A
system of taxonomy of the
cryptogam
A cryptogam (scientific name ''Cryptogamae'') is a plant, in the broad sense of the word, or a plant-like organism that share similar characteristics, such as being multicellular, photosynthetic, and primarily immobile, that reproduces via sp ...
s, the Smith system was published in:
:
Smith, G.M. (1938)
''Cryptogamic Botany'', vol. 1 Algae and fungi. McGraw-Hill, New York.
:Smith, G.M. (1955)
''Cryptogamic Botany'', vol. 2 Bryophytes and pteridophytes. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Division Chlorophyta
*Class 1.
Chlorophyceae
::*Order 1.
Volvocales
::::*Family 1.
Chlamydomonadaceae
Chlamydomonadaceae is a family of algae within the order Chlamydomonadales. Traditionally, it has been defined as containing single-celled flagellates with a cell wall.
Cells of the Chlamydomonadaceae are motile and have one, two, or four flag ...
::::*Family 2.
Volvocaceae
::*Order 2.
Tetrasporales
::*Order 3.
Ulotrichales
Ulotrichales is an order of green algae in the class Ulvophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Ulotrichales Data extracted from the
Genera unplaced to family (''incertae sedis''):
*'' Trichosarcina''
Families
* '' Binucleariaceae''
* '' Collin ...
::::*Family 1.
Ulotrichaceae
::::*Family 2.
Microsporaceae
::::*Family 3.
Cylindrocapsaceae
::::*Family 4.
Chaetophoraceae
::::*Family 5.
Protococcaceae
::::*Family 6.
Coleochaetaceae
::::*Family 7.
Trentepohliaceae
Trentepohliaceae are a family (biology), family of green algae, and the only family in the order Trentepohliales. It is a member of the Ulvophyceaen green algae. The family is characterized by traits like net-like chloroplasts without pyrenoids, ...
::*Order 4.
Ulvales
::::*Family 1.
Ulvaceae
Ulvaceae () is a widely distributed family of thin green algae characterized by a flat or a hollow tubular thallus, reproducing via conjugation of planogametes or zoospores, and classified within the orders Ulotrichales or, more commonly, Ul ...
::::*Family 2
Schizomeridaceae
::*Order 5.
Schizogoniales
::::*Family
Schizogoniaceae
::*Order 6.
Cladophorales
::::*Family 1.
Cladophoraceae
::::*Family 2.
Sphaeropleaceae
::*Order 7.
Oedogoniales
::::*Family
Oedogoniaceae
::*Order 8.
Zygnematales
::::*Family 1.
Zygnemataceae
The Zygnemataceae are a family of Algae#Morphology, filamentous or unicellular, uniseriate (unbranched) green algae. The filaments are septum, septated and reproduction is by Sexual conjugation, conjugation; ''Spirogyra'' is commonly used in scho ...
::::*Family 2.
Mesotaeniaceae
The Mesotaeniaceae are a small family of unicellular green algae known as the "saccoderm desmids". The Mesotaeniaceae appear to be sister or ancestral to the Zygnemataceae. The desmids are a deep branching group of Zygnemataceae. ''Spirotaenia'' ...
::::*Family 3.
Desmidiaceae
The Desmidiaceae are one of four family (biology), families of Charophyta, charophyte green algae in the order (biology), order Desmidiales (desmids).See the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI]webpage on Desmidiaceae Data extrac ...
::*Order 9.
Chlorococcales
Chlorococcales is a formerly recognized Order (biology), order of green algae in the Class (biology), class Chlorophyceae. , the type family Chlorococcaceae was placed in the order Chlamydomonadales.
Conventionally, many groups of coccoid green ...
::::*Family 1.
Chlorococcaceae
Chlorococcaceae is a family of green algae, in the order Chlamydomonadales. They are mostly soil-dwelling algae. Many members of this group produce lipids and secondary carotenoids.
The Chlorococcaceae consists mostly of coccoid (single, nonmoti ...
::::*Family 2.
Endosphaeraceae
::::*Family 3.
Characiaceae
::::*Family 4.
Protosiphonaceae
::::*Family 5.
Hydrodictyaceae
::::*Family 6.
Oöcystaceae
::::*Family 7.
Scenedesmaceae
::*Order 10.
Siphonales
::::*Family 1.
Bryopsidaceae
::::*Family 2.
Caulerpaceae
::::*Family 3.
Halicystaceae
::::*Family 4.
Codiaceae
Codiaceae is a family (biology), family of green algae in the order Bryopsidales.
Genera
* † ''Abacella'' Maslov
* † ''Appeninocodium'' O.Dragastan
* † ''Arabicodium'' G.F.Elliott
* ''Bevocastria'' E.J.Garwood
* ''Botryella'' V.P.Shu ...
::::*Family 5.
Derbesiaceae
Derbesiaceae are a family of green algae in the order Bryopsidales
Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae. It is a diverse group of mostly marine macroalgae.
Characteristics
The thallus is filamentous, highly branc ...
::::*Family 6.
Vaucheriaceae
::::*Family 7.
Phyllosiphonaceae
::*Order 11.
Siphonocladiales
::::*Family 1.
Valoniaceae
::::*Family 2.
Dasycladaceae
*Class 2.
Charophyceae
Charophyceae is a class of charophyte green algae. AlgaeBase places it in division Charophyta. Extant (living) species are placed in a single order Charales, commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts". Fossil members of the class may be p ...
::*Order
Charales
Charales is an order of freshwater green algae in the division Charophyta, class Charophyceae, commonly known as stoneworts. Depending on the treatment of the genus '' Nitellopsis'', living (extant) species are placed into either one family ( ...
::::*Family
Characeae
Division Euglenophyta
::*Order 1.
Euglenales
::*Order 2.
Colaciales (
Euglenocapsales)
Division Pyrrophyta
*Class 1.
Cryptophyceae
The cryptophyceae are a class of algae, most of which have plastids. About 230 species are known, and they are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around 10–50 μm in size and flattened in shape ...
*Class 2.
Desmokontae
*Class 3.
::*Order 1.
Gymnodiniales
The Gymnodiniales are an order (biology), order of dinoflagellates, of the class (biology), class Dinophyceae. Members of the order are known as gymnodinioid or gymnodinoid (terms that can also refer to any organism of similar morphology). They a ...
::*Order 2.
Peridiniales
::*Order 3.
Dinophysidales
::*Order 4.
Rhyzodiniales
::*Order 5.
Dinocapsales
::*Order 6.
Dinotrichales
::*Order 7.
Dinococcales
Division Chrysophyta
*Class 1.
Xanthophyceae
Yellow-green algae or the Xanthophyceae (xanthophytes) are an important group of heterokont algae. Most live in fresh water, but some are found in marine and soil habitats. They vary from single-celled flagellates to simple colonial and filamen ...
(
Heterokontae)
::*Order 1.
Heterochloridales
::*Order 2.
Rhizochloridales
::*Order 3.
Heterocapsales
::*Order 4.
Heterotrichales
::*Order 5.
Heterococcales
::*Order 6.
Heterosiphonales
*Class 2.
Chrysophyceae
The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae, or golden algae, are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater. Golden algae is also commonly used to refer to a single species, '' Prymnesium parvum'', wh ...
::*Order 1.
Chrysomonadales
:::*Suborder 1.
Cromulinae
:::*Suborder 2.
Isochrysidineae
:::*Suborder 3.
Ochromonadineae
::*Order 2.
Rhizochrysidales
::*Order 3.
Chrysocapsales
::*Order 4.
Chrysotrichales
::*Order 5.
Chrysosphaerales
*Class 3.
Bacillariophyceae
Bacillariophyceae is a class of diatoms. Previously, this class was equivalent to Diatomeae, the taxonomic name for all diatoms. However, due to both the known and estimated diversity of diatoms, since 2019 they have been expanded to several class ...
::*Order 1.
Centrales
::*Order 2.
Pennales
Division Phaeophyta
*Class 1.
Isogeneratae
::*Order 1.
Ectocarpales
Ectocarpales is a very large order (biology), order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The order includes families with pseudoparenchymatous (Splachnidiaceae) or true parenchymatous (Scytosiphonaceae) tissue. Pseudoparenchymatous refers t ...
::*Order 2.
Sphacelariales
::*Order 3.
Tilopteridales
::*Order 4.
Cutleriales
::*Order 5.
Dictyotales
*Class 2.
Heterogeneratae
:*Subclass 1.
Haplostichineae
::*Order 1.
Chordariales
::*Order 2.
Sporochnales
::*Order 3.
Desmarestiales
:*Subclass 2.
Polystichineae
::*Order 1.
Punctariales
::*Order 2.
Dictyosiphonales
::*Order 3.
Laminariales
*Class 3.
Cyclosporeae
::*Order
Fucales
The Fucales (fucoids) are an order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The list of families in the Fucales, as well as additional taxonomic information on algae, is publicly accessible at Algaebase.
The class Phaeophyceae is included wit ...
Division Cyanophyta
*Class
Myxophyceae (
Cyanophyceae
Cyanophyceae is a class of cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria ( ) are a group of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis. The name "cyanobacteria" () refers to their bluish green (cyan) ...
)
::*Order 1.
Chroococcales
The Chroococcales () are an order of cyanobacteria in some classifications which includes the harmful algal bloom '' Microcystis aeruginosa''. Molecular data indicate that Chroococcales may be polyphyletic, meaning its members may not all belon ...
::*Order 2.
Chamaesiphonales
::*Order 3.
Hormogonales
Division Rhodophyta
*Class
Rhodophyceae
:*Subclass 1.
Bangioideae
::*Order
Bangiales
:*Subclass 2.
Florideae
::*Order 1.
Nemalionales
::*Order 2.
Gelidiales
::*Order 3.
Cryptonemiales
::*Order 4.
Gigartinales
::*Order 5.
Rhodymeniales
::*Order 6.
Ceramiales
Division Myxothallophyta
*Class 1.
Myxomycetae
:*Subclass 1.
Endosporeae
:*Subclass 2.
Exosporeae
*Class 2.
Phytomyxinae
*Class 3.
Acrasieae
Division Eumycetae
*Class 1.
Phycomycetae
::*Order 1.
Chytridiales
::::*Family 1.
Rhizidiaceae
::::*Family 2.
Olpidiaceae
::::*Family 3.
Synchytriaceae
::::*Family 4.
Cladochytriaceae
::::*Family 5.
Woroninaceae
::*Order 2.
Blastocladiales
Blastocladiomycota is one of the currently recognized phyla within the kingdom Fungi#Taxonomic groups, Fungi.Hibbett DS et al. 2007. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the fungi. Mycological Research 111:509–47. Blastocladiomycota w ...
::*Order 3.
Monoblepharidales
::*Order 4.
Ancylistales
::*Order 5.
Saprolegniales
::::*Family 1.
Saprolegniaceae
Saprolegniaceae is a Family (biology), family of water mould, freshwater mould. James Ellis Humphrey (1861-1897), an American mycologist did significant work on this family.
Taxonomy
Saprolegniaceae contains the following genera, species, and su ...
::::*Family 2.
Leptomitaceae
::::*Family 3.
Pythiaceae
Pythiaceae is a family of oomycetes. The family includes serious plant and animal pathogens in the genus '' Pythium''. The family was circumscribed by German mycologist Joseph Schröter in 1893.
Lifecycle
*Live on land ( terrestrial), and in wa ...
::*Order 6.
Peronosporales
::*Order 7.
Mucorales
The Mucorales is the largest and best-studied order of zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds. The term mucormycosis is now preferred for infections caused by molds belonging to the order Mucorales.
Systematic ...
::*Order 8.
Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, in 2007, was circumscribed for them.
Most species of the entomophthorales are pathogens of insects ...
*Class 2.
Ascomycetae
:*Subclass 1.
Protoascomycetae
:*Subclass 2.
Euascomycetae
::*Order 1.
Aspergillales
::*Order 2.
Erysiphales
::*Order 3.
Hysteriales
::*Order 4.
Phacidiales
::*Order 5.
Pezizales
The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and whit ...
::*Order 6.
Tuberales
::*Order 7.
Helvellales
::*Order 8.
Exoascales
::*Order 9.
Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.
In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, in ...
::*Order 10.
Sphaeriales
::*Order 11.
Dothidiales
::*Order 12.
Laboulbeniales
*Class 3.
Basidiomycetae
:*Subclass 1.
Eubasidii
::*Order 1.
Agaricales
The Agaricales are an order (biology), order of fungi in the division (mycology), division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are ...
(
Hymenomyceatae)
::*Order 2.
Lycoperdales (
Gasteromycetae)
::*Order 3.
Dacryomycetales
::*Order 4.
Tremellales
::*Order 5.
Auriculariales
The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the " heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on ...
:*Subclass 2.
Hemibasidii
::*Order 1.
Urediniales
::*Order 2.
Ustilaginales
::::*Family 1.
Ustilaginaceae
::::*Family 2.
Tilletiaceae
*Class 4.
Fungi imperfecti
*
Lichens
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...
:*Subclass 1.
Ascholichenes
:*Subclass 2.
Basidiolichenes
Division Bryophyta
*Class 1.
Hepaticae (liverworts)
::*Order 1.
Sphaerocarpales
::::*Family 1.
Sphaerocarpaceae
::::*Family 2.
Riellaceae
::*Order 2.
Marchantiales
Marchantiales is an order of thallose liverworts (also known as "complex thalloid liverworts") that includes species like '' Marchantia polymorpha'', a widespread plant often found beside rivers, and '' Lunularia cruciata'', a common and often t ...
::::*Family 1.
Ricciaceae
::::*Family 2.
Corsiniaceae
::::*Family 3.
Targioniaceae
::::*Family 4.
Monocleaceae
::::*Family 5.
Marchantiaceae
::*Order 3.
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniales is the largest Order (biology), order of Marchantiophyta, liverworts. They are distinctive among the liverworts for having thin leaf-like flaps on either side of the stem. Most other liverworts are thalloid, with no leaves. Due to ...
:::*Suborder 1.
Metzgerineae
:::*Suborder 2.
Jungermannineae
::*Order 4.
Calobryales
*Class 2.
Anthocerotae (hornworts)
::*Order 1.
Anthocerotales
*Class 3.
Musci (mosses)
:*Subclass 1.
Sphagnobrya
:*Subclass 2.
Andreaeobrya
:*Subclass 3.
Eubrya
Division Psilophyta
*Class 1.
Psilophytinae (psilophytes)
::*Order 1.
Psilophytales
::::*Family 1.
Rhyniaceae
::::*Family 2.
Psilophytaceae
::::*Family 3.
Pseudosporochnaceae
::::*Family 4.
Zosterophyllaceae
::::*Family 5.
Asteroxylaceae
::*Order 2.
Psilotales
Division Lepidophyta
*Class 1.
Lycopodinae (lycopods)
::*Order 1.
Lycopodiales
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 17 accepted genera and about 500 known species. This family originated about 380 mi ...
::::*Family 1.
Protolepidodendraceae
::::*Family 2.
Lycopodiaceae
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 17 accepted genera and about 500 known species. This family originated about 380 mi ...
::*Order 2.
Selaginellales
::::*Family 1.
Selaginellaceae
''Selaginella'', also known as spikemosses or lesser clubmosses, is a genus of lycophyte. It is usually treated as the only genus in the family Selaginellaceae, with over 750 known species.
This family is distinguished from Lycopodiaceae (the ...
::::*Family 2.
Miadesmiaceae
::*Order 3.
Lepidodendrales
Lepidodendrales (from the Greek for "scale tree") or arborescent lycophytes are an extinct order of primitive, vascular, Heterospory, heterosporous, arborescent (tree-like) plants belonging to Lycopodiopsida. Members of Lepidodendrales are the bes ...
::::*Family 1.
Lepidodendraceae
::::*Family 2.
Lepidocarpaceae
::::*Family 3.
Bothrodendraceae
::::*Family 4.
Sigillariaceae
::*Order 4.
Isoetales
Isoetales, sometimes also written Isoëtales, is an order of plants in the class Lycopodiopsida.
There are about 140-150 living species, all of which are classified in the genus '' Isoetes'' (quillworts), with a cosmopolitan distribution, but ...
::::*Family 1.
Pleuromeiaceae
Pleuromeiaceae is an extinct family of plants related to living quillworts ('' Isoetes''), in the order Isoetales
Isoetales, sometimes also written Isoëtales, is an order of plants in the class Lycopodiopsida.
There are about 140-150 livin ...
::::*Family 2.
Isoetaceae
Isoetaceae is a family including living quillworts ('' Isoetes'') and comparable extinct herbaceous lycopsids ('' Tomiostrobus'').
References
External links
*
*
Lycophytes
Plant families
{{Lycophyte-stub ...
Division Calamophyta
*Class 1.
Equisetinae (horsetails)
::*Order 1.
Hyeniales
::*Order 2.
Sphenophyllales
::*Order 3.
Equisetales
::::*Family 1.
Calamitaceae
Calamitaceae is an extinct Family (biology), family of Equisetales, equisetalean plants related to the modern horsetails, known from the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Some members of this family like ''Arthropitys'' attained tree-like statur ...
::::*Family 2.
Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, also known as the horsetail family, is a family of ferns and the only surviving family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, ''Equisetum'', comprising about twenty species.
Evolution and systematics
Equisetaceae is ...
Division Pterophyta
{{further, Pterophyta
*Class 1.
Filicinae (ferns)
:*Subclass 1.
Primofilices (or
Inversicatenales,
Coenopterideae,
Palaeopteridales)
::*Order 1.
Protopteridales
::::*Family 1.
Protopteridaceae
::::*Family 2.
Cladoxylaceae
::*Order 2.
Coenopteridales
::::*Family 1.
Zygopteridaceae
::::*Family 2.
Botryopteridaceae
::::*Family 3.
Anachoropteridaceae
::*Order 3.
Archaeopteridales
The Archaeopteridales are an extinct order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects a ...
:*Subclass 2.
Eusporangitae
::*Order 1.
Ophioglossales
::*Order 2.
Marattiales
Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about ...
:*Subclass 3.
Leptosporangiatae
::*Order 1.
Filicales
::::*Family 1.
Osmundaceae
::::*Family 2.
Schizaeaceae
::::*Family 3.
Gleicheniaceae
::::*Family 4.
Matoniaceae
::::*Family 5.
Dipteridaceae
::::*Family 6.
Hymenophyllaceae
::::*Family 7.
Cyatheaceae
The Cyatheaceae are a family of ferns, the scaly tree ferns, one of eight families in the order Cyatheales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family may defined much more broadly (Cyatheaceae ...
::::*Family 8.
Dicksoniaceae
::::*Family 9.
Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a Family (biology), family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genus, genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder ...
::::*Family 10.
Parkeriaceae
::*Order 2.
Marsileales
::*Order 3.
Salviniales
The order Salviniales (formerly known as the Hydropteridales and including the former Marsileales) is an order of ferns in the class Polypodiopsida.
Description
Salviniales are all aquatic and differ from all other ferns in being heterosporous, ...
Systems of plant taxonomy
Systems of algal taxonomy
Systems of fungus taxonomy