26O Llibertat 191026 60360 dc (48979005808)

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe.

Separatism Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...

often refers to full political

secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics l ...

, though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater

autonomy In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one' ...

or to be recognised as a national minority. What is and is not considered an

autonomist Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tende ...

or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: # They are active movements with active members; # They are seeking greater autonomy or

self-determination The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a '' jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It sta ...

for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy); # They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: * ''De facto'' state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy; * Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state; * Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession; ** De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region; ** Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control; ** Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession; ** Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations; ** Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities; **

Ethnic An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established fo ...

/ ethno-religious/ racial/

regional In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

religious Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...

group(s). Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...

(EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks to unify into a different state – in cases where this does not involve the creation of a new state entity, this is considered to be irredentism. Analogous irredentist movements are included in the list of active irredentist movements.

Azerbaijan

Territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast * People: Armenians in Azerbaijan ** ''De facto'' state: ( recognised by 3 non-UN members) *** Proposed: recognition of Artsakh status based on

principle *** Political organisation:

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...

*** Military organisation: Artsakh Defense Army Territory of the short-lived Flag of Talysh

Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic * People: Talysh people ** Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan *** Political organisation: Talysh National Movement *** Government in exile: Flag of Talysh

Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic Lezgistan * Ethnic group: Lezgins ** Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgistan ** Political organisation: Lezgin flag sadval

Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy

Belgium

;Autonomist movements * People:

Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

** Autonomous area: Eastern Belgium *** Political parties: ProDG (former EFA member), Party for Freedom and Progress, Christian Social Party * People:

Flemish Flemish (''Vlaams'') is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch (), Belgian Dutch ( ), or Southern Dutch (). Flemish is native to Flanders, a historical region in northern Belgium; ...

** Autonomous area:

Flanders Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to cultu ...

*** Movements: Flemish Movement * People:

Walloons Walloons (; french: Wallons ; wa, Walons) are a Gallo-Romance ethnic group living native to Wallonia and the immediate adjacent regions of France. Walloons primarily speak '' langues d'oïl'' such as Belgian French, Picard and Walloon. Wallo ...

** Autonomous area:

Wallonia Wallonia (; french: Wallonie ), or ; nl, Wallonië ; wa, Waloneye or officially the Walloon Region (french: link=no, Région wallonne),; nl, link=no, Waals gewest; wa, link=no, Redjon walone is one of the three regions of Belgium—al ...

*** Movements: Walloon Movement ;Secessionist movements or

Flemish Community The Flemish Community ( nl, Vlaamse Gemeenschap ; french: Communauté flamande ; german: Flämische Gemeinschaft ) is one of the three institutional communities of Belgium, established by the Belgian constitution and having legal responsibilitie ...

(the latter includes ) * People:

** Proposed state: , unification with the *** Political parties:

New Flemish Alliance The New Flemish Alliance ( nl, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie, N-VA) is a Flemish nationalist and conservative political party in Belgium. The party was founded in 2001 by the right-leaning fraction of the centrist-nationalist People's Union (VU). ...

(member of the European Free Alliance),

Libertair, Direct, Democratisch Libertarian, Direct, Democratic ( nl, Libertair, Direct, Democratisch; LDD) is a conservative-liberal, libertarian, right-wing populist Flemish political party in Belgium. The party surprised commentators by winning five seats in the Chamber an ...

Vlaams Belang , ideology = , predecessor = Vlaams Blok , position = , europarl = Identity and Democracy , european = Identity and Democracy Party , youth_wing = Vlaams Belang Jongeren , colours = ...

and Flemish-Socialist Movement *** Movements:

Vlaamse Volksbeweging The ( nl, Flemish People's Movement) or VVB is a part-independent Flemish-minded non-profit association. Since 1991, the VVB has been campaigning for the independence of Flanders and therefore belongs to the Flemish-nationalist movement withi ...

(VVB), , Taal Aktie Komitee and Voorpost or French Community of Belgium (the latter includes ) * People:

** Proposed state:

, unification with *** Political parties: Walloon Rally, Rassemblement Wallonie France

Bosnia and Herzegovina

;Secessionist movements * People:

Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sr-Cyrl, Срби у Босни и Херцеговини, Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini) are one of the three constitutive nations (state-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the politi ...

** Proposed: unification with *** Political organisation:

National Assembly of Republika Srpska The National Assembly of Republika Srpska (, abbr. НСРС/NSRS) is the legislative body of Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity. History The Nation ...

(

Government of Republika Srpska Government of Republika Srpska ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, separator=" / ", Влада Републике Српске, Vlada Republika Srpske) is the executive authority of Republika Srpska, along with the President of Republika Srpska. The Prime Minister is ...

) *** Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party ;Autonomist movements

Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia The Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia ( hr, Hrvatska Republika Herceg-Bosna) was an unrecognized geopolitical entity and quasi-state in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was proclaimed on 18 November 1991 under the name Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bos ...

* People:

Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina (), often referred to as Bosnian Croats () or Herzegovinian Croats () are the third most populous ethnic group in the country after Bosniaks and Serbs, and are one of the constitutive nations of Bosnia and ...

** Proposed state: , as a refounded third entity of Bosnia-Herzegovina *** Political organisation: Croatian National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina *** Political parties:

Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( hr, Hrvatska demokratska zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine or HDZ BiH) is a Christian democratic, nationalist political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing the Croats of Bosnia and ...

, Croatian Democratic Union 1990, Croatian Christian Democratic Union

Croatia

;Autonomist movements

Istria County Istria County (; hr, Istarska županija; it, Regione istriana, "Istrian Region") is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula ( out of , or 89%). Administrative centers in the county are ...

* People: Istrians (

Croats The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic ...

, Istrian Italians, Istro-Romanians, and Istriot-speakers) ** Proposed: Autonomy for

Istria Istria ( ; Croatian and Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian, Italian and Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic betwe ...

within Croatia *** Political party: Istrian Democratic Assembly (factions, not officially)

Cyprus

The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus * People: Turkish Cypriots ** ''De facto'' state: (recognized only by

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

) *** Proposed: re-unification with , or recognition of Northern Cyprus *** Political organisation: Government of Northern Cyprus *** Militant organisation: Security Forces Command

Czech Republic

;Autonomist movements

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The ...

* People: Moravian ** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political party:

Moravané Moravané (, ''Moravians'') is a small non-parliamentary political party in Moravia in the Czech Republic. History It arose in 2005 through a merger of two older local parties: ''Hnutí samosprávné Moravy a Slezska – Moravské národní sjedn ...

(former EFA member), Moravian land movement (EFA member) *** Organisation:

Moravian National Community {{Use dmy dates, date=October 2013 The Moravian National Community (Czech: ''Moravská národní obec'') is a non-political civic association focused on Moravian culture, history, traditions and Moravia in general. In practice, however, it also st ...

Denmark

* People: Faroese ** Proposed state: *** Political parties:

Republican Party Republican Party is a name used by many political parties around the world, though the term most commonly refers to the United States' Republican Party. Republican Party may also refer to: Africa * Republican Party (Liberia) *Republican Party ...

, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party *** Movement:

Faroese independence movement The Faroese independence movement ( fo, Føroyska Tjóðskaparrørslan), or the Faroese national movement (), is a political movement which seeks the establishment of the Faroe Islands as a sovereign state outside Denmark. Reasons for complete a ...

Minor Movements Flag Denmark Bornholmsflaget

Bornholm Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...

* Proposed state: Flag Denmark Bornholmsflaget

* Proposed autonomous area:

** Political party: Bornholm's Self-Government Party

Finland

* People: Åland Swedes ** Proposed state: *** Political party:

Future of Åland The Future of Åland ( sv, Ålands Framtid) is a separatist political party on Åland. As a member of the European Free Alliance, the goal of the party is to make Åland an independent state. At the 2003 elections, the party won 6.5% of pop ...

(EFA member)

France

;Secessionist movements Alsace_in_France

* People: Alsatians (Allemanics) ** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, Unser Land (EFA member) Basque Country Location Map

French Basque Country * People: Basque ** Proposed state: unification with the Basque Country and – '' Euskal Herria''Zubiaga, M. et al.
''Towards a Basque State. Nation-building and institutions''
Bilbo: UEU, 2012 . *** Political parties: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party). *** Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna,

Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak (, Basque for "Nationalist Workers' Committees") is a Basque left-wing nationalist and separatist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Garbiñe Aranburu. It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others. They are part of ...

*** Youth advocacy groups:

Gazte Abertzaleak Young Patriots (in Basque: ''Gazte Abertzaleak (GA)'') is since 1988 the youth wing of the Basque political party Eusko Alkartasuna (EA). Gazte Abertzaleak is a founding member of the EFAY (Youth branch of the European Free Alliance). Gazte Abe ...

, Segi *** Militant organisations:

Irrintzi Irrintzi is an armed Basque nationalist group or cell that acts in the Northern Basque Country (Basque: ''Iparralde''). The word ''irrintzi'' refers originally to the traditional Basque folk high-pitched scream used to express celebration or h ...

Historic

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period ...

, comprising

Brittany (administrative region) Brittany (french: Bretagne ; br, Breizh ); Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is the westernmost region of Metropolitan France. It covers about four fifths of the territory of the historic province of Brittany. Its capital is Rennes. It is one of the two ...

and parts of * People:

Bretons The Bretons (; br, Bretoned or ''Vretoned,'' ) are a Celtic ethnic group native to Brittany. They trace much of their heritage to groups of Brittonic speakers who emigrated from southwestern Great Britain, particularly Cornwall and Devon, ...

** Proposed state: *** Advocacy groups: Celtic League *** Political parties:

Breton Democratic Union Breton Democratic Union (french: Union démocratique bretonne, br, Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, UDB) is a Breton nationalist, autonomist, and regionalist political party in Brittany (''Bretagne administrée'') and Loire-Atlantique. The UDB ad ...

, Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann *** Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh (Breton Revolutionary Army) (ARB) Corse in France

* People:

Corsicans The Corsicans ( Corsican, Italian and Ligurian: ''Corsi''; French: ''Corses'') are a Romance ethnic group. They are native to Corsica, a Mediterranean island and a territorial collectivity of France. Origin The island was populated since ...

** Proposed state: *** Political party: Corsica Libera,

Pè a Corsica Pè a Corsica ( en, For Corsica) was a Corsican nationalist political alliance in France, which was calling for more autonomy for Corsica. More specifically, it was a coalition of the two Corsican nationalist parties active on the island; th ...

*** Militant group: National Liberation Front of Corsica Occitania blanck map

Occitania Occitania ( oc, Occitània , , or ) is the historical region in Western and Southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes still used as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasse ...

* People:

Occitans The Occitans ( oc, occitans) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical region of Occitania ( southern France, northeastern Spain, and northwestern Italy). They have been also called Gascons, Provençals, and Auvergnats.T ...

** Proposed state:

*** Political parties:

Partit de la Nacion Occitana The Partit Nacionalista Occitan, more simply, "PNO" (in English: ''Occitan Nationalist Party'') is a political party of Occitania, founded in 1959 by François Fontan (1929–1979). The current name is "Partit de la Nacion Occitana" (in Englis ...

*** Political movement: Assemblada Occitana, Libertat

French Flanders French Flanders (french: La Flandre française) is a part of the historical County of Flanders in present-day France where a dialect of Dutch was or still is traditionally spoken. The region lies in the modern-day region of Hauts-de-France an ...

* People:

Flemings The Flemish or Flemings ( nl, Vlamingen ) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%. "''Flemish''" was historically a geographical term, as all in ...

** Proposed state:

, Pale of Calais and Audomarois and re-unification with

West Flanders West Flanders ( nl, West-Vlaanderen ; vls, West Vloandern; french: (Province de) Flandre-Occidentale ; german: Westflandern ) is the westernmost province of the Flemish Region, in Belgium. It is the only coastal Belgian province, facing the No ...

East Flanders , native_name_lang = , settlement_type = Province of Belgium , image_flag = Flag of Oost-Vlaanderen.svg , flag_size = , image_shield = Wapen van O ...

Tournaisis The Tournaisis, or Tournai (Flemish: ''Doornik''), a territory in the Low Countries in present-day Belgium, is one of Europe's oldest town centres. Located in the Wallonia region of Belgium on the Scheldt River (French: ''L'Escaut''), northwes ...

and

Zeelandic Flanders Zeelandic Flanders ( ; zea, Zeêuws-Vlaonderen; vls, Zêeuws-Vloandern)''Vlaanderen'' in isolation: . is the southernmost region of the province of Zeeland in the south-western Netherlands. It lies south of the Western Scheldt that separates ...

into an independent Flemish state, unification with the (separatist) or (autonomist) *** Political party: Flemish movement Provence in France (1789)

* People: Provençals (Occitans) ** Proposed state: Provence *** Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença

Northern Catalonia Northern Catalonia, North Catalonia, ; french: Catalogne (du) Nord ; oc, Catalonha (del) Nòrd; es, Cataluña (del) Norte) French Catalonia or Roussillon refers to the Catalan-speaking and Catalan-culture territory ceded to France by Spain ...

* People: Northern Catalans ** Proposed state: or unification with *** Political parties: Esquerra Republicana- Catalunya del Nord, Oui au Pays Catalan (autonomist) *** Advocacy organisations: Catalunya Nord per la independència, Òmnium Catalunya Nord *** Youth organisations: Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana (Catalunya Nord) ;Autonomist movements Normandy in France 2016

* People: Alsatians (Allemanics) ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, , Unser Land (EFA member)

* People:

** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political party: Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh (EFA member) * People:

** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political party:

Partitu di a Nazione Corsa The Party of the Corsican Nation ( co, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa, PNC) is a Corsican nationalist and autonomist political party on the French island of Corsica. It was founded in Corte in 2002 by members of three nationalist parties, Union of th ...

(EFA member) * People:

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

Italians , flag = , flag_caption = The national flag of Italy , population = , regions = Italy 55,551,000 , region1 = Brazil , pop1 = 25–33 million , ref1 = , region2 ...

** Proposed autonomous area:

County of Nice The County of Nice (french: Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois, it, Contea di Nizza/Paese Nizzardo, Niçard oc, Contèa de Niça/País Niçard) is a historical region of France located around the southeastern city of Nice and roughly equivalent t ...

*** Political party: Partit Nissart ( Parti niçois (fr))

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

* People:

Normans The Normans ( Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Franks and Gallo-Romans. ...

** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political party: Mouvement Normand

Savoy Savoy (; frp, Savouè ; french: Savoie ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south. Sa ...

* People: Savoyans ** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political party: Movement Règion Savouè (EFA member) * People:

** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties:

Partit Occitan The Occitan Party ( oc, Partit Occitan) is a regionalist political party in France. Its aims include greater autonomy for the Occitania region of southern France. The Occitan Party was formed in Toulouse in 1987 through the union of different Occ ...

(EFA member)

Georgia

Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised State (polity), state in the South Caucasus, International recognition of Abkhazia and ...

* People:

Abkhazians Abkhazians (russian: Абхазы), or Abkhazs ( ab, Аԥсуаа, Aṕswaа, ), are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora populati ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 6 UN members) *** Political organisation: Government of Abkhazia *** Militant organisation:

Abkhazian Armed Forces The Abkhazian Armed Forces (; ) are the military forces of Abkhazia. The forces were officially created on 12 October 1992, after the outbreak of the 1992–1993 war with Georgia. The basis of the armed forces was formed by the ethnic Abkhaz Na ...

Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast * People:

Ossetians The Ossetians or Ossetes (, ; os, ир, ирæттæ / дигорӕ, дигорӕнттӕ, translit= ir, irættæ / digoræ, digorænttæ, label=Ossetic) are an Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the no ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 5 UN members) *** Political organisation:

Government of South Ossetia The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia is the political leadership of the only partially recognized, but de facto independent, Republic of South Ossetia. Executive branch South Ossetia's head of state is the president, the current pre ...

*** Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia

Javakheti Javakheti ( ka, ჯავახეთი ) or Javakhk ( hy, Ջավախք, ''Javakhk'') is a historical province in southern Georgia, corresponding to the modern municipalities of Akhalkalaki, Aspindza (partly), Ninotsminda, and partly to the Turk ...

* Ethnic group:

Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe–Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia. The southern part of the region ( Javakheti) borders Armenia to the south. Here, ethnic Armenian ...

** Proposed: Autonomy for the region Javakhk (Javakheti) ** Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance

Germany

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...

* People:

Bavarians Bavarians ( Bavarian: ''Boarn'', Standard German: ''Baiern'') are an ethnographic group of Germans of the Bavaria region, a state within Germany. The group's dialect or speech is known as the Bavarian language, native to Altbayern ("Old Bavar ...

, Franconians,

Swabians Swabians (german: Schwaben, singular ''Schwabe'') are a Germanic people who are native to the ethnocultural and linguistic region of Swabia, which is now mostly divided between the modern states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, in southweste ...

** Proposed state or autonomous area:

Free State of Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total la ...

*** Political party:

Bavaria Party The Bavaria Party (german: Bayernpartei, BP) is an autonomist, regionalist and conservative political party in the state of Bavaria, Germany. The party was founded in 1946, describes itself as patriotic Bavarian and advocates Bavarian independenc ...

(EFA member)
Satzung der Bayernpartei
', 30. October 2011, from: ''bayernpartei.de'', 28 August 2018 Ost-Friesland

East Frisia East Frisia or East Friesland (german: Ostfriesland; ; stq, Aastfräislound) is a historic region in the northwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is primarily located on the western half of the East Frisian peninsula, to the east of West Frisia ...

and North Frisia * People:

Frisians The Frisians are a Germanic ethnic group native to the coastal regions of the Netherlands and northwestern Germany. They inhabit an area known as Frisia and are concentrated in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, ...

** Proposed autonomous area:

Frisia Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe. Stretching along the Wadden Sea, it encompasses the north of the Netherlands and parts of northwestern Germany. The region is traditionally inhabited by the Frisians, a West G ...

, unification with foreign states: *** Political party:

South Schleswig Voters' Association da, Sydslesvigsk Vælgerforening frr, Söödschlaswiksche Wäälerferbånd , logo = Südschleswigscher Wählerverband, Logo.svg , logo_size = 165px , chairman = Christian Dirschauer , leader1_title = Vice Chairmen ...

(EFA member) and The Frisians Flag of Saxony

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a ...

* Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag of the Freie Sachsen

** Political party: Flag of the Freie Sachsen

Free Saxony

Italy

Friuli-Venezia Giulia (man), it, Friulana (woman), it, Giuliano (man), it, Giuliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_t ...

* People:

Friulians Friulians, also called Friulans or Furlans are an ethnolinguistic minority living primarily in Italy, with a significant diaspora community. Friulians primarily inhabit the region of Friuli and speak the Rhaeto-Romantic language Friulian, wh ...

** Proposed state:

Friuli Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giuli ...

*** Political parties: **** Secessionist parties: Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan, Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front, **** Autonomist parties:

Pact for Autonomy The Pact for Autonomy ( it, Patto per l'Autonomia, fur, Pat pe Autonomie, sl, Pakt za Avtonomijo, german: Pakt für die Autonomie, PpA) is a regionalist and social-liberal political party in Friuli-Venezia Giulia that aims to defend the regional ...

Province of Trieste The Province of Trieste ( it, Provincia di Trieste, sl, Tržaška pokrajina; fur, provinzia di Triest) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Trieste. It had an area of and it had a ...

* Proposed state: Free Territory of Trieste ** People:

Italians , flag = , flag_caption = The national flag of Italy , population = , regions = Italy 55,551,000 , region1 = Brazil , pop1 = 25–33 million , ref1 = , region2 ...

Slovenes The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, Slovenian culture, culture, History ...

*** Political movements: Movimento Trieste Libera; Territorio Libero di Trieste, Free Territory of Trieste Movement,

Lombardy (man), (woman) lmo, lumbard, links=no (man), (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , ...

* Proposed state: Republic of Lombardy ** Political parties (autonomist): Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda ** Political parties (secessionist):

Pro Lombardy Independence Pro Lombardy Independence (''Pro Lombardia Indipendenza'') is an independentist party active in Lombardy, Italy. The party, which was launched in 2011, is led by Alfredo Gatta; the spokesman is Alessandro Ceresoli. The first objective of the p ...

Lega Lombarda Lega Lombarda ( en, Lombard League; abbr. LL), whose complete name is ( en, Lombard League for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Established in 1984, it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega N ...

Northern Italy Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative region ...

* Proposed state: Padania ** Political parties (autonomist):

Lega Nord Lega Nord (; acronym: LN), whose complete name is (), is a right-wing, federalist, populist and conservative political party in Italy. In the run-up of the 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as (), without changing its offici ...

, Great North ** Political parties (secessionist):

(formerly),

Lega Padana Lega Padana (''Padanian League'') is a Padanist and separatist political party founded in 1999 and active mainly in Piedmont, Italy. In the 2009 provincial elections, the piedmontese section of the party, the Piedmont Padanian League (''Lega Pa ...

Padanian Union The Padanian Union (''Unione Padana'', UP) is a Padanist and separatist political party active in Lombardy, Italy. The party emerged in November 2011 by the merger of Lega Padana Lombardia, led by Roberto Bernardelli and Giulio Arrighini, and o ...

Alpine Padanian Union The Alpine Padanian Union (''Unione Padana Alpina'', UPA) is a Padanist and separatist political party active in Lombardy, Italy. The party emerged in March 2012 as a split from the Padanian Union (UP): the provincial section of Bergamo, led by ...

Southern Italy Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half. The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the pe ...

* Proposed state:

Mezzogiorno Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half. The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the pe ...

** Political parties (secessionist and autonomist):

We the South We the South ( it, Noi Sud, NS), whose complete name is Freedom and Autonomy - We the South ( it, Libertà e Autonomia - Noi Sud), is a regionalist political party in Italy based in the Campania but seeking to represent the whole South. Histor ...

, Great South ** Political parties (secessionist): Autonomy South, Force of the South and I the South

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label= Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, aft ...

* People: Sardinians ** Proposed state: Republic of Sardinia *** Political parties (autonomist): Fortza Paris, Sardinian Reformers *** Political parties (secessionist):

Sardinian Action Party The Sardinian Action Party ( sc, Partidu Sardu, it, Partito Sardo d'Azione, PSd'Az or PSdA) is a Sardinian nationalist, regionalist and separatist political party in Sardinia. While being traditionally part of the Sardinian centre-left, the p ...

, Sardinia Nation, Independence Republic of Sardinia, Project Republic of Sardinia, Party of Sardinians, others

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

* People: Sicilians ** Proposed state:

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

*** Political parties (autonomist):

Sicilian Socialist Party The Sicilian Socialist Party (, , PSS) is a democratic socialist and autonomist political party in Sicily. The party was founded on 21 May 2013 and considers itself to be the re-foundation of the 1893 Sicilian federation of the emerging Italia ...

Party of the Sicilians The Party of Sicilians ( it, Partito dei Siciliani, PdS) was a regionalist and Christian-democratic political party in Sicily. It was the Sicilian regional section of the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA). History In August 2012 it was announced ...

*** Political parties (secessionist): Free Sicilians *** Groups: Sicilian National Front, Sicilia Nazione, Sicilian National Liberation Movement.

South Tyrol it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous province , image_skyline = , image_alt ...

*Proposed: independence of

South Tyrol it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous province , image_skyline = , image_alt ...

or unification with

Tyrol Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...

in Austria **Political parties:

Die Freiheitlichen ''Die Freiheitlichen'' (), abbreviated dF, is a regionalist, separatist and national-conservative political party in South Tyrol, Italy. The party, which is part of the South Tyrolean independence movement, seeks to represent the German-spea ...

(independence), South Tyrolean Freedom (unification)

Tuscany it, Toscano (man) it, Toscana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Citizenship , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = Italian , demogra ...

* Ethnic group: Tuscans ** Proposed: greater autonomy for

** Political party: Tuscan Autonomist Movement

Veneto Veneto (, ; vec, Vèneto ) or Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about five million, ranking fourth in Italy. The region's capital is Venice while the biggest city is Verona. Veneto was part of the Roman Empire unt ...

* Proposed state:

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia ...

** Political parties (autonomist):

Liga Veneta Liga Veneta ( vec, Łiga Vèneta; en, Venetian League; abbr. LV), whose complete name is ( en, Venetian League for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Veneto. The LV, whose ideology combines Venetian nationalism and ...

, Veneto for Autonomy ** Political parties (secessionist): Party of Venetians,

Venetian Independence Venetian Independence ( it, Indipendenza Veneta, vec, Independensa Vèneta, IV) is a Venetist, liberal and, to some extent, libertarian political party active in Veneto. The party seeks to achieve full political independence for the former terr ...

, We Are Veneto,

Liga Veneta Repubblica Liga Veneta Repubblica (''Łiga Vèneta Republica'', Venetian Republic League, LVR) is a Venetist political party in Veneto, Italy. The party maintains a mildly separatist position and campaigns for the self-government of Veneto. The party's f ...

, Venetian People's Unity, Venetian Left

Kosovo

North Kosovo/ Ibar Kolašin * People: Kosovo Serbs ** Proposed state: Zsoflag

Community of Serb Municipalities within or re-unification with *** Political organisations: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities (status unknown), Serb List

Lithuania

Samogitia * ethnic group: Samogitians ** proposed autonomous region: Samogitia *** political party: Samogitian Party

Malta

Gozo Gozo (, ), Maltese: ''Għawdex'' () and in antiquity known as Gaulos ( xpu, 𐤂𐤅𐤋, ; grc, Γαῦλος, Gaúlos), is an island in the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Republic of Malta. After ...

* People: Gozitan ** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political organisation: People's Party (Malta),

Gozo Party The Gozo Party ( mt, Partit Għawdxi) was a political party in Malta. History The party was established in founded in April 1947 by Francesco Masini Francesco Masini (December 6, 1894 – July 9, 1962) was a lawyer and politician from the isla ...

(Defunct)

Moldova

;Breakaway state

Transnistria Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...

* People: Equal proportions of

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...

and

Moldovans Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians ( ro, moldoveni , Moldovan Cyrillic: молдовень), are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and the largest ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) and a sign ...

** De facto state:

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...

*** Political organisation: Government of Transnistria *** Militant organisation: Army of Transnistria

Netherlands

and

Groningen Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of t ...

* People:

, West Frisians ** Proposed autonomous area: West Frisia, or unification with foreign states :

*** Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member) *** Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland *People

Limburgish Limburgish ( li, Limburgs or ; nl, Limburgs ; german: Limburgisch ; french: Limbourgeois ), also called Limburgan, Limburgian, or Limburgic, is a West Germanic language spoken in the Dutch and Belgian provinces of Limburg and in the neig ...

**Proposed autonomous area: ***Political party: Party New Limburg *People Brabantines **Proposed autonomous area: ***Political party: Brabant Party *People Zeelanders **Proposed autonomous area: ***Political party: Party for Zeeland

Poland

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. S ...

* People: Silesians ** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political party:

Silesian Autonomy Movement The Silesian Autonomy Movement ( szl, Ruch Autōnōmije Ślōnska, pl, Ruch Autonomii Śląska, german: Bewegung für die Autonomie Schlesiens), abbreviated as RAŚ, is a movement officially declaring its support for the autonomy of Silesia as p ...

Kashubia pl, Kaszuby , native_name_lang = csb, de, csb , settlement_type = Historical region , anthem = Zemia Rodnô , image_map = Kashubians in Poland.png , image_flag ...

* People:

Kashubians The Kashubians ( csb, Kaszëbi; pl, Kaszubi; german: Kaschuben), also known as Cassubians or Kashubs, are a Lechitic ( West Slavic) ethnic group native to the historical region of Pomerania, including its eastern part called Pomerelia, in nor ...

** Proposed autonomous area:

Kashubia pl, Kaszuby , native_name_lang = csb, de, csb , settlement_type = Historical region , anthem = Zemia Rodnô , image_map = Kashubians in Poland.png , image_flag ...

*** Political party: Kashubian Association

Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...

* Proposed autonomous area or state:

Free City of Danzig The Free City of Danzig (german: Freie Stadt Danzig; pl, Wolne Miasto Gdańsk; csb, Wòlny Gard Gduńsk) was a city-state under the protection of the League of Nations between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gda ...

** Political organisation: Free City of Danzig Government in Exile

Portugal

Lusitania Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and a portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and the province of Salamanca) lie. It was named after the Lusitani or Lu ...

* People:

Lusitanians The Lusitanians ( la, Lusitani) were an Indo-European speaking people living in the west of the Iberian Peninsula prior to its conquest by the Roman Republic and the subsequent incorporation of the territory into the Roman province of Lusitania. ...

** Proposed autonomous area or state:
Lusitania
*** Political party:

Romania

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the A ...

and

Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...

* People:

Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...

Transylvanian Saxons The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ( ...

** Proposed autonomous area or state:

*** Political organisations: Transilvania–Banat League *** Advocacy organisations: Liga Pro Europa, Provincia, Autonomy for Transylvania Székely-Hungarian National Guard, Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată), League of Banat (Liga Bănățeană)

Székely Land The Székely Land or Szeklerland ( hu, Székelyföld, ; ro, Ținutul Secuiesc and sometimes ; german: Szeklerland; la, Terra Siculorum) is a historic and ethnographic area in Romania, inhabited mainly by Székelys, a subgroup of Hungarians. ...

* People:

Székelys The Székelys (, Székely runes: 𐳥𐳋𐳓𐳉𐳗), also referred to as Szeklers,; ro, secui; german: Szekler; la, Siculi; sr, Секељи, Sekelji; sk, Sikuli are a Hungarian subgroup living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania. ...

** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political organisations:

Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR; hu, Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; ro, Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania which aims to represent the significant Hungarian m ...

, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993. Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.

Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania The Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania ( hu, Erdélyi Magyar Néppárt, EMNP; ro, Partidul Popular Maghiar din Transilvania, PPMT) is a List of political parties in Romania, political party representing the Hungarians in Romania, Hungarian ...

(PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land. It also advocates territorial autonomy for

Partium Partium (from Latin ''partium'', the genitive of '' pars'' "part, portion") or ''Részek'' (in Hungarian) was a historical and geographical region in the Kingdom of Hungary during the early modern and modern periods. It consisted of the eastern a ...

. *** Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council

* People:

** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Advocacy organisations:

Hungarian National Council of Transylvania The Hungarian National Council of Transylvania ( hu, Erdélyi Magyar Nemzeti Tanács, EMNT; ro, Consiliul Național al Maghiarilor din Transilvania, CNMT) is a civic organization that represents the ethnic Hungarians of Romania. Established in 2 ...

Russia

Map of Russia - Volga Federal District (2018 composition)

Map of Russia - Karelia (Crimea disputed)

; ;Autonomist movements

Komi-Permyak Okrug Komi-Permyak Okrug (russian: Ко́ми-Пермя́цкий о́круг, ''Komi-Permyatsky okrug''; koi, Коми-Перем кытш, -, or PermyakiaEncyclopedia Encarta/ref> is a territory with special status within Perm Krai, Russia. Its adm ...

*People: Komi and

Komi-Permyaks The Komi ( kv, комияс, ' also ', also called Komi-Zyryans or Zyryans, are an indigenous Permian ethnic group whose homeland is in the northeast of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers. They mostl ...

**Proposed federal subject:

Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (russian: Коми-Пермяцкий Автономный Округ; koi, Коми-Пермяцкöй Aвтономнöй Округ) was an autonomous okrug of Russia, administered by Perm Oblast. It was establishe ...

;

Ural Federal District Ural Federal District (russian: Ура́льский федера́льный о́круг, ''Uralsky federalny okrug'') is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its population was 12,080,523 (79.9% urban) according to the 2010 Censu ...

Sverdlovsk Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast ( rus, Свердловская область, Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as S ...

*People:

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

**Proposed state:

Ural Republic The Ural Republic (russian: Уральская Республика) was an unrecognized subject of the Russian Federation that existed from July 1, 1993 to November 9, 1993 within the boundaries of Sverdlovsk Oblast region. It was formed as a re ...

**Geography:

Chelyabinsk Oblast Chelyabinsk Oblast (russian: Челя́бинская о́бласть, ''Chelyabinskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia in the Ural Mountains region, on the border of Europe and Asia. Its administrative center is the city ...

Kurgan Oblast Kurgan Oblast (russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, ''Kurganskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. In June 2014, the population was estimated to be 874,100,Kurgan ...

Perm Krai Perm Krai (russian: Пе́рмский край, r=Permsky kray, p=ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj, ''Permsky krai'', , ''Perem lador'') is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 refe ...

Orenburg Oblast Orenburg Oblast (russian: Оренбургская область, ''Orenburgskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name ''Chkalov Oblast'' () ...

***Advocacy groups: Ural Democratic Foundation, Free Ural

Volga Federal District Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District (russian: Приво́лжский федера́льный о́круг, ''Privolzhsky federalny okrug'') is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. It forms the southeastern part of European Russia. ...

Idel-Ural Idel-Ural ( tt-Cyrl, Идел-Урал, translit=Idel-Üral, russian: Идель-Урал), literally Volga-Ural, is a historical region in Eastern Europe, in what is today Russia. The name literally means ''Volga-Urals'' in the Tatar language. T ...

*People:

Bashkirs , native_name_lang = bak , flag = File:Bashkirs of Baymak rayon.jpg , flag_caption = Bashkirs of Baymak in traditional dress , image = , caption = , population = approx. 2 million , popplace ...

, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari,

Mokshas The Mokshas (also ''Mokshans'', ''Moksha people'', in ) comprise a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They live in the Russian Federation, mostly near the Volga River and the Moksha River, a tr ...

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

Udmurts The Udmurts ( udm, Удмуртъёс, ) are a Permian ( Finnic) ethnic group in Eastern Europe, who speak the Udmurt language. In the course of history, Russian-speakers have referred to them as ' (), Otyaks, Wotyaks or Votyaks. Etymology The ...

**Proposed state: Idel-Ural Republic ***Advocacy group:

Free Idel-Ural Free Idel-Ural (russian: Свободный Идель-Урал; tt, Азат Идел-Урал; myv, Олячив Рав-Уралонь) is a civic movement of the people of Idel-Ural that aims for independence for the republics of Mordovia, ...

Tatarstan The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan (russian: Татарстан, tt ...

*People:

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

**Militant organisation:

All-Tatar Public Center The All-Tatar Public Center (ATPC); russian: Всетата́рский Обще́ственный Центр, Vsetatarskiy Obščestvenny Centr was a Tatar nationalist organization founded on 7 July 1988 to promote Tatarstan sovereignty and sel ...

***Advocacy groups: The Union of Tatar Youth, Tatar Patriotic Front Altyn Urda, Tatar Social Center ***Government in exile: Tatar Government in Exile ***Organisation: Ittifaq Party **Proposed state:

*People:

**Proposed state: ***Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia ***Advocacy groups: Udmurt Kenesh, Udmurt National Centre, Udmurt National Progress, Odmort ***Political parties: Udmurt Republican National Party, Udmurt National Progress

Bashkortostan The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkortostan ( ba, Башҡортостан Республикаһы, Bashqortostan Respublikahy; russian: Республика Башкортостан, Respublika Bashkortostan),; russian: Респу́блик� ...

*People: Bashkir **Proposed state:

***Advocacy groups: Bashkort Public Organization, Bashkir Human Rights Movement, Council of Aksakals of Bashkortostan, Bashkir Social Movement ***Political party: The Heavenly Wolf

Chuvashia Chuvashia (russian: Чувашия; cv, Чӑваш Ен), officially the Chuvash Republic — Chuvasia,; cv, Чӑваш Республики — Чӑваш Ен is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuv ...

*People: Chuvash **Proposed state:

***Movements:

Chuvash National Movement The Chuvash National Movement ( cv, Чӑваш наци юмӑхӗ) was the movement of the Chuvash people for national emancipation and equality. Spontaneous elements of the Chuvash national movement (CNM) were manifested, starting from the 16t ...

, Chuvash Republican Youth ***Organisation: Chuvash Ireklekh Society of National-Cultural Rebirth ;

Northwestern Federal District Northwestern Federal District,, ''Severo-Zapadny federalny okrug'' is one of the federal districts of Russia, eight federal districts of Russia. It covers most of Northwest Russia. Its population was 13.6 million, of which 83.5% was urban, livi ...

Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast (russian: Арха́нгельская о́бласть, ''Arkhangelskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It includes the Arctic Ocean, Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land ...

* People:

Pomors Pomors or Pomory ( rus, помо́ры, p=pɐˈmorɨ, ''seasiders'') are an ethnographic group descended from Russian settlers, primarily from Veliky Novgorod, living on the White Sea coasts and the territory whose southern border lies on a ...

**Proposed state: Pomorye/Biarmia *People: Komi **Proposed state: ***Political organisations: Komi Republican Organization ***Advocacy movements: Komi Voityr, Finno-Ugric Peoples Consultative Committee ***Organisation: Komi People's Congress *People:

Karelians Karelians ( krl, karjalaižet, karjalazet, karjalaiset, Finnish: , sv, kareler, karelare, russian: Карелы) are a Finnic ethnic group who are indigenous to the historical region of Karelia, which is today split between Finland and Russi ...

Vepsians Veps, or Vepsians ( Veps: ''vepsläižed''), are a Finnic people who speak the Veps language, which belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. According to the 2002 census, there were 8,240 Veps in Russia. Of the 281 Veps in Ukraine, ...

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

Finns Finns or Finnish people ( fi, suomalaiset, ) are a Baltic Finnic ethnic group native to Finland. Finns are traditionally divided into smaller regional groups that span several countries adjacent to Finland, both those who are native to these ...

**Proposed state:

Karelia Karelia ( Karelian and fi, Karjala, ; rus, Каре́лия, links=y, r=Karélija, p=kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə, historically ''Korjela''; sv, Karelen), the land of the Karelian people, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for ...

***Political organisation: Karelian Republican Movement ***Advocacy movements: Stop the Occupation of Karelia, Free Karelia, Karelian National Movement

Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Oblast (russian: Калинингра́дская о́бласть, translit=Kaliningradskaya oblast') is the westernmost federal subject of Russia. It is a semi-exclave situated on the Baltic Sea. The largest city and administr ...

* People:

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Ce ...

Lithuanians Lithuanians ( lt, lietuviai) are a Baltic ethnic group. They are native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,378,118 people. Another million or two make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Uni ...

, Old Prussian Descendants ** Proposed state:

Kaliningrad Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...

Baltic Republic, Land of

Amber Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

(Yantarny Krai) *** Political organisations: Kaliningrad Public Movement

Leningrad Oblast Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, a ...

*People:

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

Izhorians The Izhorians (russian: Ижо́ра; ижо́рцы; fi, inkerikot; et, isurid; sg. ''ižoralain'', ''inkeroin'', ''ižora'', ''ingermans'', ''ingers'', ''ingrian'', pl. ''ižoralaizet''), along with the Votes, are a Finnic indigenous peopl ...

Ingrians The Ingrians ( fi, inkeriläiset, ; russian: Ингерманландцы, translit=Ingermanlandts'i), sometimes called Ingrian Finns, are the Finnish people, Finnish population of Ingria (now the central part of Leningrad Oblast in Russia), des ...

, Votes **Proposed state: ***Advocacy movement: Free Ingria

Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan Oblast (russian: Астраха́нская о́бласть, ''Astrakhanskaya oblast'', , ''Astrakhan oblysy'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southern Russia. Its administrative center ...

* People:

Astrakhan Tatars Astrakhan Tatars ( tt-Latn, Əsterxan tatarları, Əsterhan tatarlary, Ashtarkhan tatarları) are an Ethnic group, ethnic subgroup of the Volga Tatar. In the 15th to 17th-centuries, the Astrakhan Tatars inhabited the Astrakhan Khanate (1459–15 ...

Kazakhs The Kazakhs (also spelled Qazaqs; Kazakh: , , , , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian; russian: казахи) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group native to northern parts of Central Asia, chiefly Kazakhstan, but also parts o ...

Kalmyks The Kalmyks ( Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, ''Xaľmgud'', Mongolian: Халимагууд, ''Halimaguud''; russian: Калмыки, translit=Kalmyki, archaically anglicised as ''Calmucks'') are a Mongolic ethnic group living mainly in Russia, w ...

Nogais The Nogais ( Nogai: Ногай, , Ногайлар, ) are a Turkic ethnic group who live in the North Caucasus region. Most are found in Northern Dagestan and Stavropol Krai, as well as in Karachay-Cherkessia and Astrakhan Oblast; some als ...

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

** Proposed state: Astrakhan Republic, Nogai Republic, Unification with

Kalmykia he official languages of the Republic of Kalmykia are the Kalmyk and Russian languages./ref> , official_lang_list= Kalmyk , official_lang_ref=Steppe Code (Constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia, Article 17: he official languages of the ...

*** Advocacy movements: Free Nogai El,

Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress The Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress (), also known as the ''Chuulhn'' in Kalmyk Oirat, Kalmyk Oirat Mongolian, is an unregistered organization claiming to represent the Kalmyks, Kalmyk people or broadly people of Kalmykia. History While the org ...

Republic of Kalmykia he official languages of the Republic of Kalmykia are the Kalmyk and Russian languages./ref> , official_lang_list= Kalmyk , official_lang_ref=Steppe Code (Constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia, Article 17: he official languages of the ...

*People:

**Proposed state:

***Advocacy group:

Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of t ...

*People:

Kuban Cossacks Kuban Cossacks (russian: кубанские казаки, ''kubanskiye kаzaki''; uk, кубанські козаки, ''kubanski kozaky''), or Kubanians (russian: кубанцы, ; uk, кубанці, ), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban re ...

**Proposed state:

Kuban Kuban (Russian language, Russian and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: Кубань; ady, Пшызэ) is a historical and geographical region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Pontic–Caspian steppe, ...

***Advocacy movements:

Klin-Yar Klin-Yar (or Klin-Jar) is a prehistoric and early medieval site in the North Caucasus, outside of Kislovodsk. It was first discovered in the 1980s. Archaeological excavations had uncovered settlement traces and extensive cemetery areas starting in ...

Kuban Cossack Host Kuban Cossacks (russian: кубанские казаки, ''kubanskiye kаzaki''; uk, кубанські козаки, ''kubanski kozaky''), or Kubanians (russian: кубанцы, ; uk, кубанці, ), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban re ...

, ***Political parties: Lapin

Rostov oblast Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblast, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of and a populati ...

*People:

Don Cossacks Don Cossacks (russian: Донские казаки, Donskie kazaki) or Donians (russian: донцы, dontsy) are Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don. Historically, they lived within the former Don Cossack Host (russian: До� ...

**Proposed state:

Don Republic __NOTOC__ The Don Republic (russian: Донская Республика, later known as the Almighty Don Host, or russian: Всевеликое Войско Донское, ''Vsevelikoye Voysko Donskoye'') was an independent self-proclaimed anti- ...

Stavropol Krai Stavropol Krai (russian: Ставропо́льский край, r=Stavropolsky kray, p=stəvrɐˈpolʲskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (a Krais of Russia, krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the North ...

* People: Terek Cossaks **Proposed state: Terek Cossak State * People:

Crimean Tatars , flag = Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg , flag_caption = Flag of Crimean Tatars , image = Love, Peace, Traditions.jpg , caption = Crimean Tatars in traditional clothing in front of the Khan's Palace ...

** Proposed: autonomy within unitary *** Political organisations:

Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People The Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People ( crh, Къырымтатар Миллий Меджлиси - ''Qırımtatar Milliy Meclisi'') is the single highest executive-representative body of the Crimean Tatars in period between sessions of the Q ...

Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People The Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People is a national congress and the supreme representative plenipotentiary body of the Crimean Tatar people.North Caucasian Federal District North Caucasian Federal District (russian: Се́веро-Кавка́зский федера́льный о́круг, ''Severo-Kavkazsky federalny okrug'') is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. It is located in extreme southern Rus ...

Abazinia *People: Abazins **Proposed state: Abazinia **Geograpgy: Abazinia, including all ethnic Abazin parts and/or districts of

Karachay-Cherkessia The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (russian: Карача́ево-Черке́сская Респу́блика, ''Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika''; krc, Къарачай-Черкес Республика, ''Qaraçay-Çerkes Respublika''; Cir ...

and

Kabardino-Balkaria The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, ''Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika''; kbd, Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, ''Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublik� ...

or solely the rural locality of

Psyzh Psyzh (russian: Псыж; abq, Псыжв) is a rural locality (an ''aul'') in Abazinsky District of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia. Population: Demographics In 2002, the population mainly comprised the following ethnic groups: * Abazi ...

***Advocacy groups: Abaza Adkilra, Abaza Yurdu, Abzanhara, Unity (Adgylara) *** Organisation: World Congress of Abkhaz-Abazin People *People:

Chechens The Chechens (; ce, Нохчий, , Old Chechen: Нахчой, ''Naxçoy''), historically also known as ''Kisti'' and ''Durdzuks'', are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus in Eastern Europe. "Europ ...

** Proposed state:

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (; ce, Нохчийн Республик Ичкери, Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri; russian: Чеченская Республика Ичкерия; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI") was a ''de facto'' state that ...

(government in exile) ( Proposed to be recognized by UN member:

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

) *** Militant organisation:

Chechen separatists The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (; ce, Нохчийн Республик Ичкери, Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri; russian: Чеченская Республика Ичкерия; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI") was a ''de facto'' state that ...

***Political parties: Vainakh Democratic Party, Party of National Independence,

All-National Congress of the Chechen People The All-National Congress of the Chechen People (NCChP) of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria came to power on 1 November 1991 under president Dzhokhar Dudayev, a former commander of the Soviet air force base in Tartu, Estonia. Since its formatio ...

Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus The Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (russian: Конфедерация горских народов Кавказа) (until 1991 known as Assembly of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus) was a militarised political organisation i ...

* People:

Peoples of the Caucasus The peoples of the Caucasus, or Caucasians, are a diverse group comprising more than 50 ethnic groups throughout the Caucasus. By language group Language families indigenous to the Caucasus Caucasians who speak languages which have lo ...

** Proposed state:

** Geography:

North Caucasian Federal District North Caucasian Federal District (russian: Се́веро-Кавка́зский федера́льный о́круг, ''Severo-Kavkazsky federalny okrug'') is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. It is located in extreme southern Rus ...

(excluding

), Adyghea,

Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which vi ...

and

South Ossetia South Ossetia, ka, სამხრეთი ოსეთი, ( , ), officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated populat ...

*** Militant organisation:

Circassia Circassia (; also known as Cherkessia in some sources; ady, Адыгэ Хэку, Адыгей, lit=, translit=Adıgə Xəku, Adıgey; ; ota, چرکسستان, Çerkezistan; ) was a country and a historical region in the along the northeast ...

*People:

Circassians The Circassians (also referred to as Cherkess or Adyghe; Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэхэр, romanized: ''Adıgəxər'') are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia in ...

Cherkesogai Cherkesogai (russian: link=no, Черкесогаи), or Circassian Armenians ( hy, չերքեզահայեր ''cherk'ezahayer''; Circassian: Адыгэ-ермэлы; russian: черкесские армяне, link=no; sometimes referred to as ...

**Proposed state:

**Geography:

, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes

Adygea The Republic of Adygea (; russian: Республика Адыгея, Respublika Adygeya, p=ɐdɨˈɡʲejə; ady, Адыгэ Республик, ''Adıgə Respublik''), also known as the Adyghe Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated ...

as well as north

, north

Karachay–Cherkessia The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (russian: Карача́ево-Черке́сская Респу́блика, ''Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika''; krc, Къарачай-Черкес Республика, ''Qaraçay-Çerkes Respublika''; Cir ...

, south-east

, and south

). ***Movement: Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi; Adyghe Khase; International Circassian Association (member of

UNPO The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 in The Ha ...

)

Dagestan Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North C ...

* People:

Peoples of Dagestan Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North Ca ...

** Proposed state:

Ingushetia Ingushetia (; russian: Ингуше́тия; inh, ГӀалгӏайче, Ghalghayče), officially the Republic of Ingushetia,; inh, Гӏалгӏай Мохк, Ghalghay Moxk is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. ...

* People: Ingush ** Proposed state:

Lezgistan *People: Lezgins **Proposed state: Lezgistan **Geography: Lezgistan, including all ethnic Lezgin parts and/or districts of

***Movement: Lezgin Movement of Caucasian Albania ***Advocacy movement: Lezgin National Center ***Political party: Lezgin Patriotic Union, Lezgin flag sadval

Sadval movement ***Organisation: Federal Lezgin National Cultural Autonomy (member of

)

North Ossetia-Alania North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north'' is ...

* People:

** Proposed state:

Ossetia Ossetia ( , ; os, Ирыстон or , or ; russian: Осетия, Osetiya; ka, ოსეთი, translit. ''Oseti'') is an ethnolinguistic region located on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, largely inhabited by the Ossetians. ...

and/or unification with

and risk tensions/war with

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

to which the breakaway region is recognized as part of.

Serbia

Image Note: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

, proposed by the

League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina The League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina ( sr-cyrl, Лига социјалдемократа Војводине, Liga socijaldemokrata Vojvodine, LSV) is an autonomist political party in Serbia. Its current leader since 19 November 2022 is Bo ...

in 1999 – the map also includes an autonomous

Sandžak Sandžak (; sh, / , ; sq, Sanxhaku; ota, سنجاق, Sancak), also known as Sanjak, is a historical geo-political region in Serbia and Montenegro. The name Sandžak derives from the Sanjak of Novi Pazar, a former Ottoman administrative dis ...

Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...

and the metropolitan area of Belgrade as a distinctive administrative unit as well ;Autonomist movements

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...

* Proposals for

Hungarian Regional Autonomy The Hungarian Regional Autonomy ( hu, Magyar Körzeti Önkormányzat) is the name of a proposed new administrative unit in the northern part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia. It forms a part of the political program of the Allia ...

in the northern part of Vojvodina: ** People: Hungarians of Vojvodina ** Political parties:

Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians ( hu, Vajdasági Magyar Szövetség; sr, Савез војвођанских Мађара, Savez vojvođanskih Mađara; abbr. СВМ, SVM, or VMSZ) is a regionalist political party in Serbia representing th ...

Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians (, VMDP, , DSVM) is a political party in Serbia representing the Hungarian minority. It advocates for a "personal autonomy" for Hungarians in Vojvodina. It is led by Béla Csorba. Electoral results Parli ...

, Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians.

* People:

Bosniaks of Serbia Bosniaks ( sr, Бошњаци, Bošnjaci) are the fourth largest ethnic group in Serbia after Serbs, Hungarians and Roma, numbering 145,278 or 2.02% of the population according to the 2011 census. They are concentrated in south-western Serbia, a ...

** Proposed autonomous province:

** Advocacy groups (autonomist):

Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak The Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak ( bs, Stranka demokratske akcije Sandžaka, sr, Странка демократске акције Санџака, SDA S) is a political party in Serbia, representing the Bosniak ethnic minority conce ...

, Islamic Community in Serbia ;Breakaway state * People:

Albanians in Kosovo The Albanians of Kosovo ( sq, Shqiptarët e Kosovës, ), also commonly called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovar/Kosovan Albanians or Kosovars/Kosovans, constitute the largest ethnic group in Kosovo. Kosovo Albanians belong to the ethnic Albanian sub-gr ...

* Proposed:

Republic of Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a international recognition of Kosovo, partiall ...

, unification with ** ''De facto'' state:

( recognised by 50% of UN member states) *** Political organisation:

Government of Kosovo sr, Влада Косова / Vlada Kosova , border = , image = , caption = , date = , polity = Kosovo , address = Government Building, Pristina , leader_title = Prime Min ...

*** Movement:

Albanian nationalism in Kosovo Kosovo is the birthplace of the Albanian nationalist movement which emerged as a response to the Eastern Crisis of 1878. In the immediate aftermath of the Russo-Ottoman war, the Congress of Berlin proposed partitioning Ottoman Albanian inhabited ...

Slovakia

;Autonomist movements Southern Slovakia: * People:

** Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence, or unification with *** Political parties (autonomist):

Party of the Hungarian Community The Party of the Hungarian Community ( hu, Magyar Közösség Pártja, sk, Strana maďarskej komunity; SMK-MKP), formerly known as Party of the Hungarian Coalition ( hu, Magyar Koalíció Pártja, sk, Strana maďarskej koalície), was a politi ...

, In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.

Spain

Islas Baleares in Spain (including Canarias)

Comunidad Valenciana in Spain (including Canarias)

;Secessionist movements * People: Andalusian ** Proposed state:

Andalusia Andalusia (, ; es, Andalucía ) is the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a ...

*** Political parties (nationalist): Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas *** Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Candidatura Unitaria de Trabajadores * People: Aragonese ** Proposed state *** Socialist:

Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to sou ...

*** Federalist: Aragon **** Political party (nationalist):

Chunta Aragonesista The Chunta Aragonesista (CHA; en, Aragonese Union)Rendering the party's name has created some confusions due to the similarity with the Spanish word ''junta''. The right translation of Aragonese ''chunta'' is ''unión'' in Spanish and '' union'' ...

**** Political party (secessionist): Puyalón de Cuchas, **** Trade union
Sindicato Obrero Aragonés
(SOA) * People:

Asturians Asturians ( ast, asturianos) are a Celtic-Romance ethnic group native to the autonomous community of Asturias, in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula. Culture and society Heritage Asturians are directly descended from the Astures, who wer ...

** Proposed state: Asturias *** Political parties (autonomist):

Partíu Asturianista Partíu Asturianista (PAS) is a nationalist political party from Asturias, Spain, founded in 1985 by Xuan Xosé Sánchez Vicente. Ideology A social democratic political party, the PAS bases its Asturian nationalist ideology on Asturian history ...

, Unión Renovadora Asturiana *** Political parties (nationalist):

Unidá Unidá is an Asturian federation of parties formed by Asturian Left, members coming from Andecha Astur, and by the local parties Andecha por Carreño, Asturianistes por Nava and Asturianistes por Piloña, forming a local series of groups with th ...

, Compromisu por Asturies *** Political parties (secessionist):

Andecha Astur "socialist and nationalist flag of Asturias used by Andecha Astur Andecha Astur (Asturian language, Asturian for: ''Asturian Group'') is an Asturian nationalism, Asturian nationalist leftist political party of Spain. History The party was fou ...

*** Youth movements: Darréu *** Trade unions: Corriente Sindical d'Izquierda

Basque Country (autonomous community) The Basque Country (; eu, Euskadi ; es, País Vasco ), also called Basque Autonomous Community ( eu, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa, links=no, EAE; es, Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, links=no, CAPV), is an Autonomous communities of Spain, a ...

* People:

Basques The Basques ( or ; eu, euskaldunak ; es, vascos ; french: basques ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Bas ...

** Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – ''Euskal Herria'' *** Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party) (member of the

European Democratic Party The European Democratic Party (EDP) ( French: Parti Démocrate Européen; PDE) also known as the European Democrats, is a centrist European political party in favour of European integration. François Bayrou is the President of the party. All ...

), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member),

Bildu EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu ( en, link=yes, Basque Country Gather or Basque Country Unite) is a left-wing, Basque nationalist, pro-independence political coalition active in the Spanish autonomous communities of Basque Country, Navar ...

Eusko Abertzale Ekintza Basque Nationalist Action ( eu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza, es, Acción Nacionalista Vasca, EAE–ANV) is a Basque nationalist party based in Spain. Founded in 1930, it was the first Basque nationalist political party to exist running on a socialist ...

(Basque Nationalist Action) *** Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna,

*** Youth advocacy groups: EGI,

, Haika] (''illegalised'') Segi, Ikasle Abertzaleak Castile * People

Castilians Castilians (Spanish: ''castellanos'') are those people who live in certain former areas of the historical Kingdom of Castile, but the region's exact limits are disputed. A broader definition is to consider as Castilians the population belonging ...

** Proposed state: Castile *** Political parties (autonomist):

Castilian Party The Castilian Party (, PCAS), formerly the Party of Castile and León until 2011, is a Spanish political party resulting from the union of several Castilian nationalist and regionalist political parties from Castile and León, Madrid and Castil ...

*** Political parties (secessionist):

Izquierda Castellana The Castilian Left ( es, Izquierda Castellana, IzCa) is a leftist nationalist political movement active in the Spanish autonomous communities of Castile-La Mancha, Castile and Leon and Community of Madrid. It strives to advocate for the nationa ...

*** Youth movements: Yesca * People:

Canarians Canary Islanders, or Canarians ( es, canarios), are a Romance people and ethnic group. They reside on the Canary Islands, an autonomous community of Spain near the coast of northwest Africa, and descend from a mixture of European settlers and ab ...

** Proposed state: Republic of the Canary Islands *** Political parties (autonomist):

Coalición Canaria The Canarian Coalition ( es, Coalición Canaria, CC) is a regionalist, Canarian nationalist political party in Spain operating in the Canary Islands. The party's aim is for greater autonomy for the islands but not independence. It has been labe ...

Partido Nacionalista Canario The Nationalist Canary Party (PNC) is a nationalist political party in the Canary Islands. Its current headquarters are in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife. Precedents The first PNC (CNP) was founded in Havana, Cuba on 30 January 1924, by Jose G ...

, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias *** Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo ***Trade union:

Intersindical Canaria ''Intersindical Canaria'' is a left-wing nationalist trade union movement in the Canary Islands. History ''Intersindical Canaria'' was founded in 1994, through the merger of ''Confederación Autónoma Nacionalista de Canarias'' (CANC), '' Sindica ...

*** Youth movement:

Azarug Azarug Is a leftist youth organization of the Canary Islands founded in 1992 that seeks the independence of the archipelago. It defines itself as a leftist revolutionary pro-independence organization. Its principles include anti-imperialism, ...

* People:

Catalans Catalans (Catalan language, Catalan, French language, French and Occitan language, Occitan: ''catalans''; es, catalanes, Italian language, Italian: ''catalani'', sc, cadelanos) are a Romance languages, Romance ethnic group native to Cataloni ...

** Proposal state:

Catalan Republic Catalan Republic or Catalan State refers to Catalonia at various times when it was proclaimed either an independent republic or as a republic within a Spanish federal republic: * Catalan Republic (1641), a proclaimed independent state under French ...

–

Catalan Countries The Catalan Countries ( ca, països catalans, , ) refers to those territories where the Catalan language is spoken. They include the Spanish regions of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, Valencian Community, Valencia, and parts of Aragon (''La F ...

(i.e. including other Catalan-speaking areas) *** Political parties (independentist):

Republican Left of Catalonia The Republican Left of Catalonia ( ca, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC; ; generically branded as ) is a Catalan independence movement, pro-Catalan independence, social democracy, social-democratic List of political parties in Catalonia, p ...

(33/135), Together for Catalonia (32/135),

Popular Unity Candidacy The Popular Unity Candidacy ( ca, Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, , CUP) is a left-wing to far-left pro- Catalan independence political party active primarily in Catalonia, where it has political representation, but also in other autonomous communit ...

(9/135), supported by other small parties and civil organisations Corròp *** Political parties (autonomist):

Catalunya en Comú–Podem Catalunya en Comú–Podem ( en, "Catalonia in Common–We Can", CatComú–Podem), alternatively spelled out as Catalunya–En Comú Podem ( en, "Catalonia–In Common We Can", CatECP), was a left-wing and self-governance electoral and parliamen ...

(8/135) *** Civil organisations:

Assemblea Nacional Catalana The Assemblea Nacional Catalana ("Catalan National Assembly"; ANC by its Catalan acronym) is an organization that seeks the political independence of Catalonia from Spain. It also promotes the independence of other Catalan-speaking regions, whic ...

Òmnium Cultural Òmnium Cultural () is a Catalan association based in Barcelona, Catalonia. It was originally created in the 1960s to promote the Catalan language and spread Catalan culture. Over the years it has increased its involvement in broader political is ...

Association of Municipalities for Independence The Association of Municipalities for Independence ( ca, Associació de Municipis per la Independència) is a Catalan organization of town councils and other administration entities created with the goal of achieving the independence of Catalonia ...

, Procés Constituent, Catalunya Acció, Sobirania i Progrés,

Committees for the Defense of the Republic The Committees for the Defence of the Republic ( ca, Comitès de Defensa de la República, links=no), or CDR, previously named Committees for the Defense of the Referendum, are a network of committees that function on a local, regional and national ...

, Negres Tempestes *** Trade unions:

Intersindical-CSC The Intersindical – Confederació Sindical Catalana (or simply Intersindical-CSC) is an independentist trade union from Catalonia, founded in 1990. It is a member of the World Federation of Trade Unions, the second most important internation ...

, Coordinadora Obrera Sindical *** Youth advocacy groups: Arran, La Forja, Jovent Republicà, ''Joves d'Esquerra Verda'', Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Joventut Comunista de Catalunya Galicia * People:

Galicians Galicians ( gl, galegos, es, gallegos, link=no) are a Celtic-Romance ethnic group from Spain that is closely related to the Portuguese people and has its historic homeland is Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. Two Romance l ...

** Proposed state:

Galiza Galicia (; gl, Galicia or ; es, Galicia}; pt, Galiza) is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain and nationalities and regions of Spain, historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the northwest Iberian Pen ...

, or unification with *** Political party:

Galician Nationalist Bloc The Galician Nationalist Bloc ( gl, Bloque Nacionalista Galego, BNG ) is a political alliance of left-wing Galician nationalist parties. It is self-defined as a "patriotic front". Formed in 1982, under the guidance of historical leader Xosé Man ...

(Galician Nationalist Bloc) (souveranist) (EFA member), Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood (independentist, includes the Galician Popular Front),

Compromiso por Galicia Commitment to Galicia (Spanish: ''Compromiso por Galicia'', CxG) is a Galician political party with a Galician nationalist, progressive ideology. Ideology CxG proposed to reform the Galician electoral law to create a single Galician constituen ...

(centrist federalist),

Terra Galega Terra Galega (TeGa, in English: ''Galician Land'') is a coalition of centrist and Galician nationalist political parties; it was established on November 4, 2005; but the name has been registered since May 2005. History It was formed by Centro De ...

(Centrist autonomist),

Galician Coalition Galician Coalition ( Galician: Coalición Galega, CG) is a political party in Galiza with a Galician nationalist and centrist ideology. Since 2012 CG is part of the coalition Compromiso por Galicia. History Coalition CG was born as an electoral ...

(Centrist nationalist Party) *** Unions: Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG) and

Central Unitaria de Traballadores The Central Unitaria de Traballadores (CUT, ''Workers Unitary Central'' or ''Workers Unitary Confederation'' in English language) is a Galician union created in the December 1998 after a split with the Confederación Intersindical Galega. The CU ...

(CUT) *** Youth advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, Xeira, BRIGA and Erguer-Estudantes da Galiza (students) *** Militant organisation: Resistência Galega * People: Navarran or Navarrese (a subgroup of

Basque people The Basques ( or ; eu, euskaldunak ; es, vascos ; french: basques ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Ba ...

) ** Proposed states: unification with the – '' Euskal Herria'' *** Political parties:

Geroa Bai Geroa Bai ( en, Yes to the Future) is a regional political coalition in the Chartered Community of Navarre, created for the 2011 election to the Cortes Generales. It includes the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV), Atarrabia Taldea, and the Zabal ...

Basque Nationalist Action Basque Nationalist Action ( eu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza, es, Acción Nacionalista Vasca, EAE–ANV) is a Basque nationalist party based in Spain. Founded in 1930, it was the first Basque nationalist political party to exist running on a socialist ...

Batasuna Batasuna (; en, Unity) was a Basque nationalist political party. Based mainly in Spain, it was banned in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. The party is included in the "European Unio ...

*** Militant organisations:

ETA Eta (uppercase , lowercase ; grc, ἦτα ''ē̂ta'' or ell, ήτα ''ita'' ) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the close front unrounded vowel . Originally denoting the voiceless glottal fricative in most dialects, ...

(''Euskadi Ta Askatasuna'') (ceasefire since 2011)

Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...

* People:

Valencians Valencians ( va, valencians) are the native people of the Valencian Community, in eastern Spain. Legally, Valencians are the inhabitants of the community. Since 2006, the Valencian people are officially recognised in the Valencian Statute of Au ...

– Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry) ** Proposed state: Valencian Country or unification with

*** Political parties:

Valencian Nationalist Bloc The Valencian Nationalist Bloc ( ca-valencia, Bloc Nacionalista Valencià, Bloc or ''BNV''; ) was a Valencian nationalist party in the Valencian Country, Spain. It was the largest party in the Coalició Compromís until 2021, when it was replaced ...

Initiative of the Valencian People Valencian People's Initiative (Valencian: Iniciativa del Poble Valencià, IdPV) is a Valencianist and ecosocialist political party, in the Valencian Country, Spain. IdPV is a part of the Compromís coalition. Ideology According to one of its ...

Popular Unity Candidates The Popular Unity Candidacy ( ca, Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, , CUP) is a left-wing to far-left pro-Catalan independence political party active primarily in Catalonia, where it has political representation, but also in other autonomous communiti ...

Republican Left of the Valencian Country Republican Left of the Valencian Country ( ca, Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià, ERPV) is a Valencian left nationalist and republican party. The original ERPV was founded in 1933, then disbanded in 1935. In 2000 the vacant ERPV name was t ...

, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left,

Valencian Left Valencian Left ( ca-valencia, Esquerra Valenciana) is a nationalist Valencian leftist party founded in the Valencian Community, founded in April, 1998 a group of ex-members of Unitat del Poble Valencià (Valencian People's Union) formed left this ...

*** Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists (who defend Pan-Catalanism and Fuster's theories) propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism (

Blaverism Blaverism ( ca-valencia, blaverisme, ) is a Spanish nationalist and Valencian regionalist ideology in the Valencian Community (Spain) that emerged with the Spanish transition to democracy characterised by strong anti-Catalanism, born out of its op ...

) proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain. *** Youth advocacy groups: Arran ;Autonomist movements Cartagena * Proposed: extended autonomy for Cartagena within

Murcia Murcia (, , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country. It has a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one ...

** Political party: Movimiento Ciudadano de Cartagena León * People: Leonese ** Proposed autonomous area:

Leonese region Leonese may refer to: *Leonese people *Leonese language Leonese ( ast-leo, Llionés, ast, Lleonés) is a set of vernacular Romance language varieties currently spoken in northern and western portions of the historical region of León in ...

*** Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés UPL *** Youth movements: RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa

Aran Valley Aran (; ; ) (previously officially called in Occitan Val d'Aran, Catalan: ''Vall d'Aran'', Spanish: ''Valle de Arán'') is an administrative entity (formerly considered a Comarques of Catalonia, comarca) in Lleida (province), Lleida, Catalonia, Sp ...

* People: Aranese (a subset of Gascon Occitans) ** Proposed autonomous area:

– within or unification with *** Political parties: Convergència Democràtica Aranesa, Unitat d'Aran, Partit Renovador d'Arties-Garòs, Esquèrra Republicana Occitana,

, Aran Amassa, Corròp

Sweden

Scania Scania, also known by its native name of Skåne (, ), is the southernmost of the historical provinces of Sweden, provinces (''landskap'') of Sweden. Located in the south tip of the geographical region of Götaland, the province is roughly conte ...

* Ethnocultural people: Scanians ** Proposed state:

*** Political party: Scania Party

Switzerland

File:Les districts jurassiens.png, The seven Jura districts in Switzerland File:Map Languages CH.png, The French-speaking part of Switzerland is shown in green on this map ;Autonomist movements Jura region * People: Jurassien (French-speaking) ** Proposed autonomous area: unification of the three districts of

Bernese Jura Bernese Jura (french: Jura bernois, ) is the name for the French-speaking area of the Swiss canton of Bern, and from 2010 one of ten administrative divisions of the canton. Comprising the three French-speaking districts in the northern part of the ...

and the

Laufen District Laufen District or Laufental District (french: District de Laufon) is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Laufen. Prior to 1994, it was a district of the ...

with the

Canton of Jura The Republic and Canton of Jura (french: République et canton du Jura), less formally the Canton of Jura or Canton Jura ( , ), is the newest (founded in 1979) of the 26 Swiss cantons, located in the northwestern part of Switzerland. The capita ...

*** Militant organisations: Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)

Romandy Romandy (french: Romandie or )Before World War I, the term French Switzerland (french: Suisse française) waalso used german: Romandie or , it, Romandia, rm, Romanda) is the French-speaking part of western Switzerland. In 2020, about 2 milli ...

* People: Romands (French-speaking

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina *Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses *Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internation ...

) ** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Movements:

Ticino Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...

* People: Ticinese (Italian/Lombard-speaking

) ** Proposed autonomous area: unification of the

Moesa Region The Moesa Region is one of the eleven administrative districts in the Canton of the Grisons (or in German: Graubünden) in Switzerland. It had an area of and a population of (as of ).. It was created on 1 January 2017 as part of a reorganizati ...

with

and stronger bonds with

Lombardy Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...

*** Political parties: Lega Sud Ticino

Ukraine

and * People:

Russians in Ukraine Russians are the largest ethnic minority in Ukraine. This community forms the largest single Russian community outside of Russia in the world. In the 2001 Ukrainian census, 8,334,100 identified as ethnic Russians (17.3% of the population of Ukra ...

** ''De facto'' entity: and within the *** Political organisation:

State Council of Crimea The State Council of Crimea (russian: Госуда́рственный Сове́т Респу́блики Крым, uk, Державна Рада Республіки Крим, crh, Къырым Джумхуриетининъ Девлет Ш ...

Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol The Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol (russian: link=no, Законодательное собрание города Севастополя) is the regional parliament of Sevastopol. It ''de facto'' replaced the Sevastopol City Council after ...

* People:

** Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary *** Political organisations:

Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People The Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People is a national congress and the supreme representative plenipotentiary body of the Crimean Tatar people.Russians in Ukraine Russians are the largest ethnic minority in Ukraine. This community forms the largest single Russian community outside of Russia in the world. In the 2001 Ukrainian census, 8,334,100 identified as ethnic Russians (17.3% of the population of Ukra ...

** ''De facto'' entity: , ( illegaly annexed by russia) *** Political organisations:

People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic The People's Council (russian: Народный Совет, Narodny Sovet), formerly the Supreme Council (russian: Высший Совет, Vysshy Sovet), is the regional parliament of the Donetsk People's Republic, a disputed entity annexed as ...

, People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic *** paramilitary organisation:

Russian people's militias in Ukraine The Donetsk People's Militia and Luhansk People's Militia (formerly also called Russian separatist forces in Donbas) are pro-Russian paramilitaries in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, which have been fighting the Armed Forces of Ukraine in ...

Odessa People's Republic * Proposed: unification with / * Political organisations:

Volodymyr Saldo Bloc The Volodymyr Saldo Bloc (, , abbr. БВС or BVS) was a minor Regionalism (politics), regionalist political party in the Kherson Oblast in Ukraine headed by Volodymyr Saldo. The party was founded in 2019 and won 5 seats in the Kherson Oblast Cou ...

, Derzhava,

Opposition Bloc russian: Оппозиционный блок , colorcode = , logo = Opposition Bloc.png , logo_size = 240px , leader1_title = Chairman , leader1_name = Rinat Akhmetov (one wing)Dmytro Firtash & Yuriy Boyko ( ...

* Military organisation:

Russian Ground Forces The Russian Ground Forces (russian: Сухопутные войска �ВSukhoputnyye voyska V}), also known as the Russian Army (, ), are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces. The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces ...

Flag of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast

Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Flag_of_Kherson_Oblast_(Russia)

Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, Flag of Russian occupied Kharkiv Oblast

Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast * People: Local Collaborators,

** ''De facto'' states:
Flag_of_Kherson_Oblast_(Russia)

Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast,
Flag of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast

Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Flag of Russian occupied Kharkiv Oblast

Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast *** Proposed: unification with *** Political organisations:

, Derzhava,

*** Military organisation:

Carpathian Ruthenia Carpathian Ruthenia ( rue, Карпатьска Русь, Karpat'ska Rus'; uk, Закарпаття, Zakarpattia; sk, Podkarpatská Rus; hu, Kárpátalja; ro, Transcarpatia; pl, Zakarpacie); cz, Podkarpatská Rus; german: Karpatenukrai ...

* People:

Hungarians in Ukraine The Hungarians in Ukraine ( hu, Ukrajnai magyarok, uk, угорці в Україні, tr. ''uhortsi v Ukraini'') number 156,600 people according to the Ukrainian census of 2001 and are the third largest national minority in the country. Hung ...

The flag of the Ruhenian Ethnic Minority Council

Rusyns Rusyns (), also known as Carpatho-Rusyns (), or Rusnaks (), are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group from the Carpathian Rus', Eastern Carpathians in Central Europe. They speak Rusyn language, Rusyn, an East Slavic languages, East Slavi ...

** Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary or unification with ** Political organisations: " Subcarpathian republican party", "

", "Derzhava", " World Congress of Rusyns", "

"," Russkiy dom", " Subcarpathian Ruthenia movement" "

Russkiy Mir Foundation Alexander Mirzayan presenting the foundation in August 2015 (Eastern Ukraine) Russkiy Mir Foundation (russian: Фонд "Русский мир", literally "Russian World Foundation") was created by decree by Vladimir Putin in 2007, as a governme ...

", " Association of Zakarpattia democrats", and other pro-Russian organizations. "Rusyn separatist movement" led by the Orthodox priest

Dimitry Sydor Dmytro Dmytrovych Sydor ( uk, Дмитро Дмитрович Сидор, also known as Pop Sydor ( uk, піп Сидір, links=no), born March 29, 1955, in Mukachevo Raion) is a Rusyns, Rusyn archpriest of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Uzhh ...

(now Archbishop of Uzhorod, in the

Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) The Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( uk, Українська православна церква, Ukrainska pravoslavna tserkva; russian: Украинская православная церковь, Ukrainskaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', UOC), common ...

)

United Kingdom

;Major movements * People:

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

** Proposed state: *** Political parties:

English Democrats The English Democrats is a right-wing to far-right, English nationalist political party active in England. A minor party, it currently has no elected representatives at any level of UK government. The English Democrats were established in 20 ...

English Democrats seek independence for England
BBC News. Retrieved 27 February 2016.

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...

* People:

Irish Irish may refer to: Common meanings * Someone or something of, from, or related to: ** Ireland, an island situated off the north-western coast of continental Europe ***Éire, Irish language name for the isle ** Northern Ireland, a constituent unit ...

Northern Irish Northern Irish people is a demonym for all people born in Northern Ireland or people who are entitled to reside in Northern Ireland without any restriction on their period of residence. Most Northern Irish people either identify as Northern ...

(Nationalists) ** Proposed state: Re-unification with *** Political parties:

Sinn Féin Sinn Féin ( , ; en, " eOurselves") is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active throughout both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Gri ...

Fianna Fáil Fianna Fáil (, ; meaning 'Soldiers of Destiny' or 'Warriors of Fál'), officially Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party ( ga, audio=ga-Fianna Fáil.ogg, Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach), is a conservative and Christian- ...

Éirígí Éirígí (), officially Éirígí For A New Republic, is a socialist republican political party in Ireland. The party name, , means "Arise" or "Rise Up" in Irish, and is a reference to the slogan "The great only appear great because we are on ...

Social Democratic and Labour Party The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) ( ga, Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre) is a social-democratic and Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland. The SDLP currently has eight members in the Northern Ireland ...

Aontú Aontú (; "Unite") is an all-Ireland political party that was formally launched in January 2019, and operates in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Ideologically, Aontú is opposed to abortion and combines elements of social con ...

People Before Profit People Before Profit ( ga, Pobal Roimh Bhrabús, PBP) is a left-wing to far-left Trotskyist political party formed in October 2005. It is active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. History PBP was established in 2005 as t ...

Communist Party of Ireland The Communist Party of Ireland (CPI; ga, Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann) is an all-Ireland Marxist–Leninist communist party, founded in 1933 and re-founded in 1970. It rarely contests elections and has never had electoral success. The part ...

Irish Republican Socialist Party The Irish Republican Socialist Party or IRSP ( ga, Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisialach na hÉireann) is a Marxist-Leninist and republican party in Ireland. It is often referred to as the "political wing" of the Irish National Liberation Army (I ...

Republican Network for Unity The Republican Network for Unity () is a small Irish republican political party. It was formed in 2007 in opposition to the Sinn Féin special Ard Fheis's vote of support for the Police Service of Northern Ireland. A number of commentators vie ...

Socialist Workers Network The Socialist Workers Network (SWN) is an Irish Trotskyist organisation. It was founded in 1971 as the Socialist Workers Movement (SWM), before becoming the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in 1995. The SWP was a founding member of People Before ...

, Workers Party of Ireland *** Militant organisations: RIRA, CIRA * People: Scots ** Proposed state: *** Political parties:

Scottish National Party The Scottish National Party (SNP; sco, Scots National Pairty, gd, Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba ) is a Scottish nationalist and social democratic political party in Scotland. The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence from ...

(EFA member),

Scottish Greens The Scottish Greens (also known as the Scottish Green Party; gd, Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba ; sco, Scots Green Pairtie) are a green political party in Scotland. The party has seven MSPs in the Scottish Parliament as of May 2021. As of the 20 ...

Scottish Socialist Party The Scottish Socialist Party (SSP; gd, Pàrtaidh Sòisealach na h-Alba; sco, Scots Socialist Pairtie) is a left-wing political party campaigning for the establishment of an independent socialist Scotland. The party was founded in 1998. It c ...

Action for Independence Action for Independence (AFI) was a political party in Scotland. It was set up in July 2020 by former Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) Dave Thompson to compete at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election. Fo ...

Alba ''Alba'' ( , ) is the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland. It is also, in English language historiography, used to refer to the polity of Picts and Scottish people, Scots united in the ninth century as the Kingdom of Alba, until it developed i ...

Restore Scotland The 2021 Scottish Parliament election took place on 6 May 2021, under the provisions of the Scotland Act 1998. All 129 Member of the Scottish Parliament, Members of the Scottish Parliament were elected in the sixth election since the parliament ...

, Red Party of Scotland, Scotland's Independence Referendum Party,

Solidarity ''Solidarity'' is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. It is based on class collaboration.''Merriam Webster'', http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictio ...

, Scotia Future,

Independence for Scotland Party The Independence for Scotland Party (ISP) (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrtaidh Neo-eisimeileachd do dh'Alba) is a political party in Scotland which supports Scottish independence within the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). History The party was ...

Scottish Libertarian Party , headquarters = 49 John Finnie StreetKilmarnockKA1 1NN , party_articletitle = , logo = , leader1_title = Deputy Leader , leader1_name = Calum “Caz” Paul , colours = Buff and blue , seats3_title ...

, Scottish Democratic Alliance,

Siol nan Gaidheal Siol nan Gaidheal (, meaning "Seed of the Gaels") is a minor Scottish ultranationalist and ethnic nationalist group which describes itself as a "cultural and fraternal organisation". The first incarnation of the group was founded by Tom Moore in ...

*** Advocacy groups:

Scottish Independence Convention The Scottish Independence Convention (SIC) is a cross-party, non-partisan group with the aim of bringing together pro-independence parties, groups and organisations to promote the concept and ideals of an independent Scotland. The current conven ...

( Common Weal, People's Voice, Scottish CND, Voice for Scotland,

Women for Independence Women for Independence is a grass-roots political organisation which seeks to improve the representation of women in public and political life throughout Scotland. Founded in 2012, the movement promotes the causes of Scottish independence and othe ...

Yes Scotland Yes Scotland was the organisation representing the parties, organisations, and individuals campaigning for a ''Yes'' vote in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. It was launched on 25 May 2012 and dissolved in late 2014 after Scotland voted ...

Labour for Independence Labour for Independence was a political organisation for Scottish Labour supporters that were in favour of Scottish independence. It claimed to have 2,000 members across Scotland in June 2014. The organisation had been described as an " SNP fro ...

, Scottish Liberals for Independence * People:

Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...

** Proposed state: *** Political parties:

Gwlad Gwlad ( in Welsh) is a centre-right Welsh nationalist and pro-independence political party. Its current leader is Gwyn Wigley Evans. Background In late 2017, a preliminary meeting held by Royston Jones in Aberystwyth over the formation of a ...

Plaid Cymru Plaid Cymru ( ; ; officially Plaid Cymru – the Party of Wales, often referred to simply as Plaid) is a centre-left to left-wing, Welsh nationalist political party in Wales, committed to Welsh independence from the United Kingdom. Plaid wa ...

Propel Propel or propelling may refer to: * Propulsion, to push forward or drive an object forward * Samsung A767 Propel, a mobile phone ** Samsung i627 Propel Pro * Propel Fitness Water, a drink from the makers of Gatorade * Propel (PHP), an object-rela ...

, Plaid Glyndŵr *** Advocacy groups:

YesCymru YesCymru is a non party-political campaign for an independent Wales. The organisation was formed in the Summer of 2014 and officially launched on 20 February 2016 in Cardiff. In 2022 it became a private company limited by guarantee without sha ...

;Minor movements * People: Cornish ** Proposed state: *** Political parties:

Mebyon Kernow Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall (, MK; Cornish for ''Sons of Cornwall'') is a Cornish nationalist, centre-left political party in Cornwall, in southwestern Britain. It currently has five elected councillors on Cornwall Council, and s ...

Cornish Nationalist Party The Cornish Nationalist Party (CNP; kw, An Parti Kenethlegek Kernow) is a political party, founded by Dr James Whetter, who campaigned for independence for Cornwall. History It was formed by people who left Cornwall's main nationalist party Meb ...

* People: Londoners ** Proposed state: *** Political parties
Londependence Party

Midlands The Midlands (also referred to as Central England) are a part of England that broadly correspond to the Kingdom of Mercia of the Early Middle Ages, bordered by Wales, Northern England and Southern England. The Midlands were important in the Ind ...

* People: Midlanders ** Proposed state:

Mercia la, Merciorum regnum , conventional_long_name=Kingdom of Mercia , common_name=Mercia , status=Kingdom , status_text=Independent kingdom (527–879)Client state of Wessex () , life_span=527–918 , era=Heptarchy , event_start= , date_start= , ye ...

*** Advocacy groups: Acting Witan of Mercia, Sovereign Mercia

Northern England Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North Country, or simply the North, is the northern area of England. It broadly corresponds to the former borders of Angle Northumbria, the Anglo-Scandinavian Kingdom of Jorvik, and the ...

* Proposed state:

, under the name of

Northumbria la, Regnum Northanhymbrorum , conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Northumbria , common_name = Northumbria , status = State , status_text = Unified Anglian kingdom (before 876)North: Anglian kingdom (af ...

** Political Parties: Northern Independence Party ;Autonomist movements

Canvey Island Canvey Island is a town, civil parishes in England, civil parish and reclaimed island in the Thames estuary, near Southend-on-Sea, in the Castle Point district, in the county of Essex, England. It has an area of and a population of 38,170.Office ...

* People: Canvey Islanders ** Proposed autonomous area:

*** Political Parties: Canvey Island Independent Party * People:

** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties:

,Northern Independence Party: the new campaign for an independent North of England explained
BBC News. Retrieved 29 October 2020.

UKIP The UK Independence Party (UKIP; ) is a Eurosceptic, right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two members of Parliament and was the largest p ...

*** Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament * People: Scots ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties:

(EFA member) * People:

** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties:

(possibly including the

Isles of Scilly The Isles of Scilly (; kw, Syllan, ', or ) is an archipelago off the southwestern tip of Cornwall, England. One of the islands, St Agnes, is the most southerly point in Britain, being over further south than the most southerly point of the ...

) * People: Cornish ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties:

Green Party of England and Wales The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW; cy, Plaid Werdd Cymru a Lloegr, kw, Party Gwer Pow an Sowson ha Kembra, often simply the Green Party or Greens) is a green, left-wing political party in England and Wales. Since October 2021, Carla ...

(EFA member),

, Liberal Democrats *** Advocacy groups:

Cornish Constitutional Convention The Cornish Constitutional Convention (CCC; kw, Senedh Kernow) was formed in November 2000 with the objective of establishing a devolved Cornish Assembly (Senedh Kernow). The convention is a cross-party, cross-sector association with support both ...

Cornwall 2000 John Angarrack is a Cornwall, Cornish Cornish self-government movement, nationalist who campaigns for greater recognition of Cornish people, Cornish identity and is a self-published author on Cornish affairs. His campaign to revive Cornish cultur ...

Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament The Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament ( Cornish: ''Seneth Stenegow Kernow''), is a pressure group which claimed to be a revival of the historic Cornish Stannary Parliament last held in 1753. It was established in 1974 and campaigned, up unti ...

Wessex Constitutional Convention The Wessex Constitutional Convention is an all-party pressure group, in the United Kingdom, devoted to pursuing a degree of self-government for Wessex. It has the following stated aims: # To achieve the broadest consensus on the form of self-gove ...

* People: People of Shetland ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Advocacy group:

Wir Shetland Wir Shetland was a short-lived pressure group that demanded greater autonomy for Shetland, an archipelago of Scotland. It was launched in October 2015, and campaigned for British Crown Dependency status for Shetland, which would separate it from ...

* People: People of Yorkshire ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties:

Yorkshire Party The Yorkshire Party is a regionalist political party in Yorkshire, a historic county of England. Founded in 2014, it campaigns for the establishment of a devolved Yorkshire Parliament within the UK, with powers over education, environment, tran ...

*** Advocacy group: Yorkshire Devolution Movement

North East England North East England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes. The region has three current administrative levels below the region level in the region; combined authority, unitary authorit ...

* People: People of North East England ** Proposed autonomous area: North East England *** Political parties:

North East Party The North East Party (NEP) is a regionalist political party in North East England founded in 2014 by 16 people including the former Labour MP Hilton Dawson and 7 members of the FAIR party. The party campaigns for a better deal for North East En ...

* Ethnic group: People of Wessex ** Proposed: autonomy for

Wessex la, Regnum Occidentalium Saxonum , conventional_long_name = Kingdom of the West Saxons , common_name = Wessex , image_map = Southern British Isles 9th century.svg , map_caption = S ...

*** Political party: Wessex Regionalists *** Advocacy group:

;Independence movements of dependent territories * People: Manx * Proposed State: ** Political party:

Mec Vannin () is a political party operating in the Isle of Man. Formed in 1962, it seeks to revoke the status of Man as a British self-governing Crown dependency and establish a completely sovereign state, which would be a republic. It describes its a ...

** Advocacy group: ;Autonomist movements of dependent territories * People: Vaques * Proposed State: **Advocacy group:

States of Alderney The States of Alderney (French: ''États d'Aurigny'') is the parliament/council and the legislature of Alderney, part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. The origin of the States is unknown, but has operated from the medieval period. The States of A ...

References

External links

*.
From Spain to Iraq, states have to see that suppressing secession won't workDisintegration of Britain and Spain both possible
{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In Europe, List Of Separatist Movements, Active, List Of Separatist Movements, Active

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Separatist Movements in Europe, Active

Azerbaijan

Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Georgia

Germany

Italy

Kosovo

Lithuania

Malta

Moldova

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Serbia

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

See also

References

External links