|
Pinnidae
The Pinnidae are a taxonomic family of large saltwater clams sometimes known as pen shells. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pteriida. Shell description The shells of bivalves in this family are fragile and have a long and triangular shape, and in life the pointed end is anchored in sediment using a byssus. The shells have a thin but highly iridescent inner layer of nacre in the part of the shell near the umbos (the pointed end). The family Pinnidae includes the fan shell, '' Atrina fragilis'', and '' Pinna nobilis'', the source of sea silk. Some species are also fished for their food value. Human use As RosewaterRosewater, Joseph. (1961). “The Family Pinnidae in the Indo-Pacific.” ''Indo-Pacific Mollusca'', vol. 1, no. 4. September 28, 1961, pp. 175-176. commented in 1961: "“The Pinnidae have considerable economic importance in many parts of the world. They produce pearls of moderate value. In the Mediterranean area, material made from the holdfast or b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinna (bivalve)
''Pinna'' is a genus of bivalve molluscs belonging to the family Pinnidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pinna Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138352 on 2022-01-16 The type species of the genus is '' Pinna rudis''. The most completely studied species in the genus is '' P. nobilis'', a Mediterranean pen shell which was historically important as the principal source of sea silk. Description These pen shells can reach a length of about . They are characterized by thin, elongated, wedge-shaped, and almost triangular shells with long, toothless edges. The surface of the shells shows radial ribs over their entire length. ''Pinna'' is distinguished from its sibling genus ''Atrina'' by the presence of a sulcus dividing the nacreous region of the valves, and the positioning of the adductor scar on the dorsal side of shells. These bivalves most commonly lie point-first on the sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinnidae
The Pinnidae are a taxonomic family of large saltwater clams sometimes known as pen shells. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pteriida. Shell description The shells of bivalves in this family are fragile and have a long and triangular shape, and in life the pointed end is anchored in sediment using a byssus. The shells have a thin but highly iridescent inner layer of nacre in the part of the shell near the umbos (the pointed end). The family Pinnidae includes the fan shell, '' Atrina fragilis'', and '' Pinna nobilis'', the source of sea silk. Some species are also fished for their food value. Human use As RosewaterRosewater, Joseph. (1961). “The Family Pinnidae in the Indo-Pacific.” ''Indo-Pacific Mollusca'', vol. 1, no. 4. September 28, 1961, pp. 175-176. commented in 1961: "“The Pinnidae have considerable economic importance in many parts of the world. They produce pearls of moderate value. In the Mediterranean area, material made from the holdfast or b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atrina Fragilis
''Atrina fragilis'', the fan mussel, is a species of large saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pinnidae, the pen shells. The fan mussel, ''Atrina fragilis'' is one of the largest (30 to 48 cm long) and rarest bivalve molluscs occurring in northern European waters and the only member of the family Pinnidae to inhabit UK waters. It is one of the largest (30 to 48 cm long) European bivalve molluscs. It is one of the rarest species of marine mollusc in the United Kingdom - so rare that surveys of nearly 9,000 sites around Britain between 1987 and 1998 found none. The fan mussel has a larval stage that is very difficult to identify due to the rarity of the specimen. ''Atrina fragilis'' is greatly affected by the industrialization of the fishing industry and it has impacted the distribution of the rare species. Description The shell of the fan mussel tapers to a point at the umbos, and is very brittle. It is yellowish to dark brown with blackish patches. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atrina
''Atrina'' is a cosmopolitan genus of bivalve molluscs belonging to the family Pinnidae. A typical species is '' A. fragilis'', found in British waters. '' A. rigida'' (Lightfoot, 1786) is found on the southeast coast of North America and in the West Indies. The type species is ''A. nigra'' ( Dillwyn, 1817, originally ''P. nigra''). ''Atrina'' is considered to represent the more primitive form within the Pinnidae; however, both genera '' Pinna'' and ''Atrina'' are very ancient. The genus ''Atrina'' is represented within the fossil record from the Triassic period to the Quaternary period (age range: 242.0 to 0.0 million years ago). These fossils have been found all over the world. Description Molluscs within this genus are characterized by elongated, wedge-shaped shells, distinguished from the genus '' Pinna'' by the lack of any grooves in the nacreous lining of the shell, and by the central positioning of the adductor scar. As with other pen shells (Pinnidae) they commonly sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinna Nobilis
''Pinna nobilis'', common name the noble pen shell or fan mussel, is a large species of Mediterranean clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pinnidae, the pen shells. *''Pinna gigas'' Chemnitz It reaches up to of shell length.Zavodnik, D., Hrs-Brenko, M., & Legac, M. (1991). Synopsis of the fan shell ''P. nobilis'' L. in the eastern Adriatic sea. In the C. F. Boudouresque, M. Avon, & V. Gravez (Eds.), ''Les Especes Marines a Proteger en Mediterranee'' (pp. 169–178). Marseille, France: GIS Posidonie publ. It produces a rare manganese-containing porphyrin protein known as pinnaglobin. Description The bivalve shell is usually long, but can reach . Its shape differs depending on the region it inhabits. Like all pen shells, it is relatively fragile to pollution and shell damage. It attaches itself to rocks using a strong byssus composed of many silk-like threads which used to be made into cloth. The animal secretes these fibres from its byssus gland; they consist o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byssus
A byssus () is a bundle of filaments secreted by many species of bivalve mollusc that function to attach the mollusc to a solid surface. Species from several families of clams have a byssus, including pen shells (Pinnidae), true mussels (Mytilidae), and Dreissenidae. Filaments Byssus filaments are created by certain kinds of marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks, which use the byssus to attach themselves to rocks, substrates, or seabeds. In edible mussels, the inedible byssus is commonly known as the "beard", and is removed before cooking. Many species of mussels secrete byssus threads to anchor themselves to surfaces, with families including the Arcidae, Mytilidae, Anomiidae, Pinnidae, Pectinidae, Dreissenidae, and Unionidae. Mechanics The byssus, or byssal complex, is composed of multiple extracellular collagenous threads that are placed radially by the mussel from a central stem. Each thread is composed of three regions: a corrugated proximal region close to the mussel b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteriida
The Pteriida are an order of large and medium-sized marine bivalve mollusks. It includes five families, among them the Pteriidae (pearl oysters and winged oysters). 2010 taxonomy In 2010, a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published by Bieler, Carter & Coan, revising the classification of the Bivalvia, including the suborder Pteriida. *Superfamily Ambonychioidea **Family †Alatoconchidae **Family † Ambonychiidae **Family † Lunulacardiidae **Family † Monopteriidae **Family † Myalinidae **Family † Mysidiellidae **Family † Ramonalinidae *Superfamily Pinnoidea **Family Pinnidae *Superfamily † Posidonioidea Neumayr, 1891 **Family † Posidoniidae Neumayr, 1891 (Devonian to Cretaceous) **Family † Aulacomyellidae Ichikawa, 1958 **Family † Daonellidae Neumayr, 1891 **Family † Halobiidae Kittl, 1912 (Devonian to Triassic) *Superfamily Pterioidea **Family †Bakevelliidae (Triassic to Eocene) **Family †Cassianellidae (Middle to Late Tria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Silk
Sea silk is an extremely fine, rare, and valuable fabric that is made from the long silky filaments or byssus secreted by a gland in the foot of pen shells (in particular ''Pinna nobilis''). The byssus is used by the clam to attach itself to the sea bed. Sea silk was produced in the Mediterranean region from the large marine bivalve mollusc ''Pinna nobilis'' until early in the 20th century. The animal, whose shell is sometimes almost a metre long, adheres itself pointed end down to rocks in the intertidal zone using a tuft of very strong thin fibres. These byssi or filaments (which can be six centimetres long) are spun and, when treated with lemon juice, turn a golden colour, which never fades. The cloth produced from these filaments can be woven even more finely than silk, and is extremely light and warm; it was said that a pair of women's gloves made from the fabric could fit into half a walnut shell and a pair of stockings in a snuffbox.In ''Spirals in Time,'' Scales p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of '' Species Plantarum''. Starting point Before 1758, most biological catalogues had used polynomial names for the taxa included, including earlier editions of ''Systema Naturae''. The first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature across the animal kingdom was the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature therefore chose 1 January 1758 as the "starting point" for zoological nomenclature, and asserted that the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' was to be treated as if published on that date. Names published before that date are unavailable, even if they would otherwise satisfy the rules. The only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptopinna
''Streptopinna'' is an Indo-Pacific genus of bivalve mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...s characterized by a roughly triangular outline. There is only one species ''Streptopinna saccata''. Pinnidae Taxa named by Eduard von Martens Bivalve genera Monotypic mollusc genera {{Bivalve-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nacre
Nacre ( , ), also known as mother of pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer; it is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some of the most ancient lineages of bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. However, the inner layer in the great majority of mollusc shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, and this usually results in a non-iridescent shine, or more rarely in non-nacreous iridescence such as ''flame structure'' as is found in conch pearls. The outer layer of cultured pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Other mollusc families that have a nacreous inner shell layer include marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Physical characteristics Structure and appearance Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
