloth is not its finished width but the fact that it was woven much wider (typically 50 to 75% wider than its finished width) and then he ...
factory. Tampere's population grew rapidly at the end of the 19th century, from about 7,000 in 1870 to 36,000 in 1900. At the beginning of the 20th century, Tampere was a city of workers and women, with a third of the population being factory workers and more than half women. At the same time, the city's area increased almost sevenfold and impressive
apartment building An apartment (American English), or flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story. There are ma ...
s were built in the center of Tampere among modest wooden houses. The stone houses shaped Tampere in a modern direction. The construction of the sewerage and water supply network and the establishment of electric lighting were further steps towards modernisation; regarding the latter, Tampere was the first Nordic city to introduce electric lights for general use in 1882. The railway connection to Tampere from the extension of the
Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
Hämeenlinna Hämeenlinna (; sv, Tavastehus; krl, Hämienlinna; la, Tavastum or ''Croneburgum'') is a city and municipality of about inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of Tavastia and the modern province of Kanta-Häme in the south of F ...
line section (today part of the Main Line) via
Toijala Toijala is a former town and municipality of Finland, located some south of Tampere. On 1 January 2007, it was consolidated with Viiala to form the town of Akaa. Toijala is known as an important railway crossroads. The Helsinki–Tampere an ...
was opened to public traffic on 22 June 1876. The world-famous
Nokia Corporation Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
, a multinational
telecommunication Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that fe ...
company, also had its beginnings in the Tammerkoski area; the company's history dates from 1865, when the Finnish-Swedish
mining engineer Mining in the engineering discipline is the extraction of minerals from underneath, open pit, above or on the ground. Mining engineering is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, and ...
Fredrik Idestam Knut Fredrik Idestam (28 October 1838, Tyrväntö, Grand Duchy of Finland – 8 April 1916, Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland) was a Finnish mining engineer and businessman, best known as a founder of Nokia. In May 1865, Idestam obtained a permit ...
(1838–1916) established a pulp mill on the shores of the rapids and after that, a second pulp mill was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town of Nokia, where there were better
hydropower Hydropower (from el, ὕδωρ, "water"), also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic energy of a w ...
resources.


Geopolitical significance

Tampere was the centre of many important political events in the early 20th century; for example, the 1905 conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), led by
Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...
, was held at the
Tampere Workers' Hall Tampere Workers' Hall (also known as the Puistotorni, ''The Park Tower'') is a conference and congress centre in Kaakinmaa, Tampere, Finland, located in the corner between Hämeenpuisto and Hallituskatu. It was built in 1900 by the Tampere Worke ...
, where it was decided, among other things, to launch an armed uprising, which eventually led to the October 1917 revolution in the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
. Also, on 1 November 1905, during the general strike, the famous ''
Red Declaration The Red Declaration ( fi, punainen julistus) is a document published in Tampere on 14 November 1905, though it was dated under the "old style" calendar used in the Russian Empire at the time as 1 November 1905. It called for the Senate of Finlan ...
'' was proclaimed on Keskustori. In 1918, after Finland had gained independence, Tampere played a major role, being one of the strategically important sites for the
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (FSWR), more commonly referred to as Red Finland, was a self-proclaimed Finland, Finnish socialist state that ruled parts of the country during the Finnish Civil War of 1918. It was outlined on 29 January 1 ...
(FSWR) during the Civil War in Finland (28 January–15 May 1918); the city was the most important industrial city in Finland at the beginning of the 20th century, marked by a huge working population. Tampere was a Red stronghold during the war, with Hugo Salmela in command. White forces, led by General Mannerheim, captured the town after the
Battle of Tampere The Battle of Tampere was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle, fought in Tampere, Finland from 15 March to 6 April between the Whites and the Reds. It is the most famous and the heaviest of all the Finnish Civil War battles. Today it is particular ...
, seizing about 10,000
Red Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...
prisoners on 6 April 1918. During the
Winter War The Winter War,, sv, Vinterkriget, rus, Зи́мняя война́, r=Zimnyaya voyna. The names Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940 (russian: link=no, Сове́тско-финская война́ 1939–1940) and Soviet–Finland War 1 ...
, Tampere was bombed by the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
several times. The reason for the bombing of Tampere was that the city was an important railway junction, and also housed the State Aircraft Factory and the Tampella factory, which manufactured munitions and weapons, including grenade launchers. The most devastating bombings were on 2 March 1940, killing nine and wounding 30 city residents. In addition, ten buildings were destroyed and 30 were damaged that day.


Post-war period and modern day

Prevalent in Tampere's post-
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
municipal politics was the Brothers-in-Arms Axis (''aseveliakseli''), which mostly consisted of the
National Coalition Party sv, Samlingspartiet , leader1_title = Chairman , leader1_name = Petteri Orpo , leader2_title = Deputy chairs , leader2_name = Antti HäkkänenElina ValtonenAnna-Kaisa Ikonen , merger = Finnish Party, Young Finn ...
and the
Social Democrats Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote so ...
. While the Centre Party was the largest political force in the Finnish countryside, it had no practical relevance in Tampere. After World War II, Tampere was enlarged by joining some neighbouring areas. Messukylä was incorporated in 1947,
Lielahti Lielahti ( sv, Lielax) is a suburb in the city of Tampere, Finland, with important industrial and commercial facilities. Lielahti was annexed to the city in 1950 from Ylöjärvi parish. Lielahti lies about 7 kilometres west from the city centre. ...
in 1950, Aitolahti in 1966 and finally
Teisko Teisko () is a village and former municipality in Pirkanmaa region, Finland. It was consolidated in 1972 with Tampere, and at the same time Tampere got new districts: Kämmenniemi, Polso, Terälahti and Velaatta. Teisko's neighboring municipal ...
in 1972. The limit of 100,000 inhabitants was crossed in Tampere in 1950. Tampere was long known for its textile and metal industries, but these have been largely replaced by information technology and telecommunications during the 1990s. The technology centre
Hermia Hermia is a fictional character from Shakespeare's play, ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. She is a girl of ancient Athens named for Hermes, the Greek god of trade. Overview Hermia is caught in a romantic entanglement where she loves one man, Lysan ...
in
Hervanta Hervanta is a large suburb, or satellite city, of Tampere in Finland, located next to Hallila some 10 km south of the city centre. Home to a population of over 26,000, Hervanta is best known for its prefabricated blocks of flats. The total ...
is home to many companies in these fields.
Yleisradio Yleisradio Oy (Finnish, literally "General Radio Ltd." or "General Broadcast Ltd."; abbr. Yle ; sv, Rundradion Ab, italics=no), translated to English as the Finnish Broadcasting Company, is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founde ...
started broadcasting its second television channel,
Yle TV2 Yle TV2 ( fi, Yle TV Kaksi; sv, Yle TV Två) is a Finnish television channel owned and operated by Yle. TV2 was launched in 1965 as the successor to the former television channels TES-TV (Tesvisio) and Tamvisio, and broadcasts public service ...
, in Ristimäki, Tampere in 1965, as a result of which Finland was the first of the Nordic countries to receive a second television channel, after Sweden's SVT2 started broadcasting only four years later. Tampere became a
university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States ...
city when the Social University moved from Helsinki to Tampere in 1960 and became the
University of Tampere The University of Tampere (UTA) ( fi, Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), ) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019. The university offered u ...
in 1966. In 1979, Tampere-Pirkkala Airport was opened from the center of Tampere on the side of the Pirkkala municipality. At the turn of the 1990s, Tampere's industry underwent a major structural change, as the production of Tampella's and Tampere's textile industry in particular was heavily focused on
bilateral trade Bilateral trade or clearing trade is trade exclusively between two states, particularly, barter trade based on bilateral deals between governments, and without using hard currency for payment. Bilateral trade agreements often aim to keep trade def ...
with the Soviet Union, but when it collapsed in 1991 the companies lost their main customers. As a result of the sudden change and the depression of the early 1990s, Finlayson and the Suomen trikoo had to reduce their operations sharply. Tampella went
bankrupt Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor ...
. But although the change left a huge amount of vacant industrial space in the city center, in the early 2000s it was gradually put to other uses, with the current Tampere cityscape being characterized above all by strong IT companies, most notably
Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
's Tampere R&D units.


Geography

Tampere is part of the
Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tampere Region'' in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme an ...
region and is surrounded by the
municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
of
Kangasala Kangasala is a city in Finland which is situated about 16 kilometres East of Tampere. The city was founded in 1865 and had a population of people as of . Kangasala covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Finnish auth ...
, Lempäälä,
Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
,
Orivesi Orivesi () is a town and a municipality of Finland. It is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The municipality official language is monoling ...
,
Pirkkala Pirkkala (; sv, Birkala) is a municipality of Finland. It is located some south-west from Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is , which makes ...
,
Ruovesi Ruovesi is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Neighbouring municipalities are Juupajoki, Mänttä-Vil ...
, and
Ylöjärvi Ylöjärvi () is a town and a municipality in the Pirkanmaa region, northwest of Tampere and north of the capital city Helsinki in Finland. The town has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . ...
. There are 180 lakes that are larger than 10,000 m2 (1 ha) in Tampere, and fresh water bodies make up 24% of the city's total area. The lakes have formed as separate basins from Ancylus lake approximately 7500–8000 years ago. The northernmost point of Tampere is located in the Vankavesi
fjard A fjard ( sv, fjärd, ) is a large open space of water between groups of islands or mainland in archipelagos. Fjards can be found along sea coasts, in freshwater lakes or rivers. Fjard and fjord were originally the same word with the general mean ...
of
Teisko Teisko () is a village and former municipality in Pirkanmaa region, Finland. It was consolidated in 1972 with Tampere, and at the same time Tampere got new districts: Kämmenniemi, Polso, Terälahti and Velaatta. Teisko's neighboring municipal ...
, the southernmost at the eastern end of
Lake Hervanta A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...
, the easternmost at the northeast corner of Lake Paalijärvi of Teisko and the westernmost at the southeast corner of Lake Haukijärvi near the borders of Ylöjärvi and Nokia. The city center itself is surrounded by three lakes, Näsijärvi, Pyhäjärvi and much smaller
Iidesjärvi Iidesjärvi is a small lake in Tampere, Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the nor ...
. Tampere region is situated in the
Kokemäki River Kokemäki (; sv, Kumo) is a town and municipality in the Satakunta Region of Finland. The town has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Finland is constitutionally bi-lingual with a Swedis ...
drainage basin, which discharges into the Bothnian Sea through river which flows through Pori, the capital of Satakunta region. The bedrock of Tampere consists of mica shale and
migmatite Migmatite is a composite rock found in medium and high-grade metamorphic environments, commonly within Precambrian cratonic blocks. It consists of two or more constituents often layered repetitively: one layer is an older metamorphic rock th ...
, and its building stone deposits are diverse: in addition to traditional
granite Granite () is a coarse-grained ( phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies under ...
, there is an abundance of
quartz diorite Quartz diorite is an igneous, plutonic ( intrusive) rock, of felsic composition, with phaneritic texture. Feldspar is present as plagioclase (typically oligoclase or andesine) with 10% or less potassium feldspar. Quartz Quartz is a hard, ...
,
tonalite Tonalite is an igneous, plutonic ( intrusive) rock, of felsic composition, with phaneritic (coarse-grained) texture. Feldspar is present as plagioclase (typically oligoclase or andesine) with alkali feldspar making up less than 10% of the total ...
, mica shale and mica gneiss. One of the most notable geographical features in Tampere is the Pyynikki Ridge (''Pyynikinharju''), a large
esker An esker, eskar, eschar, or os, sometimes called an ''asar'', ''osar'', or ''serpent kame'', is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North Ame ...
formed from moraine during the
Weichselian glaciation The Weichselian glaciation was the last glacial period and its associated glaciation in northern parts of Europe. In the Alpine region it corresponds to the Würm glaciation. It was characterized by a large ice sheet (the Fenno-Scandian ice sheet) ...
. It rises 160 meters above sea level and is said to be the largest gravel esker in the world. It is also part of Salpausselkä, a 200 km long ridge system left by the
ice age An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Earth's climate alternates between ice ages and gre ...
. The center of Tampere (''Keskusta''), as well as the Pyynikki,
Ylä-Pispala Pispala is a city area 2.5 km from the centre of Tampere, Finland. It is located on the northern slope of Pispalanharju, the highest esker in Finland. Together with Pyynikki, Pispala is widely considered the most beautiful area of Tampere ...
and Ala-Pispala districts, are located on the isthmus between Lake Pyhäjärvi and Lake Näsijärvi. The location of the city on the edge of the Tammerkoski rapids between two long waterways was one of the most important stimuli for its establishment in the 1770s. The streets of central Tampere form a typical grid pattern. On the western edge of the city center, there is a north–south park street, Hämeenpuisto ("Häme Park" or "Tavastia Park"), which leads from the shore of Lake Pyhäjärvi near Lake Näsijärvi. The wide Hämeenkatu street leads east–west from the
Tampere Central Station Tampere Central Station is a functionalist building in Tampere, Finland, designed by Eero Seppälä and Otto Flodin, completed in 1936. The station is one of the most important railway stations in Finland. In 2015, the Tampere Central Station was ...
to Hämeenpuisto and crosses Tammerkoski along the
Hämeensilta Hämeensilta (the ″Häme Bridge″) is a bridge in Tampere, Finland, crossing the Tammerkoski rapids. The main street of Tampere, Hämeenkatu, runs along the bridge, connecting the Kyttälä district to the western parts of the city center. Hä ...
bridge. Also along Hämeenkatu is the longest street in the city center, Satakunnankatu, which extends from Rautatienkatu to Amuri, which crosses Tammerkoski along the Satakunnansilta bridge. The Tampere Central Square is located on the western shore of Tammerkoski, close to Hämeensilta. The traffic center of Tampere is the intersection of Itsenäisyydenkatu, Teiskontie, Sammonkatu, Kalevanpuisto park street, and Kaleva and Liisankallio districts.


Neighbourhoods and other subdivisions

The city of Tampere is divided into seven subdivisions, each of which includes the many districts and their suburbs. There are a total of 111 statistical areas in Tampere. However, the statistical areas made for Tampere's statistics do not fully correspond to the Tampere district division or the residents' perception of the districts, as the Amuri,
Kyttälä Kyttälä is a district in Tampere, Finland. It was born in the late 1870s as a working-class neighborhood to the eastern outskirts of the town. As Tampere soon expanded, Kyttälä is now a part of the city center between the Tammerkoski river an ...
and Tammela districts, for example, are divided into two parts corresponding to the official district division, and in addition to this, Liisankallio and Kalevanrinne are often considered to belong to the Kaleva district.


Climate

Tampere has a Subarctic climate (
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
''Dfc'') bordering the
Humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
''Dfb'' climate zone. Winters are cold and the average temperature from December to February is below . Summers are cool to warm. On average, snow cover lasts 4–5 months from late November to early April. Considering it being close to the subarctic threshold and inland, winters are, on average, quite mild for the classification, as is the annual mean temperature.


Temperature records of Tampere

Temperature records of Tampere and the near-by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport: Highest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980: Lowest temperatures in Tampere: Lowest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980:


Cityscape


Revival and nationalism

Tampere has buildings from many architectural periods. Only the old stone church of Messukylä represents
medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
building culture. Early 19th century neoclassicism, in turn, is represented by the Tampere Old Church and its belfry. The Gothic Revival buildings in Tampere that emerged from neoclassicism are the new Messukylä Church and the Alexander Church, and the
Renaissance Revival Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range o ...
buildings are the Hatanpää Manor, the
Tampere City Hall The Tampere City Hall ( fi, Tampereen Raatihuone; sv, Tammerfors rådhus) is a Neo-Renaissance building in Tampere, Finland, situated at the edge of the Tampere Central Square. The current city hall was built in 1890 and was designed by Georg Sc ...
, the Ruuskanen House and Näsilinna. The romantic nationalism design can be seen in the Commerce House, the Tirkkonen House, the Palander House, the
Tampere Cathedral Tampere Cathedral ( fi, Tampereen tuomiokirkko, sv, Tammerfors domkyrka; originally known as St. John's Church) is a Lutheran church in Tampere, Finland, and the seat of the Diocese of Tampere. The building was designed in the National Romantic s ...
, the Tampere Central Fire Station and the National Bank Building in Tampere. At an early stage, the use of
red brick A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term ''brick'' denotes a block composed of dried clay, but is now also used informally to denote other chemically cured cons ...
as a material in the industrial buildings along Tammerkoski, such as the Finlayson and Tampella factories, has left a strong imaginary mark on the city.


Functionalism and modernism

Post- Art Nouveau classicism was largely Nordic, during which the Laikku Culture House, Hotel Tammer, the Tuulensuu House and the Viinikka Church were built in Tampere. After functionalism became the prevailing style in the 1930s, the
Tampere Central Station Tampere Central Station is a functionalist building in Tampere, Finland, designed by Eero Seppälä and Otto Flodin, completed in 1936. The station is one of the most important railway stations in Finland. In 2015, the Tampere Central Station was ...
, the Tempo House, a bus station and the Kauppi Hospital were built in Tampere. There is no single accepted designation for the post-war style, but the key representatives of the reconstruction period are the Bank of Finland House, the Amurinlinna House and the Pyynikki Swimming Hall. The rationalist buildings of the modernist period are represented by the
University of Tampere The University of Tampere (UTA) ( fi, Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), ) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019. The university offered u ...
, the Tampere Central Hospital, Sampola, the School of Economics, Ratina Stadium and the Kaleva Church. After this, diverse modernism will be represented by, among others, the Metso Main Library, the Hervanta Operations Center, the
Tampere Hall sv, Tammerforshuset , image = Tampere-talo panorama 2014.jpg , caption = Tampere Hall in June 2014 , former_names = , building_type = , architectural_style = Postmodernism , structural_system = , ...
, the university extension and
Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
's office building in Hatanpää. The city center of Tampere and also its western parts have been developed in a more modern direction since the 2010s, and the city aims to get the center to take on its future form by the 2030s. Plans have been drawn up for the Central Station area in particular in the form of the "Tampere Deck" project, in connection with which a new multi-purpose arena and high-rise buildings have been sent to the area. A light rail network has also been recently built in the downtown area.
Artificial island An artificial island is an island that has been constructed by people rather than formed by natural means. Artificial islands may vary in size from small islets reclaimed solely to support a single pillar of a building or structure to those th ...
projects are planned on the shores of the lakes, which would create new
residential area A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family resi ...
s for several thousand inhabitants. The projects are estimated to cost several billion euros.


Economy

The Tampere region,
Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tampere Region'' in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme an ...
, which includes outlying municipalities, has around 509,000 residents, 244,000 employed people, and a turnover of 28 billion euros . According to the Tampere International Business Office, the area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. Unemployment rate was 15.7% in August 2020. 70% of the areas jobs are in the service sector. Less than 20% are in the manufacturing sector. 34.5% of employed people live outside the Tampere municipality and commute to Tampere for work. Meanwhile, 15.6% of Tampere's residents work outside Tampere. In 2014 the largest employers were Kesko, Pirkanmaan Osuuskauppa,
Alma Media Alma Media Oyj is a Finnish media and digital service business company. Its best known products are ''Iltalehti'', ''Kauppalehti'', ''Talouselämä'', and . In addition to news services, the company's products provide information related to li ...
and Posti Group. According to a study carried out by the Synergos Research and Training Center of the
University of Tampere The University of Tampere (UTA) ( fi, Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), ) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019. The university offered u ...
, the total impact of tourism in the Tampere region in 2012 was more than 909 million euros. Tourism also brought 4,805 person-years to the region. The biggest single attraction in Tampere is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which had about 630,000 visitors in 2016. In addition, in 2015, 1,021,151 overnight stays were made in Tampere
hotel A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a re ...
s. The number exceeded the previous record year with more than 20,000 overnight stays. All that makes Tampere the second most popular city in Finland after Helsinki in terms of hotel stays. Leisure tourism accounted for 55,4% of overnight stays and occupational tourism for 43,2%. The occupancy rate of all accommodation establishments with more than 20 rooms was 57,0%, while that of accommodation establishments in the whole country was 48,3%. Tampere's economic profit in 2015 was the worst of big Finnish cities. In 2016 the loss of the fiscal year was 18,8 million euros. In the city's economy, the largest revenues come from taxes and government contributions. In 2015, the city received 761 million euros in municipal
tax revenue Tax revenue is the income that is collected by governments through taxation. Taxation is the primary source of government revenue. Revenue may be extracted from sources such as individuals, public enterprises, trade, royalties on natural resour ...
. In addition, 61,4 million euros came from corporate taxes and 64 million euros from
property tax A property tax or millage rate is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.In the OECD classification scheme, tax on property includes "taxes on immovable property or net wealth, taxes on the change of ownership of property through inhe ...
es. Tax revenues have not increased as expected in the 2010s, although the city's population has increased. This has been affected by high
unemployment Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the refere ...
. Tampere is headquarters for
Bronto Skylift Bronto * Bronto, an unofficial unit prefix, used to represent anything from 1015 to 1027 bytes, most often 1027 * Bronto Software, a software company * "Bronto-" a prefix used in the classification of many large animals, such as ''Brontosaurus'' ...
, an aerial rescue and aerial work platform manufacturer.


Energy

In 2013, Tampereen Energiantuotanto, which is part of the Tampereen Sähkölaitos Group, generated 1,254 GWh of
electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as describ ...
and 2,184 GWh of
district heating District heating (also known as heat networks or teleheating) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location through a system of insulated pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating a ...
. The two units of the Naistenlahti's
power plant A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the electricity generation, generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an el ...
generated a total of about 65% and the
Lielahti Lielahti ( sv, Lielax) is a suburb in the city of Tampere, Finland, with important industrial and commercial facilities. Lielahti was annexed to the city in 1950 from Ylöjärvi parish. Lielahti lies about 7 kilometres west from the city centre. ...
's power plant about 30% of the electricity production. In district heating production, the Naistenlahti power plant units accounted for 57% and the Lielahti power plant for 23%. Tampere's ten heating centers accounted for 21%. In 2013, the share of
natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
in energy production was about 65%. Wood and
peat Peat (), also known as turf (), is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs. The peatland ecosystem covers and is the most efficient ...
accounted for about 17%. In addition,
hydropower Hydropower (from el, ὕδωρ, "water"), also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the gravitational potential or kinetic energy of a w ...
and
oil An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated ...
were used. Emissions from energy production have decreased in the 21st century due to the growth of renewable forms of production and the modernization of the Naistenlahti plant. In 2013, approximately 669,000 tonnes of
carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide ( chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is trans ...
emissions and 297 tonnes of sulfur dioxide emissions were generated.


Water and waste management

66,5% of Tampere's domestic water is surface water and 33,5%
groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available freshwater in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated ...
. 58% of the water was diverted to economic use and 13% to industrial use. In addition to Tampere, Tampereen Vesi manages water in
Pirkkala Pirkkala (; sv, Birkala) is a municipality of Finland. It is located some south-west from Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is , which makes ...
. Almost all surface water comes from Lake Roine. In addition, Tampereen Vesi has four surface water plants in Lake Näsijärvi and five groundwater intakes. Tampereen Vesi is 96% responsible for the wastewater of Tampere,
Kangasala Kangasala is a city in Finland which is situated about 16 kilometres East of Tampere. The city was founded in 1865 and had a population of people as of . Kangasala covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Finnish auth ...
, Pirkkala and
Ylöjärvi Ylöjärvi () is a town and a municipality in the Pirkanmaa region, northwest of Tampere and north of the capital city Helsinki in Finland. The town has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . ...
. In 2012, a total of 31,9 million cubic meters of
wastewater Wastewater is water generated after the use of freshwater, raw water, drinking water or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes. Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial ...
was treated in Tampere. The Viinikanlahti treatment plant treats more than 75% of wastewater. Pirkanmaan Jätehuolto handles
waste management Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitorin ...
in Tampere. It has waste treatment facilities in
Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
's Lake Koukkujärvi and Tampere's Lake Tarastenjärvi.


Demographics

Tampere has 238,671 inhabitants, making it the third most populous municipality in Finland and the tenth in the Nordics. The Tampere region, which has 410,689 inhabitants, is the second largest urban area after
Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
. 8.6% of the population has a foreign background, which is lower than Helsinki and
Turku Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a city and former capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (''Varsinais-Suomi'') and the former Turku and Pori Province (''Turun ja Porin lääni''; ...
but higher than Oulu. The demographic structure of Tampere shows the city's position as a very popular place to study, as the number of young adults is clearly higher than in other municipalities in the region. At the end of 2012, the population
dependency ratio The dependency ratio is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force (the ''dependent'' part ages 0 to 14 and 65+) and those typically in the labor force (the ''productive'' part ages 15 to 64). It is used to measure the press ...
was 45. About 17,3% of the population was over 65 years of age. Just over half of the population is women, as in the whole country. The population is fairly educated, with two-thirds of those over 15 having completed post-primary education. Tampere is Finland's largest monolingual Finnish-speaking municipality. In 2021, 1,321 Swedish-speakers lived in Tampere, ie their share of the Tampere population was about half a per cent. This is the second largest number of Swedish-speakers in monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities after
Kaarina Kaarina (; sv, S:t Karins, i.e. " Saint Catherine's") is a small town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Southwest Finland region and is a neighbouring town of Turku, which is the capital of Southwest Finland, therefore Kaarina ...
. Kaarina and Tampere are also the only monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities with a separate Swedish-speaking congregation. In 1900, Swedish-speakers accounted for more than six per cent of Tampere's population and in 1950 for less than two per cent. Speakers of languages other than Finnish or Swedish account for 8.5% of the population, similar to the national average of 8.3%. The most spoken languages among them are
Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
(1.3%),
Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
(1.0%),
Farsi Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken an ...
(0.8%) and
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
(0.6%). At the end of 2018, there were a total of 140,039 dwellings in Tampere, of which 127,639 were permanently inhabited and 12,400 were not permanently inhabited. Of these, 74% were
apartment building An apartment (American English), or flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story. There are ma ...
s, 14
detached house A stand-alone house (also called a single-detached dwelling, detached residence or detached house) is a free-standing residential building. It is sometimes referred to as a single-family home, as opposed to a multi-family residential dwelli ...
s, 10
terraced house In architecture and city planning, a terrace or terraced house ( UK) or townhouse ( US) is a form of medium-density housing that originated in Europe in the 16th century, whereby a row of attached dwellings share side walls. In the United State ...
s and 2% other residential buildings. Between 2002 and 2020, more than 40,000 new apartments have been completed in Tampere. Living space has been growing for a long time, although growth virtually came to a halt after 2008. The average living space at the end of 2012 was about 36,8 m2 per inhabitant, compared to about 19,2 m2 in 1970 and about 31,8 m2 in 1990. The average population of a dwelling in 2012 was about 1,8 inhabitants. For more than ten years, Tampere has been one of the most migratory municipalities, as in January–September 2021, more than 1,930 new residents moved to Tampere.
Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
,
Kangasala Kangasala is a city in Finland which is situated about 16 kilometres East of Tampere. The city was founded in 1865 and had a population of people as of . Kangasala covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Finnish auth ...
and Lempäälä, which are among Tampere's neighboring municipalities, have also been identified as the most migratory municipalities, which rose to the list of the 20 most attractive municipalities. Even during
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identi ...
, Tampere has become Finland's most attractive area for internal migration, as Tampere gained the most migration gains in 2020.


Urban areas

In 2019, out of the total population of 238,140, 231,648 people lived in
urban areas An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, ...
and 3,132 in sparsely populated areas, while the coordinates of 3,360 people were unknown. This made Tampere's degree of urbanization 98.7%. The urban population in the municipality was divided between three statistical urban areas as follows:


Education

The
comprehensive education Comprehensive may refer to: * Comprehensive layout, the page layout of a proposed design as initially presented by the designer to a client. *Comprehensive school, a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement ...
is given mainly in Finnish but the city has special bilingual groups where students study in Finnish and a second language (
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
, French or
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
). Furthermore, there is a private Swedish-speaking school in the Kaakinmaa district (Swedish Svenska samskolan i Tammerfors) that covers all levels of education from
preschool A preschool, also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, or play school or creche, is an educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary sch ...
to
high school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
. There are three institutions of higher education in the Tampere area totaling 40,000 students: the university and two polytechnic institutions ( fi, ammattikorkeakoulu).
Tampere University Tampere University (, shortened TAU) is a Finnish university that was established on 1 January, 2019 as a merger between the University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology. The new university is also the major shareholder of Tampere U ...
(TUNI) has over 20,000 students and is located in two campuses, one in the Kalevanharju district, close to the city centre, and one in
Hervanta Hervanta is a large suburb, or satellite city, of Tampere in Finland, located next to Hallila some 10 km south of the city centre. Home to a population of over 26,000, Hervanta is best known for its prefabricated blocks of flats. The total ...
, in the southern part of the city. The institution was formed in 2019 as a result of the merge of
University of Tampere The University of Tampere (UTA) ( fi, Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), ) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019. The university offered u ...
(UTA) and
Tampere University of Technology Tampere University of Technology (TUT) ( fi, Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto (TTY)) was Finland's second-largest university in engineering sciences. The university was located in Hervanta, a suburb of Tampere. It was merged with the University o ...
(TUT). TUNI is also the major shareholder of the Tampere University of Applied Sciences (''Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu'', TAMK), a polytechnic counting about 10,000 students. The Police University College, the polytechnic institution serving all of Finland in its field of specialization, is also located in Tampere.
Tampere University Hospital Tampere University Hospital ( fi, Tampereen yliopistollinen sairaala, TAYS, sv, Tammerfors universitetssjukhus) is a teaching hospital of Tampere University along Teiskontie at the Kauppi district in Tampere, Finland. It serves as one of the mai ...
(''Tampereen yliopistollinen sairaala'', TAYS) in the Kauppi district, one of the main hospitals in Finland, is affiliated with Tampere University. It is a teaching hospital with 34 medical specializations. The Nurmi district in the northern part of city also houses the Tampere Christian School (''Tampereen kristillinen koulu''), which operates on a co- Christian basis and is maintained by the Adventist Church of Finland, offering free basic education based on Christian basic values and outlook on life for all grades of primary school.


Arts and culture

Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as
Väinö Linna Väinö Linna (; 20 December 1920 – 21 April 1992) was a Finnish author. He gained literary fame with his third novel, ''Tuntematon sotilas'' ( ''The Unknown Soldier'', published in 1954), and consolidated his position with the trilogy ''Tää ...
, Kalle Päätalo, and Hannu Salama, hail from Tampere. These authors are known particularly as writers depicting the lives of working-class people, thanks to their respective backgrounds as members of the working class. Also from such a background was the poet Lauri Viita of the Pispala district, which was also the original home of the aforementioned Hannu Salama. On 1 October, Tampere celebrates the annual Tampere Day ( fi, Tampereen päivä), which hosts a variety of public events.


Media

Tampere is a strong ''media city'', as the television center in Tohloppi and Ristimäki districts has had a nationwide
Yle TV2 Yle TV2 ( fi, Yle TV Kaksi; sv, Yle TV Två) is a Finnish television channel owned and operated by Yle. TV2 was launched in 1965 as the successor to the former television channels TES-TV (Tesvisio) and Tamvisio, and broadcasts public service ...
television channel since the 1970s, and Finnish radio, for example, began in Tampere when Arvi Hauvonen founded the first broadcasting station in 1923. Yle TV2 has its roots in Tamvisio, which was transferred to
Yleisradio Yleisradio Oy (Finnish, literally "General Radio Ltd." or "General Broadcast Ltd."; abbr. Yle ; sv, Rundradion Ab, italics=no), translated to English as the Finnish Broadcasting Company, is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founde ...
in 1964. ''Kakkoskanava'' ("Channel 2") has been a major influence in Tampere, and several well-known television programs and series have been shot in the city, such as TV comedies ''
Tankki täyteen ''Tankki täyteen'' (literal translation "Filling the Tank") is a Finnish sitcom television series produced by Yle. The series was written by Neil Hardwick and Jussi Tuominen and was directed by Esko Leimu together with Neil Hardwick. It was o ...
'', '' Reinikainen'' and '' Kummeli''. The
Ruutu+ Nelonen Media is a Finnish commercial broadcasting company owned by Sanoma Media Finland, which is a part of Sanoma group. History Operations Free-to-air television channels * Nelonen (and high definition simulcast channel Nelonen HD) * Jim * ...
streaming service's popular crime drama television series ''
Lakeside Murders ''Lakeside Murders'' ( fi, Koskinen) is a Finnish crime drama and Nordic noir television series created by and starring Eero Aho. The series is based on the ''Koskinen'' book series by Seppo Jokinen and follows Inspector Sakari Koskinen and hi ...
'' ( fi, Koskinen), based on the ''Koskinen'' book series by Seppo Jokinen, is also produced and filmed in Tampere. The
Tampere Film Festival The Tampere Film Festival ( fi, Tampereen elokuvajuhlat) is a short film festival held every March, mostly at the Finnkino Plevna movie theatre, in Tampere, Finland. It is accredited by the film producers' society FIAPF, and together with the shor ...
, an annual international short film event, is held every March. Tampere has also served as a filming location for international film productions, most notably the 1993 British comedy film '' The Big Freeze'' and the 2022 American sci-fi film '' Dual''. In 2014, ''
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
'', which was published in Tampere and was founded in 1881, was the third largest newspaper in Finland in terms of circulation, after '' Helsingin Sanomat'' and '' Ilta-Sanomat''. The circulation of the magazine was 106,842 (2014). In addition, a free city newspaper '' Tamperelainen'' (literally translated "Tamperean", meaning person who live in Tampere) will be published in the city. In November 2016, the ''Tamperelainen'' was awarded the second best city newspaper in Finland. The city is also known as the home of the popular
Hydraulic Press Channel The Hydraulic Press Channel (HPC) is a YouTube channel operated by Finnish workshop owner Lauri Vuohensilta. Launched in October 2015, the channel publishes videos of various objects being crushed in a 140-ton hydraulic press. On 31 October 201 ...
on YouTube, which originates from a machine shop owned by Lauri Vuohensilta.


Food

A local food speciality is '' mustamakkara'', which resembles the
black pudding , type = , course = , place_of_origin = Great Britain and Ireland , region =England, Ireland, Scotland , associated_cuisine = United Kingdom and Ireland , creator = , year = , mintime = , maxtime = , served = Hot, occasionally ...
of northern England. It is a black sausage made by mixing pork, pig's blood and crushed rye and flour and is stuffed into the intestines of an animal. It is commonly eaten with
lingonberry ''Vaccinium vitis-idaea'', the lingonberry, partridgeberry, mountain cranberry or cowberry, is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family Ericaceae, that bears edible fruit. It is native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Norther ...
sauce. Especially Tammelantori square in the district of Tammela is known for its ''mustamakkara'' kiosks. A newer Tampere tradition are ''munkki'', fresh sugary doughnuts that are sold in several cafés around Tampere, but most traditionally in Pyynikki observation tower. One of the specialties of Tampere's local barbecue dishes include the peremech ( fi, pärämätsi) based on traditional
Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary
is an umbrella term for different
food. It is a pie reminiscent of Karelian pasty with seasoned
ground meat Ground meat, called mince or minced meat outside North America, is meat finely chopped by a meat grinder or a chopping knife. A common type of ground meat is ground beef, but many other types of meats are prepared in a similar fashion, incl ...
inside. In the 1980s, in addition to ''mustamakkara'' and barley bread, the old parish dish of Tampere was also called a potato soup, home-made
small beer Small beer (also known as small ale or table beer) is a lager or ale that contains a lower amount of alcohol by volume than most others, usually between 0.5% and 2.8%. Sometimes unfiltered and porridge-like, it was a favoured drink in Medieval Eu ...
(''kotikalja''), a sweetened lingonberry porridge and a sweetened potato casserole (''Imelletty perunalaatikko''). Since 1991, the two-day
fish market A fish market is a marketplace for selling fish and fish products. It can be dedicated to wholesale trade between fishermen and fish merchants, or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of wet ma ...
event (''Tampereen kalamarkkinat'') in Laukontori attracts as many as 80,000–100,000 visitors in year, and is held both in the spring on '' vappu'' and in the autumn on Tampere Day.


Music

Tampere is home to the
Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra The Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra ( Finnish:''Tampere Filharmonia'') is a Finnish orchestra based in Tampere. Founded in 1930, and maintained by the municipality of Tampere since 1947, the orchestra is currently based in the Tampere Hall. The ...
(''Tampere Filharmonia''), which is one of only two full-sized symphony orchestras in Finland; the other one is located in
Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
. The orchestra's home venue is the
Tampere Hall sv, Tammerforshuset , image = Tampere-talo panorama 2014.jpg , caption = Tampere Hall in June 2014 , former_names = , building_type = , architectural_style = Postmodernism , structural_system = , ...
, and their concerts include classical, popular, and film music.
Tampere Music Festivals The Tampere Music Festivals organises three music events in the city of Tampere, Finland. Tampere Jazz Happening The Tampere Jazz Happenitakes place every November, bringing together friends of modern jazz. It was first held in 1982. The uncomprom ...
organises three international music events: The Tampere Jazz Happening each November, and in alternate years The Tampere Vocal Music Festival and the Tampere Biennale. Professional education in many fields of classical music, including performing arts, pedagogic arts, and composition, is provided by Tampere University of Applied Sciences and Tampere
Conservatoire A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music. Such an institution can also be known as a school of music, music academy, music faculty, college of music, music department (of a larger ins ...
. Tammerfest, Tampere's urban rock festival, is held every July. The Blockfest, which also takes place in Tampere during the summer months, is the largest hip hop event in the Nordic countries. The Tampere Floral Festival is an annual event, held each Summer. ''Manserock'' became a general term for rock music from Tampere, which was essentially rock music with Finnish lyrics. Manserock was especially popular during the 1970s and 1980s, and its most popular artists included Juice Leskinen, Virtanen, Kaseva,
Popeda Popeda is a Finnish rock band hailing from Tampere and one of the staples of Manserock. Epe Helenius, who signed the band for Poko Rekords in 1977, called the band "Finnish Rolling Stones". Musically their style is a combination of rock 'n' ...
, and
Eppu Normaali Eppu Normaali is one of the most popular rock bands in Finland. The band formed in 1976 in Ylöjärvi, a small town near Tampere. The band is the best-selling music artist in Finland, with certified sales of nearly two million records, and it ...
. In 1977, Poko Rekords, the first record company in Tampere, was founded. In the 2010s, there has been a lot of popular musical activity in Tampere, particularly in the fields of rock and heavy/black metal; one of the most important metal music events in Tampere is the Sauna Open Air Metal Festival. Some of the most popular bands based in Tampere include Negative, Uniklubi, and
Lovex Lovex is a rock band from Tampere, Finland. History Lovex started officially in 2001–2002, when several musicians who had previously played in other bands, decided to start their own band to play rock music and have fun. By 2004 they had wr ...
. Tampere also has an active electronic music scene. Tampere hosts an annual World of Tango Festival (''Maailmantango''), which is one of the most significant tango events in Finland next to the Tangomarkkinat of Seinäjoki.


Theatre

Tampere has a lengthy tradition of theater, with established institutions such as Tampereen Työväen Teatteri, Tampereen Teatteri, and Pyynikin Kesäteatteri, which is an open-air theatre with the oldest revolving auditorium in Europe. The longest-running directors of the Tampereen Teatteri include Eino Salmelainen and Rauli Lehtonen, and the Tampereen Työväen Teatteri has Kosti Elo, Eino Salmelainen and
Lasse Pöysti Lasse Erik Pöysti (24 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a Finnish actor, director, theatre manager and writer. He was born in Sortavala. Biography Pöysti began his career as a child actor, becoming known to the Finnish public as Olli Suomin ...
. The Tampere Theatre Festival (''Tampereen teatterikesä'') is an international theatre festival held in the city each August. Tampere also has the Tampere Opera, founded in 1946. Tampere's other professional theaters are Teatteri Siperia; restaurant theater Teatteripalatsi; Teatteri Telakka, known for its artistic experiments; Ahaa Teatteri, which specializes in children's and young people's plays; puppet theater Teatteri Mukamas, and Tanssiteatteri MD, specializes in contemporary dance performances. In addition, there are also three cinemas in Tampere: two Finnkino's theaters, Cine Atlas and Plevna, and private Arthouse Cinema Niagara, which serves as the main venue for the Cinemadrome Festival, which presents horror,
action Action may refer to: * Action (narrative), a literary mode * Action fiction, a type of genre fiction * Action game, a genre of video game Film * Action film, a genre of film * ''Action'' (1921 film), a film by John Ford * ''Action'' (1980 fil ...
,
sci-fi Science fiction (sometimes shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel universe ...
,
trash Trash may refer to: Garbage * Garbage, unwanted or undesired waste material ** Litter, material discarded in inappropriate places ** Municipal solid waste, unwanted or undesired waste material generated in a municipal environment Arts, enter ...
, and other cult films. Local cinemas also included the historic
Imatra Imatra is a town and municipality in southeastern Finland. Imatra is dominated by Lake Saimaa, the Vuoksi River and the border with Russia. On the other side of the border, away from the centre of Imatra, lies the Russian town of Svetogorsk. ...
, formerly located in the
Kyttälä Kyttälä is a district in Tampere, Finland. It was born in the late 1870s as a working-class neighborhood to the eastern outskirts of the town. As Tampere soon expanded, Kyttälä is now a part of the city center between the Tammerkoski river an ...
district, which was completely destroyed on a fire in the midst of a 1924 film ''
Wages of Virtue ''Wages of Virtue'' is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Allan Dwan and written by Forrest Halsey and Percival Christopher Wren. The film stars Gloria Swanson, Ben Lyon, Norman Trevor, Ivan Linow, Armand Cortes, Adrienne D'Ambrico ...
'' on 23 October 1927, killing 21 people.


Religion

As is the case with most of the rest of Finland, most Tampere citizens belong to the
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland ( fi, Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko; sv, Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) is a national church of Finland. It is part of the Lutheran branch of Christianity. The church has a legal positio ...
. One Lutheran church in Tampere is Finlayson Church in the district by the same name. Tampere also has a variety of other religious services spanning from traditional to charismatic. There are also some English speaking services, such as the Tampere English Service, an international community affiliated with the (''Tampereen helluntaiseurakunta''). English services of the International Congregation of Christ the King (ICCK) are organized by the Anglican Church in Finland and the Lutheran Parishes of Tampere. The Catholic parish of the Holy Cross also offers services in Finnish, Polish and English. Other churches may also have English speaking ministries. Tampere is the center of a
LDS LDS may refer to: Organizations * LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, US Religion * Latter Day Saint movement (LDS movement), a collection of independent church groups **The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the largest group within t ...
stake (diocese). Other churches in Tampere are the Baptist Church, the Evangelical Free Church, the
Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland The Mission Diocese, officially the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland, ( fi, Suomen evankelisluterilainen lähetyshiippakunta, sv, Evangelisk-lutherska missionsstiftet i Finland) is an independent confessional Lutheran "ecclesial s ...
, the
Finnish Orthodox Church The Orthodox Church of Finland ( fi, Suomen ortodoksinen kirkko, lit=Finnish Orthodox Church; sv, Ortodoxa kyrkan i Finland, lit=Orthodox Church in Finland; ) is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox archdiocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Const ...
and the Nokia Revival. There was an organized Jewish community until 1981. Though a small number of Jews remain in Tampere, organized communal life ended at that time. There are three registered Muslim communities in Tampere. The biggest of them being Tampere Islam Society with over 1500 members.


City rivalry with Turku

Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of
Turku Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a city and former capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (''Varsinais-Suomi'') and the former Turku and Pori Province (''Turun ja Porin lääni''; ...
, the first capital of Finland, and they tend to compete for the title of being the "second grand city of Finland" after
Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
. This rivalry is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, '' mustamakkara'', the state of the Aura River in Turku, and the regional accents. Tampere is well known as a food destination because of its food culture. Since 1997, students at Tampere have made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the
post-glacial rebound Post-glacial rebound (also called isostatic rebound or crustal rebound) is the rise of land masses after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, which had caused isostatic depression. Post-glacial rebound ...
and push the city back into the
Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and ...
.


Main sights

One of the main tourist attractions is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which includes the landmark Näsinneula tower, topped by a
revolving restaurant A revolving restaurant or rotating restaurant is usually a tower restaurant eating space designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a large turntable. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on ...
. In addition to these, it used to house a
dolphinarium A dolphinarium is an aquarium for dolphins. The dolphins are usually kept in a pool, though occasionally they may be kept in pens in the open sea, either for research or public performances. Some dolphinariums consist of one pool where dolphins pe ...
. Other sites of interest are
Tampere Cathedral Tampere Cathedral ( fi, Tampereen tuomiokirkko, sv, Tammerfors domkyrka; originally known as St. John's Church) is a Lutheran church in Tampere, Finland, and the seat of the Diocese of Tampere. The building was designed in the National Romantic s ...
,
Tampere City Hall The Tampere City Hall ( fi, Tampereen Raatihuone; sv, Tammerfors rådhus) is a Neo-Renaissance building in Tampere, Finland, situated at the edge of the Tampere Central Square. The current city hall was built in 1890 and was designed by Georg Sc ...
, Tampere Central Library ''Metso'' (" Capercaillie"), Kaleva Church (both designed by Reima Pietilä), the Tampere Hall (along Hämeenkatu) for conferences and concerts, the
Tampere Market Hall Tampere Market Hall ( fi, Tampereen kauppahalli; sv, Tammerfors saluhall) is one of the significant market places in Tampere, Finland. It is located in the center of city, between Hämeenkatu and Hallituskatu, and it was opened in 1901. It was ...
and historical Pyynikki observation tower. Tampere has at least seven
hotel A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a re ...
s, the most noteworthy of which are Hotel Tammer,
Hotel Ilves Hotel Ilves (officially Sokos Hotel Ilves) is an 18-storey hotel in the centre of Tampere, Finland. It was designed by architect Maunu Kitunen and was completed in 1986. The hotel has a total of 336 guest rooms and five restaurants. At tall, the ...
, and
Hotel Torni Hotel Torni () is a historical hotel located in Kamppi, Helsinki, Finland, and a part of the Sokos Hotels hotel chain. When opened in 1931, it became the tallest building in Finland, a position it maintained until the completion of the new Nes ...
, the tallest hotel building in Finland. The Holiday Club Tampere
spa A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (and sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments, which are also known as balneoth ...
is also located in the Lapinniemi district on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi. There are also many significant
shopping center A shopping center (American English) or shopping centre (Commonwealth English), also called a shopping complex, shopping arcade, shopping plaza or galleria, is a group of shops built together, sometimes under one roof. The first known collec ...
s in the city center of Tampere and its suburbs; the most notable shopping centers are Ratina,
Koskikeskus Koskikeskus (literally ''Rapids Center'' in Finnish) is a neighbourhood in the Tuira area in the city of Oulu, Finland. The neighbourhood is located in the estuary of the river Oulujoki. The Tuira Bridges in Koskikeskus connect the city centre an ...
, DUO,
Like In English, the word ''like'' has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard. It can be used as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, particle, conjunction, hedge, filler, and quotative. Uses Comparisons ' ...
, and
Tullintori Tullintori is a shopping center located in Tulli, Tampere, Finland. The largest of the two owners of the shopping center is Elo Mutual Pension Insurance Company, who own 97%.
. Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to
Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...
. The museum is housed in the
Tampere Workers' Hall Tampere Workers' Hall (also known as the Puistotorni, ''The Park Tower'') is a conference and congress centre in Kaakinmaa, Tampere, Finland, located in the corner between Hämeenpuisto and Hallituskatu. It was built in 1900 by the Tampere Worke ...
(along Hallituskatu) where during a subsequent
Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
conference in the city, Lenin met
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
for the first time. Lenin moved to Tampere in August 1905, but eventually fled for
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
in November 1907 when being pursued by the Russian
Okhrana The Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (russian: Отделение по охранению общественной безопасности и порядка), usually called Guard Department ( rus, Охранное отд ...
. Lenin would not return to any part of the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
until ten years later, when he heard of the start of the
Russian Revolution of 1917 The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and adopt a socialist form of government ...
. There are many museums and galleries, including: * The
Vapriikki Museum Centre The Vapriikki Museum Centre (Finnish language, Finnish: ''Museokeskus Vapriikki'') is a cluster of museums operating in the old factory premises of Tampella, in Tampere, Finland. The name ''Vapriikki'' derives from the Swedish language, Swedish ...
which includes the
Natural History Museum of Tampere Tampere Natural History Museum is a natural history museum in Tampere, Finland. It is based in the Vapriikki Museum Centre. It shows animals of Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tampere Region'' i ...
,
Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame The Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame is housed in and administered by the ('Finnish Ice Hockey Museum'), a part of the Vapriikki Museum Centre, in Tampere, Finland. The was founded in 1979 with the mission to record, document, and exhibit objects, ...
, Finnish Museum of Games, Post Museum and the ''Shoe Museum'' * Hatanpää Manor and Hatanpää Arboretum * The Näsilinna Palace * Tampere Art Museum *
Tampere Lenin Museum The Tampere Lenin Museum ( fi, Lenin-museo) is a museum devoted to Vladimir Lenin in Tampere, Finland. It was established in 1946 by the Finland–Soviet Union Society, and today it is run by The Finnish Labour Museum Werstas. It was the first ...
* The Moomin Museum, about
Moomins The Moomins ( sv, Mumintroll) are the central characters in a series of novels, short stories, and a comic strip by Finnish writer and illustrator Tove Jansson, originally published in Swedish by Schildts in Finland. They are a family of white ...
* Rupriikki Media Museum * Spy Museum in Siperia * Workers' housing museum in Amuri. * Finland's largest glass sculpture, owned by the City of Tampere, " Pack Ice / The Mirror of the Sea" by the renowned artist
Timo Sarpaneva Timo Tapani Sarpaneva (31 October 1926 – 6 October 2006) was an influential Finnish designer, sculptor, and educator best known in the art world for innovative work in glass, which often merged attributes of display art objects with utilitaria ...
, was installed in the entrance lobby of the downtown shopping mall
KoskiKeskus Koskikeskus (literally ''Rapids Center'' in Finnish) is a neighbourhood in the Tuira area in the city of Oulu, Finland. The neighbourhood is located in the estuary of the river Oulujoki. The Tuira Bridges in Koskikeskus connect the city centre an ...
until it was moved to a warehouse.


Pispala

Pispala is a ridge located between the two lakes. It is divided into
Ylä-Pispala Pispala is a city area 2.5 km from the centre of Tampere, Finland. It is located on the northern slope of Pispalanharju, the highest esker in Finland. Together with Pyynikki, Pispala is widely considered the most beautiful area of Tampere ...
("Upper Pispala") and Ala-Pispala ("Lower Pispala"). It's the highest gravel ridge in the world, raising above Lake Pyhäjärvi and around above sea level. It was used to house the majority of industrial labour in the late 19th and early 20th century, when it was part of Suur-Pirkkala and its successor
Pohjois-Pirkkala Nokia () is a town and a municipality on the banks of the Nokianvirta River (part of the Kokemäki River) in the region of Pirkanmaa, some west of Tampere in Finland. The distance to Tampere Airport from Nokia is using road connections when ci ...
. It was a free area to be built upon by the working-class people working in Tampere factories. It joined Tampere in 1937. Currently it is a residential area undergoing significant redevelopment and together with neighbouring Pyynikki it forms an important historical area of Tampere.


Events


Sports

Tampere's sporting scene is mainly driven by
ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hock ...
. The first Finnish ice hockey match was played in Tampere, on the ice of
Pyhäjärvi Pyhäjärvi (1993–1995 ''Pyhäsalmi'') is a town and municipality in the south of Northern Ostrobothnia region, Finland. Pyhäjärvi also borders the Northern Savonia and Central Finland regions. The town belongs to the subregion of Nivala–Ha ...
. Tampere is nicknamed the hometown of Finnish ice hockey. Three exceptional ice hockey teams come from Tampere:
Tappara Tappara (; Finnish for "Battle axe") is a Finnish professional ice hockey team playing in the Liiga. They play at ''Tampere Deck Arena'' in Tampere, Finland. The team has won 18 Finnish league championships (1959, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, ...
,
Ilves Ilves (; Finnish for " Lynx") is a Finnish professional ice hockey team based in Tampere. They play in the Liiga at the Tampere Deck Arena. The colors of Ilves, green, yellow, and black, were taken from what was then the coat of arms of the city ...
and KOOVEE. Especially both Tappara and Ilves have had a great impact on Finnish ice hockey culture and are among the most successful teams in Finland; of these, Ilves was the first Tampere-based hockey team to win the 1935-1936 Finnish championship. The Finnish ice hockey museum, and the first ice hockey arena to be built in Finland, the Hakametsä arena, are both located in Tampere. Construction of a new main ice hockey arena,
Tampere Deck Arena Nokia Arena (originally Tampere Deck Arena, fi, Tampereen Kannen areena) is an indoor arena in Tampere, Finland. It hosts ice hockey games, including the 2022 Men's World Championship, and large cultural events. It is also the home arena of I ...
, began in 2018, and was first opened to the public on 3 December 2021, although the official opening date was on 15 December. The name of the new arena was supposed to be ''UROS LIVE'', but due to the financial difficulties of the sponsor behind it, the name was abandoned. After that,
Nokia Corporation Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
was chosen as the new sponsor on 19 November 2021, and the arena was renamed as ''Nokia Arena''. The arena served as the main venue for the
2022 IIHF World Championship The 2022 IIHF World Championship was hosted by Finland from 13 to 29 May 2022, as the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) announced on 19 May 2017 in Cologne, Germany. The host cities of the World Championships were Tampere and Helsinki, ...
. Like ice hockey,
association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
is also a popular sport in Tampere.
Ilves Ilves (; Finnish for " Lynx") is a Finnish professional ice hockey team based in Tampere. They play in the Liiga at the Tampere Deck Arena. The colors of Ilves, green, yellow, and black, were taken from what was then the coat of arms of the city ...
, the professional football club of Tampere, alone has over 4,000 players in its football teams, while Tampere boasts over 100 (mostly junior) football teams.
Basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...
is another popular sport in Tampere; the city has three basketball teams with big junior activity and one of them,
Tampereen Pyrintö Tampereen Pyrintö ry is a Finnish multi-sport club from Tampere. Pyrintö representatives have achieved several Olympic medals and other success. In the year 2017, Pyrintö has sport sections in cross-country skiing, basketball, ski jumping, w ...
, plays on the highest level (
Korisliiga The Korisliiga is the top-tier professional basketball league in Finland, comprising the top 12 teams of the country. In its current format, each team plays all other teams two times in the regular season, once at home and once away, for a total o ...
) and was the Finnish Champion in 2010, 2011, and 2014.
Tampere Saints Tampere Saints is an American football club in the city of Tampere, Finland. Its men's senior team currently play in American Football Association of Finland, SAJL second highest league Finnish 1st Division (American football), 1st division. H ...
is the
American football American football (referred to simply as football in the United States and Canada), also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, the team with ...
club in the city, that won division 2 in 2015 and plays in the
Maple League The Maple League of Universities, previously known as the U4, is an association of four universities in Canada. The four member institutions, Acadia University, Bishop's University, Mount Allison University, and St. Francis Xavier University, a ...
(division 1) in summer 2017. Tampere has a baseball and softball club, the Tampere Tigers, which plays in the top division of Finnish baseball. In addition to all of the above,
volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summ ...
,
wrestling Wrestling is a series of combat sports involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into martial arts, combat ...
and
boxing Boxing (also known as "Western boxing" or "pugilism") is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other for a predetermined ...
are also among Tampere's best-known sports. Tampere hosted some of the preliminaries for the
1952 Summer Olympics The 1952 Summer Olympics ( fi, Kesäolympialaiset 1952; sv, Olympiska sommarspelen 1952), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad ( fi, XV olympiadin kisat; sv, Den XV olympiadens spel) and commonly known as Helsinki 1952 ( sv, Helsin ...
, the
1965 World Ice Hockey Championships The 1965 Ice Hockey World Championships took place in Hakametsä, Tampere, Finland, 3–15 March. Eight teams took part, each playing each other once. The Soviets became world champions for the fifth time, winning all of their games. This also ...
and was co-host of the
EuroBasket 1967 The 1967 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1967, was the fifteenth FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA Europe. Venues First round Group A – Helsinki Group B – Tampere Knockout ...
. The city also hosted two
canoe sprint world championships The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). The World Cha ...
, in 1973 and 1983. In 1977, Tampere hosted the
World Rowing Junior Championships The World Rowing Junior Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). A rower or coxswain shall be classified as a Junior until 31 December of the year in which he reaches the age of 1 ...
and in 1995 the Senior
World Rowing Championships The World Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). It is a week-long event held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer and in non-Olympic years is the highlight of the ...
. Recently, Tampere was the host of the 10th
European Youth Olympic Festival The European Youth Olympic Festival (EYOF) is a biennial multi-sport event for youth (14 to 18 years old) athletes from the 50 member countries of the association of European Olympic Committees. The festival has a summer edition, held for the fir ...
on 17–25 July 2009 and the 2010 World Ringette Championships on 1–6 November at Hakametsä arena. Tampere will host the 2023
European Masters Games The European Masters Games (EMG) is a multi-sport event, consisting of summer sports, that is held every four years. The European Masters Games are owned by the International Masters Games Association ( IMGA), who also own the World Masters G ...
from 26 June to 9 July.


Concerts

Ratina Stadium of Tampere, in the district by the same name, has served as the venue for many of the most significant concerts, most notably in connection with the ''
Endless Forms Most Beautiful World Tour ''Endless Forms Most Beautiful World Tour'' was the sixth world tour by Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish, in support of their eighth studio album, '' Endless Forms Most Beautiful''. It was the first full tour featuring lead singer Floor ...
'' in 2015 by the band
Nightwish Nightwish is a Finnish symphonic metal band from Kitee. The band was formed in 1996 by lead songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and former lead singer Tarja Turunen. The band soon picked up drummer Jukka Neva ...
. Other noteworthy tours from other bands held at Ratina Stadium include
Iron Maiden Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. While fluid in the early years of the band, the lineup for most of the band's history has consisted of Harri ...
(''
Somewhere Back in Time World Tour Somewhere Back in Time World Tour was a concert tour by the Heavy metal music, heavy metal band Iron Maiden in 2008 and 2009, focused on the band's 1980s material, in particular songs from ''Powerslave'', ''Somewhere in Time (Iron Maiden album) ...
'', 2008),
Bruce Springsteen Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American singer and songwriter. He has released 21 studio albums, most of which feature his backing band, the E Street Band. Originally from the Jersey Shore, he is an originat ...
(''
Working on a Dream Tour The Working on a Dream Tour was a concert tour by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, which began in April 2009 and ended in November 2009. It followed the late January 2009 release of the album '' Working on a Dream''. This was the first ...
'', 2009),
AC/DC AC/DC (stylised as ACϟDC) are an Australian Rock music, rock band formed in Sydney in 1973 by Scottish-born brothers Malcolm Young, Malcolm and Angus Young. Their music has been variously described as hard rock, blues rock, and Heavy metal ...
(''
Black Ice World Tour The Black Ice World Tour was a 2008–2010 concert tour by Australian rock band AC/DC, in support of their fifteenth studio album ''Black Ice'', which was released on 20 October 2008. This tour had 8 legs around the world lasting more than 20 m ...
'', 2010),
Red Hot Chili Peppers Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American rock music, rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983, comprising vocalist Anthony Kiedis, bassist Flea (musician), Flea, drummer Chad Smith, and guitarist John Frusciante. Their music incorporates element ...
(''
I'm with You World Tour The I'm with You World Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock band, the Red Hot Chili Peppers in support of the band's tenth studio album, '' I'm with You''. It marked the band's first tour in four years and first with guitarist Josh K ...
'', 2012),
Bon Jovi Bon Jovi is an American Rock music, rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey. It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald (American musician), Hugh McD ...
('' Because We Can World Tour'', 2013),
Robbie Williams Robert Peter Williams (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer and songwriter. He found fame as a member of the pop group Take That from 1990 to 1995, and achieved commercial success after launching a solo career in 1996. His debut stud ...
(''
The Heavy Entertainment Show Tour The Heavy Entertainment Show Tour was the twelfth concert tour by British recording artist Robbie Williams, to support his album ''The Heavy Entertainment Show''. The tour began in England and travelled throughout Europe in Summer 2017, extend ...
'', 2017) and
Rammstein Rammstein (, "ramming stone") is a German Neue Deutsche Härte band formed in Berlin in 1994. The band's lineup—consisting of lead vocalist Till Lindemann, lead guitarist Richard Kruspe, rhythm guitarist Paul Landers, bassist Oliver Riedel, ...
(''
Rammstein Stadium Tour The Rammstein Stadium Tour is the seventh concert tour by German Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein, originally in support of their 2019 untitled studio album, but then ''Zeit'' as well in 2022 and 2023, with a total of 58 shows in 2019. It gr ...
'', 2019).


Transport

Tampere is an important railroad hub in Finland and there are direct railroad connections to, for example,
Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
,
Turku Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a city and former capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (''Varsinais-Suomi'') and the former Turku and Pori Province (''Turun ja Porin lääni''; ...
and the
Port of Turku The Port of Turku ( fi, Turun satama, sv, Åbo hamn) is a port located in the south-west of Finland, where the mainland meets the beginning of the Turku archipelago. Sited within Finland's sixth largest city, the port principally handles traffi ...
, Oulu,
Jyväskylä Jyväskylä () is a city and municipality in Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland. It is located about 150 km north-east from Tampere, the third largest city in Finland; and about 270 km north from Helsinki, the capital of ...
, and Pori. Every day about 150 trains with an annual total of 8 million passengers arrive and depart in the Tampere Central Railway Station, which is located in the city center. There are also frequent bus connections to destinations around Finland. To the south of Tampere, there is the
Tampere Ring Road The Tampere Ring Road (Finnish language, Finnish: ''Tampereen kehätie'') or former Finnish National Road 60 (Finnish: ''Kantatie 60'') is a ring road in Tampere sub-region, Finland. It leads (from west to east) from Ylöjärvi to Tampere, passing ...
, which is important for car traffic and which is part of Finnish highways number 3 (on the west side) and number 9 (on the east side). The main stretch of the ring road sees over 50,000 vehicles per day, and, according to the
ELY Centre The Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (ELY Centres, fi, elinkeino-, liikenne ja ympäristökeskus, ; sv, Närings- trafik- och miljöcentralen, ) are local offices of the Finnish government placed in each of the reg ...
of Pirkanmaa, the western part of the ring road is the busiest road in Finland, if highway and ring road connections in the
Helsinki metropolitan area Greater Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin seutu, Suur-Helsinki, Swedish: ''Helsingforsregionen'', ''Storhelsingfors'') is the metropolitan area surrounding Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. It includes the smaller Capital Region (''Pääkaupunkiseutu' ...
are excluded. There are also plans for another ring road project that would run from Pirkkala to Tampere's
Hervanta Hervanta is a large suburb, or satellite city, of Tampere in Finland, located next to Hallila some 10 km south of the city centre. Home to a population of over 26,000, Hervanta is best known for its prefabricated blocks of flats. The total ...
and possibly in the future to Kangasala. Teiskontie, which runs east of the city center, is part of Highway 12 in the direction of
Lahti Lahti (; sv, Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland. It is the capital of the region of Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) and its growing region is one of the main economic hubs of Finland. Lahti is situated on a bay at the southern e ...
. This highway also runs through the center of Tampere under the name
Paasikiven–Kekkosentie Paasikiven–Kekkosentie ("Paasikivi–Kekkonen Road"), or Rantaväylä, is a busy car traffic route located in Tampere, Finland, which serves as a regional transit road and a significant access route to the city center. It is a four-lane highway o ...
, below the downtown as the
Tampere Tunnel The Tampere Tunnel (also the Rantaväylä Tunnel, fi, Rantaväylän tunneli) is a 2,3 kilometre-long road tunnel in Tampere, Finland. It was opened 15 November 2016, six months before scheduled. The Tampere Tunnel is the longest road tunnel in F ...
, which is the longest
road tunnel A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube cons ...
built in Finland for car traffic. Tampere is served by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport, located in neighboring municipality
Pirkkala Pirkkala (; sv, Birkala) is a municipality of Finland. It is located some south-west from Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is , which makes ...
some southwest of the city, and it replaced the former Härmälä Airport, which was closed in 1979. The current airport is connected to the city centre of Tampere by bus route 103, and to that of Pirkkala by bus route 39. The public transport network in Tampere currently consists of a bus network and two lines of city's light rail, operating from 9 August 2021. The Tampere Bus Station, designed by Jaakko Laaksovirta and
Bertel Strömmer Bertel Strömmer (11 July 1890, Ikaalinen – 18 April 1962, Tampere) was a Finnish architect. Strömmer worked as Tampere City Architect years 1918–53 and most of his work is located in Tampere. Strömmer designed both private and public bu ...
, representing
functionalist architecture In architecture, functionalism is the principle that buildings should be designed based solely on their purpose and function. This principle is a matter of confusion and controversy within the profession, particularly in regard to modern archite ...
, was completed in 1938, being the largest bus station in the Nordic countries at the time, and between 1948 and 1976, the city also had an extensive
trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
network, which was also the largest trolleybus system in Finland. As of 2017,
commuter rail Commuter rail, or suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns. Generally commuter rail systems are con ...
service on the railroad lines connecting Tampere to the neighbouring towns of
Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
and Lempäälä is being established. In 2015, the Port of Tampere, the charter port area carrying passengers on the shores of
Lake Näsijärvi A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...
and Lake Pyhäjärvi, was the busiest
inland waterway A body of water, such as a river, canal or lake, is navigable if it is deep, wide and calm enough for a water vessel (e.g. boats) to pass safely. Such a navigable water is called a ''waterway'', and is preferably with few obstructions against dir ...
in Finland in terms of the number of passengers (71,750). A partial explanation for the high number of passengers can be found in the summer traffic to the
Viikinsaari Viikinsaari is an island located in the lake Pyhäjärvi belonging to the City of Tampere, Finland. The island is a popular nature resort and an outdoor recreation area, attracting visitors all year round. In the summertime there is a boat connec ...
island in Lake Pyhäjärvi, where people travel for an excursion or various cultural events such as watching a summer theater. Domestic passenger and connecting vessel traffic was only busier in the Finnish sea area in the
Helsinki Metropolitan Area Greater Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin seutu, Suur-Helsinki, Swedish: ''Helsingforsregionen'', ''Storhelsingfors'') is the metropolitan area surrounding Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. It includes the smaller Capital Region (''Pääkaupunkiseutu' ...
, between mainland Finland and
Åland Åland ( fi, Ahvenanmaa: ; ; ) is an Federacy, autonomous and Demilitarized zone, demilitarised region of Finland since 1920 by a decision of the League of Nations. It is the smallest region of Finland by area and population, with a size of 1 ...
in the
Archipelago Sea The Archipelago Sea ( fi, Saaristomeri, sv, Skärgårdshavet) is a part of the Baltic Sea between the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the Sea of Åland, within Finnish territorial waters. By some definitions it contains the largest ar ...
. In the 2010s, Tampere has made efforts to invest in the smooth running of
cycling Cycling, also, when on a two-wheeled bicycle, called bicycling or biking, is the use of cycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport. People engaged in cycling are referred to as "cyclists", "bicyclists", or "bikers". Apart from two ...
and
walkability Walkability is a term for planning concepts best understood by the mixed-use of amenities in high-density neighborhoods where people can access said amenities by foot. It is based on the idea that urban spaces should be more than just transport ...
. Thanks to it, the city was awarded the title of "Cycling Municipality of the Year" in 2013. According to a survey conducted in 2015, the attractiveness of both cycling and walking had increased during 2014 and 2015. In any case, during the 21st century, the growth of bicycle traffic has been clearly faster than the growth of the city's population, and the number of cycles has increased by an average of about 2% per year.


Distances to other cities

*
Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
– *
Hämeenlinna Hämeenlinna (; sv, Tavastehus; krl, Hämienlinna; la, Tavastum or ''Croneburgum'') is a city and municipality of about inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of Tavastia and the modern province of Kanta-Häme in the south of F ...
– *
Joensuu Joensuu (; krl, Jovensuu; ) is a city and municipality in North Karelia, Finland, located on the northern shore of Lake Pyhäselkä (northern part of Lake Saimaa) at the mouth of the Pielinen River (''Pielisjoki''). It was founded in 1848. Th ...
– *
Jyväskylä Jyväskylä () is a city and municipality in Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland. It is located about 150 km north-east from Tampere, the third largest city in Finland; and about 270 km north from Helsinki, the capital of ...
– *
Kuopio Kuopio (, ) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia. It has a population of , which makes it the most populous municipality in Finland. Along with Joensuu, Kuopio is one of the major urban, economic, and cult ...
– *
Lahti Lahti (; sv, Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland. It is the capital of the region of Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) and its growing region is one of the main economic hubs of Finland. Lahti is situated on a bay at the southern e ...
– *
Lappeenranta Lappeenranta (; sv, Villmanstrand) is a city and municipality in the region of South Karelia, about from the Russian border and from the town of Vyborg (''Viipuri''). It is situated on the shore of the Lake Saimaa in southeastern Finland, and ...
– * Oulu – * Pori – * Seinäjoki – *
Turku Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a city and former capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (''Varsinais-Suomi'') and the former Turku and Pori Province (''Turun ja Porin lääni''; ...
– *
Vaasa Vaasa (; sv, Vasa, , Sweden ), in the years 1855–1917 as Nikolainkaupunki ( sv, Nikolajstad; literally meaning "city of Nicholas),


Government

In 2007, Tampere switched to a new model of government. Since then, a mayor and four deputy mayors have been chosen for a period of four years by the
city council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counc ...
. The mayor also becomes the seat of the city council for the duration of the tenure. Tampere was the first Finnish municipality to be elected mayor. However, the mayor does not have an official relationship with the municipality; the mayor serves as chairman of the city board and directs the municipality's activities, and the mayor's duties are defined in the city government's bylaws. Because the mayor and deputy mayors are trustees, they can be removed by the council if they lose the majority trust. For the first two years, Timo P. Nieminen, representing the
National Coalition Party sv, Samlingspartiet , leader1_title = Chairman , leader1_name = Petteri Orpo , leader2_title = Deputy chairs , leader2_name = Antti HäkkänenElina ValtonenAnna-Kaisa Ikonen , merger = Finnish Party, Young Finn ...
from 2007 to 2012, served as mayor. In 2013,
Anna-Kaisa Ikonen Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (born 4 April 1977) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland representing the National Coalition Party from the Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tam ...
of the same party was elected mayor. As of 1 June 2017, the number of deputy mayors decreased from four to three.
Lauri Lyly Lauri Matias Lyly (born 20 February 1953, Seinäjoki) is a Finnish trade unionist and politician who served as the mayor of Tampere since 2017 until 2021. He is married with Tuula Lyly and the couple has three children. Early life and career L ...
( SDP) was elected Mayor of the City of Tampere for the period 2017–2021 at the City Council meeting on 12 June 2017.


Mayors over time

*
Kaarle Nordlund Kaarle is a Finnish masculine given name that is a form of Charles. Notable people with this name include the following: * Kaarle Knuutila (1868 - 1949), Finnish politician *Kaarle Krohn (1863 – 1933), Finnish folklorist * Kaarle Leivonen (1886 ...
1929–1943 * Sulo Typpö 1943–1957 *
Erkki Lindfors Erkki is a Finnish and Estonian given name (derived from Erik). Notable people with the name include: * Erkki Aadli (born 1974), Estonian orienteer * Erkki Aaltonen (1910–1990), Finnish composer * Erkki Ala-Könni (1911– 1996), Finnish ...
1957–1969 *
Pekka Paavola Pekka Paavola (born 3 August 1933 in Tampere) is a Finnish politician, Minister of Justice in the 1972 cabinet, and a convicted criminal in multiple cases. Paavola was a city manager in Tampere 1969–1985. He was the Minister of Justice in the ...
1969–1985 *
Jarmo Rantanen Jarmo Heikki Kullervo Rantanen (born 20 June 1944, Orivesi) is a Finnish politician from the Social Democratic Party. He was elected as the city manager of Tampere in 1985 until he retired in the end of 2006. Additionally he served as the Minister ...
1985–2007 * Timo P. Nieminen ( kok.) 2007–2012 *
Anna-Kaisa Ikonen Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (born 4 April 1977) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland representing the National Coalition Party from the Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tam ...
( kok.) 2013–2017 *
Lauri Lyly Lauri Matias Lyly (born 20 February 1953, Seinäjoki) is a Finnish trade unionist and politician who served as the mayor of Tampere since 2017 until 2021. He is married with Tuula Lyly and the couple has three children. Early life and career L ...
( sd.) 2017–2021 *
Anna-Kaisa Ikonen Anna-Kaisa Ikonen (born 4 April 1977) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland representing the National Coalition Party from the Pirkanmaa Pirkanmaa (; sv, Birkaland; la, Birkaria, link=no), also known as ''Tam ...
( kok.) 2021–present


Notable people


Born before 1900

*
Emil Aaltonen Emil Aaltonen ( Widell until 1890; b. 29 August 1869 — d. 16 December 1949) was a prominent Finnish industrialist and philanthropist, who went from humble beginnings to own and run the largest shoe manufacturing business of its time in the N ...
(1869—1949), industrialist and philanthropist *
Emanuel Aromaa Emanuel Aromaa (27 February 1873 - 14 January 1933; surname until 1894 ''Sylgren'') was a Finland, Finnish shoemaker and politician, born in Tampere, Teisko. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1918, from 1924 to 1927 and from ...
(1873—1933), politician *
Eero Berg Eero Berg (17 February 1898, Kangasala – 14 July 1969) was a Finnish athlete who mainly competed in the 10,000 metres during his career. He competed for Finland at the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France France (), officia ...
(1898–1969), long-distance runner and Olympic gold medalist *
Minna Canth Minna Canth (; born Ulrika Wilhelmina Johnson; 19 March 1844 – 12 May 1897) was a Finnish writer and social activist. Canth began to write while managing her family draper's shop and living as a widow raising seven children. Her work addresse ...
(1844–1897), author and social activist *
Minna Craucher Madame Minna Craucher (23 August 1891 – 8 March 1932) was the false name of Maria Vilhelmiina Lindell, a Finnish socialite and spy. Her home was a noted salon for various writers and artists. She also did espionage, originally for the Cheka, th ...
(1891–1932), socialite and spy * James Finlayson (1772–1852), Scottish
Quaker Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of Christian denomination, denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belie ...
and industrialist *
Väinö Hakkila Väinö Pietari Hakkila (29 June 1882, in Lempäälä – 18 July 1958, in Orivesi) was a Finnish politician from Social Democratic Party of Finland. Hakkila was elected into Parliament for terms of 1919–1945 and 1948–1958. He was deputy spea ...
(1882–1958), politician *
Gustaf Idman Karl Gustaf Idman (1 December 1885 in Tampere – 13 April 1961 in Helsinki) was a Finnish diplomat and a non-partisan Minister of Foreign Affairs in Antti Tulenheimo's cabinet in 1925. Idman completed a law doctorate in 1914 and worked in He ...
(1885–1961), diplomat and a non-partisan
Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...
*
Alma Jokinen Alma Eufrosyne Jokinen (née ''Malander''; 28 April 1882 - 1939) was a Finland, Finnish politician, born in Tampere. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1908 to 1918, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). In 1918 ...
(1882-1939), politician * Feliks Kellosalmi (1877-1939), politician *
Augusta Laine Augusta Ottilia Laine (née ''Brander''; 30 March 1867, Tampere - 16 August 1949) was a Finland, Finnish teacher of home economics and politician. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland, representing the Young Finnish Party from 1917 to 1918 ...
(1867-1949), teacher of home economics and politician * Frans Oskar Lilius (1871-1928), politician * Wivi Lönn (1872–1966), architect *
Kaapo Murros Kaapo Taavetti Murros (29 July 1875 – 17 March 1951; name until 1895 ''Gabriel David Ahlqvist'') was a Finland, Finnish journalist, lawyer, writer, and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1910 to 1913, representing the ...
(1875–1951), journalist, lawyer, writer and politician *
Juho Kusti Paasikivi Juho Kusti Paasikivi (; 27 November 1870 – 14 December 1956) was the seventh president of Finland (1946–1956). Representing the Finnish Party until its dissolution in 1918 and then the National Coalition Party, he also served as Prime Ministe ...
(1870–1956), the
Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...
and the 7th President of Finland * Aaro Pajari (1897–1949), Major General and the
Knight of the Mannerheim Cross The Mannerheim Cross ( fi, Mannerheim-risti, sv, Mannerheimkorset), officially Mannerheim Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, Cross of Liberty ( fi, Vapaudenristin Mannerheim-risti, link=no, sv, Frihetskorsets Mannerheimkors, link=no) is ...
*
Arvo Pohjannoro Frans Arvo Ilmari Pohjannoro (18 November 1893, in Tampere – 10 October 1963; surname until 1906 ''Floor'') was a Finland, Finnish Lutheranism, Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1936 to 194 ...
(1893–1963), Lutheran clergyman and politician *
Anders Rajala Anders August Rajala (30 June 1891 – 7 March 1957) was a Finnish wrestler. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics The 1920 Summer Olympics (french: Jeux olympiques d'été de 1920; nl, Olympische Zomerspel ...
(1891–1957), wrestler *
Julius Saaristo Juho Julius Saaristo (21 July 1891 – 12 October 1969) was a Finnish track and field athlete. He won two medals at the 1912 Olympics: a silver in conventional javelin throw and a gold in the two-handed javelin throw, a one-time Olympic event i ...
(1891–1969) track and field athlete and Olympic gold medalist *
Matti Schreck Georg Mathias "Matti" Schreck (19 December 1897 – 19 October 1946) was a Finnish banker and film producer. He produced a total of 50 films between 1935–1945. Selected filmography *''Jääkärin morsian'' (1938) *'' Rikas tyttö'' (1939) *' ...
(1897–1946), banker and film producer *
Frans Eemil Sillanpää Frans Eemil Sillanpää (; 16 September 1888 – 3 June 1964) was one of the most famous Finnish writers and in 1939 became the first Finnish writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature "for his deep understanding of his country's pea ...
(1888–1964), author and
Nobel laureate The Nobel Prizes ( sv, Nobelpriset, no, Nobelprisen) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make out ...
*
Bertel Strömmer Bertel Strömmer (11 July 1890, Ikaalinen – 18 April 1962, Tampere) was a Finnish architect. Strömmer worked as Tampere City Architect years 1918–53 and most of his work is located in Tampere. Strömmer designed both private and public bu ...
(1890–1962), architect *
Vilho Tuulos Vilho "Ville" Immanuel Tuulos (26 March 1895 – 2 September 1967) was a Finland, Finnish triple jumper and long jumper. He won a gold medal in the Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump, triple jump at the 1920 Summer Olym ...
(1895–1967), triple jumper, long jumper and Olympic gold medalist *
August Wesley August Anselm Wesley ( Wesslin; born 3 August 1887; last rumoured to be alive 1942) was a Finnish journalist, trade unionist, and revolutionary who was the chief of the Red Guards general staff in the 1918 Finnish Civil War. He later served as ...
(1887–?), journalist, trade unionist and revolutionary


Born after 1900

* Jonne Aaron (born 1983), singer *
Sinikka Antila Sinikka Aulikki Antila (born 4 November 1960) is a Finnish lawyer and diplomat. She is a leading expert in trade and development at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development Policy Department. Antila was born in Tampere, and started working for ...
(born 1960), lawyer and diplomat *
Aleksander Barkov Aleksander Aleksandrovich "Sasha" Barkov (russian: Александр Александрович Барков; born 2 September 1995) is a Finnish professional ice hockey centre and captain of the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League ...
(born 1995), Finnish-Russian professional ice hockey player *
Anu Bradford Anu H. Bradford (born 1975) is a Finnish-American author, law professor, and expert in international trade law. In 2014, she was named the Henry L. Moses Distinguished Professor of Law and International Organization at the Columbia Law School. She ...
(born 1975), Finnish-American author and law professor *
Johanna Debreczeni Johanna Debreczeni (pronounced Debra Chaney) born 28 April 1980 in Tampere, Finland) is a Finnish people, Finnish singer. She began her career as a Finnish tango, tango singer, but now her repertoire also includes evergreens and Finnish pop. She ...
(born 1980), singer *
Henrik Otto Donner Henrik Otto Donner (16 November 1939 – 26 June 2013) was a Finnish composer, musician and all-round music personality. His musical styles varied from pop and rock music to jazz, electronic music and contemporary classical music. Donner's person ...
(1939–2013), composer and music personality *
Anna Falchi Anna Falchi (; born Anna Kristiina Palomäki; 22 April 1972) is a Finnish-Italian model and film actress. Career Anna Kristiina Palomäki was born in Tampere, Finland, the daughter of an Italian father, Benito (Tito) Falchi, and Finnish moth ...
(born 1972), Finnish-Italian model and film actress *
Mauri Favén Professor Mauri Oskari Favén (26 August 1920 – 23 February 2006) was a Finnish painter. His uncle was the painter Antti Favén and his grandfather's brother was the painter Aukusti Uotila. Biography Favén was born in Tampere. In the 1940 ...
(1920–2006), painter *
Jussi Halla-aho Jussi Kristian Halla-aho (born 27 April 1971) is a Finnish politician who has served as a member of the Parliament of Finland from 2011 to 2014 and again since 2019, and as the leader of the Finns Party from 10 June 2017Finns Party The Finns Party, formerly known as the True Finns ( fi, Perussuomalaiset, PS, sv, Sannfinländarna, Sannf.), is a right-wing populist political party in Finland. It was founded in 1995 following the dissolution of the Finnish Rural Party. The ...
* Roope Hintz (born 1996), professional ice hockey player *
Anja Ignatius Anja Ignatius (July 2, 1911 – April 10, 1995) was a Finland, Finnish violinist and music educator, mainly known as a chamber musician. She was born in Tampere, began studying violin at the age of five and gave her first concert at the age of ...
(1911–1995), violinist and music educator * Seppo Jokinen (born 1949), author *
Viljo Kajava Viljo Lennart Kajava (22 September 1909 – 2 February 1998) was a Finnish poet and writer. He was born in Tampere, and his first collections of poems were released in 1935. During his 50-year career he published nearly 40 books, most of them poe ...
(1909–1998), author and poet * Tapani Kalliomäki (born 1970), stage and film actor *
Glen Kamara Glen Adjei Kamara (born 28 October 1995) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Rangers and the Finland national team. He began his senior career at Arsenal, where he made one substitute appearance in the F ...
(born 1995), professional footballer *
Jorma Karhunen Jorma "Joppe" Karhunen (17 March 1913 – 18 January 2002) was a Finnish Air Force ace and an author. Karhunen scored 31.5 kills in World War II; 25.5 of his air victories were achieved while flying the Brewster F2A Buffalo, an American fighter ...
(1913–2002),
Finnish Air Force The Finnish Air Force (FAF or FiAF; fi, Ilmavoimat, , Air forces; sv, Flygvapnet, , Air weapon) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. Its peacetime tasks are airspace surveillance, identification flights, and production of Finnis ...
ace An ace is a playing card, die or domino with a single pip. In the standard French deck, an ace has a single suit symbol (a heart, diamond, spade, or club) located in the middle of the card, sometimes large and decorated, especially in the c ...
and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross *
Leo Kinnunen Leo Juhani "Leksa" Kinnunen (5 August 1943 – 26 July 2017) was a Finnish racing driver, and the first Formula One driver from Finland. Kinnunen won the Nordic Challenge Cup in 1969, the Interserie from 1971–1973, and helped Porsche in motors ...
(1943–2017),
Formula One Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The World Drivers' Championship, ...
driver *
Urpo Lahtinen Urpo Juhani Lahtinen was a Finland, Finnish magazine publisher. He was born on 22 April 1931 in Helsinki and died on 15 October 1994 in Tampere. Urpo Lahtinen started his journalistic career in 1952 writing for the Social Democratic paper ''Etee ...
(1931–1994), journalist and magazine publisher, founder of '' Tamperelainen'' *
Mika Koivuniemi Mika Juhani Koivuniemi (born 6 April 1967) is a Finnish bowling coach and semi-retired professional ten-pin bowler. He competed on the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) tour in the United States, and won bowling titles in 21 different countr ...
(born 1967), bowling coach and professional ten-pin bowler *
Kiira Korpi Kiira Linda Katriina Korpi (; born 26 September 1988) is a Finnish figure skater. She is a three-time European medalist (bronze in 2007 and 2011, silver in 2012), the 2010 Trophée Eric Bompard champion, the 2012 Rostelecom Cup champion, a two-ti ...
(born 1988), figure skater *
Patrik Laine Patrik Laine (; born 19 April 1998) is a Finnish professional ice hockey winger who currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League. Laine formerly played in his native Finland with Tappara in the Finnish Liiga befor ...
(born 1998), professional ice hockey player *
Väinö Linna Väinö Linna (; 20 December 1920 – 21 April 1992) was a Finnish author. He gained literary fame with his third novel, ''Tuntematon sotilas'' ( ''The Unknown Soldier'', published in 1954), and consolidated his position with the trilogy ''Tää ...
(1920–1992), author *
Jyrki Lumme Jyrki Olavi Lumme (born July 16, 1966) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) and SM-liiga. After beginning his career in Finland, playing with Ilves Tampere for three season ...
(born 1966) professional hockey player *
Tiina Lymi Tiina Inkeri Lymi (born 3 September 1971 in Tampere) is a Finnish actress, director, screenwriter and author. She received a Jussi Award as the Best Leading Actress for her work in the 1993 film ''Akvaariorakkaus''. Early life and education Tii ...
(born 1971), actress, director, screenwriter and author *
Taru Mäkelä Taru Mäkelä (born 1 April 1959) is a Finnish film director and screenwriter. She started her career in the 1980s working for the Finnish Broadcasting Company. Life and career Besides directing and screenwriting, Mäkelä has also worked as a p ...
(born 1959), film director and screenwriter *
Eeva-Liisa Manner Eeva-Liisa Manner (5 December 1921 – 7 July 1995) was a Finnish poet, playwright and translator. Biography She was born in Helsinki, 5 December 1921, but spent her youth in Vyborg (Viipuri). Manner started as a poet in 1944 with ''Mustaa ja ...
(1921–1995), poet, playwright and translator *
Sanna Marin Sanna Mirella Marin (; born 16 November 1985) is a Finnish politician who has been serving as the Prime Minister of Finland since 2019. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), she has been a Parliament of Finland, Member of Pa ...
(born 1985), politician, current leader of the
Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties For ...
and current
Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...
* Sakari Mattila (born 1989), professional footballer * Matthau Mikojan (born 1982), rock musician, singer, guitarist and songwriter *
Pate Mustajärvi Pauli Antero "Pate" Mustajärvi (born July 12, 1956) is a Finnish rock singer. He is known as the vocalist, frontman and only original member of Popeda as well as a solo artist. In his birthplace of Tampere he is known as "Ikurin turbiini" (" ...
(born 1956), rock singer *
Mikko Nousiainen Mikko Olavi Nousiainen (born 26 April 1975, in Tampere) is a Finnish actor. His father is actor Heikki Nousiainen. Selected filmography * ''Friends, Comrades'' (1990) *''Going to Kansas City'' (1998) *''Restless'' (2000) *'' Stripping'' (2002) *' ...
(born 1975), actor *
Teppo Numminen Teppo Kalevi Numminen (born July 3, 1968) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for Tappara and TuTo of the SM-liiga and the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, Dallas Sta ...
(born 1968), professional ice hockey player * Luka Nurmi (born 2004), racing driver *
Erno Paasilinna Erno Paasilinna (14 March 1935, in Petsamo – 30 September 2000, in Tampere) was a Finnish writer and journalist. He received several literary prizes, the most notable being the Finlandia Prize in 1984 for his collection of essays ''Yksinäisyys ...
(1935–2000), author and journalist *
Pekka Paavola Pekka Paavola (born 3 August 1933 in Tampere) is a Finnish politician, Minister of Justice in the 1972 cabinet, and a convicted criminal in multiple cases. Paavola was a city manager in Tampere 1969–1985. He was the Minister of Justice in the ...
(born 1933), politician and
Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a v ...
*
Oiva Paloheimo Oiva Aukusti Paloheimo (2 September 1910 – 13 June 1973) was a Finnish author who wrote novels, short stories, poems and aphorisms. His best-known work is the children's book '' Tirlittan'' from 1953. Life Oiva was born under the surname Pie ...
(1910–1973), author, poet and aphorist *
Veijo Pasanen Veijo Antero Pasanen (14 October 1930, Muuruvesi – 17 February 1988, Tampere) was a Finnish actor. He was related to director and inventor Pertti "Spede" Pasanen. Pasanen is perhaps best remembered for his role as Pelle Hermanni (Herman the C ...
(1930–1988), actor *
Sakari Puisto Sakari Rainer Puisto (born 19 December 1976 in Tampere) is a Finnish politician. He was a candidate of the Finns Party in European Parliament elections in 2014 and in parliamentary elections in 2015 and 2019. In spring 2015, he participated in the ...
(born 1976), politician * Raisa Räisänen (1983–?), still missing 16-year-old girl, who was
declared dead in absentia A presumption of death occurs when a person is thought to be dead by a group of people despite the absence of direct proof of the person's death, such as the finding of remains (e.g., a corpse or skeleton) attributable to that person. Such a pre ...
in 2007 *
Matti Ranin Matti Helge Ranin (21 November 1926 – 24 November 2013) was a Finnish actor. Ranin had an extensive career in film. He was in his prime as film-actor in the 1950s and 60s, most famously playing Captain Kariluoto in an Edvin Laine film '' The Un ...
(1926–2013), actor *
Leo Riuttu Leo Riuttu (5 June 1913 – 4 August 1989) was a Finnish actor. He appeared in 81 films and television shows between 1946 and 1978. He starred in the film '' Miriam'', which was entered into the 8th Berlin International Film Festival. He is ...
(1913–1989), actor *
Seela Sella Seela Maini Marjatta Sella (née Virtanen, b. 30 December 1936) is a Finnish film actress. She was born in Tampere, Finland. During her career, which has spanned more than 60 years to date, Seela Sella has had roles in productions at the Finnis ...
(born 1936), actress *
Heikki Silvennoinen Heikki Johannes Silvennoinen (born 27 April 1954) is a Finnish musician and an actor. He was a guitarist and a songwriter in several notable Finnish bands in the 1970s and 1980s, and has also recorded solo albums. He is best known in Finland ...
(born 1954), musician and actor *
Kikka Sirén Kirsi Hannele Sirén (née Viilonen; 26 October 1964 – 3 December 2005), better known by her stage name Kikka, was a Finnish pop/ schlager singer. She was known for her sexpot image and suggestive, double entendre-filled songs. Kikka's best-kn ...
(1964–2005), pop and schlager singer * Jukka Tapanimäki (1961–2000), software developer and game programmer *
Armi Toivanen Armi Toivanen (born 19 June 1980 in Tampere) is a Finnish actress. She became a household name in Finland after joining the cast of the sketch comedy television show ''Putous ''Putous'' (Comedy Combat is the international name) is a Finnish Fi ...
(born 1980), actress * Jussi Välimäki (born 1974), rally driver * Lauri Viita (1916–1965), poet * Sofia Vikman (born 1983), politician *
Olavi Virta Olavi Virta (originally to 1926 Oskari Olavi Ilmén) (27 February 1915 in Sysmä, Grand Duchy of Finland – 14 July 1972 in Pispala, Tampere, Finland) was a Finnish singer, acclaimed during his time as the "King" of Finnish tango. Between 1939 a ...
(1915–1972), singer *
Hans Wind Hans Henrik "Hasse" Wind (30 July 1919, Ekenäs – 24 July 1995, Tampere) was a Finnish fighter pilot and flying ace in World War II, with 75 confirmed air combat victories. He is one of the four double recipients of the Mannerheim Cross 2nd ...
(1919–1995), fighter pilot, flying ace and the Knight of the Mannerheim Cross * Aki Yli-Salomäki (born 1972), composer, music critic and music journalist


International relations

Tampere is twinned with: *
Chemnitz Chemnitz (; from 1953 to 1990: Karl-Marx-Stadt , ) is the third-largest city in the German state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden. It is the 28th largest city of Germany as well as the fourth largest city in the area of former East Germany a ...
, (Germany) *
Essen Essen (; Latin: ''Assindia'') is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of makes it the fourth-largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, Düsseldorf and D ...
, (Germany) *
Kaunas Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai ...
,
Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
*
Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
,
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
*
Klaksvík Klaksvík is the second largest town of the Faroe Islands behind Tórshavn. The town is located on Borðoy, which is one of the northernmost islands (the Norðoyar). It is the administrative centre of Klaksvík municipality. History The first se ...
,
Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...
*
Kópavogur Kópavogur () is a town in Iceland that is the country's second largest municipality by population. It lies immediately south of Reykjavík and is part of the Capital Region. The name literally means ''seal pup inlet''. The town seal contains th ...
,
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
*
Linz Linz ( , ; cs, Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria. In the north of the country, it is on the Danube south of the Czech border. In 2018, the population was 204,846. In 2009, it was a European Capital of ...
,
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
*
Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canti ...
,
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
''(since 1996)'' *
Miskolc Miskolc ( , , ; Czech language, Czech and sk, Miškovec; german: Mischkolz; yi, script=Latn, Mishkoltz; ro, Mișcolț) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 161,265 (1 Jan 2014) Miskolc is the ...
,
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
*
Norrköping Norrköping (; ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km east of county seat Linköp ...
,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
*
Odense Odense ( , , ) is the third largest city in Denmark (behind Copenhagen and Aarhus) and the largest city on the island of Funen. As of 1 January 2022, the city proper had a population of 180,863 while Odense Municipality had a population of 20 ...
,
Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...
* Olomouc, Czech Republic * Brașov, Romania * Tartu, Estonia * Trondheim, Norway ''(since 1946)'' * Guangzhou, China Tampere has two additional "friendship cities": * León, Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua * Mwanza, Tanzania


See also

*
Battle of Tampere The Battle of Tampere was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle, fought in Tampere, Finland from 15 March to 6 April between the Whites and the Reds. It is the most famous and the heaviest of all the Finnish Civil War battles. Today it is particular ...
* ''Mustamakkara'' * Nokia, Finland *
Pirkkala Pirkkala (; sv, Birkala) is a municipality of Finland. It is located some south-west from Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is , which makes ...
* Ratina Stadium * Särkänniemi *
Tammerkoski Tammerkoski is a channel of rapids in Tampere, Finland. The city of Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. The difference in altitude between these two is and the water flows from Näsijärvi to Pyhäjärvi through ...
* Tampere Deck Arena *
Tampere Film Festival The Tampere Film Festival ( fi, Tampereen elokuvajuhlat) is a short film festival held every March, mostly at the Finnkino Plevna movie theatre, in Tampere, Finland. It is accredited by the film producers' society FIAPF, and together with the shor ...
* Tampere Tigers


Notes


References

{{reflist, 30em, refs= {{cite news , title=Yli 20 ihmisuhria vaatinut elokuvateatteripalo , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=1927-10-24 , issue=287 , page=1 , language=fi
{{cite news , url=http://www.aamulehti.fi/vastaa/vaakuna/ , url-status=dead , title=Aamulehti: Kumpi Tampereen vaakunoista on parempi? , publisher=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, language=fi , archive-date=2007-02-08 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208094321/http://www.aamulehti.fi/vastaa/vaakuna/
{{cite news , url=https://www.aamulehti.fi/uutiset/art-2000007289170.html , title=Moottoritien oikaisu ja uusi kehätie nostattivat kommenttivyöryn – Mahtava juttu vai asukkaiden ja luonnon laiminlyömistä? , first=Kaisa , last=Uusitalo , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=2018-01-10 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25
{{cite news , url=https://www.aamulehti.fi/uutiset/art-2000007300435.html , title=Pääsy kielletty: Tältä näyttää Tampere-Pirkkalan lennonjohtotornissa – 156 askelmaa johdattaa ainutlaatuisen maiseman äärelle , first=Toni , last=Repo , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=2018-05-17 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25
{{cite news , url=https://www.aamulehti.fi/tampere/art-2000007442372.html , title=Kaupungin kasvot , first1=Jasmina , last1=Kauta , first2=Milja , last2=Keinänen , first3=Olli , last3=Pietiläinen , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=2019-06-07 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25
{{cite news , url=https://www.aamulehti.fi/lukijalta/art-2000007501728.html , title=Lukijalta: Pyhä Mikko on Tampereen vanhin rakennus, mutta se jää yllättävän vähälle huomiolle , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=2020-01-09 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi
{{cite news , url=http://www.aamulehti.fi/kotimaa/tampereen-vuoden-2017-budjettiesitys-on-julki-nain-kay-verojen-ja-maksujen/ , url-status=dead , title=Tampereen vuoden 2017 budjettiesitys on julki: Näin käy verojen ja maksujen , language=fi , archive-date=2016-10-27 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027174805/http://www.aamulehti.fi/kotimaa/tampereen-vuoden-2017-budjettiesitys-on-julki-nain-kay-verojen-ja-maksujen {{cite news , url=https://www.aamulehti.fi/uutiset/art-2000007943734.html , title=Tampere Suomen ylivoimainen ykkönen muuttovoitossa alkuvuonna – pääkaupunkiseudun vetovoima romahtanut: "Se on tosi iso muutos" , first=Tiina , last=Vuorimäki , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=2021-05-04 , access-date=2021-10-24 , language=fi
{{cite news , url=https://www.aamulehti.fi/tampere/art-2000008352935.html , title=Tampereen vetovoima on ihan omaa luokkaansa, Helsinki putosi jumbosijalle – "En olisi tällaista tilannetta uskonut näkeväni" , first=Kati , last=Kalliosaari , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=2021-10-23 , access-date=2021-10-24 , language=fi
{{cite news , url=https://www.aamulehti.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000008430405.html , title=Rikosdraama Koskinen saa paljasjalkaisen tamperelaisen punastumaan mielihyvästä – Katsoimme ennakkoon Tampereen seudulla kuvatun uutuussarjan, näitä paikkoja siitä voi bongata , first=Nina , last=Lehtinen , work=
Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...
, date=2021-11-26 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi
{{cite web , url=https://aasarchitecture.com/2018/06/tulli-halls-by-schauman-nordgren-architects-masu-planning-and-schauman-arkkitehdit-wins-competition-in-the-old-customs-area-in-tampere.html/ , url-status=dead , title=Tulli Halls by Schauman & Nordgren Architects + MASU Planning and Schauman Arkkitehdit wins competition in the old customs area in Tampere – Aasarchitecture , date=2018-06-21 , archive-date=2021-07-09 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184606/https://aasarchitecture.com/2018/06/tulli-halls-by-schauman-nordgren-architects-masu-planning-and-schauman-arkkitehdit-wins-competition-in-the-old-customs-area-in-tampere.html/ {{cite journal , url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10227/397/HR%2cAinamo%2cTienari%26Vaara%2c2006.pdf?sequence=3 , author=Antti Ainamo , title=Between West and East: A Social History of Business Journalism in Cold War Finland , journal=Human Relations , date=May 2006 , volume=59 , issue=5 , doi=10.1177/0018726706066550 , pages=611–636 , hdl=10227/397 , s2cid=146337547 , hdl-access=free , access-date=2022-07-25 , format=PDF {{cite web , url=http://raitio.org/trolley/tampere/tpelinja.htm , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213012858/http://www.raitio.org/trolley/tampere/tpelinja.htm , archive-date=2007-12-13 , title=Trolleybus City of Tampere , last=Alameri , first=Mikko , work=Raitio , publisher=Suomen Raitiotieseura , language=fi {{cite web , title=History , url=http://www.almamedia.com/about-us/history/ , url-status=dead , work=Alma Media , archive-url=https://archive.today/20150309001417/http://www.almamedia.com/about-us/history/ , archive-date=2015-03-09 {{cite book , first=Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol , last=Ánte , contribution=An essay on Saami ethnolinguistic prehistory , title=A Linguistic Map of Prehistoric Northern Europe , series=Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne , volume=266 , pages=63–117 , year=2012 {{cite book , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBaimAEACAAJ , first1=Mari , last1=Lind , first2=Kimmo , last2=Antila , first3=Antti , last3=Liuttunen , title=Tammerkoski ja kosken kaupunki , location=Tampere , publisher=Tampereen museot , year=2011 , isbn=9789516094949 , language=fi {{cite web , url=https://www.arthousecinemaniagara.fi/ , title=Arthouse Cinema Niagara , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.arthousecinemaniagara.fi/fi/erikoisnaytokset/cinemadrome , title=Cinemadrome – Arthouse Cinema Niagara , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://www.baseball.fi/ , title=Baseball.fi - fi , website=www.baseball.fi {{cite book , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQL8POkFGIQC , title=The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life , last=Brackman , first=Roman , year=2001 , publisher=Psychology Press , isbn=9780714650500 {{cite web , url=https://brontoskylift.com/contact/ , title=Contact information , website=Bronto Skylift , date=7 March 2019 , access-date=2022-07-07 {{cite web , url=https://businesstampere.com/finnish-sauna-society-and-international-sauna-association-tampere-is-the-sauna-capital/ , title=Finnish Sauna Society and International Sauna Association: "Tampere is the Sauna Capital" , date=2018-05-22 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://businesstampere.com/investments/why-tampere/tampere-is-the-city-of-growth-and-development/ , title=Tampere is the city of growth and development , work=Business Tampere , access-date=2021-12-07 {{cite web , url=https://businesstampere.com/fi/tampere-pirkkala-tarkea-kentta-loistava-sijainti/ , title=Tampere-Pirkkala: tärkeä kenttä, loistava sijainti , work=Business Tampere , date=2019-09-06 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190515005494/en/City-of-Tampere-an-International-Ideas-Competition-in-a-Magnificent-Finnish-Lakeside-City , title=City of Tampere: an International Ideas Competition in a Magnificent Finnish Lakeside City , work=Business Wire , date=2019-05-15 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , author=C.G. , title=Explaining the Finnish love of tango , url=https://www.economist.com/prospero/2017/10/11/explaining-the-finnish-love-of-tango , newspaper=The Economist , date=2017-10-11 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite book , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWxaFCIth-4C , first1=Marianne , last1=Ekman , first2=Björn , last2=Gustavsen , first3=Bjorn Terje , last3=Asheim , first4=Öyvind , last4=Pålshaugen , title=Learning Regional Innovation: Scandinavian Models , year=2010 , publisher=Palgrave Macmillan , isbn=9780230304154 , page=174 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://ec.europa.eu/eures/main.jsp?catId=7494&acro=lmi&lang=en&countryId=FI®ionId=FI1&nuts2Code=FI19&nuts3Code=FI192®ionName=Pirkanmaa , url-status=deviated , title=EURES - Labour market information - Pirkanmaa - European Commission , website=ec.europa.eu , archive-date=2018-05-29 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529060823/https://ec.europa.eu/eures/main.jsp?catId=7494&acro=lmi&lang=en&countryId=FI®ionId=FI1&nuts2Code=FI19&nuts3Code=FI192®ionName=Pirkanmaa {{cite web , url=http://basketball.eurobasket.com/team/Pyrinto_Tampere/1642 , title=Pyrinto Tampere , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://eurocities.eu/cities/tampere/ , title=Finland: Tampere , website=Eurocities , date=6 August 2020 , access-date=2021-12-10 {{cite web , url=http://www.fibaeurope.com/default.asp?cid={0FE489ED-253F-4450-A35E-989CAA4AEA4C}&inplayer=on&inteam=on&intext=on&incoach=on&infoto=on&order=0&search=Tampereen+Pyrint%C3%B6 , title=RESULTS FOR »TAMPEREEN PYRINTÖ« , website=FIBA Europe , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.finavia.fi/sites/default/files/documents/Passengers%20by%20airports_0.pdf , title=Passenger stats , publisher=Finavia , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.finavia.fi/en/airports/tampere-pirkkala/parking-access/public-transport , title=Parking and Transportation: Tampere-Pirkkala public transport , publisher=Finavia , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.finnkino.fi/en/teatterit/cine-atlas/ , title=Finnkino Cine Atlas , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.finnkino.fi/en/teatterit/plevna/ , title=Finnkino Plevna , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://suja.kapsi.fi/fmi-tilastot.php?taulukkomoodi=true , title=FMI open data , publisher=Finnish Meteorological Institute , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/11/19/2337999/0/en/Finnish-Tampere-Deck-Arena-is-now-Nokia-Arena.html , title=Finnish Tampere Deck Arena is now Nokia Arena , work=GlobeNewswire , date=2021-11-19 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://eternalarrival.com/things-to-do-in-tampere-finland/ , title=21 Cool Things to Do in Tampere, Finland , first=Allison , last=Green , website=Eternal Arrival , date=2019-07-25 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://projects.gtk.fi/TAATA/kartoitus/Maaperatutkimukset/Tampere/ , title=Tampereen maaperä , work=Tampereen seudun taajamageologinen kartoitus- ja kehittämishanke (TAATA) , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Category_121/Index.aspx , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024091437/http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Category_121/Index.aspx , title=Guangzhou Sister Cities , publisher=Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office , archive-date=2012-10-24 {{cite book , author=R. Hautamäki , title=Tampereen tarina , year=2015 , isbn=978-951-609-783-4 , language=fi {{cite web , url=https://hckhockey.fi/joukkueiden-aateli/ , title=Jääkiekko Suomessa , website=HCK Hokcey , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite journal , first=Mikko , last=Heikkilä , title=Tampere–saamelaisen Tammerkosken kaupunki , journal=Virittäjä , volume=1 , year=2012 , language=fi {{cite journal , first=Mikko , last=Heikkilä , title=Etymologinen tapaus Tammerkoski , journal=Sananjalka , volume=54 , year=2012 , pages=50–75 , doi=10.30673/sja.86714 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://www.heili.fi/uutiset/item/2852-paras-verkkolehti-ja-finaalissa-myos-lehtikilpailussa , title=Paras verkkolehti, ja finaalissa myös lehtikilpailussa , work=Karjalan Heili , date=2016-11-09 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite news , url=http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/eat-and-drink/4311-the-black-sausage-is-the-pride-of-tampere , title=The black sausage is the pride of Tampere , last=Aleksandrou , first=Anna Maria , date=2012-11-08 , work=Helsinki Times , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/themes/themes/sports/20438-tampere-deck-and-arena-a-new-home-for-hockey.html/ , title=Tampere Deck and Arena a new home for hockey , work=Helsinki Times , date=2021-11-24 , access-date=2021-12-04 {{cite news , url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/themes/themes/science-and-technology/20616-at-europe-s-newest-multipurpose-arena-nokia-arena-doors-open-with-mobile-phones.html , title=At Europe's newest multipurpose arena, Nokia Arena, doors open with mobile phones , work=Helsinki Times , date=2021-12-15 , access-date=2021-12-17 {{cite web , url=https://www.holidayclubresorts.com/en/resorts/tampereen-kylpyla/ , title=Holiday Club Tampereen Kylpylä , date=22 October 2019 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://www.hopealinjat.fi/tietoa/ , url-status=deviated , title=Tietoa meistä , website=hopealinjat.fi , access-date=2021-04-25 , language=fi , archive-date=2019-03-28 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328153305/https://www.hopealinjat.fi/tietoa/ {{cite news , title=Some 15 Finnish towns have twinned with friendship cities in China , date=2013-06-20 , url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Some+15+Finnish+towns+have+twinned+with+friendship+cities+in+China/1135230364434 , url-status=dead , work=Helsingin Sanomat International Edition , archive-date=2013-10-23 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023062159/http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Some%2B15%2BFinnish%2Btowns%2Bhave%2Btwinned%2Bwith%2Bfriendship%2Bcities%2Bin%2BChina/1135230364434 {{cite news , url=https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000007672870.html , title=Kansainvälisesti kiinnostavaa Koskinen-rikosdraamaa kuvataan nyt "karuissa ja mielenkiintoisissa kohteissa" – Valokuvat näyttävät kuvausten rankan arjen , date=2020-12-10 , work= Helsingin Sanomat , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi , first=Nina , last=Lehtinen {{cite news , url=https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000007650667.html , title=Nyt valitaan Suomen kakkoskaupunki , date=2020-11-30 , work= Helsingin Sanomat , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi , first1=Jukka , last1=Harju , first2=Toni , last2=Lehtinen {{cite news , url=https://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/art-2000002690780.html , title=Nokian juuret ovat Tammerkosken rannalla , date=2013-11-22 , work= Helsingin Sanomat , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi , first=Johanna , last=Tikkanen {{cite web , url=https://www.iihf.com/en/news/13211/arena-in-tampere-gets-ready-for-2022-worlds , title=IIHF: Arena in Tampere gets ready for 2022 Worlds , date=2019-06-17 , publisher=IIHF , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2022/wm/static/24193/tampere_deck_arena/ , title=Nokia Arena , date=2021-01-20 , publisher=IIHF , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2022/wm/news/33601/22_great_tampere_moments , title=22 great Tampere moments , date=2022-05-13 , publisher=IIHF , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite book , first=Jussi , last=Iltanen , title=Suomen kuntavaakunat , year=2013 , page=88 , publisher=Karttakeskus , language=fi {{cite web , url=https://ilvesedustus.fi/ , website=ilvesedustus.fi , title=Ilvesedustus , access-date=2021-12-09 {{cite web , url=http://innovationcapital.fi/innovation-story/a-history-of-continuous-change-and-innovation , title=A history of continuous change and innovation , first=Mika , last=Kautonen , work=Smart Tampere Ecosystem , date=2015-11-18 , access-date=2021-12-09 {{cite web , title=Islam arkistot , url=https://uskonnot.fi/yhteiso-osasto/islam/ , access-date=2022-07-25 , website=Uskonnot Suomessa , language=fi {{cite web , url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/k/cp9vzLGMB/Liite10_Tampereen_tarina.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjau_e-3PDvAhVQ6qQKHW_wCc0QFjAAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw3w1rXNyRPTPv1KEBhCVsha , title=Tampereen tarina , first=Aarno , last=Isomäki , publisher=City of Tampere , language=fi , format=PDF {{cite web , url=http://www.jchelsinki.fi/en/community , url-status=deviated , title=About Our Community , website=Jewish Community of Helsinki , language=fi, en , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101082758/http://jchelsinki.fi/en/community , archive-date=2015-11-01 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , title=Ilmahälytys! , first=Jouko , last=Juonala , work=Talvisota: Ilta-Sanomien erikoislehti , year=2019 , publisher=Sanoma Media Finland Oy , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www15.uta.fi/koskivoimaa/arki/1940-60/yliopisto.html , title=Korkeakoululaitos saapuu Tampereelle , first=Sampsa , last=Kaataja , work=Koskesta voimaa , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://projects.gtk.fi/export/sites/projects/TAATA/kartoitus/liitteet/Taata_Tampereen_alueen_kalliopera.pdf , title=Tampereen alueen kallioperä , first=Yrjö , last=Kähkönen , date=2009 , work=GTK , access-date=2020-10-26 , language=fi {{cite web , url=https://www.kalatalo.fi/tampereen_kalamarkkinat/index_kalamarkkinat.htm , website=kalatalo.fi , title=Tampereen kalamarkkinat , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://koivu.luomus.fi/kasviatlas/maps.php?taxon=40434&year=2010 , title=Metsätammi (Quercus robur) , website=luomus.fi , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5pxlRx6kV/Watering_the_City_of_Tampere.pdf , url-status=dead , title=Watering the city of Tampere , first1=Tapio S. , last1=katko , first2=Petri S. , last2=Juuti , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024325/http://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5pxlRx6kV/Watering_the_City_of_Tampere.pdf , archive-date=2011-09-27 {{cite book , first=Gary , last=Kaunonen , title=Challenge Accepted: A Finnish Immigrant Response to Industrial America in Michigan's Copper Country , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xp9DBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT22 , year=2010 , publisher=MSU Press , isbn=978-1-62895-154-7 , page=22 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite 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Suomen virallinen tilasto, ISSN 1796-0479 (pdf), ISBN 978-952-317-241-8 , date=2016 , location=Helsinki , publisher=Liikennevirasto , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite book , url=https://www.tampere.fi/liitteet/t/bV6J59ALc/Tampereen_tarina.pdf , url-status=dead , last=Lind , first=Mari , year=2015 , title=Tampereen tarina , language=fi , isbn=978-951-609-783-4 , archive-date=2016-04-04 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404123803/http://www.tampere.fi/liitteet/t/bV6J59ALc/Tampereen_tarina.pdf {{cite web , url=http://www.digipaper.fi/psviikkolehti/5280/index.php?pgnumb=22 , url-status=dead , title=Linkosuon kahvilat 50 vuotta , work=Pirkanmaan Sanomat , language=fi , archive-date=2015-01-10 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110001237/http://www.digipaper.fi/psviikkolehti/5280/index.php?pgnumb=22 {{cite web , url=http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624211727/http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka/ , title=Miasta partnerskie – Urząd Miasta Łodzi , archive-date=2013-06-24 , website=City of
Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canti ...
, language=pl
{{cite book , author=Maija Louhivaara , title=Tampereen kadunnimet , year=1999 , location=Tampere , publisher=Tampereen museot , isbn=951-609-105-9 , language=fi {{cite web , url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/01/28.htm , title=J. V. Stalin: ″Lenin: A Speech Delivered at a Memorial Meeting of the Kremlin Military School, January 28, 1924″ , website=Marxists.org , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://www.is.fi/menaiset/vapaalla/art-2000008127331.html , title=Ratikan verran rakastettavampi! Listasimme 14 syytä, joiden vuoksi Tampere on aivan ykkösmesta , trans-title=Why is Tampere so popular? Here's 14 reasons! , work= Ilta-Sanomat , date=2021-07-15 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite Merriam-Webster , Tampere , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://metalitalia.com/intervista/nightwish-the-greatest-shows-on-earth/ , title=NIGHTWISH – The Greatest Show(s) On Earth , language=it , access-date=2022-07-25 , date=2016-12-20 , website=metalitalia.com {{cite web , url=https://muumimuseo.fi/en/ , title=Moomin Museum , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite book , first=Leena , last=Willberg , title=Pirkanmaan kuntien tunnukset , year=1987 , publisher=Tampereen kaupungin museot, Pirkanmaan maakuntamuseo , isbn=951-9430-21-0 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://newsnowfinland.fi/domestic/top-gear-finlands-busiest-roads-revealed , url-status=dead , title=Top Gear: Finland's Busiest Roads Revealed , date=2018-03-19 , archive-date=2021-01-27 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127030617/https://newsnowfinland.fi/domestic/top-gear-finlands-busiest-roads-revealed {{cite book , first=Jari , last=Niemelä , title=Tamperelaisen tiedon portaat , year=2008 , publisher=Tampere-seura , isbn=978-952-5558-05-0 , language=fi {{cite book , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jz7B4Pd0ngC&pg=PT438 , first=Roger , last=Norum , title=The Rough Guide to Finland , date=2010-06-01 , publisher=Rough Guides , isbn=978-1-84836-969-6 , page=438 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://www.opiskelijantampere.fi/teatterit/ , title=Teatterit , website=Opiskelijan Tampere , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{Cite dictionary , url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Tampere , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182214/https://www.lexico.com/definition/tampere , url-status=dead , archive-date=22 March 2020 , title=Tampere , dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary , publisher=Oxford University Press {{cite web , url=https://kartta.paikkatietoikkuna.fi/?zoomLevel=4&coord=333084.02072232927_6831034.471158184&mapLayers=801+50+default,1487+100+default&uuid=90246d84-3958-fd8c-cb2c-2510cccca1d3&noSavedState=true&showIntro=false , title=Paikkatietoikkuna , website=Paikkatietoikkuna.fi , publisher=maanmittauslaitos.fi , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://auringonalla.pallontallaajat.net/2015/08/09/greatest-show-on-earth/ , url-status=deviated , title=Greatest show on Earth , website=Pallontallaajat , language=fi , archive-date=2020-06-13 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613093446/http://auringonalla.pallontallaajat.net/2015/08/09/greatest-show-on-earth/ {{cite book , url=https://www.tampere.fi/liitteet/5o2F1q9zz/jarvivesiraportti07.pdf , last=Palomäki , first=Risto , others=Sanna Junttanen, Heli Ylinen , title=Tampereen kaupungin alueella sijaitsevien järvien kehitys ja niiden vedenlaatu 1990-2005 , isbn=978-951-609-320-1 , archive-date=2019-09-05 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905113714/https://www.tampere.fi/liitteet/5o2F1q9zz/jarvivesiraportti07.pdf , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www15.uta.fi/koskivoimaa/vuodet/1905/1905b.htm , url-status=dead , title=Lenin ja Stalin kohtaavat - myyttejä ja historiaa , website=uta.fi , last=Palonen , first=Osmo , language=fi , archive-date=2018-06-04 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604135051/http://www15.uta.fi/koskivoimaa/vuodet/1905/1905b.htm {{cite web , url=https://www.pirkankylat.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Pirkanmaa-kulttuurialueena-Juha-Kuisma-2020.pdf , title=Pirkanmaa kulttuurialueena , publisher=Pirkan Kylät ry , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.pirkanmaa.fi/tutki/pirkanmaa-perustietoa/pirkanmaan-historiaa/teollistumisen-varhaisvaiheet/ , url-status=deviated , title=Teollistumisen varhaisvaiheet , website=Pirkanmaa , language=fi , archive-date=2020-09-16 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916195057/https://www.pirkanmaa.fi/tutki/pirkanmaa-perustietoa/pirkanmaan-historiaa/teollistumisen-varhaisvaiheet/ {{cite web , url=http://www.kolumbus.fi/risti/english.html , url-status=dead , title=Pyhä Risti Seurakunta , website=kolumbus.fi , archive-date=2011-05-27 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527052636/http://www.kolumbus.fi/risti/english.html {{cite journal , first=Pauli , last=Rahkonen , title=Tampere–saamelainen koskiappellatiivi , journal=Virittäjä , volume=2 , year=2011 , language=fi {{cite book , first=Viljo , last=Rasila , title=Pirkanmaan synty , publisher=Tampereen historiallinen seura , year=1985 , pages=6–25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd , url-status=dead , title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District , work=Twins2010.com , archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5lctsW5KG?url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd , archive-date=2009-11-28 , format=PDF {{cite web , url=http://www.samskolan.fi/index.html , title=Samskolan , website=www.samskolan.fi , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=sv {{cite web , url=http://www.sanomalehdet.fi/sanomalehtitieto/levikki , url-status=dead , title=Sanomalehtien levikkikehitys 2012–2014 , publisher=Sanomalehtien Liitto , language=fi , archive-date=2016-10-28 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028193918/http://www.sanomalehdet.fi/sanomalehtitieto/levikki {{cite book , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wu3cAQAACAA , first=Ossi , last=Säpyskä , title=Autoliikenteen vaiheet Pirkanmaalla , publisher=Pirkanmaan autoalan veteraanit , year=1988 , isbn=9789529001934 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.sarkanniemi.fi/sarkanniemi-yrityksena/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806022341/http://www.sarkanniemi.fi/sarkanniemi-yrityksena/ , archive-date=2015-08-06 , title=Särkänniemi yrityksenä , website=sarkanniemi.fi , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.sauna-open-air.fi/ , url-status=dead , title=Sauna Open Air – Official Site , archive-date=2007-08-14 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814003442/http://www.sauna-open-air.fi/ {{cite web , url=https://saunafromfinland.com/sauna-destinations-in-finland/tampere-sauna-capital/ , title=Tampere – the Sauna Capital of the World ~ Sauna from Finland , date=2019-02-25 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite journal , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzuUGwAACAAJ , first=Uuno , last=Sinisalo , year=1947 , title=Tampereen kirja , journal=Tampere-Seuran Julkaisuja , language=fi , publisher=Tampere-Seura , issn=0356-987X {{cite news , url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/aikakausi/binding/889814/image/43 , title=Tampereen uusi linja-autoasema , date=1938-12-17 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi , work=Suomen Kuvalehti , issue=50 {{cite web , url=https://sponda.fi/en/a-dynamic-city-of-growth-tampere-is-the-second-largest-urban-centre-in-finland/ , title=A dynamic city of growth – Tampere is the second largest urban centre in Finland , date=2018-04-13 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.spottedbylocals.com/blog/tampere-is-the-sauna-capital-of-the-world/ , title=Tampere is the Sauna Capital of the World , date=2020-03-16 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.spottinghistory.com/view/145/tampere-city-hall/ , title=Tampere City Hall , website=spottinghistory.com , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://www.srv.fi/tiedotteet/tampereen-kannen-uusi-nokia-arena-on-valmistunut-ensimmainen-tapahtuma-tanaan/ , title=Tampereen Kannen uusi Nokia Arena on valmistunut – ensimmäinen tapahtuma tänään , work=SRV Yhtiöt Oyj , date=2021-12-03 , access-date=2021-12-04 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.stat.fi/til/alyr/2014/alyr_2014_2015-12-18_tau_001_en.html , title=Appendix table 1. 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archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310201431/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/t/wGqW9yEuh/Julkinen_Tampereen_asuntokanta_ja_asuntorakentamisen_nakymat.pdf {{cite web , url=http://www.tampere.fi/english/tampereinbrief/history/index.html , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228062929/http://www.tampere.fi/english/tampereinbrief/history/index.html , title=The City Of Tampere – Tampere in brief – History , archive-date=2009-12-28 {{cite web , url=https://www.tampere.fi/en/city-of-tampere/info/current-issues/2022/05/12052022_1.html , url-status=deviated , title=Tampere's hockey hype hits new heights at Ice Hockey World Championship , date=2022-05-12 , publisher=City of Tampere , archive-date=2022-05-12 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512070043/https://www.tampere.fi/en/city-of-tampere/info/current-issues/2022/05/12052022_1.html {{cite web , url=http://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/j/v1pygBEOp/johtamisjarjestelman_kuvaus.pdf , url-status=dead , 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archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614124916/https://www.tampere.fi/liikenne-ja-kadut/pyoraily-ja-jalankulku/pyorailyn-ja-jalankulun-edistaminen.html {{cite web , url=http://www.tampere.fi/tampereinfo/sanoinjakuvin/kysyttya.html , url-status=deviated , title=Usein kysyttyä , publisher=City of Tampere , date=2011-10-04 , language=fi , archive-date=2015-09-26 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926104125/http://www.tampere.fi/tampereinfo/sanoinjakuvin/kysyttya.html {{cite web , url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/l/dJ2z8T0j5/liikenteen_kehitys_liikennemaararaportti2019_liitteineen.saavutettava.pdf , url-status=dead , title=Liikenteen kehitys Tampereella vuonna 2019 , date=2020-08-13 , publisher=City of Tampere , language=fi , archive-date=2021-01-30 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130113738/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/l/dJ2z8T0j5/liikenteen_kehitys_liikennemaararaportti2019_liitteineen.saavutettava.pdf {{cite web , 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archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831184516/https://www.tampere.fi/varhaiskasvatus-ja-koulutus/esiopetus-ja-perusopetus/kaksikielinen-esi-ja-perusopetus.html {{cite web , url=http://www.tampere-talo.fi/Ooppera/English.htm , url-status=deviated , title=Tampereen ooppera , archive-date=2007-02-07 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207025302/http://www.tampere-talo.fi/Ooppera/English.htm {{cite web , url=http://tilastot.mbnet.fi/html/tampere_pirkkala.html , title=Tampere, Härmälä keskilämpötilat 1961- , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.pirkanmaa.fi/wp-content/uploads/Tampere-Region-2017_basic-information.pdf , url-status=deviated , title=Tampere Region — The Council of Tampere Region 2017 , archive-date=2020-08-08 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808003749/http://www.pirkanmaa.fi/wp-content/uploads/Tampere-Region-2017_basic-information.pdf {{cite web , 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Tampere University Tampere University (, shortened TAU) is a Finnish university that was established on 1 January, 2019 as a merger between the University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology. The new university is also the major shareholder of Tampere U ...
, date=2018-12-13 , access-date=2022-07-25
{{cite web , url=http://www.students.tut.fi/~eto/turunsanomat06.pdf , url-status=dead , title=Kymmenettä kertaa Turkua upottamassa , date=2006-04-21 , website=students.tut.fi , language=fi , archive-date=2011-10-03 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003214742/http://www.students.tut.fi/~eto/turunsanomat06.pdf {{cite web , url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/fi.htm , url-status=deviated , title=United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations (UN/LOCODE)- (FI) Finland , website=unece.org , archive-date=2020-02-18 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218025142/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/fi.htm {{cite book , first=Mikko , last=Uola , title=Mitä Missä Milloin 1979 , year=1978 , page=198 , publisher=Otava (publisher), Otava , isbn=951-1-04873-2 , language=fi {{cite news , title=Below budget and on schedule: Tampere tramway inaugurated! , url=https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/below-budget-and-on-schedule-tampere-tramway-inaugurated/ , website=Urban Transport Magazine , date=2021-08-08 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=https://webpages.tuni.fi/koskivoimaa/kaupunki/1918-40/asema38.html , title=Pohjoismaiden suurin linja-autoasema , last=Keskinen , first=Jouni , website=
Tampere University Tampere University (, shortened TAU) is a Finnish university that was established on 1 January, 2019 as a merger between the University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology. The new university is also the major shareholder of Tampere U ...
, language=fi
{{cite web , url=http://www.uta.fi/utain/2003s/16/6153.html , url-status=deviated , title=Tampere ei avaudu tutkijoille , date=2003-11-19 , last=Kumpu , first=Ville , work=Utain – Tampereen yliopiston toimittajakoulutuksen viikkolehti , publisher=
University of Tampere The University of Tampere (UTA) ( fi, Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), ) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019. The university offered u ...
, language=fi , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050326164055/http://www.uta.fi/utain/2003s/16/6153.html , archive-date=2005-03-26
{{cite web , url=https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2020/07/02/nokia-kannykoiden-tutkimuskeskus-tampereelle/ , title=Nokia-kännyköiden tutkimuskeskus Tampereelle , work=Uusi Teknologia , date=2020-07-02 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=http://www.tampere.fi/kirjastotjaarkistot/kaupunginarkisto/nayttelyarkisto/vaakunat.html , url-status=deviated , title=Tampereen vaakunat , language=fi , website=City of Tampere , archive-date=2014-08-10 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810164423/http://www.tampere.fi/kirjastotjaarkistot/kaupunginarkisto/nayttelyarkisto/vaakunat.html {{cite web , url=https://www.vakoilumuseo.fi/spy-museum/ , title=Spy Museum , website=vakoilumuseo.fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://www.tampere.fi/ekstrat/hallinto/aloite/07/38.htm , url-status=dead , title=38 § Erkki Axénin ja Peter Löfbergin ym. valtuustoaloite vanhan Arvid von Cedervallin suunnitteleman vaakunan käyttöönottamiseksi , date=2007-01-17 , publisher=City of Tampere , language=fi , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929154958/http://www.tampere.fi/ekstrat/hallinto/aloite/07/38.htm , archive-date=2008-09-29 {{cite web , url=http://www.visitfinland.com/travel-trade/newsletter/finlands-tallest-hotel-can-now-found-tampere/ , url-status=deviated , title=Finland's tallest hotel can now be found in Tampere , publisher=Visit Finland , date=2014-11-20 , archive-date=2017-09-29 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929184753/http://www.visitfinland.com/travel-trade/newsletter/finlands-tallest-hotel-can-now-found-tampere/ {{cite web , url=http://visittampere.fi/article/blockfest , url-status=deviated , title=Blockfest 2016 , publisher=Visit Tampere , language=fi , archive-date=2016-09-18 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918210331/http://visittampere.fi/article/blockfest {{cite web , url=https://visittampere.fi/en/articles/tampere-deck-arena/ , url-status=deviated , title=Tampere Deck Arena , publisher=Visit Tampere , archive-date=2020-08-09 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809000058/https://visittampere.fi/en/articles/tampere-deck-arena/ {{cite web , url=https://visittampere.fi/en/events/tampere-film-festival/ , url-status=deviated , title=Tampere Film Festival , publisher=Visit Tampere , archive-date=2021-05-17 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517083342/https://visittampere.fi/en/events/tampere-film-festival/ {{cite web , url=https://visittampere.fi/en/news/worlds-most-hipster-cities-revealed-tampere-ranked-number-26/ , url-status=deviated , publisher=Visit Tampere , title=World's most hipster cities revealed: Tampere ranked number 26! , archive-date=2020-06-11 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611075118/https://visittampere.fi/en/news/worlds-most-hipster-cities-revealed-tampere-ranked-number-26/ {{cite web , url=https://visittampere.fi/tapahtumat/tampereen-kalamarkkinat/ , url-status=deviated , publisher=Visit Tampere , title=Tampereen kalamarkkinat , language=fi , archive-date=2022-03-12 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312154052/https://visittampere.fi/tapahtumat/tampereen-kalamarkkinat/ {{cite web , url=http://visittampere.fi/article/top-10-kesaetapahtumat , url-status=deviated , title=Top 10 Kesätapahtumat , publisher=Visit Tampere , language=fi , archive-date=2016-10-21 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021000124/http://visittampere.fi/article/top-10-kesaetapahtumat {{cite web , url=https://visittampere.fi/artikkelit/kun-pyynikilla-leivottiin-maailman-paras-munkki/ , url-status=deviated , title=Kun Pyynikillä leivottiin maailman paras munkki , last=Stenroos , first=Päivi , date=2018-04-27 , publisher=Visit Tampere , language=fi , archive-date=2019-11-12 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112235018/https://visittampere.fi/artikkelit/kun-pyynikilla-leivottiin-maailman-paras-munkki/ {{cite web , url=https://visittampere.fi/artikkelit/teollinen-perinto/ , url-status=deviated , title=Punatiilinen perintö , year=2018 , publisher=Visit Tampere , language=fi , archive-date=2022-03-19 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319091440/https://visittampere.fi/artikkelit/teollinen-perinto/ {{cite book , first=Väinö , last=Voionmaa , year=1929 , title=Tampereen historia 2 , language=fi , publisher=City of Tampere {{cite web , url=https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/gettingtherefast , url-status=deviated , title=Now Finland is even faster - VR , website=www.vr.fi , archive-date=2018-05-29 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529055815/https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/gettingtherefast {{cite book , first=Pekka , last=Vuosara , title=Kantapöydässä , publisher=Linkosuo , year=2004 , isbn=9789529178698 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/04/19/the-man-who-loves-to-crush-things-and-his-growing-audience-of-people-who-love-to-watch/ , title=Welcome to the 'Hydraulic Press' YouTube channel, a truly crushing experience , last=Sensenig , first=Kate , date=2016-04-19 , newspaper=The Washington Post , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://weatheronline.co.uk , website=weatheronline.co.uk , title=weatheronline.uk , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5788249 , title=Poko Rekords 30 vuotta -näyttely avautuu Tampereella , work=YLE , date=2007-05-29 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-6333550 , title=Ahtojäälle ei ole helppo löytää uutta kotia , work=YLE , date=2012-10-14 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-6249419 , title=Kastike koukuttaa kanansiipien kavereita , last=Vesanummi , first=Mari , work=YLE , date=2012-08-10 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-6529611 , title=Tampere valittiin vuoden pyöräilykunnaksi , last=Matson-Mäkelä , first=Kirsi , work=YLE , date=2013-03-08 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-7839337 , title=Pirkanmaan suurimmat yritykset: Kaupan jätti nappasi ykköspaikan kansainväliseltä yhtiöltä , work=YLE , language=fi , date=2015-03-02 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finlands_longest_road_tunnel_opens/9293310 , title=Finland's longest road tunnel opens , work=YLE , date=2016-11-15 , accessdate=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9694432 , title=Kumpi on kovempi, Turku vai Tampere? Testaa tietosi ikuisista tappelupukareista , first1=Heli , last1=Mansikka , first2=Paula , last2=Koskinen , work=YLE , date=2017-06-29 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/news/3-10133848 , title=Tampere rated Finland's most popular city , work=YLE , date=2018-03-26 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11241911 , title=Tampereen Kannen areenasta Uros Live , work=YLE , date=2020-03-05 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11511940 , title=Tampereen areena valmistuu joulukuussa 2021 , last1=Nieminen , first1=Elina , work=YLE , date=2020-08-26 , language=fi , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11802551 , title=Tampere jatkaa keskustan rajua uudistamista miljardihankkeella – katso, miltä rautatieaseman seutu näyttää 15 vuoden kuluttua , first=Mari , last=Jäntti , work=YLE , date=2021-02-23 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12070919 , title=Kun Suomen pisimmässä tunnelissa sattuu jotain, Tampere halvaantuu, sen näki taas – näin tunnelista pelastaudutaan , first=Anu Leena , last=Koskinen , work=YLE , date=2021-08-25 , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12163711 , title=Uros oy sai potkut – Tampereen areena jatkaa nimellä Tampereen Kannen areena , author=Yle , work=YLE , date=2021-10-28 , access-date=2021-11-16 , language=fi {{cite news , url=https://yle.fi/aihe/kategoria/elava-arkisto/tampere-manse-ja-naasville , title=Tampere on Manse ja Nääsville , first=Jukka , last=Lindfors , work=YLE , access-date=2022-07-25 , language=fi {{cite web , url=https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2011/11/21/tesvision-joutsenlaulu , title=Tesvision joutsenlaulu , work=YLE , language=fi , date=2011-11-21 , access-date=2022-07-25 {{cite web , url=http://www.helsinki.fi/ylioppilasmatrikkeli/henkilo.php?id=6269 , url-status=deviated , title=Ylioppilasmatrikkeli 1640–1852: Erik Edner , year=2005 , last=Kotivuori , first=Yrjö , website=University of Helsinki , language=fi , archive-date=2016-03-04 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223035/http://www.helsinki.fi/ylioppilasmatrikkeli/henkilo.php?id=6269 {{cite web , url=https://ylioppilasmatrikkeli.helsinki.fi/henkilo.php?id=12206 , title=Ylioppilasmatrikkeli 1640–1852: Arvid von Cederwald , year=2005 , last=Kotivuori , first=Yrjö , website=University of Helsinki , language=fi {{cite book , title=Ympäristön tila Tampereella 2014 , year=2015 , location=Tampere , publisher=City of Tampere , isbn=978-951-609-755-1 , language=fi


Further reading

* {{cite book , author=Mari Lind, Kimmo Antila & Antti Liuttunen , title=Tammerkoski ja kosken kaupunki , location=Tampere , publisher=Vapriikki , year=2011 , language=fi * {{cite book , author=Harry Lönnroth , title=Tampere kieliyhteisönä , year=2009 , publisher=SKS , isbn=978-952-222-119-3 , language=fi


External links

{{Commons * {{Official website
Visit Tampere – The official Tampere Region visitor website

Virtual City Guide: VirtualTampere.com

Tampere – so much more than the sauna capital of the world
– Visit Finland * Megan Starr
15 Quirky and Alternative Things to Do in Tampere, Finland
– Megan & Aram (''Meganstarr.com''), 1 December 2021.
1952 Summer Olympics official report
{{Webarchive , url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411091045/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1952/OR1952.pdf , date=11 April 2008 pp. 62–3.
Tammerkoski Heritage
– Town's Industrial Heritage Portal
CSSA Tampere Ry

Lunch restaurants in Tampere
* {{Wikivoyage-inline * {{cite EB1911, wstitle=Tammerfors {{Inline audio {{Geographic location , Centre = Tampere , N =
Ruovesi Ruovesi is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Neighbouring municipalities are Juupajoki, Mänttä-Vil ...
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Orivesi Orivesi () is a town and a municipality of Finland. It is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The municipality official language is monoling ...

Kangasala Kangasala is a city in Finland which is situated about 16 kilometres East of Tampere. The city was founded in 1865 and had a population of people as of . Kangasala covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Finnish auth ...
, S = Lempäälä , SW =
Pirkkala Pirkkala (; sv, Birkala) is a municipality of Finland. It is located some south-west from Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is , which makes ...
, W =
Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, i ...
, NW =
Ylöjärvi Ylöjärvi () is a town and a municipality in the Pirkanmaa region, northwest of Tampere and north of the capital city Helsinki in Finland. The town has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . ...
{{Navboxes, list= {{Pirkanmaa {{50 most populous Nordic urban settlements {{50 most populous Finnish municipalities {{1952 Summer Olympic venues {{Olympic venues football {{Finland topics {{Authority control Tampere Populated lakeshore places in Finland Venues of the 1952 Summer Olympics Cities and towns in Finland Inland port cities and towns in Finland Grand Duchy of Finland Olympic football venues Populated places established in 1779 1779 establishments in Europe 18th-century establishments in Finland