This is a list of European

automobile A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with Wheel, wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, pe ...

manufacturers by country. It is a subset of the

list of automobile manufacturers This is a list of notable automobile manufacturers with articles on Wikipedia by country. It includes companies that are in business as well as defunct manufacturers. Only companies that have articles here are included. A Algeria * SNVI ...

for manufacturers based in European countries. It includes companies that are in business as well as defunct manufacturers.

International European brands

* Anglo-French *

Intrall Intrall, or International Truck Alliance, is a Russo-British automotive company with headquarters in London, England, and manufacturing in Poland. At the end of 2003, the company acquired from Intrall Treasury factory of Daewoo Motor Poland in L ...

Magomobil MÁG stands for "Magyar Általános Gépgyár Rt" (Hungarian General Engine Works Company Limited). It was the most prevalent Hungarian vehicle manufacturer before World War II, and was based in Budapest. Its roots date back to 1901, when ''Podvi ...

– Austro-Hungarian

Armenia

ErAZ ErAZ or Yerevanskiy Avtomobilny Zavod ( hy, ԵրԱԶ or Երևանի ավտոմոբիլային գործարան, russian: ЕрАЗ or Ереванский Автомобильный Завод, , Yerevan Automobile Plant), was an Armenian automo ...

Austria

Austro-Daimler Austro-Daimler was an Austro-Hungarian automaker company, from 1899 until 1934. It was a subsidiary of the German ''Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft'' (DMG) until 1909. Early history In 1890, Eduard Bierenz was appointed as Austrian retailer. The com ...

* Austro-Tatra * Custoca (also known as Custoka) * Denzel * Eurostar Automobilwerk * Felber Autoroller * Gräf & Stift *

Grofri Grofri was a brand of cars manufactured in Austria from 1921 to 1931 (1924 to 1927 under licence from the French Amilcar). SV 903 cc or 1074 cc four-cylinder engines were used in these sporting cyclecars. Racing versions were also mad ...

KTM KTM AG (Kraftfahrzeug Trunkenpolz Mattighofen, formerly KTM Sportmotorcycle AG) is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and sports car manufacturer owned by Pierer Mobility AG and the Indian manufacturer Bajaj Auto. It was formed in 1992 but traces ...

* Libelle *

Lohner–Porsche The Lohner–Porsche Mixed Hybrid (sometimes incorrectly referred to as ''Löhner–Porsche'') was the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle. It was developed by Ferdinand Porsche at Lohner-Werke. The first prototypes were two-wheel drive, b ...

(1900–1905) * Magna Steyr *

Möve 101 The Möve 101 was a microcar with egg-shaped coupé bodywork based on a Felber Autoroller chassis. Ten cars were built in Vienna by a specialist coachbuilding company Hofmann & Moldrich in 1953. Though the fully enclosed bodywork made from 0.8& ...

ÖAF ÖAF is an initialism for Österreichische Automobil-Fabrik (literally ''Austrian automobile factory''), previously known as Österreichische Austro-Fiat, an Austrian (Austro-Hungarian) car and truck manufacturer that now is completely incorporat ...

* Puch, Steyr automobile,

Steyr Motors GmbH Steyr Motors () is an Austrian manufacturer of Diesel-engines based in Steyr, Upper-Austria. History Steyr Motors originated in the diesel engine division of the earlier Steyr-Daimler-Puch group. In 2001, it became an independent company thro ...

and

Steyr-Daimler-Puch Steyr-Daimler-Puch () was a large manufacturing conglomerate based in Steyr, Austria, which was broken up in stages between 1987 and 2001. The component parts and operations continued to exist under separate ownership and new names. History T ...

Rosenbauer The Rosenbauer Group is one of the world’s three largest manufacturers of fire-service vehicles and firefighting equipment, based in Leonding, Austria. Rosenbauer supplies the fire fighting sector in over 100 countries with a wide range of cus ...

* Tushek&Spigel Supercars

Azerbaijan

*Azermash * AzSamand *AzUniversal Motors *BakAZ * Ganja Auto Plant *Khazar * Nakhchivan Automobile Plant

Belarus

* Amkodor * BelAZ *

Belkommunmash OJSC "Holding Management Company "Belkommunmash" ( be, ААТ "Кіруючая кампанія холдынгу «Белкамунмаш», Belkamunmash), is a Belarusian manufacturer of electric public transport vehicles. The enterprise was bas ...

* GomSelMash * GZLIN * Lidagroprommash * Minsk Automobile Plant * MoAZ * MTZ * MZKT *

Neman The Neman, Nioman, Nemunas or MemelTo bankside nations of the present: Lithuanian: be, Нёман, , ; russian: Неман, ''Neman''; past: ger, Memel (where touching Prussia only, otherwise Nieman); lv, Nemuna; et, Neemen; pl, Niemen; ...

* Unison

Belgium

* ADK (1922-1930) *

Alatac The Alatac was an automobile built by Automobiles Catala of Braine-le-Comte, Belgium, from 1913 to 1914. The company had its HQ in the Rue Ten Bosch in Brussels and its manufacturing plants in Braine le Comte. Production ended in 1914 with the ...

(1913-1914) * ALP (1920) *

Antoine Antoine is a French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, West Greenland, Haiti, French Guiana ...

(1900-1903) *

Apal Apal is a small-scale automobile company originally from Belgium. Phase 1 -APAL - s.à.r.l. Application Polyester Armé de Liège (1961–1998) Glass-fibre specialist ''Edmond Pery'' founded this small automobile manufacturing company in Ble ...

(1964-1998) *

Astra Astra may refer to: People * Astra (name) Places * Astra, Chubut, a village in Argentina * Astra (Isauria), a town of ancient Isauria, now in Turkey * Astra, one suggested name for a hypothetical fifth planet that became the asteroid belt Ent ...

(1930) *

Auto-Mixte Auto-Mixte built cars between 1906 and 1912 using a hybrid-technology under license from Pieper, after Henri Pieper died. From 1912 to 1914 the cars were made as Pescatore, named after the owner. The outbreak of World War I marked the end of the c ...

(1906-1912) * Belga Rise (1928-1937) *

De Wandre The De Wandre was a Belgian automobile manufactured around 1923. Called "the elegant spider", it was a wire-wheeled sports car using the chassis and running gear of the Model T Ford The Ford Model T is an automobile that was produced by Ford ...

(c. 1923) *

Delecroix The Delecroix was a Belgian automobile. First built in 1897, but commercialised in 1898, it was a light car with a rear-mounted engine and a suspension-less tubular frame. In 1899, the company started building a model with places for carrying four ...

(1899) * Edran * Exelsior (1903-1930) * Flaid (1920-1921) * FN (1899–1939) * Gillet *

Impéria Impéria Automobiles was a Belgium, Belgian manufacturer of automobiles, active between 1906 and 1948. Its factory in Nessonvaux, Liège (province), Liège had a rooftop test track since 1928. History Impéria was a Belgium, Belgian automo ...

Jeecy-Vea The Jeecy-Vea was a Belgian automobile manufactured from 1925 until 1926 by a company more famous for its motor cycles. A limited-production light car, it was manufactured by a motorcycle factory in Brussels, and featured a 750 cc Coventry-C ...

(1925-1926) *

Juwel The Juwel was a Belgian automobile manufactured from 1923 until 1927 in Waremme by Société des Automobiles Juwel. Initial plans called for a mass-produced 1100 cc four cylinder tourer and two models were shown at the 1922 Brussels Motor ...

(1923-1928) * Meeussen (1955-1972) *

Métallurgique Métallurgique were cars made by ''Société Anonyme L'Auto Métallurgique'', Marchienne-au-Pont, Belgium, between 1898 and 1928. Before making cars, the company had made railway locomotives and rolling stock. Production The first cars were ...

(1898–1928) *

Minerva Minerva (; ett, Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. Minerva is not a patron of violence such as Mars, but of strategic war. From the second century BC onward, the Roma ...

(1902-1939) * Nagant (1859-1931) * Pieper (1899–1912) * Pipe (1898–1914) *

Springuel The Springuel was a Belgian automobile manufactured from 1907 until 1912. The company called Societe Anonyme Automobiles des Springuel was founded by Jules Springuel-Wilmotte in Huy Huy ( or ; nl, Hoei, ; wa, Hu) is a city and municipality of Wa ...

(1907-1914) * Van Hool * Vivinus (1899–1914)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Tvornica Automobila Sarajevo (TAS)

Bulgaria

* Balcancar record *Balkan *BG Car * Bulgarrenault (1966-1970) *

Bulgaralpine Bulgaralpine was a sports automobile produced in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and the result of a collaboration between Alpine (a French automobile firm) and ETO ''Bulet'' (a Bulgarian export trade organisation). Production lasted for three years (1967– ...

(1966-1970) * Chavdar *Kenta *KTA Madara *

Litex Motors Litex Motors is an automobile manufacturing company based in Sofia, Bulgaria, and the official partner of Great Wall Motors in Bulgaria. It assembles vehicles of the Chinese manufacturer at the jointly developed facility located in Bahovitsa, ne ...

(2008-2017) *

Moskvitch Aleko The Moskvitch-2141, also known under the trade name Aleko ( Russian: "АЛЕКО", derivative from the name of the automaker "Автомобильный завод имени Ленинского Комсомола", ''Avtomobilny zavod imeni Len ...

(1966-1990) *

Pirin-Fiat Pirin-Fiat was the trademark of several passenger automobiles produced in Lovech, Bulgaria, and the result of a collaboration between Fiat (an Italian automobile firm) and SPC Balkankar (a Bulgarian state production cooperative). Production lasted ...

(1967-1971) *Preslav *

SIN In a religious context, sin is a transgression against divine law. Each culture has its own interpretation of what it means to commit a sin. While sins are generally considered actions, any thought, word, or act considered immoral, selfish, s ...

Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...

Croatia

DOK-ING DOK-ING d.o.o. is a Croatian company which manufactures electric vehicles, unmanned multi-purpose vehicles and robotic systems, established in 1992. History The electric motors for their vehicles are largely supplied by the Pula-based company T ...

* Đuro Đaković * Rimac *

TAZ Taz or TAZ may refer to: Geography *Taz (river), a river in western Siberia, Russia *Taz Estuary, the estuary of the river Taz in Russia People * Taz people, an ethnic group in Russia ** Taz language, a form of Northeastern Mandarin spoken by ...

* Tomo Vinković

Cyprus

* KMC * Andys Motors

Czech Republic

Active brands

Avia Avia Motors s.r.o. is a Czech automotive manufacturer. It was founded in 1919 as an aircraft maker, and diversified into trucks after 1945. As an aircraft maker it was notable for producing biplane fighter aircraft, especially the B-534. Avia ...

(1919–present) * Gordon (1997–present) * Jawa (1929–present) * Kaipan (1997–present) *

Hyundai Hyundai is a South Korean industrial conglomerate ("chaebol"), which was restructured into the following groups: * Hyundai Group, parts of the former conglomerate which have not been divested ** Hyundai Mobis, Korean car parts company ** Hyundai ...

Czech (2008–present) * Karosa (1896–present (since 2007 IVECO BUS)) * MTX / Metalex (1969–present) *

Praga Praga is a district of Warsaw, Poland. It is on the east bank of the river Vistula. First mentioned in 1432, until 1791 it formed a separate town with its own city charter. History The historical Praga was a small settlement located at ...

(1907–present) *

Škoda Škoda means ''pity'' in the Czech and Slovak languages. It may also refer to: Czech brands and enterprises * Škoda Auto, automobile and previously bicycle manufacturer in Mladá Boleslav ** Škoda Motorsport, the division of Škoda Auto respons ...

(1895–present) *

SOR Libchavy SOR Libchavy (Sdružení Opravárenství a Rozvoje) is a Czech manufacturer of buses for urban, intercity and tourist traffic and trolleybuses. It was established in Libchavy in 1991. History Until 1990, the company produced and repaired agricul ...

(1991–present) * Tatra (1850–present) *

TEDOM TEDOM a.s is a Czech engineering company which was established by Ing. Josef Jeleček in Třebíč in 1991.TEDOM is an abbreviation of the Czech words TEplo DOMova he warmth of home The primary scope of business of the company is the developm ...

(1991–present) * TPCA (Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech) (2002–present) *

Zetor Zetor (since January 1, 2007, officially Zetor Tractors a.s.) is a Czech agricultural machinery manufacturer. It was founded in 1946. The company is based in Brno, Czech Republic. Since June 29, 2002, the only shareholder has been a Slovak com ...

(1946–present) * Sigma motor (2017-present)

Former brands

Aero Aero is a Greek prefix relating to flight and air. In British English, it is used as an adjective related to flight (e.g., as a shortened substitute for aeroplane). Aero, Ærø, or Aeros may refer to: Aeronautics Airlines and companies * Aero (P ...

(1929-1947) *

LIAZ LiAZ () is a bus manufacturing company located in Likino-Dulyovo, Russia. It is now a wholly owned subsidiary of GAZ. Specializes in designing and manufacturing buses large and extra large class (length 10.5 m and +). Starting in 2015, th ...

(1951-2002) *

Velorex Velorex was a manufacturing cooperative in Solnice, Czechoslovakia. Notable products included a small three-wheeled car, produced from the 1950s until 1971, and the Type 562 sidecar. The sidecar is still manufactured in the Czech Republic by Vel ...

(1951-1971) *

Walter Walter may refer to: People * Walter (name), both a surname and a given name * Little Walter, American blues harmonica player Marion Walter Jacobs (1930–1968) * Gunther (wrestler), Austrian professional wrestler and trainer Walter Hahn (born 19 ...

(1909-1954) *RAF (Reichenberger Automobil Fabrik) (1907-1954) *

Wikov Wichterle & Kovářik was a Czechoslovakian machinery manufacturer based in Prostějov. They produced cars and trucks from 1925 to 1937. Development František Wichterle founded a small factory in Prostějov, 1878 where he built agricultural veh ...

(1925–37) *

Zbrojovka Brno Pre-war Československá zbrojovka, akc.spol. (or a.s.) (Czechoslovak Armory)and post-war Zbrojovka Brno, n.p.(Brno Armory) was a maker of small arms, light artillery, and motor vehicles in Brno, Czechoslovakia. It also made other products and ...

(1923–36) * Rösler & Jauernig (1896-1908) * Aspa (1924–25) *Gatter (1926–37) *

Gnom gnom (gnome) was a Norwegian folk music band, the third band started by Janove Ottesen and Geir Zahl. Despite being relatively obsolete on the Norwegian musical scene, it is an important part of the creation of Kaizers Orchestra. History ...

(1921–24) * Hakar *

ISIS Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingd ...

(1922–24) * KAN (1911–14) *

Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of governm ...

(1913–14) * Sibrava (1921–29) *

Start Start can refer to multiple topics: *Takeoff, the phase of flight where an aircraft transitions from moving along the ground to flying through the air * Starting lineup in sports *Standing start, and rolling start, in an auto race Acronyms *St ...

(1921–31) * Stelka (1920-1922) * Hoffmann & Novague (2014-2020)

Denmark

* Alfgang (1912-1914) *

Anglo-Dane The Anglo-Dane was a Danish automobile manufactured by H. C. Fredriksen of Copenhagen from 1902 to 1917. Fredriksen began by building bicycles in the 1890s; for these, he used British parts - hence the hyphenated name. The first cars were light ...

(1902-1917) * Brems (1900-1904) *

Bukh & Gry The Bukh & Gry was a Danish automobile manufactured in 1904. Its creators, Jens Bukh and John Gry, had both worked in the American automotive industry; together they built only one car, manufactured at Horve and shown at the Tivoli Gardens in Cop ...

(1904-1905) * Dana (c. 1908-1914) *

Danish Automobile Building Danish Automobile Building (DAB) (Danish: Dansk Automobil Byggeri A/S) was a Danish bus manufacturer based in Silkeborg. It was in existence from 1912 until 2002. DAB was founded in 1912 in Silkeborg by a Mr. J.W.Darr, a German. Starting as a tr ...

* Dansk (1901-1908) * DK (1950) * Ellemobil (1909-1913) *

Gideon Gideon (; ) also named Jerubbaal and Jerubbesheth, was a military leader, judge and prophet whose calling and victory over the Midianites are recounted in of the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible. Gideon was the son of Joash, from the Abiez ...

(1913-1920) *

Hammel Hammel is a town in central Denmark with a population of 6,854 (1 January 2022),Houlberg (c. 1913-1921) * Hydrema *

Kewet Kewet was the brand name of a battery electric vehicle. Since 2007, it has been manufactured under the name Buddy by Elbil Norge in Oslo, Norway. From inception in 1991 through October 2013, total combined sales of the Kewet and Buddy totaled ...

* Thrige (1911-1918) * Zenvo

Estonia

* ESTfield * Tartu Autode Remondi Katsetehas (TARK, Tartu Cars' Repair Testing Factory) * RexeR

Finland

* Elcat * Electric Raceabout (prototype, not in production) * Finlandia (1922–1924) * Korvensuu (1912–1913) * Sisu Auto * Toroidion (prototype, not yet in production) * Valmet Automotive * Vanaja (1943–1968) *

Valtra Valtra is an agricultural machinery manufacturer based in Äänekoski, Finland. Valtra's products include tractors, combine harvesters, sugar cane harvesters, self-propelled sprayers and seed drills. Valtra has been part of the American AGCO Cor ...

* Veemax (racecar, 1960s - 1978) * Wiima

France

Germany

Greece

Alta Alta or ALTA may refer to: Acronyms * Alt-A, short for Alternative A-paper, is a type of U.S. mortgage * American Land Title Association, a national trade association representing the land title industry * American Literary Translators Associatio ...

(1968-1978) *

Attica Attica ( el, Αττική, Ancient Greek ''Attikḗ'' or , or ), or the Attic Peninsula, is a historical region that encompasses the city of Athens, the capital of Greece and its countryside. It is a peninsula projecting into the Aegean Se ...

(1958-1972) * Autokinitoviomihania Ellados (1975-1984) * Automeccanica (1980-1995) * Balkania (1975-1995) *

BET Black Entertainment Television (acronym BET) is an American basic cable channel targeting African-American audiences. It is owned by the CBS Entertainment Group unit of Paramount Global via BET Networks and has offices in New York City, Los A ...

(1965-1975) *

Biamax BIAMAX ''(Proper Greek pronunciation Viamax)'' was a Greek vehicle manufacturer. In the late 70's it was one of the biggest Greek companies, operating three factories (in Athens, where its headquarters were located, Thessaloniki and Larissa) ...

BIOMAN is Toei Company's eighth installment in the Super Sentai metaseries. Its 51 episodes aired on TV Asahi from February 4, 1984 to January 26, 1985, replacing ''Kagaku Sentai Dynaman'' and was replaced by ''Dengeki Sentai Changeman'' with a movie b ...

BIOMOT Biomot (its badge was only in Greek, the brand spelled " grc-x-medieval, Βιομότ") was a small manufacturer of three-wheeled trucks and other metal products, based in Patras, Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Helleni ...

* Bouhagier Patras * C.AR (1970-1992) * Diana *

DIM Dim may refer to: * Dim, a rhinoceros beetle in the 1998 Disney/Pixar animated film ''A Bug's Life'' * ''Dim'' (album), the fourth studio album by Japanese rock band The Gazette * Dim, Amur Oblast, a rural locality in Amur Oblast, Russia * Dim, ...

(1977-1982) *

ELBO Elbo was, according to Herodotus' '' Histories'', a man-made island of ash and earth where the blind Egyptian king Anysis lived during his 50 years of exile while the Ethiopian king Sabacos ruled Egypt. Supposedly, the island was built up because ...

* Grezda (1969-1985) *

Hercules Hercules (, ) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Romans adapted the Gr ...

(1980-1983) * Korres *

MEBEA MEBEA was an important Greece, Greek vehicle manufacturer, producer of light trucks, passenger automobiles, motorcycles, motorbike engines, agricultural machinery and bicycles. Activities MEBEA was founded in Athens in 1960 by the merger of tw ...

(1960-1983) *

Motoemil Motoemil was a Greek truck manufacturer based in Thessaloniki (now producing trailers under the name Emilios Trailers). It was named after Emilios Antoniades who started his business, together with his brother Konstantinos, by constructing crude- ...

NAMCO was a Japanese multinational corporation, multinational video game and entertainment company, headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo. It held several international branches, including Namco America in Santa Clara, California, Namco Europe in London, Na ...

Neorion Neorion is one of the oldest Greece, Greek heavy industries, located in Ermoupolis, on the Greek island of Syros. Today, it is one of the few remaining major industrial corporations in what used to be the industrial and commercial center of Gree ...

(1974-1975) *

Pan-Car Pan-Car was a Greek producer of automobiles and light trucks, operating between 1968 and 1994. As was often the case in Greece, its name comes from that of its founder, Panayiotis Caravisopoulos. In 1968 it was one of many Greek companies that pro ...

(1968-1994) * Replicar Hellas *

SAM Sam, SAM or variants may refer to: Places * Sam, Benin * Sam, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso * Sam, Bourzanga, Burkina Faso * Sam, Kongoussi, Burkina Faso * Sam, Iran * Sam, Teton County, Idaho, United States, a populated place People and fictional ...

* Saracakis *

Scavas Scavas is the name of sports cars designed by Greek engineer Vassilios Scavas that were never industrially produced. After gaining experience from working at Biamax BIAMAX ''(Proper Greek pronunciation Viamax)'' was a Greek vehicle manu ...

(1973-1992) * Sfakianakis *

Styl Kar STYL KAR (its logo written in Greek as ΣΤΥΛ ΚΑΡ) was named after its founder, the engineer Stylianos Karakatsanis. Its entire history is representative of many Greek companies who were engaged in the construction of simple utility vehicle ...

(1970) * Sunnyclist * Super Car * Tangalakis (1935-1939) * Thelogou (1918-1926) *

Tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

* Tzen

Hungary

* Alba Regia (1955) *

Balaton Lake Balaton is a lake in Hungary, the largest lake in Central Europe Balaton may also refer to: * 2242 Balaton, a main-belt asteroid * Balaton (car), a Hungarian microcar * Balaton (village), in Heves county, Hungary * Balaton, Minnesota, a city ...

(1955) * Borbála (1986-1990) * Credo * Csepel (1949-1996) * Csonka (1909-1924) * Fejes (1923-1932) * Ha (1928-1929) * Helix * Ikarus * MÁG (1911-1934) *

Marta Marta may refer to: People * Marta (given name), a feminine given name * Märta, a feminine given name * Marta (surname) :István Márta composer * Marta (footballer) (born 1986), Brazilian professional footballer Places * Marta (river), an ...

(1908-1922) * Mávag (1938-1942) * Méray (1923-1934) * Phönix (1904-1912) * Puli (1990-c.1997) * Rába *

Unitas Unitas may refer to: * 306 Unitas, a main belt asteroid * UNITAS, a multi-lateral naval exercise in South and Central America * Unitas Capital, a private equity firm, formerly known as CCMP Capital Asia * ''Humani generis unitas'', a planned ency ...

* Úttörő (1954) * Weiss-Manfréd (1927-1932)

Ireland

* Alesbury (1907-1908) * GAC Ireland (1980-1986) *

Shamrock A shamrock is a young sprig, used as a symbol of Ireland. Saint Patrick, Ireland's patron saint, is said to have used it as a metaphor for the Christian Holy Trinity. The name ''shamrock'' comes from Irish (), which is the diminutive of ...

* TMC Costin

Italy

Latvia

Alexander Leutner Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...

Dartz Dartz Motorz Company is a privately held Latvia-based company, subsidiary of Estonian corporation Dartz Grupa OÜ, that designs, manufactures, and sells high performance armored vehicles. The company constituted itself from a renovated former ...

* Drive e0 * Ford-Vairogs * RAF * Russo-Balt * VEF

Lithuania

* KAG

Liechtenstein

Jehle Jehle was an automotive company based in Schaan, Liechtenstein, that operated during the late 1970s to the early 1990s. Founded by Xavier Jehle, it was only one of two automotive companies ever to be based in Liechtenstein; the other was Orca En ...

(1977-1991) *

Orca Engineering Orca Engineering was a sports car company based in Liechtenstein. Orca designed and manufactured the Orca 113 platform, as well as the upcoming Beck LM800. Founded in 2003 by René Beck and his son Ralph, the company is most known for the Orca 113 ...

North Macedonia

* Comsove * Sanos

Monaco

Monte Carlo Automobile Monte-Carlo Automobiles S.A.R.L. is a car manufacturer based in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The company specializes in manufacturing handmade sports cars. The company was founded in 1983 by engineer Fulvio Maria Ballabio, a former Formula Two, IndyC ...

* Venturi

Netherlands

Aerts The Aerts (also spelled ''Aarts'') was a Dutch automobile manufactured in 1899; a small number of cars are known to have been built at Dongen, but little else seems to be known about the marque. The manufacturer also advertised as "Neerlandia, the ...

(1899) * Altena (1900-1906) * Anderheggen (1899-1902) *

Bij 't Vuur The Bij 't Vuur was a Dutch automobile manufactured by C. Bij 't Vuur in Arnhem from 1902 until 1906. The name means something like "Near to the fire". The company started out as a coachbuilder, when in 1901 it made her first car. The first cars ha ...

(1902-1906) *

Brons Brons, named after Jan Brons, was a Dutch engine manufacturer in Appingedam that existed from 1907 to 2004. The company made more than 4000 engines for large machines such as ships, tractors, and busses. The company is notable for its early s ...

(1907-2004) * Burton * Carver *

DAF Daf ( fa, دف) also known as Dâyere and Riq is a Middle Eastern (mainly Iranian) frame drum musical instrument, used in popular and classical music in South and Central Asia. It is also used in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Iran, Uzbe ...

Den Oudsten Den Oudsten Bussen B.V. was a Dutch coachbuilder and components manufacturer. The company was founded in 1926 by a local carriage-builder, Marinus den Oudsten. Its headquarters were just outside the city of Woerden. It eventually ceased all ac ...

* Donkervoort *Entrop (1909) *

Eysink The Eysink was a Dutch automobile manufactured from 1903 until 1919. The Eysink brothers from Amersfoort, who created the marque, started out manufacturing bicycles. In 1897 they built their first automobile. However, the brothers did not begin pr ...

(1903-1919) * Hillen (c.1913) * GINAF *

LandFighter LandFighter is a European all-terrain vehicle brand, owned by the Dutch LandFighter B.V. LandFighter is currently active within the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain and Portugal. For manufacturing LandFighter B.V. has a partnership with ...

Ruska Ruska may refer to: Places Slovak villages *Ruská *Ruská Bystrá *Ruská Kajňa *Ruská Poruba *Ruská Voľa *Ruská Volová *Ruská Nová Ves Other *Rava-Ruska, a city in Ukraine *Ruska Bela, a city in Bulgaria *Ruska, a village in Seliatyn, ...

* Shelter (1956) * Spyker (1880-1926) *

Spyker cars Spyker Cars (, ) is a Dutch sports car marque. The modern Spyker Cars held the legal rights to the brand name. The company's motto is "''Nulla tenaci invia est via''", Latin for "For the tenacious, no road is impassable". The marque's logo dis ...

Spijkstaal Spijkstaal is a Dutch car company from Spijkenisse, Netherlands. It specializes in electric cars, especially trucks for industrial usage. Its electric carts operate in Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, flower auctions including the Royal FloraHollan ...

* Terberg *

United bus United Bus was a bus manufacturing group created by DAF Bus and Bova (both from the Netherlands) in 1989. It was later joined by Den Oudsten (Netherlands), Optare (UK), and DAB (Denmark).Van Gink * Vandenbrink * VDL *

Vencer Vencer is a Dutch niche manufacturer of sports cars. It was founded in 2010 by Robert Cobben. Their current lineup includes the Vencer Sarthe The Vencer Sarthe is a Dutch sports car produced by Vencer. It is the first automobile to be produc ...

Waaijenberg Waaijenberg (pronounced ''ʋɑjøʏnbɛrɣ'') is a Dutch carmaker of micro cars, especially low-speed neighborhood-vehicles for wheelchair users and handicapped drivers. Founded in 1966 by Kees Waaijenberg, the firm is headquartered in Veenendaal, ...

Norway

* Bjering (1918-1920) *

Buddy Buddy may refer to: People *Buddy (nickname) *Buddy (rapper), real name Simmie Sims III (1993–Present) *Buddy Rogers (wrestler), ring name of American professional wrestler Herman Gustav Rohde, Jr. (1921–1992) *Buddy Boeheim (born 1999), Amer ...

* C. Geijer * Clarin Mustad (1917-1918) * FYK *

Høka Hønefoss Jernbanevogn- og Karosserifabrikk A/S, trading as Høka and at first known as Hønefoss Karosserifabrikk A/S, was a manufacturer of bodywork for buses, trucks and trains. The company was in existence from 1936 to 1968 and was based in ...

* Moxy *

Norsk Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe *Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway *Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including the ...

(1907-1911) * Strømmens Værksted *

Think In their most common sense, the terms thought and thinking refer to conscious cognitive processes that can happen independently of sensory stimulation. Their most paradigmatic forms are judging, reasoning, concept formation, problem solving, an ...

(1991-2011) *

Troll A troll is a being in Nordic folklore, including Norse mythology. In Old Norse sources, beings described as trolls dwell in isolated areas of rocks, mountains, or caves, live together in small family units, and are rarely helpful to human bei ...

(1956-1958)

Poland

Arrinera Arrinera Automotive S.A., is a Polish car manufacturer based in Warsaw. History The company was established in 2008 by brothers Łukasz and Marek Tomkiewicz. In 2011 it announced its first proof-of-concept car, using a mid-engine, rear-drive ...

(2008–present) * AMZ-Kutno *

Autosan Autosan Sp. z o.o. is a Polish bus and Coach (vehicle), coach manufacturer. The company is located in Sanok, Poland. Its sales network includes European (also non-EU countries), African and Asian countries. Currently it produces approxima ...

* CWS (1918-1931) *

Fiat Auto Poland Stellantis Poland (formerly, FCA Poland S.A., until April 1, 2015 "Fiat Auto Poland SA") is an automobile factory belonging to Stellantis formed on May 28, 1992, after Fiat acquired Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych (FSM) in Bielsko-Biała and ...

- Polski Fiat * FSC * FSM (1971-1992) * FSO * FSR * Jelcz *

Kapena Kapena is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Jonah Kapena (died 1868), royal advisor and statesman of the Kingdom of Hawaii *John Mākini Kapena John Mākini Kapena (October 2, 1843 – October 23, 1887) was a politician, dipl ...

Leopard The leopard (''Panthera pardus'') is one of the five extant species in the genus '' Panthera'', a member of the cat family, Felidae. It occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa, in some parts of Western and Central Asia, Southern Russia, a ...

(2005–present) * LRL *

Melex Melex is an electric vehicle produced by a company of the same name in Mielec, Poland. It has been in production since 1971. The car, having full necessary equipment such as headlamps and seatbelts, is very quiet and does not pollute the envir ...

Mikrus ''Mikrus'' is a monotypic genus of East African jumping spiders containing the single species, ''Mikrus ugandensis''. It was first described by Wanda Wesołowska in 2001, and is only found in Uganda and Kenya ) , national_anthem = ...

(1957-1960) * PZInż. (1928-1939) *

Ralf-Stetysz Ralf-Stetysz () was the marque of one of the earliest Polish car manufacturers begun in France and transferred to Poland in the 1920s. It was formed in 1924, when Count Stefan Tyszkiewicz, an inventor and mechanical engineer, started a small auto ...

* San (1967-1974) * Smyk *

Solaris Solaris may refer to: Arts and entertainment Literature, television and film * ''Solaris'' (novel), a 1961 science fiction novel by Stanisław Lem ** ''Solaris'' (1968 film), directed by Boris Nirenburg ** ''Solaris'' (1972 film), directed by ...

Solbus Solbus is a Polish bus manufacturer founded in 2001 in Solec Kujawski. It has been described as one of the "major players in Poland's automotive industry". In 2005 it accounted for 20% of bus production in Poland, and was named by the business ...

Ursus Ursus is Latin for bear. It may also refer to: Animals * ''Ursus'' (mammal), a genus of bears People * Ursus of Aosta, 6th-century evangelist * Ursus of Auxerre, 6th-century bishop * Ursus of Solothurn, 3rd-century martyr * Ursus (''praefectus ...

* ZSD

Portugal

* Bravia * Edfor *

Entreposto Entreposto is a Portuguese commercial and industrial group of companies. In 1982 it introduced ''Sado 550'', a microcar with a 547cc two-cylinder Daihatsu , commonly known as Daihatsu, is a Japanese automobile manufacturer and one of the oldest su ...

* Marlei *

Salvador Caetano Grupo Salvador Caetano, SGPS, SA or simply Salvador Caetano is a Portuguese holding based in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal that controls some enterprises on vehicle assembly, components and distribution business. It had a turnover of €1.6 billio ...

UMM Umm () means ''mother'' in Arabic. It is a common Arabic feminine given name and generic prefix for Semitic place names. It may refer to: Places Bahrain *Ain Umm Sujoor, an archaeological site *Umm an Nasan, an island * Umm as Sabaan, an islet Eg ...

(União Metalo-Mecânica) *

Vinci Vinci may refer to: Places *Vinci, Tuscany, a ''comune'' in the Province of Florence, Italy *Vinci (Golubac), a community in Braničevo District, Serbia People * Alessandro Vinci (born 1987), Italian footballer *Alessio Vinci (born 1968), Itali ...

Romania

* AA&WF *

* ARO (1957-2006) * C&I Eurotrans XXI *

Craiova Craiova (, also , ), is Romania's 6th Cities in Romania, largest city and capital of Dolj County, and situated near the east bank of the river Jiu River, Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximatel ...

* DAC *

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus r ...

El Car El Car is a bus manufacturer from Romania. The company was created by engineer Dorian Igescu and their main production line is the Igero bus. Igero bus Igero is a bus manufactured in multiple versions: as a city or intercity midibus or as the Ig ...

* Grivița * M.R. * Malaxa (1945) *

Oltcit Oltcit S.A. () was an automobile manufacturer, established as a joint venture between the Romanian government (64%) and Citroën (36%). Their main products were the Oltcit Club and Citroën Axel hatchbacks, assembled in Craiova, Romania. History ...

Rocar Rocar (also T.V. or Autobuzul) was a van, light truck, bus and trolleybus manufacturer based in Bucharest, Romania. The firm also produced light offroad vehicles and later heavy road vehicles. During its existence, the company produced over 350,00 ...

(1951-2002) *

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

* ROMLOC * Uzinele Braşov

Russia

A Level The A-Level (Advanced Level) is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education, as well as a school leaving qualification offered by the educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the educational aut ...

* Altay *

Amur The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's List of longest rivers, tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China, Northeastern China (Inne ...

(1967-2012) * Avtokad (2000–present) * AZLK/ Moskvitch * Bronto (1993–present) *

Derways The Derways Automobile Company ( ООО Автомобильная компания ДЕРВЕЙС) was a Russian automaker located in Cherkessk. The company was founded in 2003 as the first private car manufacturer of Russia and as a part of th ...

(2006–present) * Doninvest (1991-2014(?)) *

Dragon A dragon is a reptilian legendary creature that appears in the folklore of many cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but dragons in western cultures since the High Middle Ages have often been depicted as ...

* EL Motors (1997–present) *

GAZ GAZ or Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (russian: ГАЗ or Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д, , Gorky Automobile Plant) is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod, formerly known as Gorky (Го� ...

Volga The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...

* GolAZ *

IZH Izh may refer to; * IZh (Russian: ), a Russian automobile marque of the Izhevsk Machinebuilding Plant * Izh (river) (Russian: ), Udmurt Republic, Russia * Ingrian language Ingrian can refer to: *Of or pertaining to the region of Ingria *The Ingria ...

* KAvZ * KIM (1930-1947) * Lessner (1904-1909) * Marussia (2007-2014) *

Nami Nami ( ar, نامي, ja, 波 ('wave'), ('regular'), etc.) may refer to: Given name * Nami (, , , , ), Japanese feminine given name * Nami Akimoto (born 1968), Japanese manga artist * , Japanese film director, screenwriter and editor *, Japane ...

(1927) *

NefAZ Neftekamsk Automotive Plant (''NEFAZ'', russian: Нефтекамский автозавод) is a Russian manufacturer of buses and machinery on KamAZ chassis located in Neftekamsk in Bashkortostan. History 17 December 1970 the Council of Mini ...

* PAZ *

SeAZ SeAZ (russian: Серпуховский автомобильный завод, Serpukhovsky Avtomobilny Zavod, Serpukhov Automobile Plant) was a large engineering plant in Serpukhov, Moscow Oblast, Russia. From 1939 to 1995, the company was called ...

Silant Silant, an all-wheel drive truck and the only product manufactured by the now defunct Russian company ''Avtospetsoborudovanie'' (Ru:Автоспецоборудование) in Velikiy Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast, but now is its own company which ...

* Sollers JSC * TagAZ * Torgmash *

UAZ UAZ or Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (russian: Ульяновский Автомобильный Завод, УАЗ, Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Zavod, UAZ, Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, UAZ) is an automobile manufacturer based in Ulyanovsk, Russia, ...

UralAZ The Urals Automotive Plant, an Open Stock Company, (Russian: ''Ура́льский автомоби́льный заво́д, УралАЗ''; translit. Uralskiy Avtomobilnyi Zavod, UralAZ) is a major Russian manufacturer of off-road trucks unde ...

* VAZ/ Lada (1970–present) * VIS *

Volgabus Volgabus (known as Volzhanin until 2008) is a Russian bus manufacturing company located in the city of Volzhsky Volgograd region, and includes leasing company, a distribution center, a network of dealers, and logistics center. The general manager ...

* ZIL (1958–present) * ZIS (1936-1958)

Serbia

FAP FAP may refer to: Technology and industry * FORTRAN Assembly Program, the macro assembler for some IBM mainframe computers * Fair Access Policy, a term for a bandwidth cap, limiting Internet usage * Femtocell (Femto Access Point), a small ...

FVK Fearless Vampire Killers (FVK) are a five-piece England, English theatrical alternative rock band formed in Beccles in 2008. Their line-up consists of vocalist and rhythm guitarist Laurence Beveridge, vocalist and rhythm guitarist Kier Kemp, ba ...

* Globus-auto *

IDA-Opel IDA-Opel (Industrija Delova Automobila- Kikinda) was a Serbian (Yugoslav) car manufacturer based in Kikinda, Serbia, between 1977 and 1992. The original plant was established in 1908 as a workshop attached to a local brick factory. In 1977, afte ...

* Ikarbus * IMR * IMT * Neobus *

FCA Serbia Fiat Serbia., name=FS — formerly "FIAT Automobiles Serbia"., name=FAS (FAS) from 2008 to 2014, then "FCA Serbia"., name=FCAS (FCAS) until 2021 — is a Serbian automotive manufacturing company based in Kragujevac, Serbia. It is a joint ve ...

* Zastava Special Automobiles * Zastava TERVO * Zastava Trucks * Zastava/ Yugo

Slovakia

* BAZ *

K-1 Engineering K-1 is a professional kickboxing promotion established in 1993, well known worldwide mainly for its heavyweight division fights and Grand Prix tournaments. In January 2012, K-1 Global Holdings Limited, a company registered in Hong Kong, acquired ...

(1973-1999)

Slovenia

* Adria Mobil * Avtomontaža * CIMOS * IMV * REVOZ * Shayton * Sistemska tehnika **

Valuk ''Lahko kolesno oklepno vozilo Valuk'' (LKOV, "Light wheeled armoured vehicle") is an improved version of Pandur 6X6 APC (armored personnel carrier), manufactured under a license manufacturing agreement with the Austrian company, Steyr Daimler Pu ...

** Krpan 8x8 * TAM-Durabus *

Tovarna avtomobilov Maribor TAM (Tovarna avtomobilov Maribor – English: Maribor Automobile Factory) is a Slovenian commercial vehicle manufacturer based in Maribor, Slovenia. It was established in 2011 as part of a multinational conglomerate, with CHTC China Hi-Tech Group ...

* Tomos * Tushek ** Renovatio T500

Spain

* AFA *

America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

* Anglada *

* Ayats * Barreiros * Beulas *

Biscúter Biscúter (Spanish spelling for the pronunciation of BiScooter) is a microcar manufactured in Spain, by Auto Nacional, SA, from 1953 until 1960, total of all versions around 10,000 units. Background Raw material shortages and general economic di ...

Cupra Cupra Racing, formerly known as SEAT Sport, is the high-performance motorsport subsidiary of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985, succeeding the "SEAT Special Vehicles department" which had been formed in 1971 with the miss ...

David David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". w ...

Ebro , name_etymology = , image = Zaragoza shel.JPG , image_size = , image_caption = The Ebro River in Zaragoza , map = SpainEbroBasin.png , map_size = , map_caption = The Ebro ...

* Elizalde * ENASA *

Eucort Eucort (Eusebio Cortés SA) was a Spanish automobile manufacturer based at Barcelona from 1945 till 1953. An attempt at creating a "popular car", the first Eucort was based on a prewar DKW design. It featured a 764 cc twin-cylinder two-stro ...

* GTA Motor *

Hispano Suiza Hispano-Suiza () is a Spanish automotive–engineering company. It was founded in 1904 by Marc Birkigt and Damian Mateu as an automobile manufacturer and eventually had several factories in Spain and France that produced luxury cars, aircraft en ...

Hurtan Hurtan Desarrollos S.L., also known as Hurtan Automóviles, is a Spanish automobile company, founded in 1991 by Juan Hurtado González.IFR In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) ''Instrument Fly ...

* Indcar *

Irizar file:Irizar i4.jpg, Irizar i4LE in Madrid Irizar Group is a Spain, Spanish-based manufacturer of luxury buses and coach (vehicle), coaches. Established in 1889, the company is located in Ormaiztegi in the Basque Country (autonomous community) ...

Izaro The Izaro was a Spanish automobile manufactured around 1922. A cyclecar with models ranging from 600 cc to 700 cc, it was a product of Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 ...

* Kapi * La Cuadra *

Nogebus Nogebus is a Spain-based bus manufacturing, coachbuilder. The company builds bus and coach (vehicle), coach bodies on various possible chassis. Their products are sold throughout all of Western Europe. The company, originally named Noge, collapsed ...

Pegaso Pegaso (, "Pegasus") was a Spanish manufacturer of trucks, buses, tractors, armored vehicles, and, for a while, to train apprentices, and have a good brand image, some sports cars. The parent company, Enasa, was created in 1946 and based in the ...

Santana Motor Santana Motor, S.A. (; ) was a Spanish motor vehicle manufacturer based in Linares, in the province of Jaén, Spain. It was originally created in 1956 as "Metalúrgica de Santa Ana, S.A." to manufacture agricultural machinery, but soon, in 1961 ...

SEAT A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair (furniture), ...

Tauro Sport Auto Tauro Sport Auto is a Spanish manufacturer of luxury sports cars based in Valladolid, founded in 2010, when a group of Spanish businessmen joined with a British manufacturer of racing cars to create the company. Their most popular model is the ...

* Tramontana *

URO Uro or URO may refer to: * Aurochs, the predecessor of modern cattle * Uro Bonsai technique; see deadwood bonsai techniques * Uro, Delta, Nigeria * ''Uro'' (film), directed by Stefan Faldbakken * Uro (trucks), a Spanish truck manufacturer * ''Ur ...

* UROVESA

Sweden

Switzerland

* Ajax (1906-1910) * Albar *

Carrosserie Hess Carrosserie HESS AG is a bus, trolleybus and commercial vehicle manufacturer based in Bellach, Switzerland. Their products can be found operating in several countries, including the United States and Canada. History The company was founded in 18 ...

Cree SAM The Cree SAM, designed and developed by the Swiss company Cree, is a prototype zero emission battery electric vehicle. It is a tadpole three-wheel car, with two seats in a tandem arrangement. About 80 vehicles were produced for public testing in ...

* Dufaux (1904-1907) *

Enzmann The Enzmann 506 was a Swiss automobile manufactured from 1957 until the late 1960s (some sources claim 1969 as the final year). The company purchased new Volkswagens, unbolted the Beetle body shells from the floorpans, and refitted them with ele ...

* FBW * Leblanc * Martini (1897-1934) *

Maximag Maximag was the name of a Swiss automobile, produced by Motosacoche, based at Carouge, a suburb of Geneva, from 1923 till 1928. By the time it embarked on automobile manufacturing, the company had already established itself as a maker of engines ...

(1923-1927) * Monteverdi (1967-1984) * Mowag *

NanoFlowcell nanoFlowcell Holdings plc is a Swiss flow cell battery research and development company. nanoFlowcell claims to have developed the first flow battery small enough to be used in electric cars. Its battery, also branded nanoFlowcell, was first p ...

Pic-Pic Pic-Pic was a Swiss automobile manufactured in Geneva from 1906 to 1924. They were produced by the Piccard-Pictet Company (whence its name derives) until 1920, and by Gnome et Rhône from 1920 until the demise of the marque in 1924. History In t ...

(1906-1924) * Rinspeed * Sbarro *

Saurer Adolph Saurer AG was a Swiss manufacturer of embroidery and textile machines, trucks and buses under the Saurer and Berna (beginning in 1929) brand names. Based in Arbon, Switzerland, the firm was active between 1903 and 1982. Their vehicles were ...

(1903-1982) *

Tribelhorn The Tribelhorn was a Swiss electric car manufactured in Zurich from 1899 to 1919, although production did not begin in earnest until 1902. The car was offered in both three- and four-wheeled versions. Additionally, the company produced trolleytruc ...

(1902-1920) *

Turicum Turicum was a Gallo-Roman settlement at the lower end of Lake Zurich, and precursor of the city of Zürich. It was situated within the Roman province of Gallia Belgica (from AD 90 Germania Superior) and near the border to the province of Raetia; ...

(1904-1912) * Yaxa (1912-1914) * Zédel (1901-1905)

Turkey

* BMC * Karsan * Otokar * TEMSA * Togg

Ukraine

AntoRus
*

Bogdan Corporation Bogdan Corporation ( uk, Корпорація «Богдан») is a leading Ukrainian automobile trading and manufacturing group founded by Bogdan Motors. The corporation was famous for its Bogdan public transport brand that used to produce its ...

** LuAZ * Etalon-Avto Corporation
BAZ
**

ChAZ Chaz (less frequently ''Chas'' or '' Chazz'') is an English masculine given name or nickname, originally derived from a short form of Charles (abbreviated ''Chas.''), although it is also used occasionally as a short form of other given names such a ...

** Stryi-Avto
Eurocar
* Iveco Motor Sich **

VEPR VEPR ( uk, Автомобіль Високо-Ефективної ПРохідності (Avtomobil Vysoko-Efektyvnoyi PRokhidnosti) is a Ukrainian multi-purpose off-road vehicle designed and assembled by the Kremenchuk Automobile Assembly Plant ...

KrASZ
* Torsus *

ZAZ ZAZ or Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant ( uk, ЗАЗ, Запорізький автомобілебудівний завод, ''Zaporiz'kyi avtomobilebudivnyi zavod'' or ''Zaporiz'kyi avtozavod'') is the main automobile manufacturer of Ukr ...

/ AvtoZAZ

United Kingdom

Sources

Nick Georgano George Nicolas "Nick" Georgano (29 February 1932 – 22 October 2017Nick Georgano
Alvis Archive Bl ...

, (Ed.). ''The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile''. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. * Mazur, Eligiusz (Ed.). ''World of Cars 2006/2007: Worldwide Car Catalogue''. Warsaw: Media Connection, 2006. ISSN 1734-2945