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Hugo Salmela
Hugo Salmela (13 June 1884 – 28 March 1918) was one of the Red Guards (Finland), Red Guard military leaders in the 1918 Finnish Civil War. He was a saw-mill worker from the town of Kotka in Eastern Finland, without any military background. Salmela was also known as an enthusiastic amateur actor in the local worker's theatre. After the Red Guards were formed in the late 1917, Salmela became the leader of the Kymi, Finland, Kymi Guard. Civil War As the Civil War broke out in January 1918, Salmela's skills were noticed by Red leaders Ali Aaltonen and Eero Haapalainen. In late February, he was transferred to Tampere, where Salmela replaced Mikhail Svechnikov as the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Front. Since Salmela did not have any military training, the Russian lieutenant colonel Georgi Bulatsel became his advisor. During the Battle of Tampere, Salmela led the defence mainly by himself, with instructions from Bulatsel, as Aaltonen was focusing on drinking. Death Salmela was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parikkala
Parikkala () is a municipality of Finland located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region, from Lappeenranta and from Joensuu. The town center of Parikkala is about from the Russian border. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Parikkala is located around lake Simpele and it is a part of a countryside rich with hills and chains of ridges. The municipality is unilingually Finnish. History Settlements and artifacts dated to the Stone Age and Bronze Age have been found in Parikkala. A permanent settlement was established around the 15th century. Many demarcations had a significant impact to Parikkala's development from the Treaty of Nöteborg on August 12, 1323 to peace treaties signed in 1947 with the Soviet Union; for example, in the Treaty of Nystad from 1721, which in practice defined roughly Finland's current border with Russia, Parikkala remained the only curre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Svechnikov
Mikhail Stepanovich Svechnikov (30 September 1882 – 26 August 1938) was a Russian military officer in the Imperial Russian Army and the Red Army. He is best known as one of the military leaders of the Red Guards in the 1918 Finnish Civil War. Career After his service in the Imperial Russian Army, Svechnikov took part at the 1917 October Revolution.Свечников Михаил Степанович (Черушевы, 2014) (in Russian). Расстрелянное поколение. Retrieved 8 July 2015. During the 1918 Finnish Civil War he worked as a military advisor for the Red Guards. In February 1918, Svechnikov was shortly the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Front, replaced then by |
People From Parikkala
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 Deaths
This year is noted for the end of the World War I, First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – 1918 flu pandemic: The "Spanish flu" (influenza) is first observed in Haskell County, Kansas. * January 4 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia, Sweden, German Empire, Germany and France. * January 9 – Battle of Bear Valley: U.S. troops engage Yaqui people, Yaqui Native American warriors in a minor skirmish in Arizona, and one of the last battles of the American Indian Wars between the United States and Native Americans. * January 15 ** The keel of is laid in Britain, the first purpose-designed aircraft carrier to be laid down. ** The Red Army (The Workers and Peasants Red Army) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1884 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Princess Ida'' premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 18 – Dr. William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent. * February 1 – ''A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1'' (edited by James A. H. Murray), the first fascicle of what will become ''The Oxford English Dictionary'', is published in England. * February 5 – Derby County Football Club is founded in England. * March 13 – The siege of Khartoum, Sudan, begins (ends on January 26, 1885). * March 28 – Prince Leopold, the youngest son and the eighth child of Queen Victoria and Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalevankangas Cemetery
Kalevankangas Cemetery ( fi, Kalevankankaan hautausmaa) is a cemetery in the Kalevanharju district within the city of Tampere, Finland. History The Kalevankangas Cemetery was consecrated in 1880. During the Battle of Tampere, Kalevankangas was the scene of much conflict. The first goal of the White Guard had been to take Kalevankangas, the barrack area and the graveyard. The Swedish volunteers were on the right, and the Jägers were on the left. The Reds were protected by the gravestones and White veterans would later recall that it seemed nearly impossible to get to them. The Battle of Tampere was the bloodiest battle of the entire Finnish Civil War, and the bloodiest in Finnish history at that point in time. Kalevankangas Cemetery still has headstones that have been shattered, or which have bullet holes. The killed Reds and those who later died in the Tampere camp were buried in mass grave of 2,700 people. In 1928, a memorial was erected to remember the victims of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Guards (Finland)
The White Guard or Civil Guard (, ; ; ) was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. They were generally known as the "White Guard" in the West due to their opposition to the "communist" Red Guards. In the White Army of Finland many participants were recruits, draftees and German-trained Jägers – rather than part of the paramilitary. The central organization was named the White Guard Organization, and the organization consisted of local chapters in municipalities. The Russian revolution of 1905 led to social and political unrest and a breakdown of security in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Russian Tsar. Citizen militias formed as a response, but soon these would be transformed along political (left-right) lines. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent independence of Finland (declared in December 1917) also caused conflicts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyynikinharju
The Pyynikki Esker (or the Pyynikki Ridge; fi, Pyynikinharju) is the tallest longitudinal esker in the world, located in Pyynikki, Tampere, Finland.Tutustu Tampereen luontoon (in Finnish) The ridge rises to a height of 160 meters above sea level and 80 meters above the surface of Lake Pyhäjärvi. The Pyynikki Esker belongs to the ridge formation that extends from South Ostrobothnia to Salpausselkä. The ridge formation continues west of the Pyyni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kustaa Salminen
Kustaa is a Finnish masculine name derived from Gustav Gustav, Gustaf or Gustave may refer to: *Gustav (name), a male given name of Old Swedish origin Art, entertainment, and media * ''Primeval'' (film), a 2007 American horror film * ''Gustav'' (film series), a Hungarian series of animated short cart .... Notable people named Kustaa include: * Arvo Kustaa Halberg (1910–2000), leader of the Communist Party USA * Kaarlo Kustaa Lappalainen (1877–1965), Finnish sport shooter * Kalle Kustaa Paasia (1883–1961), Finnish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics * Kustaa Pihlajamäki (1902–1944), Finnish freestyle wrestler and Olympic champion * Kustaa Rovio (1887–1938), Finnish Communist politician who fled to the Russian SFSR after the Finnish Civil War {{given name Finnish masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tampere
The Battle of Tampere was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle, fought in Tampere, Finland from 15 March to 6 April between the Whites and the Reds. It is the most famous and the heaviest of all the Finnish Civil War battles. Today it is particularly remembered for its bloody aftermath as the Whites executed hundreds of capitulated Reds and took 11,000 prisoners placed in the Kalevankangas camp. Background In the 1910s, Tampere was the third largest town in Finland with a population of approximately 60,000, including the suburbs. It was the most industrialized town in Finland which was considered the capital of the Finnish labour movement. Tampere had played a key role in the 1905 general strike and the town was a stronghold for the trade unions and the Social Democratic Party. As the Civil War started in late January 1918, the Reds targeted the important railway junction of Haapamäki, 100 kilometres north of Tampere. The frontline was soon established 50–60 kilometres north o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgi Bulatsel
Georgy Viktorovich Bulatsel (russian: Гео́ргий Ви́кторович Булаце́ль; 187528 April 1918) was a lieutenant colonel in the Imperial Russian Army. After the Russian Revolution, he was a military advisor for the Red Guards in the 1918 Finnish Civil War. Bulatsel was one of the highest-ranked Russian officers who joined the Finnish Reds. Russo-Japanese War and the World War I Georgy Bulatsel was born to a noble family in Kharkiv. In 1904–1905 he fought in the Russo-Japanese War and was later transferred to Finland, which was then a part of the Russian Empire. During World War I, Bulatsel fought against the Germans on the Eastern Front but caught typhoid and returned to Finland. Before the 1917 Revolution, Bulatsel was the Commander of the 421th Regiment, based in Rauma, Western Finland.Haapala, Pertti & Hoppu, Tuomas: ″Sisällissodan pikkujättiläinen″, p. 174. WSOY, 2009. . Finnish Civil War As the Finnish Civil War started in January 1918, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eero Haapalainen
Eero Haapalainen (Russian Эро Эрович Хаапалайнен, ''Ero Erovich Khaapalaynen''; 27 October 1880 – 27 November 1937) was a Finnish politician, trade unionist and journalist, who was one of the most prominent figures of the Finnish socialist movement in the first two decades of the 1900s. In the 1918 Finnish Civil War he served as the commander-in-chief of the Red Guards. After the war, Haapalainen fled to Soviet Russia where he joined the exile Communist Party of Finland and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was executed during the Great Purge in 1937. Life Early years Eero Haapalainen was born in the town of Kuopio in eastern Finland. His father Aaro was a carpenter and the mother, Wilhelmiina Kinnunen, a housewife who earned extra income as a seamstress for the shop of the author and social activist Minna Canth. Parents wanted him to become a priest, but after graduating from the Kuopio Lyceum, Haapalainen studied for two years in a business col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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