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Astra Bus
Astra Bus is a bus manufacturer based in Arad, Romania. The company was established in 1996, splitting from Astra Vagoane Arad, a company specialized in manufacturing railroad cars. Since 2003, it is part of the Cefin Holding Group and their products have been buses and trolleybuses from the Irisbus range, under a partnership with the Italian company, and, on a small scale, minibuses based on Iveco, Mercedes-Benz or Volkswagen chassis. Bus products * Astra Ikarus 415T *Irisbus Agora *Irisbus Citelis * Astra Citelis PS01T1 Other products *Volkswagen Crafter *Mercedes-Benz Sprinter The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is a light commercial vehicle (van) built by Mercedes-Benz Group AG of Stuttgart, Germany as a large van, chassis cab, minibus, and pickup truck. In the past, the Sprinter had been sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dod ... * Iveco New Daily References External links Astra Bus {{European bus builders Bus manufacturers of Romania Trolleybus manufacturers Arad, Rom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privately-held Company
A privately held company (or simply a private company) is a company whose shares and related rights or obligations are not offered for public subscription or publicly negotiated in the respective listed markets, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned, traded, exchanged privately, or Over-the-counter (finance), over-the-counter. In the case of a closed corporation, there are a relatively small number of shareholders or company members. Related terms are closely-held corporation, unquoted company, and unlisted company. Though less visible than their public company, publicly traded counterparts, private companies have major importance in the world's economy. In 2008, the 441 list of largest private non-governmental companies by revenue, largest private companies in the United States accounted for ($1.8 trillion) in revenues and employed 6.2 million people, according to ''Forbes''. In 2005, using a substantially smaller pool size (22.7%) for comparison, the 339 companies on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikarus 415T
The Ikarus 415T is a type of trolleybus produced by the Ikarus (Hungarian company), Ikarus bus manufacturer in Hungary in 1992 and between 1997 and 2002. Subseries These trolleybuses have 3 subseries, as shown below: Ikarus 415T.1 The first trolleybus of this type was made in 1992 as a prototype from the Ikarus 415 bus model launched in 1985, featuring innovative technologies at the time, including Microcontroller, microprocessor-control. The prototype was initially tested in Budapest, and it was modified in 1997, and it would later end up in Debrecen and Bratislava for trials. Finally, it ended in Tallinn where it would serve as a basis to buy the Ikarus 412T low-floor models, being retired in 2006 and eventually scrapped. The Livery#Modern usage, livery on this vehicle was of a purple body with a yellow trim and dark-gray underside. Astra-Ikarus 415.80T In 1997, the Bucharest public transport operator RATB ordered 200 trolleybuses, seeking to replace some of the ageing Rocar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Brands
Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional foods **Romanian folklore *Romanian (stage), a stage in the Paratethys The Paratethys sea, Paratethys ocean, Paratethys realm or just Paratethys was a large shallow inland sea that stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Paratethys was peculiar due to its pa ... stratigraphy of Central and Eastern Europe *'' The Romanian'' newspaper *'' The Romanian: Story of an Obsession'', a 2004 novel by Bruce Benderson * * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicle Manufacturing Companies Established In 1996
A vehicle (from la, vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo. Vehicles include wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles (motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, mobility scooters for disabled people), railed vehicles (trains, trams), watercraft (ships, boats, underwater vehicles), amphibious vehicles (screw-propelled vehicles, hovercraft), aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, aerostats) and spacecraft.Halsey, William D. (Editorial Director): ''MacMillan Contemporary Dictionary'', page 1106. MacMillan Publishing, 1979. Land vehicles are classified broadly by what is used to apply steering and drive forces against the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed or skied. ISO 3833-1977 is the standard, also internationally used in legislation, for road vehicles types, terms and definitions. History * The oldest boats found by archaeological excavation are logboats, with the oldest logboat found, the Pesse canoe found in a bog in the Netherlands, being carbon dated to 8040 - 7510 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trolleybus Manufacturers
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). ''Buses, Trolleys & Trams''. Paul Hamlyn Ltd. (UK). Republished 2004 with or 9780753709702.) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead wires (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current, but there are exceptions. Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bus Manufacturers Of Romania
A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for charter purposes, or through private ownership. Although the average bus carries between 30 and 100 passengers, some buses have a capacity of up to 300 passengers. The most common type is the single-deck rigid bus, with double-decker and articulated buses carrying larger loads, and midibuses and minibuses carrying smaller loads. Coaches are used for longer-distance services. Many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus, are free. In many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special large vehicle licence above and beyond a regular driving licence. Buses may be used for scheduled bus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iveco Daily
The Iveco Daily is a large light commercial vehicle, light commercial van produced by the Italy, Italian automaker Iveco since 1978; it was also sold as the Fiat Daily by Fiat Automobiles, Fiat until 1983. Unlike the more car-like unibody Fiat Ducato, the Daily uses a separate ladder Frame (vehicle), frame typical of heavier commercial vehicles. The Iveco Daily is produced at the Iveco Suzzara plant, near Mantova in Italy, where Iveco has recently made substantial investments to renew the production lines. The Daily is also the longest-running vehicle of the Iveco production and in over 40 years have sold over three million units. Today it is marketed in 110 markets around the world. First generation (1978) Fiat Daily (1978) In 1978, Fiat presented a revolutionary vehicle called Daily. Light utility, succeeding the old Fiat 242 and :it:Fiat 616, Fiat 616N, it immediately received a very favorable reception from users, who appreciated its excellent qualities of robustness and ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is a light commercial vehicle ( van) built by Mercedes-Benz Group AG of Stuttgart, Germany as a large van, chassis cab, minibus, and pickup truck. In the past, the Sprinter had been sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dodge, and Freightliner nameplates. In the U.S., it was built from complete knock down (CKD) kits by Freightliner. Re-badged and re-engined Sprinters were also sold by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles as the Volkswagen LT and the Volkswagen Crafter. They are now primarily marketed by Mercedes-Benz. In the Mercedes-Benz van lineup, the Sprinter is the largest model offered, followed by the mid-size Vito (aka Viano, V-Class, and EQV) and small Citan. __TOC__ First generation (1995–2006, T1N) Europe The first generation Sprinter was launched in Europe in 1995 to replace the famous but outdated T1 Transporter van dating from 1977. Compared to the T1, the Sprinter had reduced the aerodynamic drag and moved the engine further forward to incr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volkswagen Crafter
The Volkswagen Crafter, introduced in 2006, is the largest three- to five-ton van produced and sold by the German automaker Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. The Crafter officially replaced the Volkswagen Transporter LT that was launched in 1975, although it is known as the LT3, its production plant code. Like the second-generation LT, the first-generation Crafter is a rebadged Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, built by Daimler AG, with a powertrain by Volkswagen. The Daimler variant has been also sold by Daimler as the Freightliner Sprinter and Dodge Sprinter. An all-electric variant, the e-Crafter, was released in 2017. Starting with the 2017 model year, the Crafter has been designed and built by Volkswagen, and no longer associated with the Sprinter. A version of the Crafter is also sold by MAN Truck & Bus as the MAN TGE. Its major European competitors include the Renault Master, Ford Transit, Fiat Ducato, Maxus eDeliver 9, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, Iveco Daily, and Hyundai H350. Fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astra Citelis
The Astra Citelis is an urban solo trolleybus with a low floor, bodywork by Astra Bus Arad, Romania, on an Irisbus Citelis The Irisbus Citelis is a low-floor city bus produced by Irisbus from 2005 to 2013 when it was replaced in production by Iveco Bus Urbanway. Production and operation It was introduced in 2005 to replace the Agora. It comes in three varieties ... under frame (Iveco’s division for passenger transportation vehicles), and outfitted with equipment provided by ICPE SAERP Bucharest. Trolleybus electric thrusters are the latest generation with low power consumption and regenerative electric brakes. Digital control of all systems of electric buses allow easy maintenance and repair of the vehicle. References {{reflist External linksAstra Citelis PS01T1: Urban solo trolleybus Trolleybuses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irisbus Citelis
The Irisbus Citelis is a low-floor city bus produced by Irisbus from 2005 to 2013 when it was replaced in production by Iveco Bus Urbanway. Production and operation It was introduced in 2005 to replace the Agora. It comes in three varieties: Citelis 10 and Citelis 12, which are standard buses with respectively and length, and Citelis 18, which is articulated and has a length of . Citelis models use Euro 4, Euro 5 & EEV engines. The buses can also be built as trolleybuses, utilising overhead electrical wires for their power supply instead of fuel. Trolleybus version of Citelis is also known as Škoda 24Tr Irisbus (12m) or Škoda 25Tr Irisbus (18m), especially in Eastern Europe. Transport Citelis vehicles were introduced in 2007 on Bucharest's trolleybus network run by STB and in 2006 or 2007 in Riga, capital of Latvia, in which they are owned by Rīgas Satiksme. They are also used by the RATP in Paris, Germany's VER, in Brno and Prague, Czech Republic, by ATM in Milan, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irisbus Agora
The Irisbus Agora (previously known as Renault Agora, Karosa City Bus or Ikarus Agora) was a low-floor bus designed and built by Renault from 1995 to 2002, date upon which it has been built by Irisbus, firstly a joint-venture with Fiat subsidiary IVECO from 1999, with Iveco engines. It has also been built by Czech-based Karosa under the Citybus name as a diesel-powered bus, Skoda as a trolleybus in Eastern European markets as the Škoda 24Tr Irisbus and Škoda 25Tr Irisbus, and by the Romanian-based Astra Bus. On February 8, 2006, the last Irisbus Agora was delivered to RATP, being replaced in production by the Irisbus Citelis. Range The range consisted of: * Standard 12-metre "S" version, available in one-, two- or three-door form * Articulated 18-metre "L" version in three- or four-door form * "Line" 12-metre version in one, two or three-door form (built from 1999). This version is distinct from the standard Agora by its engine layout, which is longitudinally-mounted (under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
