A list of prehistoric and extant species whose fossils have been found in the London Clay, which underlies large areas of southeast England. Plant fossils, especially seeds and fruits, are found in abundance and have been collected from the London Clay for almost 300 years. Chandler, M.E.J. 1961. The lower Tertiary floras of southern England I. Palaeocene floras, London Clay flora. London: British Museum (Natural History). Some 350 named species of plant have been found, making the London Clay flora one of the world's most diverse for fossil seeds and fruits. The flora includes plant types found today in tropical forests of Asia and demonstrates the much warmer climate of the Eocene epoch, with plants such as '' Nypa'' (Nipah palms) and other palms being frequently encountered. The following plants list is incomplete and is based on the research by Marjorie Chandler. and research works done by the paleobotanist Steven R. Manchester and by professor of plant palaeobiology Margaret Collinson.

Plants

Pteridophytes

* Pteridaceae :*''

Acrostichum ''Acrostichum'' is a fern genus in the Parkerioideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It was one of the original pteridophyte genera delineated by Linnaeus. It was originally drawn very broadly, including all ferns that had sori apparently "ac ...

'' – mangrove fern :*''

Pteris ''Pteris'' (brake) is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, southward to New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, north to Japan an ...

'' sp. - brake :*''

Vittaria ''Vittaria'', the shoestring ferns, is a genus of ferns in the Vittarioideae subfamily of the family Pteridaceae. It had previously been placed in the family Vittariaceae,Karl U. Kramer. 1990. "Vittariaceae". pages 272-277. In: Klaus Kubitzki ( ...

'' sp. – shoestring fern, similar to ''

Vittaria lineata ''Vittaria lineata'', also known by its common name shoestring fern is a species of fern from the genus ''Vittaria''. It grows epiphytically An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients f ...

'' * Cyatheaceae – scaly tree fern :*'' Cyathea'' sp. – similar to ''

Cyathea delgadii ''Cyathea delgadii'' is a widespread species of tree fern. It is native to Central America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama), and much of South America (Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, including Trindade, Argentina ...

'' *

Thyrsopteridaceae ''Thyrsopteris'' is a genus of tree fern. It contains a single living species, ''Thyrsopteris elegans'', endemic to the Juan Fernandez Archipelago off the coast of Chile. ''Thyrsopteris'' is the only genus in the family Thyrsopteridaceae in the P ...

:*'' Thyrsopteris'' sp. – similar to '' Thyrsopteris elegans'' * Osmundaceae :*'' Osmunda '' sp. – similar to ''

Osmunda javanica ''Plenasium javanicum'' is a fern in the family Osmundaceae. The genus ''Plenasium'' is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I); however, some sources place all ''Plenasium'' species in a more broadly de ...

'' * Dryopteridaceae – wood fern, male fern :*'' Dryopteris'' sp. *

Athyriaceae The Athyriaceae (ladyferns and allies) are a family of terrestrial ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae, and includes two gene ...

:*''

Diplazium ''Diplazium'' is a genus of ferns that specifically includes the approximately 400 known species of twinsorus ferns. The Greek root is ''diplazein'' meaning ''double'': the indusia in this genus lie on both sides of the vein. These ferns were ...

'' sp. - similar to '' Diplazium smithianum'' *

Onocleaceae Onocleaceae is a small family of terrestrial ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family, along with Blechnaceae, may be ...

:*'' Onoclea '' sp. – similar to '' Onoclea sensibilis'' (the sensitive fern) *

Nephrolepidaceae ''Nephrolepis'' is a genus of about 30 species of ferns. It is the only genus in the family Nephrolepidaceae, placed in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods I) of the order Polypodiales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 ...

– macho ferns :*''

Nephrolepis ''Nephrolepis'' is a genus of about 30 species of ferns. It is the only genus in the family Nephrolepidaceae, placed in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods I) of the order Polypodiales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 ...

'' sp. * Salviniaceae – water ferns :*'' Azolla'' * Marsilea – water clover :*'' Marsilea'' sp. - similar to ''

Marsilea quadrifolia ''Marsilea quadrifolia'' is a herbaceous plant found naturally in central and southern Europe, Caucasia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, south-west India, China, Japan, and Vietnam, though it is considered a weed in some parts of the United State ...

Lycopodiophytes

* Lycopodiaceae – clubmosses :*'' Lycopodium'' sp. :*'' Phylloglossum '' sp. – similar to '' Phylloglossum drummondii '' (pygmy clubmoss)

Gymnosperms

* Ginkgoaceae :* '' Ginkgo'' sp. * Cycadaceae :*'' Cycas'' sp. - similar to ''

Cycas schumanniana ''Cycas schumanniana'' is a species of cycad endemic to New Guinea. Range It is found in northern New Guinea along the foothills of the Bismarck Range, where it is found in the valleys of the Markham River, Ramu River, and Bulolo River watershed ...

'' * Zamiaceae :*''

Zamia ''Zamia'' is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae, native to North America from the United States (in Georgia and Florida) throughout the West Indies, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. The genus is considered to be ...

'' sp. – similar to '' Zamia pumila'' * Araucariaceae – monkey puzzle, bunya pine, and Norfolk pine :*''

Agathis ''Agathis'', commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of 22 species of evergreen tree. The genus is part of the ancient conifer family Araucariaceae, a group once widespread during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but now largely re ...

'' sp. - similar to ''

Agathis dammara ''Agathis dammara'', commonly known as the Amboina pine or dammar pine, is a coniferous timberAgathis wood
tree native ...

'' :*†'' Araucarites'' spp. :*†''Doliostrobus stenbergi'' - fossils in the past named †Araucarites are said to be of this genus, it is now placed in its own family, †Doliostrobaceae. * Pinaceae :*'' Pinus'' spp. * Taxaceae :*?Taxaceae indet. :*†''

Cephalotaxus ''Cephalotaxus'', commonly called plum yew or cowtail pine, is a genus of conifers comprising 11 species, treated in either the Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus is endemic to eastern A ...

bowerbanki'' – plum yew :*'' Torreya'' sp. *

Cupressaceae Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress family, with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdio ...

:*†''

Callitris ''Callitris'' is a genus of coniferous trees in the Cupressaceae (cypress family). There are 16 recognized species in the genus, of which 13 are native to Australia and the other three (''C. neocaledonica, C. sulcata'' and ''C. p ...

curta'' (Callitrites curta) – cypress pine :*†'' Cupressinites'' spp. :*''

Libocedrus ''Libocedrus'' is a genus of five species of coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to New Zealand and New Caledonia. The genus is closely related to the South American genera ''Pilgerodendron'' and '' Austrocedrus'', and ...

adpressa'' :*†''Quasisequoia'' sp. :*'' Sequoia couttsiae'' :*'' Widdringtonia'' sp. – African cypresses * Podocarpaceae :*''

Afrocarpus ''Afrocarpus'' is a genus of conifers of the family Podocarpaceae. Two to six species are recognized. They are evergreen trees native to Africa. ''Afrocarpus'' was designated a genus in 1989, when several species formerly classified in ''Podocarp ...

'' sp. – similar to ''

Afrocarpus falcatus ''Afrocarpus falcatus'' ( syn. ''Podocarpus falcatus'') is a species of tree in the family Podocarpaceae. It is native to the montane forests of southern Africa, where it is distributed in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Eswatini. Common na ...

'' (common yellowwood) :*'' Podocarpus argillaelondinensis''? :*'' Podocarpus '' sp. – similar to ''

Podocarpus elatus ''Podocarpus elatus'', known as the plum pine, the brown pine or the Illawarra plum, is a species of ''Podocarpus'' endemic to the east coast of Australia, in eastern New South Wales and eastern Queensland. It is a medium to large evergreen tree ...

'' (plum pine) :*'' Podocarpus '' sp. – similar to ''

Podocarpus novae-caledoniae ''Podocarpus novae-caledoniae'' is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Grande Terre and the Île des Pins, New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (P ...

'' :*'' Podocarpus '' sp. – similar to '' Podocarpus nubigenus'' (Chilean podocarp, cloud podocarp) :*''

Prumnopitys ''Prumnopitys'' is a genus of conifers belonging to the family Podocarpaceae. The nine recognized species of ''Prumnopitys'' are densely branched, dioecious evergreen trees up to 40 metres in height. Etymology The name ''Prumnopitys'' comes ...

'' sp. – similar to '' Prumnopitys andina'' (the Chilean plum yew)

Angiosperms

Arecaceae The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees ...

– palms :*†''Caryotispermum cantiense'' :*''

Corypha ''Corypha'' (gebang palm, buri palm or talipot palm) is a genus of palms (family Arecaceae), native to India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Queensland). They are fan palms (sub ...

'' sp. :*'' Livistona minima'' :*'' Nypa burtini'' (syn. ''Nipa burtini'') :*''

Oncosperma ''Oncosperma'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It contains the following species, native to Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka:Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Ro ...

anglica'' :*†''Palmospermum bracknellense'' :*†''Palmospermum cooperi'' :*†''Palmospermum davisi'' :*†''Palmospermum elegans'' :*†''Palmospermum jenkinsi'' :*†''Palmospermum minutum'' :*†''Palmospermum ornatum'' :*†''Palmospermum ovale'' :*†''Palmospermum subglobulare'' :*'' Sabal grandisperma'' :*'' Serenoa'' sp. :*''? Trachycarpus'' sp. * Cyclanthaceae :*''

Cyclanthus ''Cyclanthus'' a genus of plants in the family Cyclanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1824. It is native to tropical Latin America and the West Indies. It consists of large, palm-like monocots Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as ...

lakensis'' *

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus ''Carex'' w ...

- sedges :*†''Caricoidea obovata'' :*†''Polycarpella caespitosa'' * Posidoniaceae - seagrass family :*'' Posidonia parisiensis'' *

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains nine genera with about 70 known species. Water li ...

– water lilies :*†''Protobarclaya eocenica'' :*'' Victoria'' sp - similar to '' Victoria cruziana'' * Magnoliaceae :*'' Liriodendron gardneri'' - tulip tree :*'' Magnolia angusta'' :*'' Magnolia crassa'' :*'' Magnolia davisi'' :*'' Magnolia lata'' :*'' Magnolia lobata'' :*'' Magnolia oblonga'' :*'' Magnolia pygmaea'' :*'' Magnolia rugosa'' :*'' Magnolia subquadrangularis'' :*'' Magnolia symmetrica'' * Myristicaceae - nutmeg family :*†''Myristicacarpum chandlerae'' * Annonaceae - the custard apple family :*''

Alphonsea ''Alphonsea'' is a genus of plant in the family Annonaceae. ''The Plant List'' recognises 38 accepted species: * '' Alphonsea boniana'' * '' Alphonsea borneensis'' * '' Alphonsea curtisii'' * '' Alphonsea cylindrica'' * '' Alphonsea ell ...

'' sp. :*†''Anonaspermum anonijorme'' - related to the genera '' Anonna'' and '' Polyalthia'', most similar species is ''

Annona muricata Soursop (also called ''graviola, guyabano'', and in Hispanic America, ''guanábana'') is the fruit of ''Annona muricata'', a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree. It is native to the tropical regions of the Americas and the Caribbean and is wid ...

'' :*†''Anonaspermum cerebellatum'' -

Uvaria ''Uvaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. The generic name ''uvaria'' is derived from the Latin ''uva'' meaning grape, likely because the edible fruit of some species in the genus resemble grapes. Circumscription Specie ...

Melodorum ''Uvaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. The generic name ''uvaria'' is derived from the Latin ''uva'' meaning grape, likely because the edible fruit of some species in the genus resemble grapes. Circumscription Speci ...

and Orophea shows closest resemblance to the fossil :*†''Anonaspermum commune'' :*†''Anonaspermum complanatum'' - related to '' Anonna'' and ''

'' :*†''Anonaspermum corrugatum'' - related to the genera ''Anonna'' and ''Melodorum'' :*†''Anonaspermum minimum'' - related to ''Dasymaschalon clusiflorum'' :*†''Anonaspermum obscurum'' :*†''Anonaspermum ovale'' - related to the genera '' Anonna'' and ''

'' :*†''Anonaspermum pulchrum'' - related to ''Dasymaschalon clusiflorum'' :*†''Anonaspermum punctatum'' - related to the genera ''Bocagea'', '' Orophea'', ''

Unonopsis ''Unonopsis'' is a genus of plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all ...

'', and '' Guatteria'' :*†''Anonaspermum rotundatum'' - distantly related to ''Polyauhia'' :*†''Anonaspermum rugosum'' :*†''Anonaspermum subcompressum'' :*''

Asimina ''Asimina'' is a genus of small trees or shrubs described as a genus in 1763. ''Asimina'' is the only temperate genus in the tropical and subtropical flowering plant family, Annonaceae. ''Asimina'' has large simple leaves and large fruit. It is ...

'' sp. - similar to ''

Asimina reticulata ''Asimina reticulata'', the netted pawpaw, is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Florida in the United States. Description It is a bush reaching 1.5 meters in height. It has a deep, spindle-shaped taproot from which 1 ...

'' :*'' Orophea'' sp. :*'' Polyalthia'' sp. :*''

Rollinia ''Rollinia'' is a genus of plants in the family Annonaceae. While it is widely recognised as a distinct genus a monograph published in 2006 advocates its inclusion in ''Annona'',Rainer, H. (2006)Monographic studies in the genus ''Annona'' L. (Ann ...

'' sp. :*''

'' sp. *

Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...

– avocado and cinnamon family :*''

Beilschmiedia ''Beilschmiedia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in family Lauraceae. Most of its species grow in tropical climates, but a few of them are native to temperate regions, and they are widespread in tropical Asia, Africa, Madagascar, Australia, N ...

bognorensis'' :*''

eocenica'' :*''

gigantea'' :*''

oviformis'' :*''

pyriformis'' :*'' Cinnamomum grande'' :*'' Cinnamomum globulare'' :*'' Cinnamomum oblongum'' :*'' Cinnamomum ovoideum'' :*†''Crowella globosa'' :*'' Endiandra'' spp. :*†''Laurocalyx bowerbanki'' :*†''Laurocalyx dubius'' :*†''Laurocalyx fibrotorulosus'' :*†''Laurocalyx globularis'' :*†''Laurocalyx magnus'' :*†''Laurocarpum crassum'' :*†''Laurocarpum cupuliferum'' :*†''Laurocarpum davisi'' :*†''Laurocarpum inornatum'' :*†''Laurocarpum minimum'' :*†''Laurocarpum minutissimum'' :*†''Laurocarpum ovoideum'' :*†''Laurocarpum paradoxum'' :*†''Laurocarpum proteum'' :*†''Laurocarpum pyrocarpum'' :*†''Laurocarpum sheppeyense'' :*'' Litsea pyriformis'' :*'' Ocotea'' sp. :*†''Protoaltingia europaea'' :*†''Protoravensara sheppeyensis'' * Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family :*''

Aristolochia ''Aristolochia'' () is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse clima ...

'' sp. * Schisandraceae :*'' Illicium'' sp. - similar to '' Illicium floridanum'' * Dilleniaceae :*'' Hibbertia bognorensis'' :*'' Tetracera? cantiensis'' :*'' Tetracera crofti'' :*'' Tetracera eocenica'' * Platanaceae – sycamore or plane tree :*†''Plataninium decipiens'' *

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Pro ...

:*''

Dryandra ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'' is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus ''Banksia''. It was considered a separate genus named ''Dryandra'' until early 2007, when it was merged into ''Banksia'' on the basis of extensiv ...

acutiloba'' *

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergre ...

– beech, oak and chestnut family :*†''Quercinium pasanioides'' * Betulaceae – birch, alder and hornbeams :*'' Alnus richardsoni'' (syn. ''Petrophiloides richardsoni'') – an alder *

Ticodendraceae ''Ticodendron incognitum'' is the only species of ''Ticodendron'', and the only member of the family Ticodendraceae. It is most closely related to the family Betulaceae. It was discovered only in 1989 in Costa Rica, having been overlooked previ ...

:*†''Ferrignocarpus bivalvis'' * Myricaceae - wax-myrtle, bayberry family :*'' Myrica boveyana'' * Juglandaceae – walnut, hickory and pecan family :*†''Juglandicarya bognorensis'' :*†''Juglandicarya cooperi'' :*†''Juglandicarya depressa'' - the most common Juglandacarya species in the London Clay :*†''Juglandicarya lubbocki'' :*†''Juglandicarya minuta'' :*†''Petrophiloides richardsoni'' - among the two most abundant Juglandaceae species in the London Clay :*†''Pterocaryopsis bognorensis'' - related to the genus Pterocarya * Trochodendraceae :*'' Trochodendron pauciseminum'' * Haloragaceae :*†''Haloragicarya'' sp. * Sabiaceae :*†''Bognoria venablesi'' :*'' Meliosma cantiensis'' :*'' Meliosma jenkinsi'' :*'' Meliosma sheppeyensis'' * Menispermaceae – moon seed family :*†''Bowerbankella tiliacoroidea'' :*†''Davisicarpum gibbosum'' :*''

Diploclisia ''Diploclisia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae. Its native range is Southern China, Tropical Asia. Species: *'' Diploclisia affinis'' *'' Diploclisia glaucescens'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q5370 ...

bognorensis'' :*†''Eohypserpa parsonsi'' :*†''Frintonia ornata'' :*''

Hypserpa ''Hypserpa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae. Its native range is Tropical and Subtropical Asia and the Western Pacific. Species: *'' Hypserpa ademae'' *'' Hypserpa calcicola'' *'' Hypserpa decumbens' ...

'' sp. :*'' Jatrorrhiza'' sp. :*†''Menispermicarpum rariforme'' :*†''Menispermoxylon'' - close to the extant genus Tinomiscium :*†''Microtinomiscium foveolatum'' :*†''Palaeococculus lakensis'' :*†''Palaeosinomenium pulchrum'' :*†''Tinomiscoidea scaphiformis'' :*''Tinospora excavata'' :*†''Wardenia davisi'' * Cardiopteridaceae :*'' Citronella'' sp. * Torricelliaceae :*''Toricellia'' sp. - very similar to Torricellia bonesii from the

Clarno Formation Clarno may refer to: Locations * Clarno, Oregon * Clarno, Wisconsin ** Clarno (community), Wisconsin *Clarno Township, Lake County, South Dakota Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 United States Census, t ...

of Oregon * Hamamelidaceae – witch-hazel family :*''

Corylopsis ''Corylopsis'' is a genus of nearly 30 species of shrubs in the witch hazel family, Hamamelidaceae, native to eastern Asia with the majority of species endemic to China but with some also in Japan, Korea, and the Himalayas. This genus is also ...

? bognorensis'' :*''

? latisperma'' :*''

venablesi'' :*†''Jenkinsella'' sp. :*†''Protoaltingia europaea'' *

Altingiaceae Altingiaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) consisting of ...

:*'' Altingia'' sp. :*''

Liquidambar ''Liquidambar'', commonly called sweetgum (star gum in the UK), gum, redgum, satin-walnut, or American storax, is the only genus in the flowering plant family Altingiaceae and has 15 species. They were formerly often treated in Hamamelidaceae ...

palaeocenica'' - sweetgum * Oleaceae :*''

Fraxinus ''Fraxinus'' (), common name, commonly called ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae. It contains 45–65 species of usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous, though a number of Subtropics, subtropic ...

'' sp. *

Styracaceae The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The family is c ...

:*'' Styrax'' sp. * Theaceae :*'' Camellia'' sp. - tea :*'' Gordonia'' sp. :*''

Stewartia :Stewartia'' as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of ''Dombeya. ''Stewartia'' (sometimes spelled ''Stuartia''Sprague, T.A. (1928). The correct spelling of certain generic names. III. ''Kew Bulletin'' 1928: 337-365.Royal Botanic Gar ...

'' sp. * Pentaphylacaceae :*'' Eurya'' sp. *

Symplocaceae Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, including two genera, ''Symplocos ''Symplocos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the order Ericales. It contains about 300 species distributed in Asia and the Americas. Man ...

– sapphire-berry, sweet leaf. :*'' Symplocos curvata'' :*''Symplocos quadrilocularis'' :*''Symplocos trilocularis'' :*''Symplocos bognorensis'' * Ericaceae :*?''

Leucopogon ''Leucopogon'' is a genus of about 150-160 species of shrubs or small trees in the family Ericaceae, in the section of that family formerly treated as the separate family Epacridaceae. They are native to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the ...

quadrilocularis'' :*''

Lissanthe ''Lissanthe'' is a genus of about 10 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus ''Lissanthe'' are small, erect to spreading shrubs with egg-shaped to oblong leaves. Up to 17 Monoicy, bisex ...

'' sp. :*''

Rhododendron ''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nati ...

'' sp. * Sapotaceae :*†''Sapoticarpum rotundatum'' :*†''Sapoticarpum latum'' :*†''Sapoticarpum duhium'' :*†''Sapotispermum sheppeyense'' - allied to Chrysophyllum and Sideroxylon *

Bataceae ''Batis'' (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate and ...

- saltwort or beachwort :*''

Batis Batis may refer to: * ''Batis'' (plant), a genus of flowering, salt-tolerant plants * ''Batis'' (bird), a genus of birds in the wattle-eye family * Batis (commander), an ancient military commander * Batis (lens), a series of full-frame Zeiss l ...

'' sp. - similar to ''

Batis maritima ''Batis maritima'', the saltwort or beachwort (also known as ''turtleweed'', ''pickleweed'', ''barilla'', ''planta de sal'', ''camphire'', ''herbe-à-crâbes'', and ''akulikuli-kai''), is a halophyte. It is a C3-plant, long-lived perennial, dio ...

'' *

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All speci ...

:*†''Hightea elliptica'' :*†''Hightea turgida'' :*†''Myrtospermum variabile'' :*†''Palaeorhodomyrtus subangulata'' - allied to

Rhodomyrtus ''Rhodomyrtus'' is a group of shrubs and trees in the family Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1841. The genus is native to southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Its greatest levels of diversity are o ...

* Staphyleaceae :*?''

Tapiscia ''Tapiscia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Tapisciaceae Tapisciaceae is a family of flowering plants. Until recently it had been abandoned by taxonomists, and it was not recognised in the APG II system of 2003. In the APG III sy ...

'' sp. - bladdernut *

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

:*''

Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australasia. The genus na ...

'' sp. – similar to ''

Vachellia farnesiana ''Vachellia farnesiana'', also known as ''Acacia farnesiana'', and previously ''Mimosa farnesiana'', commonly known as sweet acacia, huisache, or needle bush, is a species of shrub or small tree in the legume family, Fabaceae. Its flowers are use ...

'' :*'' Caesalpinia'' sp. - seed pods very similar to seed pods of C. claibornensis from the middle Eocene of Tennessee :*'' Dalbergia'' sp. :*†''Leguminocarpon gardneri'' - seed pods most compatible to seed pods of species in Caesalpinia and Peltogyne :*†''Leguminocarpon nervosum'' :*†''Mimosites browniana'' *

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

:*'' Rubus'' sp. * Elaeagnaceae :*'' Elaeagnus'' sp. - oleaster, silverberry * Myrsinaceae :*'' Ardisia eocenica'' * Rhizophoraceae - mangrove :*''

Ceriops ''Ceriops'' is a genus of mangroves in family Rhizophoraceae. There are 5 accepted species and 17 known synonyms. List of species * ''Ceriops australis'' (C.T.White) Ballment, T.J.Sm. & J.A.Stoddart ** ''Ceriops tagal'' var. ''australis'' C.T ...

'' sp. :*†''Palaeobruguiera elongata'' :*†''Palaeobruguiera lata'' * Salicaceae :*'' Oncoba variabilis'' :*†''Oncobella'' sp. :*†'' Saxifragispermum spinosissimum'' *

Linaceae Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...

:*†''Decaplatyspermum bowerbanki'' :*†''Wetherellia variahilis'' - related to

Hugonia ''Hugonia'' is a genus of plant in the family Linaceae. The genus was named by Linnaeus after Augustus Johann von Hugo (1686-1760) of Hannover. Species include: * ''Hugonia deplanchei'' * ''Hugonia jenkinsii'' * ''Hugonia macrophylla'' Oliv. * ...

* Nyctaginaceae - the four o'clock family :*'' Pisonia'' sp. - the birdcatcher tree * Olacaceae :*''Erythropalum europaeum'' - Only one extant species of this genus which is a scandent shrubs or liana :*''Erythropalum jenkinsi'' :*''Erythropalum turbinatum'' :*''

Olax ''Olax'' is a plant genus in the family Olacaceae. The name derives from the Latin, ''olax'' (malodorous), and refers to the unpleasant scent of some of the ''Olax'' species. ''Olax'' is an Old World genus represented by several climbers, som ...

depressa'' *

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

:*'' Satureja'' sp. * Boraginaceae :*''

Ehretia ''Ehretia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It contains about 50 species. The generic name honors German botanical illustrator Georg Dionysius Ehret (1708–1770). Species Accepted species and other notable t ...

clausentia'' :*''

ehretioides'' :*'' Heliotropium'' sp. *

Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...

:*†''Cantisolanum daturoides'' :*''

Datura ''Datura'' is a genus of nine species of highly poisonous, vespertine-flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. They are commonly known as thornapples or jimsonweeds, but are also known as devil's trumpets (not to be conf ...

'' sp. - similar to '' Datura ferox'' :*''

'' sp. - similar to '' Datura metel'' * Apocynaceae - the dogbane family :*''

Allamanda ''Allamanda'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. They are native to the Americas, where they are distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Some species are familiar as ornamental plants cultivated for their large, colorful flow ...

'' sp. :*†''Ochrosella ovalis'' :*†''Ochrosoidea sheppeyensis'' * Burseraceae - the incense tree family :*'' Boswellia'' sp. :*†''Bursericarpum aldwickense'' :*†''Bursericarpum bognorense'' :*†''Bursericarpum ovale'' :*†''Bursericarpum venablesi'' :*†''Palaeobursera bognorensis'' :*†''Protocommiphora europaea'' * Anacardiaceae :*''

Choerospondias ''Choerospondias'' is a genus of plants with two species, belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. Currently, ''Choerospondias axillaris'' is the only extant species in the genus. Species *''Choerospondias auriculata'' D.Chandra *''Choerospondi ...

sheppeyensis'' :*''

Dracontomelon ''Dracontomelon'' (Vietnamese: ''chi sấu''Phạm Hoàng Hộ (2003) ''Cây Cỏ Việt Nam: an Illustrated Flora of Vietnam'' vol. II publ. Nhà Xuẩt Bản Trẻ, HCMC, VN.) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, growing ...

minimum'' :*''

subglobosum'' :*'' Lannea europaea'' :*'' Lannea jenkinsi'' :*†''Lobaticarpum variabile'' :*'' Mangifera'' sp. - mango :*''Odina europaea'' :*''Odina jenkinsi'' :*''Odina subreniformis'' :*''

Poupartia ''Poupartia'' is a genus of plant in family Anacardiaceae. From the islands of Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues and Réunion, all in the Indian Ocean. Taxonomy The genus name of ''Poupartia'' is in honour of François Poupart (d. 1708), a French ...

'' sp. :*†''Pseudosclerocarya subalata'' :*†''Spondiaecarpon operculatum'' - according to several botanists, the pyritized specimens, originally described as Spondiaecarpon operculatum, represent

locule A locule (plural locules) or loculus (plural loculi) (meaning "little place" in Latin) is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism (animal, plant, or fungus). In angiosperms (flowering plants), the term ''locule'' usu ...

casts of

Torricellia ''Torricellia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Torricelliaceae. It is native to Eastern Himalaya, Nepal, Tibet, southern China and also Vietnam. Known species: * ''Torricellia angulata'' Oliv. * ''Torricellia tiliifolia' ...

sp. :*†''Xylocarya'' sp. * Onagraceae :*†''Palaeeucharidium cellulare'' - allied to Eucharidium *

Lythraceae Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera, with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea'' (50), ''Rotala'' (45), and ''Lythrum'' (35). ...

:*†''Cranmeria trilocularis'' :*†''Minsterocarpum alatum'' - closely related to the crape myrtle or crepe myrtle genus

Lagerstroemia ''Lagerstroemia'' (), commonly known as crape myrtle (also spelled crepe myrtle or crêpe myrtle), is a genus of around 50 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs native to the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, northern Australia ...

:*†''Pachyspermum quinqueloculare'' :*†''Tamesicarpum polyspermum'' * Malvaceae :*†''Cantitilia polysperma'' * Elaeocarpaceae :*†''Echinocarpus sheppeyensis'' * Moraceae – mulberry and fig family :*'' Artocarpus'' sp. – breadfruit :*'' Ficus'' sp. – fig :*'' Maclura'' sp. :*?'' Morus'' sp. * Urticaceae :*†''Urticicarpum scutellum'' * Euphorbiaceae - the spurge family :*'' Aleurites'' sp. :*'' Croton'' sp. :*'' Euphorbia '' sp. – similar to ''

Euphorbia cotinifolia ''Euphorbia cotinifolia'' is a broadleaf red shrub native to Mexico and South America. Treated as a shrub, it reaches but can be grown as a tree reaching . Small white flowers with creamy bracts bloom at the ends of the branches in summer. The ...

'' :*†''Euphorbiospermum bognorense'' :*†''Euphorbiospermum cooperi'' :*†''Euphorbiospermum eocenicum'' :*†''Euphorbiospermum obliquum'' :*†''Euphorbiospermum subglobulare'' :*†''Euphorbiospermum subovoideum'' :*†''Euphorbiospermum venablesi'' :*†''Euphorbiotheca minima'' :*†''Euphorbiotheca sheppeyensis'' :*†''Lagenoidea bilocularis'' :*†''Lagenoidea trilocularis'' :*''

Manihot ''Manihot'' is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2 Species of ''Manihot'' are monoecious . . trees, shrubs a ...

'' sp. – cassava :*†''Wetherellia variabilis'' * Cucurbitaceae - the gourd family :*†''Cucurbitospermum cooperi'' :*†''Cucurbitospermum equiaelaterale'' :*†''Cucurbitospermum sheppeyense'' :*†''Cucurbitospermum triangulare'' *

Vitaceae The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the ge ...

:*''

Ampelopsis ''Ampelopsis'', commonly known as peppervine or porcelainberry, is a genus of climbing shrubs, in the grape family Vitaceae. The name is derived from the grc, ἅμπελος (''ampelos''), which means "vine". The genus was named in 1803. It is ...

'' sp. :*†''Palaeovitis'' sp. :*''

Tetrastigma ''Tetrastigma'' is a genus of plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. The plants are lianas that climb with tendrils and have palmately compound leaves. Plants are dioecious, with separate male and female plants; female flowers are characterized ...

corrugata'' :*''

davisi'' :*''

elliotti'' :*''

sheppeyensis'':*†''Vitacexoylon'' sp. - close to the extant genus

Rhoicissus ''Rhoicissus'' is an Afrotropical plant genus in the grape family Vitaceae and subfamily Vitoideae. There are between nine and twenty-two accepted species. The leaves of species '' R. tomentosa'' and ''R. tridentata'' are eaten by caterpillars ...

:*'' Vitis bilobata'' :*'' Vitis bognorensis'' :*'' Vitis bracknellensis'' :*'' Vitis elegans'' :*'' Vitis longisulcata'' :*'' Vitis magnisperma'' :*'' Vitis obovoidea'' :*'' Vitis platyformis'' :*'' Vitis pygmaea'' :*'' Vitis rectisulcata'' :*'' Vitis semenlabruscoides'' :*'' Vitis subglobosa'' :*'' Vitis venablesi'' *

Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in tempera ...

– soapberry :*''

Atalaya Atalaya (Spanish for watchtower) may refer to: Places Spain * Atalaya, Badajoz, a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura * Atalaya (Madrid), a ward in Madrid * Atalaya del Cañavate, a municipality in the province of Cuenca, Castile- ...

'' sp. – similar to ''Atalaya variifolia from

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

'' :*†''Cupanoides grandis'' - related to ''

Cupania ''Cupania'' is a plant genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species an ...

'' :*†''Cupanoides tumidus'' - related to ''

'' :*†''Palaeallophylus minimus'' :*†''Palaeallophyllus ovoideus'' :*†''Palaeallophylus rotundatus'' :*†''Palaealectryon spirale'' :*†''Sapindospermum cooperi'' :*†''Sapindospermum davisi'' :*†''Sapindospermum grande'' :*†''Sapindospermum jenkinsi'' :*†''Sapindospermum ovoideum'' :*†''Sapindospermum revolutum'' :*†''Sapindospermum subovatum'' :*'' Toechima'' sp. * Meliaceae - the mahogany family :*'' Cedrela'' sp. :*†''Melicarya variabili'' :*''

Toona ''Toona'', commonly known as redcedar, toon (also spelled tun) or toona, tooni (in India) is a genus in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, native from Afghanistan south to India, and east to North Korea, Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia. In ol ...

sulcata'' * Rutaceae - the rue family :*†''Canticarya gracilis'' :*†''Canticarya ovalis'' :*†''Canticarya sheppeyensis'' :*†''Canticarya ventricosa'' :*†''Caxtonia elongata'' :*†''Caxtonia glandulosa'' :*†''Caxtonia rutacaeformis'' :*†''Citrispermum sheppeyense'' :*†''Clausenispermum dubium'' :*†''Eozanthoxylon glandulosum'' :*'' Euodia costata'' :*†''Rutaspermum bognorense'' :*†''Rutaspermum minimum '' :*†''Shrubsolea jenkinsi'' :*†''Zanthoxylon compression'' :*†''Zanthoxylon bognorense'' * Celastraceae - the staff vine or bittersweet family :*†''Canticarpum celastroides'' :*'' Catha'' sp. – most similar to ''

Catha edulis Khat or qat ( ''ch’at''; Oromo: ''Jimaa'', so, qaad, khaad, khat or chat, ar, القات ''al-qāt'') is a flowering plant native to eastern and southern Africa. Khat contains the alkaloid cathinone, a stimulant, which is said to cause e ...

'' (

Khat Khat or qat ( ''ch’at''; Oromo: ''Jimaa'', so, qaad, khaad, khat or chat, ar, القات ''al-qāt'') is a flowering plant native to eastern and southern Africa. Khat contains the alkaloid cathinone, a stimulant, which is said to cause e ...

) :*†''Cathispermum pulchrum'' :*†''Celastrinoxylon ramunculiformis'' * Sterculiaceae :*''

Dombeya ''Dombeya'' is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. These plants are known by a number of vernacular names which sometim ...

'' sp. :*†''Sphinxia ovalis'' * Cornaceae :*†''Beckettia mastixioides'' :*'' Cornus ettingshausenii'' :*†''Dunstania ettinghauseni'' :*†''Dunstania multilocularis'' :*†''Langtonia bisulcata'' :*†''Lanfrancia subglobosa'' :*''

Mastixia ''Mastixia'' is a genus of about 19 species of resinous evergreen trees, usually placed in the family Cornaceae. Its range extends from India through Southeast Asia and New Guinea to the Solomon Islands. ''Mastixia'' species have alternate or opp ...

cantiensis'' :*''

grandis'' :*''

parva'' :*†''Portnallia bognorensis'' :*†''Portnallia sheppeyensis'' * Nyssaceae - the tupelo family :*'' Nyssa bilocularis'' :*'' Nyssa cooperi'' :*†''Palaeonyssa multilocularis'' *Curtisiaceae :*'' Curtisia quadrilocularis'' * Alangiaceae :*'' Alangium jenkinsi'' * Icacinaceae :*†''Faboidea crassicutis'' :*†''Icacinicarya amygadaloidea'' :*†''Icacinicarya bartonensis'' :*†''Icacinicarya becktonensis'' :*†''Icacinicarya bognorensis'' :*†''Icacinicarya echinata'' :*†''Icacinicarya elegans'' :*†''Icacinicarya emarginata'' :*†''Icacinicarya forbesii'' :*†''Icacinicarya foveolata'' :*†''Icacinicarya glabra'' :*†''Icacinicarya inornata'' :*†''Icacinicarya jenkinsi'' :*†''Icacinicarya minima'' :*†''Icacinicarya mucronata'' :*†''Icacinicarya nodulifera'' :*†''Icacinicarya ovalis'' :*†''Icacinicarya ovoidea'' :*†''Icacinicarya platycarpa'' :*†''Icacinicarya pygmaea'' :*†''Icacinicarya reticulata'' :*†''Icacinicarya rotundata'' :*†''Icacinicarya transversalis'' :*''Iodes acutiform'' :*''Iodes bilinica'' :*''Iodes corniculata'' :*''Iodes davisii'' :*''Iodes eocenica'' :*''Iodes multireticulata'' :*'' Mappia'' sp. :*''

Miquelia ''Miquelia'' is a genus of plants in the family Icacinaceae found in tropical India, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines. The genus was circumscribed by Carl Meissner in Pl. Vasc. Gen. vol.1 on page 152 in 1838. The name ''Miquelia'' is in hono ...

'' sp. :*''Natsiatum eocenicum'' :*†''Palaeophytocrene ambigua'' :*†''Palaeophytocrene foveolata'' :*†''Perforatocarpum echinatum'' :*†''Sphaeriodes ventricosa'' :*†''Stizocarya communis''

Animals

Animal fossils include

bivalves Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

s, nautilus, worm tubes, brittle stars and

starfish Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea (). Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or basket stars. Starfish ...

crab Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) ( el, βραχύς , translit=brachys = short, / = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. They live in all the ...

lobster Lobsters are a family (biology), family (Nephropidae, Synonym (taxonomy), synonym Homaridae) of marine crustaceans. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs ...

s, fish (including shark and

ray Ray may refer to: Fish * Ray (fish), any cartilaginous fish of the superorder Batoidea * Ray (fish fin anatomy), a bony or horny spine on a fin Science and mathematics * Ray (geometry), half of a line proceeding from an initial point * Ray (g ...

teeth),

reptile Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the class Reptilia ( ), a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, squamates (lizards and snakes) and rhynchocephalians ( ...

s (particularly turtles), and a large diversity of birds. A few

mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...

remains have also been recorded. Preservation varies; articulated skeletons are generally rare. Of fish, isolated teeth are very frequent. Bird bones are not infrequently encountered compared to other '' lagerstätten'', but usually occur as single bones and are often broken. The following fauna species list follows Clouter (2007).

Vertebrates

Mammals

* '' Argillotherium'' * '' Coryphodon eocaenus'' – a pantodont * '' Hyracotherium'' – a palaeothere * ''

Oxyaena ''Oxyaena'' ("sharp hyena") is an extinct genus of oxyaenid mammal from early Eocene of Europe, Asia and North America (most specimens being found in Colorado). Etymology The name of the genus translates as "sharp hyaena" ( and name of hyen ...

'' – a creodont * ''Platychoerops richardsoni'' - from

Herne Bay Herne Bay is a seaside town on the north coast of Kent in South East England. It is north of Canterbury and east of Whitstable. It neighbours the ancient villages of Herne and Reculver and is part of the City of Canterbury local government ...

, a primate belonging to the order

Plesiadapiformes Plesiadapiformes (" Adapid-like" or "near Adapiformes") is a group of Primates, a sister of the Dermoptera. While none of the groups normally directly assigned to this group survived, the group appears actually not to be literally extinct (in t ...

Birds

* '' Anatalavis oxfordi'' – a waterbird possibly related to the

magpie-goose The magpie goose (''Anseranas semipalmata'') is the sole living representative species of the family Anseranatidae. This common waterbird is found in northern Australia and southern New Guinea. As the species is prone to wandering, especially w ...

* '' Archaeodromus'' - an archaeotrogonid * '' Argillipes'' – perhaps a

landfowl Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are often ...

* '' Coturnipes'' – a quail-like bird * ''

Danielsraptor ''Danielsraptor'' (meaning "Michael Daniels's thief") is an extinct genus of masillaraptorid bird from the Early Eocene (Ypresian) Walton Member of the London Clay Formation in Essex, United Kingdom. The genus contains a single species, ''D. pho ...

'' – a

masillaraptorid Masillaraptoridae is an extinct family of stem-group falconiform birds from the Eocene of Europe. They are noted for their relatively long legs. Two genera have been named: '' Danielsraptor'', from the London Clay of England, and ''Masillaraptor' ...

falconiform, closely related to ''

Masillaraptor ''Masillaraptor'' is an extinct genus of masillaraptorid, a groups basal falconiforms, from the Middle Eocene Messel Pit, Germany. It is a long-legged relative of the living falcons. Known species Only one species of ''Masillaraptor'' is kno ...

'' * '' Dasornis – a pseudotooth bird * '' Eocolius'' – a coliiform * '' Eostrix'' – an owl * '' Gastornis'' – from the Isle of Grain, a very large flightless galloansere * '' Halcyornis'' – a parrot or

roller Roller may refer to: Birds *Roller, a bird of the family Coraciidae * Roller (pigeon), a domesticated breed or variety of pigeon Devices * Roller (agricultural tool), a non-powered tool for flattening ground * Road roller, a vehicle for compa ...

relative * ''

Lithornis ''Lithornis'' is a genus of extinct paleognathous birds. Although ''Lithornis'' was able to fly well, their closest relatives are the extant tinamous (which are poor flyers) and ratites (which are flightless birds). Fossils of ''Lithornis'' a ...

'' – a paleognath * ''

Lutavis ''Lutavis'' (meaning "clay bird") is an extinct genus of potentially afroavian bird from the Early Eocene London Clay Formation of Essex, United Kingdom. The genus contains a single species, ''L. platypelvis'', known from a partial skeleton. ...

'' – a possible afroavian * ''

Nasidytes ''Nasidytes'' is an extinct genus of loon (Gaviiformes) that lived during the early Eocene in what is now Great Britain. It contains a single species, ''N. ypresianus''. ''Nasidytes'' is the earliest unambiguously identified loon in the fossil ...

–'' a

loon Loons (North American English) or divers (British / Irish English) are a group of aquatic birds found in much of North America and northern Eurasia. All living species of loons are members of the genus ''Gavia'', family Gaviidae and order Gavi ...

* '' Odontopteryx'' – a pseudotooth bird * '' Parvigyps'' – perhaps a diurnal raptor * '' Pediorallus'' – a paleognath or landfowl * '' Percolinus'' – perhaps a landfowl * ''" Precursor"'' – apparently a chimera of Charadriiformes and Psittaciformes (and possibly other) bones * ''

Primapus ''Primapus'' is an extinct genus of apodiform bird from the Early Eocene of the United Kingdom. Its fossils were found in the London Clay, which was deposited around 50 million years ago. The type species is ''P. lacki''. Sources * ''Fossils' ...

'' – a swift-like bird * '' Primodroma'' – a tubenose, possibly a

storm-petrel Storm-petrel may refer to one of two bird families, both in the order Procellariiformes, once treated as the same family. The two families are: *Northern storm petrels (''Hydrobatidae'') are found in the Northern Hemisphere, although some species ...

* ''

Promusophaga ''Lithornis'' is a genus of extinct paleognathous birds. Although ''Lithornis'' was able to fly well, their closest relatives are the extant tinamous (which are poor flyers) and ratites (which are flightless birds). Fossils of ''Lithornis'' a ...

'' – a paleognath * '' Prophaeton'' – a tropicbirds relative * '' Proherodius'' – a waterbird * '' Proplegadis'' – a

stork Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family called Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons an ...

or ibis * '' Pseudodontornis'' – a pseudotooth bird * '' Psittacomimus'' – a psittacopedid, closely related to '' Parapsittacopes'' * '' Pulchrapollia'' – a parrot relative * '' Stintonornis'' – probably a

hawk Hawks are bird of prey, birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are widely distributed and are found on all continents except Antarctica. * The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks and others. Th ...

relative * ''

Tynskya ''Tynskya'' is a genus of messelasturid bird. It is known from a fossil of the North American Green River Formation and the London Clay Formation of England, both from the early Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted ...

'' – a messelasturid related to passerines and parrots * '' Waltonavis'' – a possible leptosomiform * '' Ypresiglaux'' – a basal

strigiform Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers ...

Reptiles

Crocodylians * '' Diplocynodon'' – an alligatoroid * '' Kentisuchus spenceri'' – a crocodylid Snakes * '' Palaeophis toliapicus'' and ''P. typhaeus'' Turtles and tortoises Sheppey turtles

* ''

Allaeochelys ''Allaeochelys'' is an extinct genus of Carettochelyid turtle, known from the Eocene to Miocene of Europe, Asia, North America and Africa. Fossils of the species ''Allaeochelys crassesculpta'' have been found in the Messel Pit near Darmstadt, G ...

'' – a

pig-nosed turtle The pig-nosed turtle (''Carettochelys insculpta''), also known as the pitted-shelled turtle or Fly River turtle, is a species of turtle native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea. It is the only living member of the family Carettoche ...

* ''

Argillochelys ''Argillochelys'' is an extinct genus of sea turtle from the middle to lower Eocene in what is now Britain. It was first named by Lydekker in 1889. A species, ''A. africana'', was found in Morocco, and described in 2008 by Tong & Hirayama. Refe ...

'', ''

Eochelone ''Eochelone'' is an extinct genus of sea turtle from the late Eocene. It was first named by Dollo in 1903. Its type species is ''E. brabantica''. References Professor Paul's Guide to Reptiles''Eochelone''in the Paleobiology Database The Paleo ...

'', ''

Puppigerus ''Puppigerus'' is an extinct genus of sea turtle from the Eocene. It is known from finds in the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, and Uzbekistan. Taxonomy ''Puppigerus'' was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1870. As of 1997 ...

'' and ''" Thalassochelys"'' sp. – true sea-turtles * '' Chrysemys bicarinata'' and ''C. testudiniformis'' – pond turtles * '' Eosphargis'' – a leatherback sea-turtle * '' Homopus comptoni'' – a tortoise * '' Lytoloma crassicostatum'' and ''L. planimentum'' – prehistoric sea-turtles * '' Palemys bowerbanki'' – a

bothremydid Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles (Pleurodira) known from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. They are closely related to Podocnemididae, and are amongst the most widely distributed pleurodire groups, with their fossils having be ...

* '' Trionyx pustulatus'' and ''T.'' sp. – softshell turtles * '' Dacochelys'' and '' Pseudotrionyx'' – '' incertae sedis''

Bony fish

* ''

Acestrus ''Acestrus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene in Europe. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

elongatus'', ''A. ornatus'', '' Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus'', ''A. venablasi'', '' Xiphiorhynchus parvus'' and ''X priscus'' –

swordfish Swordfish (''Xiphias gladius''), also known as broadbills in some countries, are large, highly migratory predatory fish characterized by a long, flat, pointed bill. They are a popular sport fish of the billfish category, though elusive. Swordfis ...

relatives * '' Acipenser toliapicus'' – a true

sturgeon Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretace ...

* ''

Albula Albula may refer to: Places *Albula, an old (possibly legendary) name of the Tiber river Switzerland *Albula Range, a mountain range *Albula (river), a tributary of the Hinterrhein *Albula District, a district in canton Graubünden until 2017 ** ...

oweni'' – a bonefish * '' Ampheristus toliapicus'' – a scorpionfish * '' Ardiodus marriotti'' – '' incertae sedis'' * '' Argillichthys toombsi'' – a lizardfish relative * ''

Aulopopsis ''Aulopopsis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that lived during the lower Eocene. It is considered a relative of lizardfish in the order Aulopiformes, but its exact taxonomic placement is uncertain. Some authorities plac ...

depressifrons'', ''A. egertoni'' and ''

Labrophagus ''Labrophagus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People ...

esocinus'' – flagfins * ''

Beerichthys ''Beerichthys ingens'' is an extinct prehistoric bony fish that was a member of the Ypresian London Clay fauna of lower Eocene England. It is known only from a series of incomplete skulls. When originally described in 1966, ''B. ingens'' was ...

ingens'' and ''B.'' sp. – Two species of luvar or luvar-like fish * '' Bramoides brieni'' and '' Goniocranion arambourgi'' – pomfrets * ''

Brychaetus ''Brychaetus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony tongue fish known from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene. It contains a single species, ''Brychaetus muelleri''. Its fossils have been found in Europe, North America, and northern Africa. Th ...

muelleri'' – an arowana * '' Bucklandium diluvii'' – a naked catfish * '' Cylindracanthus rectus'' and '' Hemirhabdorhynchus elliotti'' – Blochiidae * '' Cymbium proosti'', '' Eocoelopoma colei'', ''E. curvatum'', ''E. gigas'', ''E. hopwoodi'', ''

Eothynnus ''Eothynnus salmonens'' is an extinct species of prehistoric jackfish that lived during the lower Eocene of what is now the Isle of Sheppey (as a part of the London Clay Lagerstatten. It is known exclusively from some preserved skulls. It was ...

salmoneus'', '' Scombramphodon crassidens'', ''S. sheppeyensis'', '' Scombrinus macropomus'', ''S. nuchalis'', '' Sphyraenodus priscus'', '' Tamesichthys decipiens'', '' Wetherellus brevior'', ''W. cristatus'', ''W. longior'' and '' Woodwardella patellifrons'' – mackerel and tuna relatives * ''

Diodon Porcupinefishes or balloonfishes, are any of the various species of the genus ''Diodon'', the type genus of Diodontidae. Distinguishing features Fish of the genus ''Diodon'' have: * two-rooted, movable spines (which are derived from modified s ...

'' sp. – a porcupinefish * '' Egertonia isodonta'' and '' Phyllodus toliapicus'' – Phyllodontidae * '' Elops'' sp., ''

Esocelops ''Esocelops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * ...

cavifrons'', '' Megalops oblongus'', ''M. priscus'', ''

Promegalops ''Promegalops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People ...

sheppeyensis'' and ''P. signeuxae'' – ladyfish * '' Enniskillenus radiatus'' –

acanthomorph Acanthomorpha (meaning "thorn-shaped") is an extraordinarily diverse taxon of teleost fishes with spiny rays. The clade contains about one third of the world's modern species of vertebrates: over 14,000 species. A key anatomical innovation in ...

* '' Eutrichurides winkleri'' – a cutlassfish * ''

Halecopsis ''Halecopsis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People ...

insignis'' – Halecopsidae * '' Laparon alticeps'' –

spadefish Ephippidae is a family containing the spadefishes, with about eight genera and a total of 20 marine species. Well-known species include the Atlantic spadefish (''Chaetodipterus faber'') and the reef-dwelling genus ''Platax'', the batfishes, whic ...

* '' Lehmanamia sheppeyensis'' – a

bowfin The bowfin (''Amia calva'') is a bony fish, native to North America. Common names include mudfish, mud pike, dogfish, grindle, grinnel, swamp trout, and choupique. It is regarded as a relict, being the sole surviving species of the Halecomorphi ...

* '' Myripristis toliapicus'', '' Naupygus bucklandi'' and ''

Paraberyx ''Paraberyx'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * ...

bowerbanki'' – soldierfish * '' Percostoma angustum'', '' Plesioserranus'' cf. ''wemmeliensi'' and '' Serranopsis londinensis'' – groupers * '' Podocephalus curryi'', ''P. nitidus'', '' Sciaenuropsis turneri'' and '' Sciaenurus bowerbanki'' –

porgies The Sparidae are a family of fish in the order Perciformes, commonly called sea breams and porgies. The sheepshead, scup, and red seabream are species in this family. Most sparids are deep-bodied compressed fish with a small mouth separated by a ...

* '' Progempylus edwardsi'' – a

snake mackerel The snake mackerel (''Gempylus serpens'') is the sole species of fish in the monotypic genus ''Gempylus'', belonging to the family Gempylidae (which is also referred to generally as "snake mackerels"). It is found worldwide in tropical and sub ...

* '' Pseudosphaerodon antiquus'' and ''P. navicularis'' –

wrasse The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into 9 subgroups or tribes. They are typically small, most of them le ...

s? * ''

Pycnodus ''Pycnodus'' (from el, πυκνός , 'dense' and el, ὀδούς 'tooth') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish ranging from the Jurassic to Eocene periods. As its name suggests, it is the type genus of Pycnodontiformes. The known whole ...

bowerbanki'' and ''P. toliapicus'' – Pychnodontidae * ''

Rhinocephalus ''Rhinocephalus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organization ...

planiceps'' and ''

Trichurides ''Trichurides'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations ...

sagittidens'' – hakes * '' Rhynchorhinus branchialis'' and ''R. major'' – Eccelidae * '' Tetratichthys antiquitatis'' – a

jack mackerel Jack mackerels or saurels are marine fish in the genus ''Trachurus'' of the family Carangidae. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words ''trachys'' ("rough") and ''oura'' ("tail"). Some species, such as ''T. murphyi'', are harvested in ...

* '' Whitephippus tamensis'' – a

lampriform Lampriformes is an order of ray-finned fish. Members are collectively called lamprids (which is more properly used for the Lampridae) or lampriforms, and unite such open-ocean and partially deep-sea Teleostei as the crestfishes, oarfish, opahs, ...

Cartilaginous fish

* ''

Abdounia ''Abdounia'' is an extinct genus of requiem shark which lived during the Paleogene period. It is mainly known from isolated teeth. It is one of the earliest requiem sharks, and attained widespread success in North America, Europe, and Africa. Lo ...

beaugi'', ''

Carcharhinus ''Carcharhinus'' is the type genus of the family Carcharhinidae, the requiem sharks. One of 12 genera in its family, it contains over half of the species therein. It contains 35 extant and eight extinct species to date, with likely more species y ...

'' sp. and '' Physogaleus secundus'' –

requiem shark Requiem sharks are sharks of the family Carcharhinidae in the order Carcharhiniformes. They are migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) and include such species as the tiger shark, bull shark, le ...

s * '' Aetobatis irregularis'', '' Burnhamia daviesi'', '' Myliobatis dixoni'', ''M. latidens'', ''M. raouxi'' and ''M. toliapicus'' – eagle rays * ''

Anomotodon ''Anomotodon'' is an extinct genus of shark related to the extant goblin shark (''Mitsukurina owstoni''). The distribution of ''Anomotodon'' fossils is worldwide, in formations indicating that members of the genus lived from the Early Cretaceous ...

sheppeyensis'' – a

goblin shark The goblin shark (''Mitsukurina owstoni'') is a rare species of deep-sea shark. Sometimes called a "living fossil", it is the only extant representative of the family Mitsukurinidae, a lineage some 125 million years old. This pink-skinned anima ...

* ''

Carcharias ''Carcharias'' is a genus of sand tiger sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae. Once bearing many prehistoric species, all have gone extinct with the exception of the critically endangered sand tiger shark. Description ''Carcharias'' ar ...

hopei'', '' Jaekelotodus trigonalis'', '' Odontaspis winkleri'', '' Palaeohypotodus rutoti'' and ''

Striatolamia ''Striatolamia'' is an extinct genus of sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae. These extinct sharks lived from the Early Paleocene to Late Miocene (61.7 to 10.3 Ma). Etymology The Latin genus name ''Striatolamia'' refers to the striati ...

macrota'' –

sand shark Sand sharks, also known as sand tiger sharks, gray nurse sharks or ragged tooth sharks, are Lamniformes, mackerel sharks of the family (biology), family Odontaspididae. They are found worldwide in temperate and tropical waters. The three specie ...

s * ''

Edaphodon ''Edaphodon'' was a fish genus of the family Callorhinchidae (sometimes assigned to Edaphodontidae). As a member of the Chimaeriformes, ''Edaphodon'' was a type of rabbitfish, a cartilaginous fish related to sharks and rays. The genus appeare ...

bucklandi'' and '' Elasmodus hunteri'' –

chimaera Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes , known informally as ghost sharks, rat fish, spookfish, or rabbit fish; the last three names are not to be confused with rattails, Opisthoproctidae, or Siganidae, respectively. At ...

s * '' Dasyatis davisi'' and ''D. wochadunensis'' –

stingray Stingrays are a group of sea rays, which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae ( ...

s * '' Galeorhinus lefevrei'', ''G. minor'', ''G. recticonus'', ''G. ypresiensis'', '' Mustelus whitei'' and ''

Triakis ''Triakis'' is a genus of houndsharks in the family Triakidae. The name comes from the Greek word τρι, ''tri'' meaning "three", and the Latin word ''acis'' meaning "sharp" or "pointed", in reference to the three-pointed teeth of these sharks. ...

wardi'' – hound sharks * '' Heterodontus vincenti'', ''H. wardenensis'' and ''H. woodwardi'' – bullhead sharks * '' Hexanchus agassizi'', '' H. collinsonae'', ''H. hookeri'', ''

Notorhynchus The broadnose sevengill shark (''Notorynchus cepedianus'') is the only extant member of the genus ''Notorynchus'', in the family Hexanchidae. It is recognizable because of its seven gill slits, while most shark species have five gill slits, w ...

serratissimus'' and '' Weltonia burnhamensis'' – cow sharks * '' Isisteus trituratus'' and '' Squalus minor'' –

dogfish sharks Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish, are one of several families of sharks categorized under Squaliformes, making it the second largest order of sharks, numbering 119 species across 7 families. Having earned t ...

* '' Isurolamna affinis'', ''

Isurus ''Isurus'' is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, commonly known as the mako sharks. Description The two living species are the common shortfin mako shark (''I. oxyrinchus'') and the rare longfin mako shark (''I. paucus''). They ...

nova'', ''I. praecursor'', '' Lamna inflata'', ''L. lerichei'', '' Otodus obliquus'', ''O. aksuaticus'' and '' Xiphodolamia eocaena'' –

white sharks The great white shark (''Carcharodon carcharias''), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. It is nota ...

* '' Megascyliorhinus cooperi'', '' Scyliorhinus casieri'', ''S. gilberti'', ''S. pattersoni'' and ''S. woodwardi'' – catsharks * '' Pararhincodon'' sp? – an indeterminate shark * '' Raja'' sp.? – an indeterminate ray * '' Squatina prima'' – an angel shark

Crustaceans

Lobster Lobsters are a family (biology), family (Nephropidae, Synonym (taxonomy), synonym Homaridae) of marine crustaceans. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs ...

s and

shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form of shellfish) with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are refer ...

** '' Archiocarabus bowerbanki'' ** ''Callianassa'' sp. **''

Homarus morrisi ''Homarus morrisi'' is a species of fossil lobster from the Eocene of southern England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies ...

'' **'' Hoploparia gammaroides'' **'' Linuparus eocenicus'' & ''L. scyllariformis'' **'' Scyllarides tuberculatus'' **'' Scyllaridia koenigi'' **'' Thenops scyllariformis'' *

Barnacle A barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters. Barnacles are exclusively marine, and tend to live in shallow and tidal waters, typically in eros ...

s **'' Arcoscapellum quadratum'' **'' Scalpellum minutum'' and ''S. quadratum'' *

Crab Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) ( el, βραχύς , translit=brachys = short, / = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. They live in all the ...

s **'' Basinotopus lamarckii'' ''Desmarest'' **'' Campylostoma mutatiforme'' **'' Cyclocorystes pulchellus'' **'' Dromilites bucklandi'' & ''D. lamarki'' **'' Glyphthyreus wetherelli'' **'' Goniochela angulata ''Desmarest **'' Harpactoxanthopsis'' cf. ''quadrilo'' **'' Mithracia libinioides'' **'' Oediosoma ambigua'' **'' Portunites incerta'' & ''P. stintoni'' **'' Xanthilites bowerbanki'' **'' Zanthopsis bispinosa'', ''Z. dufori'', ''Z. leachei'', ''Z. nodosa'' and ''Z. unispinosa'' *

Mantis shrimp Mantis shrimp, or stomatopods, are carnivorous marine crustaceans of the order Stomatopoda (). Stomatopods branched off from other members of the class Malacostraca around 340 million years ago. Mantis shrimp typically grow to around in lengt ...

** '' Squilla wetherelli''

Molluscs

Cephalopods

* ''

Aturia ''Aturia'' is an extinct genus of Paleocene to Miocene nautilids within Aturiidae, a monotypic family, established by Campman in 1857 for ''Aturia'' Bronn, 1838, and is included in the superfamily Nautilaceae in Kümmel 1964. ''Aturia'' is char ...

ziczac'', '' Cimomia imperialis'', '' Deltoidonautilus sowerbyi'', '' Euciphoceras regale'', '' Eutrephoceras urbanum'', '' Hercoglossa cassiniana'' and '' Simplicioceras centrale'' – nautiluses * ''

Belopterina Spirulida is an order of cephalopods comprising one extant species (''Spirula spirula'') and several extinct taxa. Fossil record * Oldest representative: Carboniferous, though contested: see ''Shimanskya'' * Oldest uncontested representative: ...

levesquei'', '' Belosepia blainvillei'' and ''B. sepioidea'' –

cuttlefish Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine molluscs of the order Sepiida. They belong to the class Cephalopoda which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses. Cuttlefish have a unique internal shell, the cuttlebone, which is used for control of ...

Bivalves

* '' Abra splendens'' –

Semelidae The Semelidae are a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Cardiida. Description Members of this family have rounded or oval, elongated shells, much flattened. The two valves are connected by an internal ligament in c ...

* ''

Amygdalum ''Amygdalum'' is a genus of saltwater mussels, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Mytilidae Mytilidae are a family of small to large marine and brackish-water bivalve molluscs in the order Mytilida. One of the genera, ''Limnoperna'', ev ...

depressum'' and '' Modiolus tubicola'' – Mytilidae Anomiidae * '' Anomia scabrosa'' – a

jingle shell Anomiidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs related to scallops and oysters, and known as anomiids. It contains seven genera. The family is known by several common names, including jingle shells, mermaid's toenails, an ...

* ''

Enigmonia ''Enigmonia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Anomiidae, the jingle shells. ''Enigmonia aenigmatica'', the mangrove jingle shell clam, is the only species in this monotypic genus. It is found living on mang ...

aenigmatica'' – a

* '' Arca nitens'', ''A. tumescens'' and ''

Glycymeris ''Glycymeris'', common name the bittersweet clams, is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Glycymerididae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Glycymeris da Costa, 1778. Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

wrigleyi'' –

ark clam Ark clam is the common name for a family of small to large-sized saltwater clams or marine bivalve molluscs in the family Arcidae. Ark clams vary both in shape and size. They number about 200 species worldwide. The shells of ark clams are of ...

s * '' Arctica planata'' –

Arcticidae The Arcticidae are a family of marine clams in the order Venerida. The only living species in the family is ''Arctica islandica''. There are also many fossil species classified in a number of genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank ...

* '' Astarte davisi'', ''A. filigera'' and ''A. rugata'' –

Astartidae Astartidae is a family of bivalves related in the order Carditida.Abbott, R.T. & Morris, P.A. ''A Field Guide to Shells: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies.'' New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. 40-42. Astartidae taxonomy *''Astarte'' ...

* '' Calpitaria sulcataria'' – a venus clam * ''

Corbula ''Corbula'' is a genus of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Corbulidae, the basket clams.Gofas, S. (2010). Corbula Bruguière, 1797. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca databas ...

globosa'' – Corbulidae * '' Cuspidaria inflata'' and ''C. lamallosa'' –

Cuspidariidae Cuspidariidae is a family of small marine bivalve molluscs in the superfamily Cuspidarioidea. Genera and species Genera and species in the family Cuspidariidae: * '' Austroneaera'' Powell, 1937 ** '' Austroneaera brevirostris'' Powell, 1937 ** ...

* ''

Nuculana ''Nuculana'' is a genus of bivalves in the family Nuculanidae. It includes the following species: Species * '' Nuculana acapulcensis'' (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932) * '' Nuculana acinacea'' Habe, 1958 * '' Nuculana acuta'' (Conrad, 1832) * ''Nuculana ...

amygdaloides'' and ''N. prisca'' – Nuculanidae * '' Lentipecten corneus'' and '' Pecten'' sp. –

scallop Scallop () is a common name that encompasses various species of marine bivalve mollusks in the taxonomic family Pectinidae, the scallops. However, the common name "scallop" is also sometimes applied to species in other closely related families ...

s * ''

Nemocardium ''Nemocardium'' is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Cardiidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the ...

nitens'' and ''N. semigranulatum'' – Cardiidae * '' Nucula consors'' – Nuculidae * '' Ostrea'' sp. – a true oysters * '' Pinna affinis'' – a

pen shell The Pinnidae are a taxonomic family of large saltwater clams sometimes known as pen shells. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pteriida. Shell description The shells of bivalves in this family are fragile and have a long and tria ...

* '' Pleurolectroma media'' and '' Pteria papyracea'' –

pearl oysters A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carb ...

* '' Pycnodonte gryphovicina'' –

Pycnodontidae Pycnodontidae is an extinct family of ray-finned fishes, ranging from the Triassic period until the Eocene. Genera * '' Acrotemnus'' Agassiz, 1843 * '' Anomoeodus'' Forir, 1887 * ''Athrodon'' Sauvage, 1880 * '' Callodus'' Thurmond, 1974 * ''Cocc ...

* '' Teredina personata'' and '' Teredo'' sp. – shipworms * ''

Thyasira ''Thyasira'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 ext ...

angulata '' –

Thyasiridae Thyasiridae is a family of bivalve molluscs, including the cleft clams, in the order Lucinida. Genera and species * '' Adontorhina'' S. S. Berry, 1947 ** '' Adontorhina cyclia'' S. S. Berry, 1947 ** '' Adontorhina keegani'' Barry & McCormack ...

* ''

goodhali'' –

* ''

Venericardia ''Venericardia'' is a widely distributed genus of marine bivalve molluscs, in the family Carditidae. It is the type genus of subfamily Venericardiinae. The closely related '' Purpurocardia'' was for long included here as a subgenus In biology ...

trinobantium'' –

Carditidae Carditidae is a family of marine bivalve clams of the order Carditida, which was long included in the Venerida. They are the type taxon of the superfamily Carditoidea. Carditidae is a neglected and poorly classified family. It has six sub ...

* ''

Verticordia :For the clam genus, see ''Verticordia'' (bivalve). ''Verticordia'' is a genus of more than 100 species of plants commonly known as featherflowers, in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. They range in form from very small shrubs such as '' V. vertico ...

sulcata'' – Verticordiidae

Gastropods

* '' Acrilla cymaea'', '' Foratiscala perforata'', '' Litoriniscala scalaroides'' and '' Undiscala primaeva'' – wentletraps * ''

Aporrhais ''Aporrhais'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Aporrhaidae and the superfamily Stromboidea.Eotibia lucida'' – true conchs * ''

Bathytoma ''Bathytoma'' is a genus of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae. Fossil records This genus is known in the fossil records from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ...

granata'', ''B. turbida'', ''

Clavatula ''Clavatula'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus, the shell is fusiform, with a well-produced spire. The whorls are coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture;. T ...

conica'', ''

Cochlespira ''Cochlespira'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cochlespiridae. Description The species in this genus are characterized by their elongated fusiform spire and a long siphonal canal. The whorls show on their edge ...

gyrata'', '' Conolithus concinnus'', '' Endiatoma cerithiformis'', '' Fusiturris selysi'', ''F. simillima'', ''F. wetherelli'', ''

Gemmula ''Gemmula'', common name the gem turrids, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turridae, the turrids. These snails have been recorded as fossils from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (from 66.043 to 0.012 Ma). Fossils ...

koninckii'', '' Hemipleurotoma fasciolata'', ''H. prestwichi'', '' Pseudotoma topleyi'', '' Surculites errans'', ''S. velatus'', '' Turricula crassa'', ''T. helix'', ''T. latimarginata'', ''T. nanodis'', ''T. symmetrica'' and ''T. teretrium'' – Conoidea * '' Bonellitia clathratum'' and ''B. laeviuscula'' – nutmeg shells * '' Bullinella'' sp., '' Crenilabium elongatum'', ?'' Roxiana'' sp., ''

Scaphander ''Scaphander'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.

?parisiensis'' and '' Tornatellaea simulata'' – opisthobranchs * '' Camptoceratops prisca'', '' Spiratella mercinensis'', ''S. taylori'' and ''S. tutelina'' – sea-butterflies * '' Cassis striata'' and '' Mambrina gallica'' – tun shells * '' Cepatia cepacea'', '' Daphnobela juncea'', ''

Litiopa ''Litiopa'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Litiopidae. Species Species within the genus ''Litiopa'' include: * ''Litiopa melanostoma'' (Rang, 1829) * ''Litiopa nipponica'' Kuroda & Kawamoto, 1956 * ''Litio ...

sulculosa'', '' Orthochetus elongatus'' and '' Stellaxis pulcher'' – '' incertae sedis'' * '' Eocypraea oviformis'' – a cowrie * ''

Euspira ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family (biology), family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: Worl ...

glaucinoides'' and ''

Sinum ''Sinum'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sininae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Most naticids have shells that are globular, but the shell of species in the genus ''Sinum'' is flattene ...

clathratum'' – moon snails * '' Falsifusus londini'', ''

Fusinus ''Fusinus'' is a genus of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails and tulip snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Reg ...

coniferus'', ''F. wetherelli'', '' Pseudoneptunea curta'', '' Siphonalia highgatensis'', '' Streptolathyrus triliniatus'', ''S. zonulatus'', '' Wrigleya complanata'' and ''W. transversaria'' – true whelks * ''

Ficopsis ''Ficopsis'' is an extinct genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ficidae, the fig snails. This species lived from the Paleocene to the Miocene in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. References ...

multiformis'' – a fig shell * '' Lacunella'' sp. – a periwinkle * '' Mathilda sororcula'' –

Mathildidae Mathildidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Mathildoidea of the informal group of the Lower Heterobranchia.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Mathildidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...

* '' Murex subcristatus'' and '' Paziella argillacea'' – murex snails * '' Pachysyrnola'' sp. and '' Turbonilla subterranea'' – pyramid shells * '' Patella'' sp. – Patellidae * '' Ptychatractus'' aff. ''interuptus'', ''

Scaphella ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...

wetherelli'' and '' Volutospina nodosa'' – volutes * ''Rilla'' cf. ''tenuistriata'' –

Streptaxidae Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi. Stre ...

* '' Ringicula turgida'' – Ringiculidae * '' Sassia morrisi'' – a triton shell * ''

Sigapatella ''Sigapatella'' is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails, Chinese hat snails, and cup-and-saucer snails.WoRMS (2010). Sigapatella Lesson, 1831. Accessed through: Wo ...

'' sp. –

Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141 o ...

* '' Tornus'' sp. and '' Turboella'' cf. ''misera'' –

Rissoidae Rissoidae is a large family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea and the order Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting pr ...

* ''

Xenophora ''Xenophora'', commonly called carrier shells, is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Xenophoridae, the carrier snails or carrier shells. WoRMS (2012). Xenophora. Accessed through: World Regist ...

extensum'' – a

carrier shell Xenophoridae, commonly called carrier shells, is a family of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Xenoph ...

Tusk shells

* ''

Antalis ''Antalis'' is a genus of tusk shells, marine scaphopod mollusks. Species Species within the genus ''Antalis'' include: * '' Antalis agilis'' (M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872) * '' Antalis albatrossae'' Scarabino, 2008 * '' Antalis alis'' Scarabino ...

anceps'' and ''A. nitens''

Echinoderms

OphiuraWetherelli-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08

* '' Asteropecten crispatus'', '' Coulonia colei'', '' Hemiaster bowerbanki'', ''

Hippasteria ''Hippasteria'' is one of 70 genera of sea star in the diverse family Goniasteridae. Description and characteristics These sea stars are regular, five-armed starfishes, with a large and flattened central disc. Most of the species in this gen ...

tuberculata'', '' Ophioglypha wetherelli'' and '' Teichaster stokesii'' –

* ''

Coelopleurus ''Coelopleurus'' is an extant genus of echinoids with fossil records dating back to the Eocene, with remains found in Europe and North America. Characteristics These abyssal sea urchins are characterized by their surprisingly bright color pat ...

wetherelli'', ''

Micraster ''Micraster'' is an extinct genus of echinoids from the Late Cretaceous to the early Eocene. Its remains have been found in Africa, Antarctica, Europe, and North America. Micraster was an infaunal echinoid living in a burrow below the sediment s ...

'' sp. and ''

Schizaster ''Schizaster'' is a genus of heart urchins belonging to the family Schizasteridae. The type species of the genus is ''Schizaster studeri''. Species Extant and extinct species within this genus include: * '' Schizaster alcaldei'' Sánchez Roig, ...

'' sp. –

sea urchin Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells (tests) of ...

s * '' Democrinus londinensis'' – crinoid * ?'' Ophiacantha'' sp., '' Ophioglypha wetherelli'', ''

Ophiomusium ''Ophiomusium'' is a genus of brittle stars. Species Species: *'' Ophiomusium biconcavum'' *'' Ophiomusium calathospongum'' *'' Ophiomusium dizluense'' *'' Ophiomusium eburneum'' *'' Ophiomusium fitchii'' *'' Ophiomusium granulosum'' *'' ...

'' sp. and '' Ophiura wetherelli'' – brittlestars

Annelids

* ''

Rotularia ''Rotularia'' is an extinct genus of planispirally coiled fossil polychaete worms in the family Serpulidae. Owing to the gastropod-like shape of ''Rotularia'', many authors in the past interpreted this genus as being sea snails in the family ...

bognoriensis'' * '' Serpula trilineata''

Cnidarians

* '' Paracyathus brevis'' and ''P. caryophyllus'' – corals * '' Graphularia wetherelli'' – hydrozoan

Other invertebrates

* '' Adenellopsis wetherelli'', '' Aimulosia'' sp., '' Batopora clithridiata'', '' Beisselina'' sp., '' Cribrilina'' sp., '' Didymosella'' sp., '' Dittosaria wetherelli'', ''

Entalophora ''Entalophora'' is a genus of bryozoans belonging to the family Entalophoridae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the wo ...

'' sp., '' Idmonia'' sp., '' Lunulites'' sp., '' Nellia'' sp., '' Pachythecella incisa'', '' Vibracellina'' sp. and '' Websteria crissioides'' – bryozoans *

Hemiptera Hemiptera (; ) is an order (biology), order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, Reduviidae, assassin bugs, Cimex, bed bugs, and shield bugs. ...

gen. et sp. indet. – true bug * ''

Lingula Lingula is Latin for "little tongue". It can stand for: * ''Lingula'' (brachiopod), a brachiopod genus of the family Lingulidae, which is among the few brachiopods surviving today but also known from fossils over 500 million years old * Lingala la ...

tenuis'', '' Terebratulina striatula'' and ''T. wardenensis'' – lampshells * '' Stelleta'' sp. – sponge

Ichnofossils

* '' Ditrupa plana'' – polychaete worm tubes? * '' Scolithos''

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fossil species in the London Clay London-related lists Paleogene United Kingdom Paleogene life Paleogene plants Lists of prehistoric animals London Clay species