A 20th-century
system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system (see also the Thorne & Reveal system) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist
James Reveal (1941-2015). The system was published online in 1997 in ten parts as lecture notes comparing the major systems in use at that time. Subsequently, Reveal became an author with the consensus
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) on the
APG II 2003 and
APG III 2009 processes. Although this largely supplanted the earlier and competing systems, he collaborated with
Robert Thorne on his system (2007), and subsequently continued to develop his own system.
1997 system
* division
Magnoliophyta angiosperms*: class
Magnoliopsida
*:: subclass
Magnoliidae
*: class
Piperopsida
*:: subclass
Piperidae
*:: subclass
Nymphaeidae
*:: subclass
Nelumbonidae
*: class
Liliopsida monocots*:: subclass
Triurididae
*:: subclass
Aridae
*:: subclass
Liliidae
*:: subclass
Arecidae
*:: subclass
Commelinidae
*:: subclass
Zingiberidae
*: class
Ranunculopsida
*:: subclass
Ranunculidae
*: class
Rosopsida
*:: subclass
Caryophyllidae
*:: subclass
Hamamelididae
*:: subclass
Dilleniidae
*:: subclass
Rosidae
*:: subclass
Cornidae
*:: subclass
Lamiidae
*:: subclass
Asteridae
----
In more detail:
* division 6.
Magnoliophyta
*: class 1.
Magnoliopsida
*:: subclass 1.
Magnoliidae
*::: superorder 1.
Magnolianae
*:::: order 1.
Winterales
*::::: family 1.
Winteraceae
*:::: order 2.
Canellales
*::::: family 1.
Canellaceae
*:::: order 3.
Illiciales
*::::: family 1.
Illiciaceae
*::::: family 2.
Schisandraceae
*:::: order 4.
Magnoliales
The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Magnoliales include: magnolias, Liriodendron, tulip trees, Annona squamosa, custard apples, Asimina triloba, American pawpaw, cherimoyas, Cananga odorata, ylang-ylang, Sours ...
*::::: family 1.
Degeneriaceae
*::::: family 2.
Himantandraceae
*::::: family 3.
Magnoliaceae
The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: '' Magnolia'' and ''Liriodendron'' (tulip trees).
Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), ...
*:::: order 5.
Eupomatiales
*::::: family 1.
Eupomatiaceae
*:::: order 6.
Annonales
*::::: family 1.
Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest ...
*:::: order 7.
Myristicales
*::::: family 1.
Myristicaceae
*:::: order 8.
Austrobaileyales
Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants consisting of about 100 species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. A well known example is '' Illicium verum'', commonly known as star anise. The order belongs to the group of b ...
*::::: family 1.
Austrobaileyaceae
''Austrobaileya'' is the sole genus in the plant family Austrobaileyaceae – the family is thus 'monotypic' as it includes a single child taxon. It is one of the basal angiosperm families, the most ancient group of flowering plants. The genu ...
*::: superorder 2.
Lauranae
*:::: order 1.
Laurales
*::::: family 1.
Amborellaceae
*::::: family 2.
Trimeniaceae
*::::: family 3.
Monimiaceae
*::::: family 4.
Gomortegaceae
*::::: family 5.
Hernandiaceae
*::::: family 6.
Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant Family (biology), family that includes the bay laurel, true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genus (biology), genera worldwide. They are dicotyled ...
*:::: order 2.
Calycanthales
*::::: family 1.
Calycanthaceae
*::::: family 2. Idiospermaceae (now part of Calycantaceae)
*:::: order 3.
Chloranthales
*::::: family 1.
Chloranthaceae
*: class 2.
Piperopsida
*:: subclass 1.
Piperidae
*::: superorder 1.
Piperanae
*:::: order 1.
Piperales
*::::: family 1.
Saururaceae
*::::: family 2.
Piperaceae
The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family (biology), family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two mai ...
*::: superorder 2.
Lactoridanae
*:::: order 1.
Lactoridales
*::::: family 1.
Lactoridaceae
*:::: order 2.
Aristolochiales
*::::: family 1.
Aristolochiaceae
*::: superorder 3.
Rafflesianae
*:::: order 1.
Hydnorales
*::::: family 1.
Hydnoraceae
Hydnoroideae is a subfamily of holoparasitism, parasitic flowering plants in the order Piperales. Traditionally, and as recently as the APG III system it given family rank under the name Hydnoraceae. It is now submerged in the Aristolochiaceae. I ...
*:::: order 2.
Rafflesiales
*::::: family 1.
Apodanthaceae
*::::: family 2.
Mitrastemonaceae
*::::: family 3.
Rafflesiaceae
The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are e ...
*::::: family 4.
Cytinaceae
*::: superorder 4.
Balanophoranae
*:::: order 1.
Cynomoriales
*::::: family 1.
Cynomoriaceae
*:::: order 2.
Balanophorales
*::::: family 1.
Mystropetalaceae
*::::: family 2.
Dactylanthaceae
*::::: family 3.
Lophophytaceae
*::::: family 4.
Sarcophytaceae
*::::: family 5.
Scybaliaceae
*::::: family 6.
Heloseaceae
*::::: family 7.
Langsdorffiaceae
*::::: family 8.
Balanophoraceae
The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alterna ...
*:: subclass 2.
Nymphaeidae
*::: superorder 1.
Nymphaeanae
*:::: order 1.
Nymphaeales
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-divergin ...
*::::: family 1.
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate climate, temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 know ...
*::::: family 2.
Barclayaceae
*:: subclass 3.
Nelumbonidae
*::: superorder 1.
Nelumbonanae
*:::: order 1.
Nelumbonales
*::::: family 1.
Nelumbonaceae
*:::: order 2.
Hydropeltidales
*::::: family 1.
Hydropeltidaceae
*::::: family 2.
Cabombaceae
*::: superorder 2.
Ceratophyllanae
*:::: order 1.
Ceratophyllales
*::::: family 1.
Ceratophyllaceae
*: class 3.
Liliopsida
*:: subclass 1.
Alismatidae
*::: superorder 1.
Butomanae
*:::: order 1.
Butomales
*::::: family 1.
Butomaceae
*::: superorder 2.
Alismatanae
*:::: order 1.
Alismatales
*::::: family 1.
Limnocharitaceae
*::::: family 2.
Alismataceae
The water-plantains (Alismataceae) are a family of flowering plants, comprising 20 genera (17 extant and 3 fossil) and 119 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northe ...
*:::: order 2.
Hydrocharitales
*::::: family 1.
Hydrocharitaceae
*:::: order 3.
Aponogetonales
*::::: family 1.
Aponogetonaceae
*:::: order 4.
Najadales
*::::: family 1.
Najadaceae
*:::: order 5.
Juncaginales
*::::: family 1.
Scheuchzeriaceae
*::::: family 2.
Juncaginaceae
*:::: order 6.
Potamogetonales
*::::: family 1.
Potamogetonaceae
*::::: family 2.
Ruppiaceae
*::::: family 3.
Zannichelliaceae
*::::: family 4.
Zosteraceae
*::::: family 5.
Posidoniaceae
*::::: family 6.
Cymodoceaceae
Cymodoceaceae is a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the "manatee-grass family", which includes only marine species.
The 2016 APG IV does recognize Cymodoceaceae and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. The ...
*:: subclass 2.
Triurididae
*::: superorder 1.
Triuridanae
*:::: order 1.
Triuridales
*::::: family 1.
Triuridaceae
*:: subclass 3.
Aridae
*::: superorder 1.
Acoranae
*:::: order 1.
Acorales
*::::: family 1.
Acoraceae
*::: superorder 2.
Aranae
*:::: order 1.
Arales
*::::: family 1.
Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also ...
*::: superorder 3.
Cyclanthanae
*:::: order 1.
Cyclanthales
*::::: family 1.
Cyclanthaceae
*::: superorder 4.
Pandananae
*:::: order 1.
Pandanales
*::::: family 1.
Pandanaceae
*:: subclass 4.
Liliidae
*:::: order 1.
Lilianae
*:::: order 1.
Tofieldiales
*::::: family 1.
Tofieldiaceae
*:::: order 2.
Dioscoreales
*::::: family 1.
Trichopodaceae
*::::: family 2.
Stenomeridaceae
*::::: family 3.
Avetraceae
*::::: family 4.
Dioscoreaceae
*::::: family 5.
Stemonaceae
*::::: family 6.
Croomiaceae
*::::: family 7.
Pentastemonaceae
*::::: family 8.
Taccaceae
*:::: order 3.
Smilacales
*::::: family 1.
Ripogonaceae
*::::: family 2.
Smilacaceae
*::::: family 3.
Petermanniaceae
*:::: order 4.
Nartheciales
*::::: family 1.
Nartheciaceae
*:::: order 5.
Petrosaviales
*::::: family 1.
Petrosaviaceae
*:::: order 6.
Melanthiales
Melanthiales Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link, Link (melanthoid lilies) was an Order (biology), order of monocotyledons, whose name and botanical authority is derived by typification from the description of the Type (biology), type Family (biology), ...
*::::: family 1.
Chionographidaceae
*::::: family 2.
Heloniadaceae
*::::: family 3.
Xerophyllaceae
*::::: family 4.
Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plant, flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered member ...
*::::: family 5.
Japonoliriaceae
*::::: family 6.
Campynemataceae
*:::: order 7.
Trilliales
*::::: family 1.
Trilliaceae
*:::: order 8.
Alstroemeriales
*::::: family 1.
Alstroemeriaceae
*:::: order 9.
Colchicales
*::::: family 1.
Burchardiaceae
*::::: family 2.
Colchicaceae
Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; ...
*::::: family 3.
Tricyrtidaceae
*::::: family 4.
Uvulariaceae
*::::: family 5.
Scoliopaceae
*::::: family 6.
Calochortaceae
*:::: order 10.
Liliales
Liliales is an order (biology), order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web List of systems of plant classification, system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includ ...
*::::: family 1.
Liliaceae
*::::: family 2.
Medeolaceae
*:::: order 11.
Hypoxidales
*::::: family 1.
Hypoxidaceae
*:::: order 12.
Orchidales
*::::: family 1.
Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...
*:::: order 13.
Tecophilaeales
*::::: family 1.
Lanariaceae
*::::: family 2.
Ixioliriaceae
*::::: family 3.
Walleriaceae
*::::: family 4.
Tecophilaeaceae
Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species.
The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (u ...
*::::: family 5.
Cyanastraceae
*::::: family 6.
Eriospermaceae
*:::: order 14.
Iridales
*::::: family 1.
Iridaceae
Iridaceae () is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the Iris (plant), irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically importan ...
*:::: order 15.
Burmanniales
*::::: family 1.
Burmanniaceae
*::::: family 2.
Corsiaceae
*:::: order 16.
Amaryllidales
*::::: family 1.
Hyacinthaceae
*::::: family 2.
Themidaceae
*::::: family 3.
Alliaceae
*::::: family 4.
Hesperocallidaceae
*::::: family 5.
Amaryllidaceae
The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryl ...
*:::: order 17.
Asparagales
Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) are a diverse order of flowering plants in the monocots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification, Asparagales are the largest order of monocots with 14 families, 1,122 genera, and about 36,00 ...
*::::: family 2.
Convallariaceae
*::::: family 3.
Ophiopogonaceae
*::::: family 4.
Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, '' Asparagus officinalis''. This family includes both ...
*:::: order 18.
Asteliales
*::::: family 1.
Dracaenaceae
*::::: family 2.
Ruscaceae
*::::: family 3.
Nolinaceae
*::::: family 4.
Asteliaceae
*::::: family 6.
Geitonoplesiaceae
*::::: family 7.
Luzuriagaceae
*::::: family 8.
Philesiaceae
*:::: order 19.
Hanguanales
*::::: family 1.
Hanguanaceae
*:::: order 20.
Agavales
*::::: family 1.
Dasypogonaceae
*::::: family 2.
Calectasiaceae
*::::: family 3.
Hemerocallidaceae
*::::: family 4.
Blandfordiaceae
*::::: family 5.
Xanthorrhoeaceae
*::::: family 6.
Agavaceae
*::::: family 7.
Anthericaceae
*::::: family 8.
Laxmanniaceae
*::::: family 9.
Herreriaceae
*::::: family 10.
Phormiaceae
*::::: family 11.
Johnsoniaceae
*::::: family 12.
Doryanthaceae
*::::: family 13.
Asphodelaceae
*::::: family 14.
Aloaceae
*::::: family 15.
Aphyllanthaceae
*::::: family 16.
Hostaceae
*:: subclass 5.
Arecidae
*::: superorder 1.
Arecanae
*:::: order 1.
Arecales
*::::: family 1.
Arecaceae
The Arecaceae () is a family (biology), family of perennial plant, perennial, flowering plants in the Monocotyledon, monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbing palm, climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly k ...
*:: subclass 6.
Commelinidae
*::: superorder 1.
Bromelianae
*:::: order 1.
Bromeliales
*::::: family 1.
Bromeliaceae
*:::: order 2.
Velloziales
*::::: family 1.
Velloziaceae
*::: superorder 2.
Pontederianae
*:::: order 1.
Haemodorales
*::::: family 1.
Haemodoraceae
*:::: order 2.
Philydrales
*::::: family 1.
Philydraceae
*:::: order 3.
Pontederiales
*::::: family 1.
Pontederiaceae
*::: superorder 3.
Commelinanae
*:::: order 1.
Xyridales
*::::: family 1.
Rapateaceae
*::::: family 2.
Xyridaceae
*::::: family 3.
Mayacaceae
*:::: order 2.
Commelinales
*::::: family 1.
Commelinaceae
*:::: order 3.
Eriocaulales
*::::: family 1.
Eriocaulaceae
The Eriocaulaceae are a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales, commonly known as the pipewort family. The family is large, with about 1207 known species described in seven genera. They are widely distri ...
*::: superorder 4.
Hydatellanae
*:::: order 1.
Hydatellales
*::::: family 1.
Hydatellaceae
*::: superorder 5.
Typhanae
*:::: order 1.
Typhales
*::::: family 1.
Typhaceae
*::::: family 2.
Sparganiaceae
*::: superorder 6.
Juncanae
*:::: order 1.
Juncales
*::::: family 1.
Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and ...
*::::: family 2.
Thurniaceae
*:::: order 2.
Cyperales
*::::: family 1.
Cyperaceae
The Cyperaceae () are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as wikt:sedge, sedges. The family (biology), family is large; botanists have species description, described some 5,500 known species in about 90 ...
*:::: order 3.
Flagellariales
*:::: order 4.
Restionales
*::::: family 1.
Flagellariaceae
*::::: family 2.
Joinvilleaceae
*::::: family 3.
Restionaceae
*::::: family 4.
Anarthriaceae
*::::: family 5.
Ecdeiocoleaceae
*::::: family 6.
Centrolepidaceae
*:::: order 5.
Poales
The Poales are a large order (biology), order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the Poaceae, grasses, bromeliads, Juncaceae, rushes and Cyperaceae, sedges. 14 plant families are currently recogniz ...
*::::: family 1.
Poaceae
Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivate ...
*:: subclass 7.
Zingiberidae
*::: superorder 1.
Zingiberanae
*:::: order 1.
Zingiberales
The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morpholog ...
*::::: family 1.
Strelitziaceae
*::::: family 2.
Heliconiaceae
*::::: family 3.
Musaceae
*::::: family 4.
Lowiaceae
*::::: family 5.
Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical ...
*::::: family 6.
Costaceae
*::::: family 7.
Cannaceae
*::::: family 8.
Marantaceae
*: class 4.
Ranunculopsida
*:: subclass 1.
Ranunculidae
*::: superorder 1.
Ranunculanae
*:::: order 1.
Lardizabalales
*::::: family 1.
Lardizabalaceae
Lardizabalaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, ...
*::::: family 2.
Sargentodoxaceae
*::::: family 3.
Decaisneaceae
*:::: order 2.
Menispermales
*::::: family 1.
Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the ...
*:::: order 3.
Berberidales
*::::: family 1.
Nandinaceae
*::::: family 2.
Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family (biology), family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order (biology), order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority ...
*::::: family 3.
Ranzaniaceae
*::::: family 4.
Podophyllaceae
*::::: family 5.
Leonticaceae
*:::: order 4.
Ranunculales
Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group k ...
*::::: family 1.
Hydrastidaceae
*::::: family 2.
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family (biology), family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 spec ...
*:::: order 5.
Circaeasterales
*::::: family 1.
Kingdoniaceae
*::::: family 2.
Circaeasteraceae
*:::: order 6.
Glaucidiales
*::::: family 1.
Glaucidiaceae
*:::: order 7.
Paeoniales
*::::: family 1.
Paeoniaceae
*:::: order 8.
Papaverales
*::::: family 1.
Pteridophyllaceae
*::::: family 2.
Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan dis ...
*: class 5.
Rosopsida
*:: subclass 1.
Caryophyllidae
*::: superorder 1.
Caryophyllanae
*:::: order 1.
Caryophyllales
*::::: family 1.
Achatocarpaceae
*::::: family 2.
Portulacaceae
*::::: family 3.
Hectorellaceae
*::::: family 4.
Basellaceae
Basellaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera:
* ''An ...
*::::: family 5.
Didiereaceae
*::::: family 6.
Cactaceae
A cactus (: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (), a family of the order Caryophyllales comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, ...
*::::: family 7.
Stegnospermataceae
*::::: family 8.
Phytolaccaceae
*::::: family 9.
Petiveriaceae
*::::: family 10.
Gisekiaceae
*::::: family 11.
Agdestidaceae
*::::: family 12.
Barbeuiaceae
*::::: family 13.
Nyctaginaceae
*::::: family 14.
Sarcobataceae
*::::: family 15.
Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (), or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly known as 'ice plants' or 'carpet weeds'. The Aizoaceae are also referred to a ...
*::::: family 16.
Sesuviaceae
*::::: family 17.
Tetragoniaceae
*::::: family 18.
Halophytaceae
*::::: family 19.
Molluginaceae
*::::: family 20.
Chenopodiaceae
Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type (biology), type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 ...
*::::: family 21.
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, maki ...
*::::: family 22.
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranth ...
*::: superorder 2.
Polygonanae
*:::: order 1.
Polygonales
*::::: family 1.
Polygonaceae
The Polygonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants known Common name, informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The Botanical name, name is Basionym, based on the genus ''Polygonum'', ...
*::: superorder 3.
Plumbaginanae
*:::: order 1.
Plumbaginales
*::::: family 1.
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.
Most species in this family are perennial plant, perennial h ...
*:: subclass 2.
Hamamelididae
*::: superorder 1.
Trochodendranae
*:::: order 1.
Trochodendrales
*::::: family 1.
Trochodendraceae
*::::: family 2.
Tetracentraceae
*:::: order 2.
Eupteleales
*::::: family 1.
Eupteleaceae
*:::: order 3.
Cercidiphyllales
*::::: family 1.
Cercidiphyllaceae
*::: superorder 2.
Myrothamnanae
*:::: order 1.
Myrothamnales
*::::: family 1.
Myrothamnaceae
*::: superorder 3.
Hamamelidanae
*:::: order 1.
Hamamelidales
*::::: family 1.
Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier system ...
*::::: family 2.
Altingiaceae
Altingiaceae is a small Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Saxifragales,Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''Exter ...
*::::: family 3.
Platanaceae
*::: superorder 4.
Casuarinanae
*:::: order 1.
Casuarinales
*::::: family 1.
Casuarinaceae
The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific ...
*::: superorder 5.
Daphniphyllanae
*:::: order 1.
Barbeyales
*::::: family 1.
Barbeyaceae
*:::: order 2.
Daphniphyllales
*::::: family 1.
Daphniphyllaceae
*:::: order 3.
Balanopales
*::::: family 1.
Balanopaceae
*:::: order 4.
Didymelales
*::::: family 1.
Didymelaceae
*:::: order 5.
Buxales
*::::: family 1.
Buxaceae
*:::: order 6.
Simmondsiales
*::::: family 1.
Simmondsiaceae
*::: superorder 6.
Juglandanae
*:::: order 1.
Fagales
*::::: family 1.
Nothofagaceae
*::::: family 2.
Fagaceae
The Fagaceae (; ) are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with around 1,000 or more species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species ...
*:::: order 2.
Corylales
*::::: family 1.
Betulaceae
*::::: family 2.
Corylaceae
*::::: family 2.
Stylocerataceae
*::::: family 3.
Ticodendraceae
*:::: order 3.
Myricales
*::::: family 1.
Myricaceae
*:::: order 4.
Rhoipteleales
*::::: family 1.
Rhoipteleaceae
*:::: order 5.
Juglandales
*::::: family 1.
Juglandaceae
The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.
The nine or ten genera in the family have ...
*:: subclass 3.
Dilleniidae
*::: superorder 1.
Dillenianae
*:::: order 1.
Dilleniales
*::::: family 1.
Dilleniaceae
Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species.
It is known to gardeners for the genus '' Hibbertia'', which contains many commercially valuable garden species.
Description and distribution
The family is ...
*::: superorder 2.
Theanae
*:::: order 1.
Paracryphiales
*::::: family 1.
Paracryphiaceae
*:::: order 2.
Theales
*::::: family 1.
Stachyuraceae
*::::: family 2.
Theaceae
*::::: family 3.
Asteropeiaceae
*::::: family 4.
Pentaphylacaceae
*::::: family 5.
Tetrameristaceae
*::::: family 6.
Oncothecaceae
*::::: family 7.
Marcgraviaceae
The Marcgraviaceae are a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales. The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes, and lianas, with alternate, pinnately nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accom ...
*::::: family 8.
Caryocaraceae
*::::: family 9.
Pellicieraceae
*::::: family 10.
Clusiaceae
The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae ...
*:::: order 3.
Physenales
*::::: family 1.
Physenaceae
*:::: order 4.
Ochnales
*::::: family 1.
Medusagynaceae
*::::: family 2.
Strasburgeriaceae
*::::: family 3.
Scytopetalaceae
*::::: family 4.
Ochnaceae
*::::: family 5.
Quiinaceae
*:::: order 5.
Elatinales
*::::: family 1.
Elatinaceae
*:::: order 6.
Ancistrocladales
*::::: family 1.
Ancistrocladaceae
''Ancistrocladus'' is a genus of woody lianas in the Monotypic taxon, monotypic family ''Ancistrocladaceae''. The branches climb by twining other stems or by scrambling with hooked tips. They are found in the tropics of the Old World.
Classific ...
*:::: order 7.
Dioncophyllales
*::::: family 1.
Dioncophyllaceae
*::: superorder 3. Lecythidanae
*:::: order 1. Lecythidales
*::::: family 1. Lecythidaceae
*::::: family 2. Asteranthaceae
*::::: family 3. Napoleonaeaceae
*::::: family 4. Foetidiaceae
*::: superorder 4. Sarracenianae
*:::: order 1. Sarraceniales
*::::: family 1. Sarraceniaceae
*::: superorder 5. Nepenthanae
*:::: order 1. Nepenthales
*::::: family 1. Nepenthaceae
*:::: order 2. Droserales
*::::: family 1. Droseraceae
*::: superorder 6. Ericanae
*:::: order 1. Actinidiales
*::::: family 1. Actinidiaceae
*:::: order 2. Ericales
*::::: family 1. Cyrillaceae
*::::: family 2. Clethraceae
*::::: family 3. Ericaceae
*:::: order 3. Diapensiales
*::::: family 1. Diapensiaceae
*:::: order 4. Bruniales
*::::: family 1. Bruniaceae
*::::: family 2. Grubbiaceae
*:::: order 5. Geissolomatales
*::::: family 1. Geissolomataceae
*:::: order 6. Fouquieriales
*::::: family 1. Fouquieriaceae
*::: superorder 7. Primulanae
*:::: order 1. Styracales
*::::: family 1. Styracaceae
*::::: family 2. Symplocaceae
*::::: family 3. Ebenaceae
*::::: family 4. Lissocarpaceae
*::::: family 5. Sapotaceae
*:::: order 2. Primulales
*::::: family 1. Theophrastaceae
*::::: family 2. Myrsinaceae
*::::: family 3. Primulaceae
*::: superorder 8. Violanae
*:::: order 1. Violales
*::::: family 1. Berberidopsidaceae
*::::: family 2. Aphloiaceae
*::::: family 3. Bembiciaceae
*::::: family 4. Flacourtiaceae
*::::: family 5. Lacistemataceae
*::::: family 6. Peridiscaceae
*::::: family 7. Violaceae
*::::: family 8. Dipentodontaceae
*::::: family 9. Scyphostegiaceae
*:::: order 2. Passiflorales
*::::: family 1. Passifloraceae
*::::: family 2. Turneriaceae
*::::: family 3. Malesherbiaceae
*::::: family 4. Achariaceae
*:::: order 3. Caricales
*::::: family 1. Caricaceae
*:::: order 4. Salicales
*::::: family 1. Salicaceae
*:::: order 5. Elaeocarpales
*::::: family 1. Elaeocarpaceae
*:::: order 6. Tamaricales
*::::: family 1. Tamaricaceae
*::::: family 2. Frankeniaceae
*::: superorder 9. Capparanae
*:::: order 1. Moringales
*::::: family 1. Moringaceae
*:::: order 2. Gyrostemonales
*::::: family 1. Gyrostemonaceae
*:::: order 3. Batales
*::::: family 1. Bataceae
*:::: order 4. Capparales
*::::: family 1. Koeberliniaceae
*::::: family 2. Pentadiplandraceae
*::::: family 3. Capparaceae
*::::: family 4. Brassicaceae
*::::: family 5. Tovariaceae
*::::: family 6. Resedaceae
*::: superorder 10. Malvanae
*:::: order 1. Cistales
*::::: family 1. Bixaceae
*::::: family 2. Cochlospermaceae
*::::: family 3. Cistaceae
*::::: family 4. Diegodendraceae
*:::: order 2. Malvales
*::::: family 1. Tiliaceae
*::::: family 2. Dirachmaceae
*::::: family 3. Monotaceae
*::::: family 4. Dipterocarpaceae
*::::: family 5. Sarcolaenaceae
*::::: family 6. Plagiopteraceae
*::::: family 7. Huaceae
*::::: family 8. Sterculiaceae
*::::: family 9. Sphaerosepalaceae
*::::: family 10. Bombacaceae
*::::: family 11. Malvaceae
*:::: order 3. Thymelaeales
*::::: family 1. Gonystylaceae
*::::: family 2. Thymelaeaceae
*::: superorder 11. Cucurbitanae
*:::: order 1. Begoniales
*::::: family 1. Datiscaceae
*::::: family 2. Begoniaceae
*:::: order 2. Cucurbitales
*::::: family 1. Cucurbitaceae
*::: superorder 12. Urticanae
*:::: order 1. Urticales
*::::: family 1. Ulmaceae
*::::: family 2. Celtidaceae
*::::: family 3. Moraceae
*::::: family 4. Cecropiaceae
*::::: family 5. Urticaceae
*::::: family 6. Cannabaceae
*::: superorder 13. Euphorbianae
*:::: order 1. Euphorbiales
*::::: family 1. Euphorbiaceae
*::::: family 2. Pandaceae
*::::: family 3. Dichapetalaceae
*:: subclass 4.
Rosidae
*::: superorder 1. Saxifraganae
*:::: order 1. Cunoniales
*::::: family 1. Cunoniaceae
*::::: family 2. Davidsoniaceae
*::::: family 3. Eucryphiaceae
*::::: family 4. Brunelliaceae
*:::: order 2. Cephalotales
*::::: family 1. Cephalotaceae
*:::: order 3. Greyiales
*::::: family 1. Greyiaceae
*:::: order 4. Francoales
*::::: family 1. Francoaceae
*:::: order 5. Crossosomatales
*::::: family 1. Crossosomataceae
*:::: order 6. Saxifragales
*::::: family 1. Tetracarpaeaceae
*::::: family 2. Penthoraceae
*::::: family 3. Crassulaceae
*::::: family 4. Grossulariaceae
*::::: family 5. Pterostemonaceae
*::::: family 6. Iteaceae
*::::: family 7. Saxifragaceae
*::: superorder 2. Podostemanae
*:::: order 1. Gunnerales
*::::: family 1. Gunneraceae
*:::: order 2. Haloragales
*::::: family 1. Haloragaceae
*:::: order 3. Podostemales
*::::: family 1. Podostemaceae
*::: superorder 3. Celastranae
*:::: order 1. Brexiales
*::::: family 1. Brexiaceae
*:::: order 2. Parnassiales
*::::: family 1. Parnassiaceae
*::::: family 2. Lepuropetalaceae
*:::: order 3. Celastrales
*::::: family 1. Celastraceae
*::::: family 2. Goupiaceae
*::::: family 3. Lophopyxidaceae
*::::: family 4. Stackhousiaceae
*:::: order 4. Salvadorales
*::::: family 1. Salvadoraceae
*:::: order 5. Aquifoliales
*::::: family 1. Aquifoliaceae
*::::: family 2. Phellinaceae
*::::: family 3. Sphenostemonaceae
*::::: family 4. Icacinaceae
*::::: family 5. Cardiopteridaceae
*::::: family 6. Aextoxicaceae
*:::: order 6. Corynocarpales
*::::: family 1. Corynocarpaceae
*::: superorder 4. Santalanae
*:::: order 1. Medusandrales
*::::: family 1. Medusandraceae
*:::: order 2. Santalales
*::::: family 1. Olacaceae
*::::: family 2. Opiliaceae
*::::: family 3. Santalaceae
*::::: family 4. Misodendraceae
*::::: family 5. Loranthaceae
*::::: family 6. Eremolepidaceae
*::::: family 7. Viscaceae
*::: superorder 5. Rosanae
*:::: order 1. Rosales
*::::: family 1. Rosaceae
*::::: family 2. Neuradaceae
*::::: family 3. Chrysobalanaceae
*::: superorder 6. Geranianae
*:::: order 1. Geraniales
*::::: family 1. Oxalidaceae
*::::: family 2. Geraniaceae
*:::: order 2. Linales
*::::: family 1. Hugoniaceae
*::::: family 2. Linaceae
*::::: family 3. Ctenolophonaceae
*::::: family 4. Ixonanthaceae
*::::: family 5. Humiriaceae
*::::: family 6. Erythroxylaceae
*::::: family 7. Zygophyllaceae
*:::: order 3. Balsaminales
*::::: family 1. Balsaminaceae
*:::: order 4. Vochysiales
*::::: family 1. Malpighiaceae
*::::: family 2. Trigoniaceae
*::::: family 3. Vochysiaceae
*::::: family 4. Tremandraceae
*::::: family 5. Krameriaceae
*:::: order 5. Polygalales
*::::: family 1. Polygalaceae
*::::: family 2. Xanthophyllaceae
*::::: family 3. Emblingiaceae
*::: superorder 7. Fabanae
*:::: order 1. Fabales
*::::: family 1. Mimosaceae
*::::: family 2. Caesalpiniaceae
*::::: family 3. Fabaceae
*::: superorder 8. Rutanae
*:::: order 1. Sapindales
*::::: family 1. Staphyleaceae
*::::: family 2. Tapisciaceae
*::::: family 3. Melianthaceae
*::::: family 4. Sapindaceae
*::::: family 5. Hippocastanaceae
*::::: family 6. Aceraceae
*::::: family 7. Bretschneideraceae
*::::: family 8. Akaniaceae
*:::: order 2. Tropaeolales
*::::: family 1. Tropaeolaceae
*:::: order 3. Limnanthales
*::::: family 1. Limnanthaceae
*:::: order 4. Sabiales
*::::: family 1. Sabiaceae
*:::: order 5. Connarales
*::::: family 1. Connaraceae
*:::: order 6. Rutales
*::::: family 1. Rutaceae
*::::: family 2. Rhabdodendraceae
*::::: family 3. Cneoraceae
*::::: family 4. Simaroubaceae
*::::: family 5. Picramniaceae
*::::: family 6. Leitneriaceae
*::::: family 7. Surianaceae
*::::: family 8. Irvingiaceae
*::::: family 9. Kirkiaceae
*::::: family 10. Ptaeroxylaceae
*::::: family 11. Tepuianthaceae
*::::: family 12. Meliaceae
*::::: family 13. Lepidobotryaceae
*:::: order 7. Coriariales
*::::: family 1. Coriariaceae
*:::: order 8. Burserales
*::::: family 1. Burseraceae
*::::: family 2. Anacardiaceae
*::::: family 3. Podoaceae
*::: superorder 9. Rhamnanae
*:::: order 1. Rhamnales
*::::: family 1. Rhamnaceae
*:::: order 2. Elaeagnales
*::::: family 1. Elaeagnaceae
*::: superorder 10. Proteanae
*:::: order 1. Proteales
*::::: family 1. Proteaceae
*::: superorder 11. Vitanae
*:::: order 1. Vitales
*::::: family 1. Vitaceae
*::::: family 2. Leeaceae
*::: superorder 12. Rhizophoranae
*:::: order 1. Rhizophorales
*::::: family 1. Anisophylleaceae
*::::: family 2. Rhizophoraceae
*::: superorder 13. Myrtanae
*:::: order 1. Myrtales
*::::: family 1. Combretaceae
*::::: family 2. Crypteroniaceae
*::::: family 3. Melastomataceae
*::::: family 4. Psiloxylaceae
*::::: family 5. Heteropyxidaceae
*::::: family 6. Myrtaceae
*::::: family 7. Alzateaceae
*::::: family 8. Rhynchocalycaceae
*::::: family 9. Penaeaceae
*::::: family 10. Oliniaceae
*::::: family 11. Lythraceae
*::::: family 12. Trapaceae
*::::: family 13. Onagraceae
*:: subclass. 5
Cornidae
*::: superorder 1. Cornanae
*:::: order 1. Hydrangeales
*::::: family 1. Escalloniaceae
*::::: family 2. Hydrangeaceae
*::::: family 3. Abrophyllaceae
*::::: family 4. Argophyllaceae
*::::: family 5. Corokiaceae
*::::: family 6. Alseuosmiaceae
*::::: family 7. Carpodetaceae
*::::: family 8. Phyllonomaceae
*::::: family 9. Pottingeriaceae
*::::: family 10. Tribelaceae
*::::: family 11. Melanophyllaceae
*::::: family 12. Montiniaceae
*::::: family 13. Kaliphoraceae
*::::: family 14. Eremosynaceae
*::::: family 15. Vahliaceae
*::::: family 16. Columelliaceae
*:::: order 2. Roridulales
*::::: family 1. Roridulaceae
*:::: order 3. Garryales
*::::: family 1. Aucubaceae
*::::: family 2. Garryaceae
*:::: order 4. Desfontainiales
*::::: family 1. Desfontainiaceae
*:::: order 5. Aralidiales
*::::: family 1. Aralidiaceae
*:::: order 6. Cornales
*::::: family 1. Mastixiaceae
*::::: family 2. Davidiaceae
*::::: family 3. Nyssaceae
*::::: family 4. Curtisiaceae
*::::: family 5. Cornaceae
*::::: family 6. Alangiaceae
*::::: family 7. Griseliniaceae
*::: superorder 2. Eucommianae
*:::: order 1. Eucommiales
*::::: family 1. Eucommiaceae
*::: superorder 3. Aralianae
*:::: order 1. Torricelliales
*::::: family 1. Helwingiaceae
*::::: family 2. Torricelliaceae
*:::: order 2. Pittosporales
*::::: family 1. Pittosporaceae
*:::: order 3. Byblidales
*::::: family 1. Byblidaceae
*:::: order 4. Araliales
*::::: family 1. Araliaceae
*::::: family 2. Hydrocotylaceae
*::::: family 3. Apiaceae
*::: superorder 4. Dipsacanae
*:::: order 1. Dipsacales
*::::: family 1. Viburnaceae
*::::: family 2. Sambucaceae
*::::: family 3. Adoxaceae
*::::: family 4. Caprifoliaceae
*::::: family 5. Valerianaceae
*::::: family 6. Dipsacaceae
*::::: family 7. Morinaceae
*:: subclass 6.
Lamiidae
*::: superorder 1. Gentiananae
*:::: order 1. Gentianales
*::::: family 1. Gelsemiaceae
*::::: family 2. Loganiaceae
*::::: family 3. Strychnaceae
*::::: family 4. Gentianaceae
*::::: family 5. Saccifoliaceae
*::::: family 6. Geniostomaceae
*::::: family 7. Plocospermataceae
*:::: order 2. Rubiales (plant), Rubiales
*::::: family 1. Dialypetalanthaceae
*::::: family 2. Rubiaceae
*::::: family 3. Carlemanniaceae
*:::: order 3. Apocynales
*::::: family 1. Apocynaceae
*::: superorder 2. Solananae
*:::: order 1. Solanales
*::::: family 1. Solanaceae
*::::: family 2. Sclerophylacaceae
*::::: family 3. Goetzeaceae
*::::: family 4. Duckeodendraceae
*::::: family 5. Convolvulaceae
*::::: family 6. Cuscutaceae
*::::: family 7. Polemoniaceae
*::::: family 8. Hydrophyllaceae
*::::: family 9. Boraginaceae
*::::: family 10. Tetrachondraceae
*::::: family 11. Hoplestigmataceae
*::::: family 12. Lennoaceae
*::: superorder 3. Loasanae
*:::: order 1. Loasales
*::::: family 1. Loasaceae
*::: superorder 4. Oleanae
*:::: order 1. Oleales
*::::: family 1. Oleaceae
*::: superorder 5. Lamianae
*:::: order 1. Lamiales
*::::: family 1. Buddlejaceae
*::::: family 2. Stilbaceae
*::::: family 3. Bignoniaceae
*::::: family 4. Paulowniaceae
*::::: family 5. Schlegeliaceae
*::::: family 6. Globulariaceae
*::::: family 7. Scrophulariaceae
*::::: family 8. Veronicaceae
*::::: family 9. Orobanchaceae
*::::: family 10. Oftiaceae
*::::: family 11. Myoporaceae
*::::: family 12. Callitrichaceae
*::::: family 13. Gesneriaceae
*::::: family 14. Plantaginaceae
*::::: family 15. Pedaliaceae
*::::: family 16. Martyniaceae
*::::: family 17. Trapellaceae
*::::: family 18. Acanthaceae
*::::: family 19. Lentibulariaceae
*::::: family 20. Verbenaceae
*::::: family 21. Phrymaceae
*::::: family 22. Cyclocheilaceae
*::::: family 23. Avicenniaceae
*::::: family 24. Lamiaceae
*:::: order 2. Hydrostachyales
*::::: family 1. Hydrostachyaceae
*:::: order 3. Hippuridales
*::::: family 1. Hippuridaceae
*:: subclass 7.
Asteridae
*::: superorder Campanulanae
*:::: order 1. Menyanthales
*::::: family 1. Menyanthaceae
*:::: order 2. Goodeniales
*::::: family 1. Goodeniaceae
*:::: order 3. Stylidiales
*::::: family 1. Donatiaceae
*::::: family 2. Stylidiaceae
*:::: order 4. Campanulales
*::::: family 1. Pentaphragmataceae
*::::: family 2. Sphenocleaceae
*::::: family 3. Campanulaceae
*::: superorder 2. Asteranae
*:::: order 1. Calycerales
*::::: family 1. Calyceraceae
*:::: order 2. Asterales
*::::: family 1. Asteraceae
References
Bibliography
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External links
Plantsystematics.org
{{List of systems of plant taxonomy
Systems of plant taxonomy, system, Reveal