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Lycopodiaceae
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and about 400 known species. This family originated about 380 million years ago in the early Devonian, though the diversity within the family has been much more recent. "Wolf foot" is another common name for this family due to the resemblance of either the roots or branch tips to a wolf's paw. Description Members of Lycopodiaceae are not spermatophytes and so do not produce seeds. Instead they produce spores, which are oily and flammable, and are the most economically important aspects of these plants. The spores are of one size (i.e. the plants are isosporous) and are borne on a specialized structure at the apex of a shoot called a strobilus (plural: strobili), which resembles a tiny battle club, from which the common name derives. Members of the family share the common feature of having a microphyll, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycopodioideae
''Lycopodioideae'' is a subfamily in the family Lycopodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is equivalent to a broad circumscription of the genus ''Lycopodium'' in other classifications. Like all lycophytes, members of the Lycopodioideae reproduce by spores. The oldest fossils of modern members of the family date to the Early Cretaceous. Description The sporophytes of Lycopodioideae species are relatively short herbaceous plants. They have stems with pseudomonopodial branching in which unequal binary branching produces the appearance of a main stem with secondary side branches. The main stems are indeterminate and of various forms, including rhizomatous, creeping, trailing and climbing. They usually form roots at intervals along their length. The branches are usually determinate (i.e. of limited growth and extension). Sporangia are borne at the bases or in the axils of special spore-bearing leaves (sporophylls), which are notably different ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycopodielloideae
Lycopodielloideae is a subfamily in the family Lycopodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is equivalent to a broad circumscription of the genus ''Lycopodiella'' in other classifications. Like all lycophytes, members of the Lycopodielloideae are vascular plants that reproduce by spores. Description The sporophytes of Lycopodielloideae species are relatively short herbaceous plants. They have stems with pseudomonopodial branching in which unequal binary branching produces the appearance of a main stem with secondary side branches. The main stems are indeterminate and of various forms, including rhizomatous, creeping and upright. The branches are usually determinate (i.e. of limited growth and extension). Sporangia are borne at the bases or in the axils of special spore-bearing leaves (sporophylls), which are notably different from the normal leaves, and are grouped into compact terminal structures (strobili). The strobili may be either uprig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycopodiella
''Lycopodiella'' is a genus in the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae. The genus members are commonly called bog clubmosses, describing their wetland habitat. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with centers of diversity in the tropical New World and New Guinea. In the past, the genus was often incorporated within the related genus ''Lycopodium'', but was segregated in 1964. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), ''Lycopodiella'' is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae, along with three other genera. In this circumscription, the genus has about 15 species. Other sources use a wider circumscription, in which the genus is equivalent to the Lycopodielloideae of PPG I, in which case about 40 species and hybrids are accepted. Description ''Lycopodiella'' are non-flowering plants. They have leafy rhizomes that grow along the ground and vertical, leafy shoots, also known as peduncles. Fertile peduncles have strobili at the top of the shoot. Individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylloglossum
''Phylloglossum'', a genus in the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae, is a small plant superficially resembling a tiny grass plant, growing with a rosette of slender leaves 2–5 cm long from an underground bulb-like root. It has a single central stem up to 5 cm tall bearing a spore-producing cone at the apex, and was previously classified variously in the family Lycopodiaceae or in its own family the Phylloglossaceae, but recent genetic evidence demonstrates it is most closely related to the genus ''Huperzia'' and is a sister clade to the genus ''Phlegmariurus'', which was formerly included in ''Huperzia''. Morphological characters, as well as molecular characters based on ''rbc''L data, support the close relationship of ''Phylloglossum'' to ''Huperzia''. Similarities in spore morphology, sporangial epidermis morphology, phytochemistry, and chromosome number indicate that ''Phylloglossum'' and ''Huperzia'' are closely related. A morphological character that complicates th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huperzia
''Huperzia'' is a genus of Lycopodiopsida, lycophyte plants, sometimes known as the firmosses or fir clubmosses; the ''Flora of North America'' calls them gemma fir-mosses. This genus was originally included in the related genus ''Lycopodium'', from which it differs in having undifferentiated sporangial leaves, and the sporangia not formed into apical cones. The common name ''firmoss'', used for some of the north temperate species, refers to their superficial resemblance to branches of fir (''Abies''), a conifer. , two very different Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscriptions of the genus were in use. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), ''Huperzia'' is one of three genera in the subfamily Huperzioideae of the family Lycopodiaceae. Most species in the subfamily are placed in the genus ''Phlegmariurus''. ''Huperzia'' is left with about 25 species, although not all have been formally transferred to other genera. Other sources recognize only ''Huperzi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphasiastrum
''Diphasiastrum'' is a genus of clubmosses in the plant family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. It is closely related to the genus ''Lycopodium'', and some botanists treat it within a broad view of that genus as a section, ''Lycopodium'' sect. ''Complanata''. Some species superficially resemble diminutive gymnosperms and have been given common names such as ground-pine or ground-cedar. There are 16 species, and numerous natural hybrids in the genus; many of the hybrids are fertile, allowing their occurrence to become frequent, sometimes more so than the parent species. The basal chromosome count for this genus is ''n=23'', which is distinctively different from other lycopods. Several species have been used economically for their spores, which are harvested as Lycopodium powder. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlegmariurus
''Phlegmariurus'' is a genus of lycophyte plants in the family Lycopodiaceae. The genus is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sources, which keep it in a broadly defined ''Huperzia''. Taxonomy The genus was first described in 1909 by Wilhelm Herter as the section ''Phlegmariurus'' of the genus ''Lycopodium''. The section was elevated to a genus by Josef Ludwig Holub in 1964. Within the family Lycopodiaceae, ''Phlegmariurus'' is placed in the subfamily Huperzioideae. A phylogenetic study in 2016, employing both molecular and morphological data, concluded that either a one-genus or a three-genus division of the subfamily produced monophyletic taxa. The authors preferred the three-genus division, recognizing ''Huperzia'', ''Phlegmariurus'' and ''Phylloglossum''. Their preferred hypothesis for the relationships of the three genera was: The majority of the species formerly placed in a broadly defined ''Huperzia'' bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudolycopodiella
''Pseudolycopodiella'' is a genus of non-seed plants in the Lycopodiaceae, long considered part of ''Lycopodium'', but now recognized as a separate genus. It has 10–14 recognized species, only one in North America: ''Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana''.Wagner, W. H. Jr. and J. M. Beitel. 1992. Generic classification of modern North American Lycopodiaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 676--686. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Pseudolycopodiella affinis'' (Bory) Holub *'' Pseudolycopodiella benjaminiana'' (P.G.Windisch) B. Øllg. *'' Pseudolycopodiella brevipedunculata'' (Alderw.) Holub *'' Pseudolycopodiella carnosa'' (Silveira) Holub *''Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana ''Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana'', known as slender bog club-moss, is a species of lycophyte in the family Lycopodiaceae. The genus '' Pseudolycopodiella'' is accepted in the ''Flora of North America'' and the Pteridophyte Phylog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinulum Annotinum
''Spinulum annotinum'', synonym ''Lycopodium annotinum'', known as interrupted club-moss, or stiff clubmoss, is a species of clubmoss native to forests of the colder parts of North America (Greenland, St. Pierre & Miquelon, all 10 provinces and all 3 territories of Canada, Alaska, and mountains of the contiguous United States), as well as Asia (China, Russia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Assam), and most of Europe. The genus ''Spinulum'' is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not in other classifications, which submerge the genus in ''Lycopodium''. ''Spinulum annotinum'' is a common and widespread club-moss spreading by means of horizontal stems running along the surface of the ground. It is usually unbranched or sparingly branched, each branch containing a cone A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycopodiastrum
''Lycopodiastrum'' is a genus of lycophyte in the family Lycopodiaceae with only one species, ''Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides''. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the genus is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodium''. ''Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides'' is native to south-eastern Asia, from Tibet through China to Japan in the north, and from Sumatra to Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ... in the south. References Lycopodiaceae Lycophyte genera Monotypic plant genera {{Lycophyte-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateristachys
''Lateristachys'' is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodiella''. ''Lateristachys'' species are native to the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized three species: *'' Lateristachys diffusa'' (R.Br.) Holub *''Lateristachys halconensis'' (Copel.) Holub *''Lateristachys lateralis ''Lateristachys lateralis'', synonym ''Lycopodiella lateralis'', commonly known as slender club moss, is a species of club moss native to eastern Australia and New Zealand. It grows in wet bog A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates ...'' (R.Br.) Holub References Lycopodiaceae Lycophyte genera {{Lycophyte-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphasium
''Diphasium'' is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodium'', others include it in ''Diphasiastrum''. ''Diphasium'' species are mostly native to the temperate southern hemisphere, but extend northwards into Central America and the Caribbean. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *''Diphasium gayanum'' (J.Rémy) Holub *''Diphasium jussiaei'' (Desv. ex Poir.) Rothm. *''Diphasium lawessonianum'' (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. *''Diphasium scariosum ''Diphasium scariosum'', synonym ''Lycopodium scariosum'', commonly known as spreading clubmoss or creeping club moss, is a species in the club moss family Lycopodiaceae. The genus '' Diphasium'' is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group c ...'' (G.Forst.) Rothm. References Lycopodiace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
