cryptogam
A cryptogam (scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant (in the wide sense of the word) or a plant-like organism that reproduces by spores, without flowers or seeds. The name ''Cryptogamae'' () means "hidden reproduction", referring to the fact ...
Chlorophyceae
The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The chloroplast may be discoid, ...
::*Order 1.
Volvocales
Chlamydomonadales, also known as Volvocales, are an order of flagellated or pseudociliated green algae, specifically of the Chlorophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadales Data extracted from the Chlamydomonadales can form planar or ...
::::*Family 1.
Chlamydomonadaceae
Chlamydomonadaceae is a family of algae within the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadaceae Data extracted from the
Genera
As accepted by WoRMS;
* '' Agloë''
* '' Brachiomonas''
* ''Carteria''
* '' Cercidium'' ...
::::*Family 2.
Volvocaceae
The Volvocaceae are a family of unicellular or colonial biflagellates, including the typical genus ''Volvox''. The family was named by Ehrenberg in 1834,From p. 281: ''"VOLVOCINA Nova Familia."'' (Volvocina New Family.) ote: According to p. 1 ...
Chaetophoraceae
Chaetophoraceae is a family of green algae in the order Chaetophorales.
Genera
* '' Arthrochaete''
* '' Caespitella''
* '' Cedercreutziella''
* '' Chaetomnion''
* '' Chaetonemopsis''
* '' Chaetophora''
* '' Chloroclonium''
* '' Chlorofilum''
...
Trentepohliaceae
Trentepohliaceae are a family of green algae in the order Trentepohliales.See the NCBI
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Instit ...
::*Order 4.
Ulvales
Ulvales is an order of green algae.
References
External links
*
*
Chlorophyta orders
{{Ulvophyceae-stub ...
::::*Family 1.
Ulvaceae
Ulvaceae () is a widely distributed family of thin green algae having either a flat or a hollow tubular thallus, reproducing by the conjugation of planogametes or of zoospores, and being classed among the Ulotrichales or now more commonly placed ...
Cladophorales
Cladophorales are an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae.See the NCBI
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes ...
::::*Family 1.
Cladophoraceae
Cladophoraceae are a family of green algae in the order the Cladophorales.See the NCBI
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Instit ...
Oedogoniales
The Oedogoniales are an order of filamentous freshwater green algae of the class Chlorophyceae. The order is well-defined and has several unique features, including asexual reproduction with zoospores that possess stephanokont flagella: numerou ...
Zygnematales
The Zygnematales ( el, ζυγός (''zygós'') and νῆμα (''nḗma'') ( nom.), νήματος (''nḗmatos'') (gen.)), also called the Conjugatales, are an order of green algae, comprising several thousand different species in two families. T ...
Mesotaeniaceae
The Mesotaeniaceae are a small family of unicellular green alga
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The lan ...
::::*Family 3.
Desmidiaceae
The Desmidiaceae are one of four families of charophyte green algae in the order Desmidiales (desmids).See the NCBIbr>webpage on Desmidiaceae Data extracted from the
Genera
Genera accepted by AlgaeBase were:
*'' Actinodontum'' – 3 speci ...
::*Order 9.
Chlorococcales
Chlorococcales is a formerly recognized order of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae. , the type family Chlorococcaceae was placed in the order Chlamydomonadales.
Conventionally, many groups of coccoid green algae were lumped in the order ...
::::*Family 1.
Chlorococcaceae
Chlorococcaceae is a family of green algae, in the order Chlamydomonadales
Chlamydomonadales, also known as Volvocales, are an order of flagellated or pseudociliated green algae, specifically of the Chlorophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Ch ...
Characiaceae
Characiaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.
Genera
, AlgaeBase
AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both seaweed, marine and freshwater algae, freshwater, as well as sea-gras ...
Hydrodictyaceae
Hydrodictyaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.
Genera
* '' Euastropsis''
* '' Helierella''
* '' Hydrodictyon''
* '' Lacunastrum''
* '' Monactinus''
* '' Parapediastrum''
* ''Pediastrum
''Pediastrum'' is a genus of ...
Bryopsidaceae
Bryopsidaceae is a family of green algae, in the order Bryopsidales
Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae.
Characteristics
The thallus is filamentous and much branched and may be packed into a mass. It is coenocy ...
Codiaceae
Codiaceae is a family of green algae in the order Bryopsidales
Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae.
Characteristics
The thallus is filamentous and much branched and may be packed into a mass. It is coenocytic, ...
Valoniaceae
Valoniaceae is a family of green algae in the order Cladophorales.See the NCBI
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of ...
::::*Family 2.
Dasycladaceae
The Dasycladaceae is one of the two extant families of green algae of the order Dasycladales
Dasycladales is an order of large unicellular green algae in the class Ulvophyceae. It contains two families, the Dasycladaceae and the Polyphysa ...
*Class 2.
Charophyceae
Charophyceae is a class of charophyte green algae. AlgaeBase places it in division Charophyta. Extant (living) species are placed in a single order Charales, commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts". Fossil members of the class may be ...
::*Order
Charales
Charales is an order of freshwater green algae in the division Charophyta, class Charophyceae, commonly known as stoneworts. Depending on the treatment of the genus '' Nitellopsis'', living (extant) species are placed into either one family (C ...
Euglenales
Euglenids (euglenoids, or euglenophytes, formally Euglenida/Euglenoida, ICZN, or Euglenophyceae, ICBN) are one of the best-known groups of flagellates, which are excavate eukaryotes of the phylum Euglenophyta and their cell structure is typical ...
Cryptophyceae
The cryptophyceae are a class of algae, most of which have plastids. About 220 species are known, and they are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around 10–50 μm in size and flattened in shape, ...
Dinophyceae
Dinophyceae is a class of dinoflagellates.
Taxonomy
* Class Dinophyceae Pascher 1914 eridinea Ehrenberg 1830 stat. nov. Wettstein; Blastodiniphyceae Fensome et al. 1993 orthog. emend.** Order Haplozoonales aplozooidea Poche 1913*** Family Ha ...
::*Order 1.
Gymnodiniales
The Gymnodiniales are an order of dinoflagellates, of the class Dinophyceae. Members of the order are known as gymnodinioid or gymnodinoid (terms that can also refer to any organism of similar morphology). They are athecate, or lacking an armo ...
::*Order 2.
Peridiniales
Peridiniales is an order of dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates ( Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and ar ...
Xanthophyceae
Yellow-green algae or the Xanthophyceae (xanthophytes) are an important group of heterokont algae. Most live in fresh water, but some are found in marine and soil habitats. They vary from single-celled flagellates to simple colonial and filamento ...
Chrysophyceae
The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater. Golden algae is also commonly used to refer to a single species, ''Prymnesium parvum'', which ...
Bacillariophyceae
Bacillariophyceae is a group of pennate diatoms with a raphe (raphids). According to Ruggiero et al., 2015, the diatoms are treated as follows. This treatment largely reflects that used by Algaebase as at 2015, and is also reflected in the curren ...
Dictyotales
Dictyotales is a large order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). Members of this order generally prefer warmer waters than other brown algae. One genus in this order is calcareous, '' Padina'', the only calcareous member of this phylum.
...
Fucales
The Fucales (fucoids) are an order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The list of families in the Fucales, as well as additional taxonomic information on algae, is publicly accessible at Algaebaseref name="Guiry and Guiry">Guiry, M.D. and ...
Chroococcales
The Chroococcales () are an order of cyanobacteria in some classifications which includes the harmful algal bloom '' Microcystis aeruginosa''. Molecular data indicate that Chroococcales may be polyphyletic, meaning its members may not all belong ...
Gigartinales
Gigartinales is a red algae order in the class Florideophyceae
Florideophyceae is a class of red algae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Ban ...
Chytridiales
Fungi of the order Chytridiales, like other members of its division, may either have a monocentric thallus or a polycentric rhizomycelium. When the ribosomal genes of members classified in this order were first examined using molecular techniqu ...
Olpidiaceae
Olpidiaceae is a fungal plant pathogen family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain th ...
Cladochytriaceae
The Cladochytriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cladochytriales. Taxonomy
According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 10 genera and 38 species. However, the 2022 taxonomy of fungi places only one genus, ''Cladochytrium'', making t ...
Blastocladiales
Blastocladiomycota is one of the currently recognized phyla within the kingdom Fungi.Hibbett DS et al. 2007. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the fungi. Mycological Research 111:509–47. Blastocladiomycota was originally the order ...
::*Order 3.
Monoblepharidales
Members of the Monoblepharidomycetes have a filamentous thallus that is either extensive or simple and unbranched. They frequently have a holdfast at the base. In contrast to other taxa in their phylum, some reproduce using autospores, although ...
Saprolegniales
Saprolegniales is an order of freshwater mould.
References
Heterokont orders
{{watermould-stub ...
::::*Family 1.
Saprolegniaceae
Saprolegniaceae is a family of freshwater mould. James Ellis Humphrey (1861-1897), an American Mycologist did significant work on this family.
Taxonomy
Saprolegniaceae contains the following genera, species, and subspecies
In biological ...
Pythiaceae
Pythiaceae is a family of water moulds. The family includes serious plant and animal pathogens in the genus '' Pythium''. The family was circumscribed by German mycologist Joseph Schröter in 1893.
Lifecycle
*Live on land (terrestrial), and in ...
::*Order 6.
Peronosporales
The Peronosporales are an order of water moulds (class Oomycetes) which can be pathogenic
In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that c ...
::*Order 7.
Mucorales
The Mucorales is the largest and best studied order of zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds. The term mucormycosis is now preferred for infections caused by molds belonging to the order Mucorales.
Systematics ...
::*Order 8.
Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them.
Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of ins ...
Erysiphales
Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew.
Systematics
The order contains one family (Erysiphaceae), 28 genera and approximately 100 spec ...
::*Order 3.
Hysteriales
The Hysteriales are an order of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes, subclass Pleosporomycetidae. It consists of a single family, Hysteriaceae. Members of Hysteriales produce elongated, often boat shaped sexual structures with slit-like openings ...
Pezizales
The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and white t ...
Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, in ...
Laboulbeniales
The Laboulbeniales is an order of Fungi within the class Laboulbeniomycetes. They are also known by the colloquial name beetle hangers or labouls. The order includes around 2,325 species of obligate insect ectoparasites that produce cellular t ...
Agaricales
The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13,000 described species, alon ...
Lycoperdales
The Lycoperdales are a now outdated order of fungi. The order included some well-known types such as the giant puffball, the earthstars, and other tuberous fungi. They were defined as having epigeous basidiomes, a hymenium present, one to thr ...
Tremellales
The Tremellales are an order of fungi in the class Tremellomycetes. The order contains both teleomorphic and anamorphic species, most of the latter being yeasts. All teleomorphic species in the Tremellales are parasites of other fungi, though ...
::*Order 5.
Auriculariales
The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on ...
Ustilaginales
The Ustilaginales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contains 8 families, 49 genera, and 851 species.
''Ustinaginales'' is also known and classified as the smut fungi. They are serious plant pathogens, with on ...
::::*Family 1.
Ustilaginaceae
The Ustilaginaceae are a family of smut fungi in the order Ustilaginomycetes. Collectively, the family contains 17 genera and 607 species.
Biotechnological relevance
Ustilaginaceae naturally produce a wide range of value-added chemicals (e.g. se ...
Fungi imperfecti
The fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi, are fungi which do not fit into the commonly established taxonomic classifications of fungi that are based on biological species concepts or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because the ...
*
Lichens
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Ascholichenes
:*Subclass 2. Basidiolichenes
Division Bryophyta
*Class 1.
Hepaticae
The Marchantiophyta () are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of ge ...
Marchantiales
Marchantiales is an order of thallose liverworts (also known as "complex thalloid liverworts") that includes species like '' Marchantia polymorpha'', a widespread plant often found beside rivers, and '' Lunularia cruciata'', a common and often t ...
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniales is the largest order of liverworts. They are distinctive among the liverworts for having thin leaf-like flaps on either side of the stem. Most other liverworts are thalloid
Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), m ...
Musci
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) ''sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hornw ...
Asteroxylaceae
''Asteroxylon'' ("star-shaped xylem") is an extinct genus of vascular plants of the Division Lycopodiophyta known from anatomically preserved specimens described from the famous Early Devonian Rhynie chert and Windyfield chert in Aberdeenshire, ...
::*Order 2.
Psilotales
Psilotaceae is a family of ferns (class Polypodiopsida) consisting of two genera, '' Psilotum'' and ''Tmesipteris'' with about a dozen species. It is the only family in the order Psilotales.
Description
Once thought to be descendants of early v ...
Lycopodiales
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and about 400 known species. This family originated about 380 mil ...
Lycopodiaceae
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and about 400 known species. This family originated about 380 mil ...
::*Order 2.
Selaginellales
''Selaginella'' is the sole genus of vascular plants in the family Selaginellaceae, the spikemosses or lesser clubmosses.
This family is distinguished from Lycopodiaceae (the clubmosses) by having scale-leaves bearing a ligule and by having ...
::::*Family 1.
Selaginellaceae
''Selaginella'' is the sole genus of vascular plants in the family Selaginellaceae, the spikemosses or lesser clubmosses.
This family is distinguished from Lycopodiaceae (the clubmosses) by having scale-leaves bearing a ligule and by having ...
Lepidodendrales
Lepidodendrales (from the Greek for "scale tree") were primitive, vascular, heterosporous, arborescent (tree-like) plants related to present day lycopsids. Members of Lepidodendrales are the best understood of the fossil lycopsids due to the vast ...
Isoetales
Isoetales, sometimes also written Isoëtales, is an order of plants in the class Lycopodiopsida.
There are about 140-150 living species, all of which are classified in the genus ''Isoetes'' (quillworts), with a cosmopolitan distribution, but o ...
Isoetaceae
Isoetaceae is a family including living quillworts (''Isoetes
''Isoetes'', commonly known as the quillworts, is the only extant genus of plants in the family Isoetaceae, which is in the class of lycopods. There are currently 192 recognized sp ...
Sphenophyllales
Sphenophyllales is an extinct order of articulate land plants and a sister group to the present-day Equisetales ( horsetails). They are fossils dating from the Devonian to the Triassic. They were common during the Late Pennsylvanian to Early ...
::*Order 3.
Equisetales
Equisetales is an order of subclass Equisetidae with only one living family, Equisetaceae, containing the genus ''Equisetum'' (horsetails).
Classification
In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, Equisetales, in its ...
Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, sometimes called the horsetail family, is the only extant family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, ''Equisetum'', which comprises about twenty species.
Evolution and systematics
Equisetaceae is the only survivin ...
Ophioglossales
Ophioglossaceae, the adder's-tongue family, is a small family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only family in the order Ophioglossales, which together with the Psilotales is placed in the sub ...
::*Order 2.
Marattiales
Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about ...
Osmundaceae
Osmundaceae (royal fern family) is a family of ferns containing four to six extant genera and 18–25 known species. It is the only living family of the order Osmundales in the class Polypodiopsida (ferns) or in some classifications the only ord ...
Gleicheniaceae
The forked ferns are the family Gleicheniaceae, which includes six genera and about 160 known species. The formerly independent families Dicranopteridaceae and Stromatopteridaceae are generally included in the Gleicheniaceae, whereas the Dipteri ...
::::*Family 4.
Matoniaceae
Matoniaceae is one of the three families of ferns in the Gleicheniales order of the Polypodiopsida class. Fossil records reveal that Matoniaceae ferns were abundant during the Mesozoic era (about 250-million to 66-million years ago), during which ...
::::*Family 5.
Dipteridaceae
The Dipteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Gleicheniales of the class Polypodiopsida. They are commonly known as umbrella ferns and contain two genera, '' Cheiropleuria'' and '' Dipteris'', with a total of nine species confined to Asia, ...
Dicksoniaceae
Dicksoniaceae is a group of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate ferns, treated as a family in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), and counting 30-40 species. Alternatively, the family may be sunk into a very broa ...
::::*Family 9.
Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A bro ...
Salviniales
The order Salviniales (formerly known as the Hydropteridales and including the former Marsileales) is an order of ferns in the class Polypodiopsida.
Description
Salviniales are all aquatic and differ from all other ferns in being heterosporous, ...