This is a list of vascular plants that are indigenous to, or naturalised on,

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...

. The list is based on the most recent authoritative treatment of Norfolk Island, the 1994 ''

Flora of Australia The flora of Australia comprises a vast assemblage of plant species estimated to over 30,000 vascular and 14,000 non-vascular plants, 250,000 species of fungi and over 3,000 lichens. The flora has strong affinities with the flora of Gondwana, ...

'' 49. That source is dated in places; for example its classification of the

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s uses the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) a ...

, aspects of which are no longer accepted. This list therefore differs from the ''Flora of Australia'' treatment in several areas; these are footnoted.

List of flora of Norfolk Island

Norfolk Island has 523 taxa of vascular plants, 136 of which are indigenous, and 387 naturalised. Forty-four of the indigenous taxa are endemic. There are two endemic genera, ''

Ungeria ''Ungeria'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It just contains one species, ''Ungeria floribunda'' Schott & Endl. It is also in the Helicteroideae subfamily and Helictereae tribe. Its native range is Nor ...

'' and ''

Streblorrhiza ''Streblorrhiza speciosa'' was a perennial shrub endemic to Phillip Island. A species of legume in the family Fabaceae, and the sole species of the genus ''Streblorrhiza'', it is now presumed extinct. The plant was first described by Stephan E ...

''.

Eudicotyledon The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons. Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots ...
s

The

eudicot The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons. Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicot ...

s''Flora of Australia'' uses Cronquist's Dicotyledonae, but this is no longer considered a "good" group; here we use the

group. are represented on Norfolk Island by 75 families, 220 genera, and 287 species. ;

Acanthaceae Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in te ...

* ''

Hypoestes phyllostachya ''Hypoestes phyllostachya'', the polka dot plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to South Africa, Madagascar, and south east Asia. The spots often merge into larger areas of colour. The genus name ''Hypoestes'' ...

'' * '' Ruellia ciliosa'' (Naturalised)These taxa did not appear in ''Flora of Australia'', but were reported as new records for Norfolk Island in de Lange ''et al.'' (2005). ;

Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is d ...

* ''

Carpobrotus glaucescens ''Carpobrotus glaucescens'', commonly known as pigface or iceplant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aizoaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a succulent, prostrate plant with stems up to long, glaucous leaves, daisy-li ...

'' * ''

Tetragonia implexicoma ''Tetragonia implexicoma'', commonly known as bower spinach, is a species of plant in the Aizoaceae, or ice-plant family (biology), family. A similar species is ''Tetragonia tetragonioides'', however this species has larger leaves and a shorter f ...

'' * ''

Tetragonia tetragonioides ''Tetragonia tetragonioides'', commonly called New Zealand spinach, Warrigal greens and other local names, is a flowering plant in the fig-marigold family (Aizoaceae). It is often cultivated as a leafy vegetable. It is a widespread species, nat ...

'' ;

Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...

''Flora of Australia'' listed a number of species under family

Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...

''; these are here listed under

in accordance with the

APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gro ...

. * ''

Achyranthes arborescens ''Achyranthes arborescens'' (common names - Chaff tree, Soft-wood) is a plant in the Amaranthaceae family endemic to Norfolk Island. It is a critically endangered species under the Australian Federal government's Environment Protection and Biodiv ...

'' (Endemic) * ''

Achyranthes aspera ''Achyranthes aspera'' (common names: chaff-flower, prickly chaff flower, devil's horsewhip, Sanskrit: अपामार्ग ''apāmārga'') is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropical world. I ...

'' * '' Achyranthes margaretarum'' (Endemic)'' Achyranthes margaretarum'' is a new species that was split off from '' A. arborescens'' in 2001. * ''

Alternanthera sessilis ''Alternanthera sessilis'' is a flowering plant known by several common names, including sissoo spinach, Brazilian spinach, sessile joyweed and dwarf copperleaf. It is cultivated as a vegetable worldwide. Distribution The plant occurs throughout ...

'' (Possibly indigenous) * ''

Amaranthus blitum ''Amaranthus blitum'', commonly called purple amaranth or Guernsey pigweed, is an annual plant species in the economically important plant family Amaranthaceae. Description ''Amaranthus blitum'' is an erect or semi-prostrate annual plant. The si ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Amaranthus hybridus ''Amaranthus hybridus'', commonly called green amaranth, slim amaranth, smooth amaranth, smooth pigweed, or red amaranth, is a species of annual flowering plant. It is a weedy species found now over much of North America and introduced into Europ ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Amaranthus viridis ''Amaranthus viridis'' is a cosmopolitan species in the botanical family Amaranthaceae and is commonly known as slender amaranth or green amaranth. Description ''Amaranthus viridis'' is an annual herb with an upright, light green stem that grows ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Atriplex cinerea ''Atriplex cinerea'', commonly known as grey saltbush, coast saltbush, barilla or ''truganini'', is a plant species in the family Amaranthaceae. It occurs in sheltered coastal areas and around salt lakes in the Australian states of Western Aust ...

''The record of ''

'' on Norfolk Island was excluded in ''Flora of Australia'', but has since been admitted. * ''

Atriplex semibaccata Atriplex semibaccata, commonly known as Australian saltbush, berry saltbush, or creeping saltbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a perennial herb native to Western Australia, South ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Chenopodium album ''Chenopodium album'' is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus ''Chenopodium''. Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed. Common names include lamb's quarters, melde, goosefoot, wild spinach and fat-h ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Chenopodium ambrosioides ''Dysphania ambrosioides'', formerly ''Chenopodium ambrosioides'', known as Jesuit's tea, Mexican-tea, ''payqu'' ''(paico)'', ''epazote'', ''mastruz'', or ''herba sanctæ Mariæ'', is an annual or short-lived perennial herb native to Central A ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Chenopodium murale ''Chenopodiastrum murale'', (Syn. ''Chenopodium murale'') is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common names nettle-leaved goosefoot, Australian-spinach, salt-green, and sowbane. This plant is native to Europe and parts o ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sarcocornia quinqueflora ''Salicornia quinqueflora'', Synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Sarcocornia quinqueflora'', commonly known as beaded samphire, bead weed, beaded glasswort or glasswort, is a species of succulent halophytic coastal shrub. It occurs in wetter coastal ar ...

'' ;

Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...

* ''

Schinus terebinthifolius ''Schinus terebinthifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to subtropical and tropical South America. Common names include Brazilian peppertree, aroeira, rose pepper, broadleaved pepper tree, ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Apiaceae Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ''Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants ...

* ''

Apium graveolens Celery (''Apium graveolens'') is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity. Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves. Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, lea ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Centella asiatica ''Centella asiatica'', commonly known as gotu kola, kodavan, Indian pennywort and Asiatic pennywort, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the flowering plant family Apiaceae. It is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, and isla ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Ciclospermum leptophyllum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Coriandrum sativum Coriander (;

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Daucus glochidiatus ''Daucus glochidiatus'', commonly known as Australian carrot, Austral carrot or native carrot, is a species of herb in the flowering plant family Apiaceae. It is native to Australia and New Zealand. Description It grows as an erect annual herb, ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Foeniculum vulgare Fennel (''Foeniculum vulgare'') is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is indigenous to the shores of the Mediterranean but has become widely naturalize ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Petroselinum crispum Parsley, or garden parsley (''Petroselinum crispum'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to the central and eastern Mediterranean region (Sardinia, Lebanon, Israel, Cyprus, Turkey, southern Italy, Greece, Por ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Torilis nodosa'' (Naturalised) ;

Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members of the ...

* '' Alyxia gynopogon'' (Endemic) * '' Melodinus baueri'' (Endemic) * ''

Vinca major ''Vinca major'', with the common names bigleaf periwinkle, large periwinkle, greater periwinkle and blue periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to the western Mediterranean. Growing to tall and spreading i ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Araliaceae The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguisha ...

* '' Delarbrea paradoxa'' (Naturalised) * '' Meryta angustifolia'' (Endemic) * '' Meryta latifolia'' (Endemic) * ''

Heptapleurum actinophyllum ''Heptapleurum actinophyllum'' (formerly ''Schefflera actinophylla'') is a tree in the family Araliaceae. It is native to tropical rainforests and gallery forests in northern and north-eastern Queensland coasts and the Northern Territory of Austr ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Tetrapanax papyrifer ''Tetrapanax papyrifer'', the rice-paper plant (''通草—tong cao''), is an evergreen shrub in the family Araliaceae, the sole species in the genus ''Tetrapanax''. The specific epithet is frequently misspelled as "papyriferum", "papyriferus", o ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Asclepiadaceae The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family. They form a group of perennial herbs, twin ...

* ''

Gomphocarpus physocarpus ''Gomphocarpus physocarpus'', commonly known as hairy balls, balloonplant, balloon cotton-bush, bishop's balls, nailhead, or swan plant, is a species of dogbane. The plant is native to southeast Africa, but it has been widely naturalized. It is ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Tylophora biglandulosa'' ;

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

* ''

Ageratina riparia ''Ageratina riparia'', commonly known as mistflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico. The species is widely adventive and has spread to Cuba, Jamaica, and other parts of the Caribbean. It has also bee ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Ageratum conyzoides ''Ageratum conyzoides'' (billygoat-weed, chick weed, goatweed, whiteweed, mentrasto) is native to Tropical America, especially Brazil, and is an invasive weed in many other regions. It is an herb that is 0.5–1 m. high, with ovate leaves 2–6&n ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Arctotheca calendula ''Arctotheca calendula'' is a plant in the Asteraceae, sunflower family commonly known as capeweed, plain treasureflower, cape dandelion, or cape marigold because it originates from the Cape Province in South Africa. It is also found in neighbor ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Argyranthemum frutescens ''Argyranthemum frutescens'', known as Paris daisy, marguerite or marguerite daisy, is a perennial plant known for its flowers. It is native to the Canary Islands (part of Spain). Hybrids derived from this species (garden marguerites) are widely ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Aster subulatus'' (Naturalised) * ''

Bidens pilosa ''Bidens pilosa'' is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Calendula officinalis ''Calendula officinalis'', the pot marigold, common marigold, ruddles, Mary's gold or Scotch marigold, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Carduus pycnocephalus ''Carduus pycnocephalus'', with common names including Italian thistle, Italian plumeless thistle, and Plymouth thistle, is a species of thistle. It is native to: the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia; East E ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Carduus tenuiflorus'' (Naturalised) * ''

Centaurea melitensis ''Centaurea melitensis'' (called Maltese star-thistle in Europe, tocalote or tocolote in western North America) is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae, high, with resin-dotted leaves and spine-tipped phyllaries. This plant is native to the ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Conyza bonariensis ''Erigeron bonariensis'' is a species of ''Erigeron'', found throughout the tropics and subtropics as a pioneer plant; its precise origin is unknown, but most likely it stems from Central America or South America. It has become naturalized in man ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Conyza sumatrensis'' (Naturalised) * ''

Cotula australis ''Cotula australis'' is a species of plant in the Asteraceae, daisy family known by the common names bachelor's buttons, annual buttonweed, southern waterbuttons and Australian waterbuttons. This small plant is native to Australia and New Zeala ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Crassocephalum crepidioides ''Crassocephalum crepidioides'', also called ebolo, thickhead, redflower ragleaf, or fireweed, is an erect annual slightly succulent herb growing up to 180 cm tall. Its use is widespread in many tropical and subtropical regions, but is espe ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Erechtites valerianifolia'' (Naturalised) * ''

Erigeron karvinskianus ''Erigeron karvinskianus'', the Mexican fleabane, is a species of daisy-like flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico and parts of Central America. Other common names include Latin American fleabane, Santa Barbara daisy, Spanis ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Euchiton involucratus'' (Naturalised)At least one putative collection of '' Euchiton involucratus'' from Norfolk Island has now been identified as '' Euchiton sphaericus''. Whether ''E. involucratus'' also occurs on Norfolk Island is now uncertain. * '' Euchiton sphaericus'' * ''

Euryops chrysanthemoides ''Euryops chrysanthemoides'' (with the common names African bush daisy or bull's-eye) is a small shrub native to Southern Africa that is also grown as a horticultural specimen in tropical to subtropical regions around the world. Description ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Erechtites hieraciifolia'' (Naturalised)A localised population of '' Erechtites hieraciifolia'' was naturalised on Norfolk Island in 1987, but the species has not been seen there since 1989. * ''

Facelis retusa ''Facelis retusa'', the annual trampweed, is a South American species flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, Chile; naturalized in parts of Africa, Australia, and North Ame ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Galinsoga parviflora ''Galinsoga parviflora'' is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae (daisy) family. It has several common names including guasca ( Colombia), pacpa yuyo, paco yuyo and waskha (Peru), burrionera (Ecuador), albahaca silvestre and saetilla (Argentina), ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Gamochaeta calviceps ''Gamochaeta calviceps'', the narrowleaf purple everlasting, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to South America and to the southeastern United States (from Texas and Oklahoma to Virginia (though not Florida). ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Gamochaeta coarctata'' (Naturalised) * ''

Gamochaeta purpurea Gamochaeta purpurea, the purple cudweed, purple everlasting, or spoonleaf purple everlasting, is a plant native to North America. Description It is a small annual herb that produces lanceolate, alternate, wooly leaves and peg-shaped flowerheads ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Hypochaeris glabra'' (Naturalised) * ''

Hypochaeris radicata ''Hypochaeris radicata'' (sometimes spelled ''Hypochoeris radicata'') – also known as catsear, flatweed, cat's-ear, hairy cat's ear, or false dandelion – is a perennial, low-lying edible herb often found in lawns. The plant is native to Eu ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Montanoa hibiscifolia ''Montanoa'' is a genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biologica ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Picris burbidgeae ''Picris'' (oxtongues) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. ''Picris'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the grass moth ''Diasemia reti ...

'' (Naturalised)''

'' was listed in ''Flora of Australia'' as '' P. hieracoides''. * ''

Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum ''Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum'', synonyms including ''Helichrysum luteoalbum'', is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. In the United Kingdom, it is known as the Jersey cudweed. Description It is an erect herbaceous biennial u ...

'' * '' Senecio australis''''Flora of Australia'' listed '' Senecio australis'' as endemic to Norfolk Island, but indigenous populations have since been found in

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

. * '' Senecio evansianus'' (Endemic) * '' Senecio hooglandia'' (Endemic) * '' Sigesbeckia orientalis'' (Naturalised) * ''

Silybum marianum ''Silybum marianum'' is a species of thistle. It has various common names including milk thistle, blessed milkthistle, Marian thistle, Mary thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, Mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle and Scotch thistle (thou ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Soliva pterosperma'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sonchus oleraceus ''Sonchus oleraceus'' is a species of flowering plant in the tribe Cichorieae of the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Western Asia. It has many common names including common sowthistle, sow thistle, smooth sow thistle, annual sow thistle, ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Tagetes minuta ''Tagetes minuta'' is a tall upright marigold plant from the genus ''Tagetes'', with small flowers, native to the southern half of South America. Since Spanish colonization, it has been introduced around the world, and has become naturalized in ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Taraxacum officinale ''Taraxacum officinale'', the dandelion or common dandelion, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the dandelion genus in the family Asteraceae (syn. Compositae). The common dandelion is well known for its yellow flower heads that turn i ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Tragopogon porrifolius ''Tragopogon porrifolius'' is a plant cultivated for its ornamental flower and edible root. It also grows wild in many places and is one of the most widely known species of the salsify genus, ''Tragopogon''. It is commonly known as purple or ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Melanthera biflora ''Melanthera biflora'' (sin. ''Wollastonia biflora'') also known as sea daisy, beach daisy and sea ox-eye, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a scandent, rough-looking and fast-growing plant with a wide distribution. ...

'' ;

Basellaceae Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera: * ''Anredera'' – 12 sp ...

* ''

Anredera cordifolia ''Anredera cordifolia'', commonly known as the Madeira-vine or mignonette vine, is a South American species of ornamental succulent vine of the family Basellaceae. The combination of fleshy leaves and thick aerial tubers makes this a very heavy ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales commonly known as the bignonias or trumpetvines.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: ...

* '' Tecomaria capensis'' (Naturalised) ;

Boraginaceae Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution. The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the order ...

* '' Cynoglossum australe'' (Naturalised) * ''

Echium plantagineum ''Echium plantagineum'', commonly known as purple viper's-bugloss or Patterson's curse, is a species of the genus ''Echium'' native to western and southern Europe (from southern England south to Iberia and east to the Crimea), northern Africa, a ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The le ...

* ''

Brassica juncea ''Brassica juncea'', commonly brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard and vegetable mustard, is a species of mustard plant. Cultivar ''Brassica juncea'' cultivars can be divided into four major subgroup ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Brassica napus Rapeseed (''Brassica napus ''subsp.'' napus''), also known as rape, or oilseed rape, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains a ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Capsella bursa-pastoris ''Capsella bursa-pastoris'', known as shepherd's purse because of its triangular flat fruits, which are purse-like, is a small annual and ruderal flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to eastern Europe and Asia minor, ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Cardamine hirsuta ''Cardamine hirsuta'', commonly called hairy bittercress, is an annual or biennial species of plant in the family Brassicaceae, and is edible as a salad green. It is common in moist areas around the world. Description Depending on the climate ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Coronopus didymus ''Lepidium didymum'', the lesser swine-cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. Description ''Lepidium didymum'' is an annual or biennial herb with decumbent or ascending and glabrous green stems, up to long, radiatin ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Lepidium bonariense ''Lepidium'' is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family, Brassicaceae. The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia.Lobularia maritima ''Lobularia maritima'' ( syn. ''Alyssum maritimum'') is a species of low-growing flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. Its common name is sweet alyssum or , also commonly referred to as just alyssum (from the genus ''Alyssum'' in which it ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Matthiola incana ''Matthiola incana'' is a species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. Common names include Brompton stock, common stock, hoary stock, ten-week stock, and gilly-flower. The common name stock usually refers to this species, thou ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Rapistrum rugosum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress or yellowcress (''Nasturtium officinale'') is a species of aquatic plant, aquatic flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. Watercress is a rapidly growing perennial plant native to Europe and Asia. It is one of the oldest ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sisymbrium officinale ''Sisymbrium officinale'', the hedge mustard, (formerly ''Erysimum officinale'') is a plant in the family Brassicaceae. Description It is distinct from the mustard plants which belong to the genus ''Brassica''. ''S. officinale'' is similar to ot ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sisymbrium orientale ''Sisymbrium orientale'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names Indian hedgemustard and eastern rocket. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and it can be found throughout much of the temp ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name ''Caesalpinia''. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae ar ...

* ''

Caesalpinia bonduc ''Guilandina bonduc'', commonly known as grey nicker, nicker bean,Caesalpinia decapetala ''Biancaea decapetala'', commonly known as shoofly, Mauritius or Mysore thorn or the cat's claw, is a tropical tree species originating in India. Introduced range ''B. decapetala'' has been introduced to Fiji, French Polynesia, Hawai‘i, New C ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Caesalpinia major ''Caesalpinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. Historically, membership within the genus has been highly variable, with different publications including anywhere from 70 to 165 species, depending largely on the inclusion o ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Chamaecrista rotundifolia'' (Naturalised) * ''

Senna septemtrionalis ''Senna septemtrionalis'', the arsenic bush, is a plant species in the genus '' Senna''. See also * List of vascular plants of Norfolk Island (Naturalised) References External links septemtrionalis Plants described in 1802 {{Caes ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Campanulaceae The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belon ...

* '' Lobelia anceps'' * '' Pratia purpurascens'' (Naturalised) * '' Wahlenbergia gracilis'' * ''Wahlenbergia littoricola'' subsp. ''vernicosa'' * '' Wahlenbergia violaceae'' (Status uncertain, most likely naturalised) ;

Cannabaceae Cannabaceae is a small family (biology), family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including ''Cannabis'' (hemp), ''H ...

Celtis paniculata ''Celtis paniculata'', commonly known as tripewood, silky keltis, silky celtis, native hackberry, native celtis, Investigator tree or whitewood, is a rainforest tree native to parts of Malesia, Melanesia and Australia. Description The tree g ...

'' was treated under

Ulmaceae The Ulmaceae () are a family of flowering plants that includes the elms (genus ''Ulmus''), and the zelkovas (genus ''Zelkova''). Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution e ...

in ''Flora of Australia''; it is here treated as

in accordance with the APG II system. * ''

'' ;

Capparaceae The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are '' Capparis'' (about ...

* '' Capparis nobilis'' (Endemic) ;

Caprifoliaceae The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and ea ...

* ''

Lonicera japonica ''Lonicera japonica'', known as Japanese honeysuckle and golden-and-silver honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle native to eastern Asia. It is often grown as an ornamental plant, but has become an invasive species in a number of countries. Jap ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...

* ''Cerastium fontanum'' subsp. ''vulgare'' (Naturalised) * ''

Cerastium glomeratum ''Cerastium glomeratum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names sticky mouse-ear chickweed and clammy chickweed. It is probably native to Eurasia but it is known on most continents as an introduced ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Paronychia brasiliana'' (Naturalised) * '' Petrorhagia velutina'' (Naturalised) * ''

Polycarpon tetraphyllum ''Polycarpon tetraphyllum'', commonly known as four-leaved allseed (also fourleaf allseed or fourleaf manyseed), is a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae. An annual herb growing to 15 cm in height, it is found on sandy soils, in coastal area ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sagina apetala ''Sagina apetala'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names annual pearlwort and dwarf pearlwort. It is native to Europe and it is known elsewhere as an introduced species, including parts of North Am ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Silene gallica ''Silene gallica'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by several common names, including common catchfly, small-flowered catchfly, and windmill pink. It is native to Eurasia and North Africa, but it can be found t ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Stellaria media ''Stellaria media'', chickweed, is an annual and perennial flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae.Fernald, M. L. 1950. “Gray's Manual of Botany”. Eight Edition. American Book Company, New York, NY. 1632 pp. It is native to Euras ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacifi ...

* ''

Casuarina glauca ''Casuarina glauca'', commonly known as the swamp she-oak, swamp oak, grey oak, or river oak, is a species of ''Casuarina'' native to the east coast of Australia. It is found from central Queensland south to southern New South Wales. It has becom ...

'' ;

Celastraceae The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 97 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the staf ...

* ''

Elaeodendron curtipendulum ''Elaeodendron'' is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. Selected species * ''Elaeodendron australe'' Vent. * '' Elaeodendron croceum'' (Thunb.) DC. * ''Elaeodendron curtipendulum'' Endl. * ''Elaeodendron glaucum'' ...

'' ;

Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several spec ...

* ''

Calystegia affinis ''Calystegia affinis'' is a critically endangered species of climbing or creeping vine in the plant family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. In 2003 only about 45 mature plants were known, with about 40 of tho ...

'' (Endemic) * ''

Calystegia soldanella The morning glory ''Calystegia soldanella'' (syn. ''Convolvulus soldanella'') is a species of bindweed known by various common names such as sea bindweed, seashore false bindweed, shore bindweed, shore convolvulus and beach morning glory. Descri ...

'' * '' Dichondria micrantha'' (Naturalised) * ''

Dichondra repens ''Dichondra repens'' is a small, prostrate, herbaceous plant native to New Zealand and many parts of Australia. It is occasionally known as kidney weed in Australia and as Mercury Bay weed in New Zealand. Most commonly called dichondra in Austr ...

'' * ''

Ipomoea alba ''Ipomoea alba'', sometimes called the tropical white morning-glory or moonflower or moon vine, is a species of night-blooming morning glory, native to tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America, from Argentina to northern Mexic ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Ipomoea cairica ''Ipomoea cairica'' is a vining, herbaceous, perennial plant with palmate leaves and large, showy white to lavender flowers. A species of morning glory, it has many common names, including mile-a-minute vine, Messina creeper, Cairo morning glo ...

'' (Naturalised)''

'' is listed in ''Flora of Australia'' as naturalised, but de Lange ''et al.'' (2005) suggest that it may be indigenous. * ''

Ipomoea indica ''Ipomoea indica'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, known by several common names, including blue morning glory, oceanblue morning glory, ''koali awa'', and blue dawn flower. It bears heart-shaped or 3-lobed leaves an ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Ipomoea pes-caprae'' subsp. ''brasiliensis'' ;

Corynocarpaceae ''Corynocarpus'' is the only genus of plants in the family Corynocarpaceae and includes five species. It is native to New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. Species # '' Corynocarpus cribbianus'' (F. M. Bailey) L. S. S ...

* ''

Corynocarpus laevigatus Karaka or New Zealand laurel (''Corynocarpus laevigatus'') is an evergreen tree of the family Corynocarpaceae endemic to New Zealand. It is common throughout the North and South Islands to Banks Peninsula (43°45′S) and Okarito (43°20′S) ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Crassulaceae The Crassulaceae (from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crass ...

* '' Bryophyllum delagoaense'' (Naturalised) * ''

Bryophyllum pinnatum ''Kalanchoe pinnata'', commonly known as cathedral bells, air plant, life plant, miracle leaf, and Goethe plant is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. It is a popular houseplant and has become naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas. Th ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Crassula multicava'' subsp. ''multicava'' (Naturalised) ;

Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: *''Cucurbita'' – squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds *''Lagena ...

* ''

Cucumis anguria ''Cucumis anguria'', commonly known as maroon cucumber, West Indian gherkin, maxixe, burr gherkin, cackrey, and West Indian gourd, is a vine that is indigenous to Africa, but has become naturalized in the New World, and is cultivated in many pla ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Diplocyclos palmatus'' subsp. ''affinis'' * ''

Sicyos australis ''Sicyos'' is a flowering plant genus of the family Cucurbitaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as burr cucumbers. Selected species Out of 130 species which have been attributed to the genus, just 37 are currently accepted by botani ...

'' * ''

Zehneria baueriana ''Zehneria baueriana'', commonly known as the native cucumber or giant cucumber, is a species of flowering plant – a vine in the cucumber and gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. It is found on Norfolk Island, an Australian territory in the Tasman Se ...

'' ;

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as ''Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, e ...

* ''

Acalypha wilkesiana ''Acalypha wilkesiana'', common names copperleaf, Jacob’s coat and Flamengueira, is an evergreen shrub growing to high and across. It has a closely arranged crown, with an erect stem and many branches. Both the branches and the leaves are cov ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Baloghia inophylla'' * ''

Breynia disticha ''Breynia disticha'' is a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to New Caledonia and Vanuatu in the western Pacific, but naturalized on a wide assortment of other islands around the world (West Indies, São Tom ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Euphorbia cyathophora ''Euphorbia cyathophora'', known by various names including dwarf poinsettia, fire-on-the-mountain, and paintedleaf, is native to North and South America and naturalized Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Euphorbia norfolkiana'' (Endemic) * '' Euphorbia obliqua'' * ''

Euphorbia peplus ''Euphorbia peplus'' (petty spurge, radium weed, cancer weed, or milkweed), is a species of ''Euphorbia'', native to most of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia, where it typically grows in cultivated arable land, gardens and other disturbe ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Euphorbia prostrata ''Euphorbia prostrata'' is a species of spurge known by the common name prostrate spurge or prostrate sandmat. It is native to the Caribbean and certain parts of South America. It is widely naturalized in many other parts of the world, where it ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Excoecaria agallocha ''Excoecaria agallocha'', a mangrove species, belongs to the genus ''Excoecaria'' of the family Euphorbiaceae. The species has many common names, including blind-your-eye mangrove, blinding tree, buta buta tree, milky mangrove, poisonfish tree, ...

'' * ''

Homalanthus populifolius ''Homalanthus populifolius'', the bleeding heart, native poplar or Queensland poplar, is an Australian rainforest plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It often appears in areas of rainforest disturbance. Bleeding heart is highly regarded by rainfor ...

'' (Naturalised)''Flora of Australia'' treated ''

'' as indigenous, but in 1904

Joseph Maiden Joseph Henry Maiden (25 April 1859 – 16 November 1925) was a botanist who made a major contribution to knowledge of the Australian flora, especially the genus ''Eucalyptus''. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation when citing ...

stated that it had been introduced in a consignment of plants from

Lord Howe Island Lord Howe Island (; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, part of the Australian state of New South Wales. It lies directly east of mainland P ...

. * '' Phyllanthus tenellus'' (Naturalised) * ''

Ricinus communis ''Ricinus communis'', the castor bean or castor oil plant, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus, ''Ricinus'', and subtribe, Ricininae. The evolution of ca ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

* '' Canacalia rosea'' * ''

Castanospermum australe ''Castanospermum australe'' (Moreton Bay chestnut or blackbean), the only species in the genus ''Castanospermum'', is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the east coast of Australia in Queensland and New South Wales, and to the ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Chamaecytisus palmensis'' (Naturalised) * ''

Crotalaria agatiflora ''Crotalaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae (subfamily Faboideae) commonly known as rattlepods. The genus includes over 700 species of herbaceous plants and shrubs. Africa is the continent with the majority of ''Crotalari ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Desmodium incanum :''The ''Desmodium incanum'' of many older sources is actually ''Desmodium laxiflorum''; see below.'' ''Desmodium incanum'', also known as creeping beggarweed, Spanish clover, Spanish tick-trefoil or hitchhikers is a perennial plant native to Ce ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Desmodium tortuosum ''Desmodium tortuosum'', the twisted tick trefoil, dixie tick trefoil, tall tick clover, Florida beggarweed, and giant beggar weed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Latin America, and widely introduced as a ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Dipogon lignosus ''Dipogon lignosus'', the okie bean, Cape sweet-pea, dolichos pea or mile-a-minute vine, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is the only species classified in the monotypic genus ''Dipogon'' which belongs to the su ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Erythrina caffra ''Erythrina caffra'', the coast coral tree or African coral tree, is a tree native to southeastern Africa, which is often cultivated and has introduced populations in California and India. All the 17 species of coral tree in the genus ''Erythri ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Erythrina speciosa'' (Naturalised) * '' Glycone microphylla'' (Naturalised) * ''

Indigofera suffruticosa ''Indigofera suffruticosa'', commonly known as Guatemalan indigo, small-leaved indigo (Sierra Leone), West Indian indigo, wild indigo, and anil, is a flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae. ''Anil'' is native to the subtropical and tropical ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Lablab purpureus ''Lablab purpureus'' is a species of bean in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Africa and it is cultivated throughout the tropics for food.

'' (Naturalised) * '' Lotus angustissimus'' (Naturalised) * ''

Lupinus cosentinii ''Lupinus'', commonly known as lupin, lupine, or regionally bluebonnet etc., is a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus includes over 199 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America. Smaller centers occur ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Medicago lupulina ''Medicago lupulina'', commonly known as black medick, nonesuch, or hop clover, is a plant of dry grassland belonging to the legume or clover family. Plants of the genus ''Medicago'', or bur clovers, are closely related to the true clovers (''Tri ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Medicago polymorpha ''Medicago polymorpha'' is a plant species of the genus ''Medicago''. It is native to the Mediterranean basin but is found throughout the world. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium ''Sinorhizobium medicae'', which is capable of n ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Melilotus indicus ''Melilotus indicus'', sometimes incorrectly written ''Melilotus indica'', is a yellow-flowered herb native to northern Africa, Europe and Asia, but naturalized throughout the rest of the world. Common names in English include sweet clover (or s ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Millettia australis'' * '' Neotonia wightii'' (Naturalised) * ''

Pueraria lobata ''Pueraria montana'' var. ''lobata'', the East Asian arrowroot, or kudzu vine, is a perennial plant in the family Fabaceae. Names It is called ''gé'' () in Chinese, ''kuzu'' () in Japanese, and ''chik'' () or ''gal'' (갈; 葛) in Korean. ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Streblorrhiza speciosa'' (Endemic)''

'' and ''

'' are endemic genera. * ''

Teline monspessulana ''Genista monspessulana'', commonly known as French broom, Montpellier broom, or Cape broom (Australia), is a woody leguminous perennial shrub. The yellow-flowering bush is native to the Mediterranean region, and while it may still be commonly s ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Trifolium campestre ''Trifolium campestre'', commonly known as hop trefoil, field clover and low hop clover, is a species of flowering plant native to Europe and western Asia, growing in dry, sandy grassland habitats, fields, woodland margins, roadsides, wastelands ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Trifolium dubium ''Trifolium dubium'', the lesser trefoil, suckling clover, little hop clover or lesser hop trefoil, is a flowering plant in the pea and clover family Fabaceae. This species is generally accepted as the primary plant to represent the traditional I ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Trifolium glomeratum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Trifolium suffocatum ''Trifolium suffocatum'', the suffocated clover, is a species of annual herb in the family Fabaceae. They have a self-supporting growth form and compound, broad leaves. Individuals can grow to 4.2 cm. Sources References {{Taxonbar, ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Vicia hirsuta ''Vicia hirsuta'' or ''Ervilia hirsuta'' C. A. Stace, ''New Flora of the British Isles'', 4th edition 2019, p 171: ''Ervilia hirsuta''. . (hairy tare, hairy vetch, tiny vetch) is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Vicia sativa'' subsp. ''nigra'' (Naturalised) * '' Vicia tetrasperma'' (Naturalised) * ''

Vigna marina ''Vigna marina'' is a prostrate, creeping vine and a perennial plant.Descriptions of Major Dune Plants'' publication by the Beach Protection Authority of Queensland, Australia Also known as the beach pea, nanea, and notched cowpea, it is a speci ...

'' ;

Frankeniaceae ''Frankenia'' (sea heath) is the only genus in the Frankeniaceae family of flowering plants. Other genera have been recognized within the family, such as ''Anthobryum'', ''Hypericopsis'' and ''Niederleinia'', but molecular phylogenetic studies ...

* '' Frankenia pulverulenta'' (Naturalised) ;

Fumariaceae Fumarioideae is a subfamily of the family Papaveraceae (the poppy family). It was formerly treated as a separate family, the Fumariaceae (the fumitory, fumewort or bleeding-heart family). It consists of about 575 species of herbaceous plants in 2 ...

* ''

Fumaria muralis ''Fumaria muralis'', known as common ramping-fumitory or wall fumitory, is a flowering herbaceous plant in the poppy family (Papaveraceae) native to western Europe and northwestern Africa. Description ''Fumaria muralis'' is a delicate annual pl ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Gentianaceae Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 103 genera and about 1600 species. Etymology The family takes its name from the genus '' Gentiana'', named after the Illyrian king Gentius. Distribution Distribution is cosmopolitan. Characteri ...

* '' Centaurium tenuiflorum'' (Naturalised) ;

Geraniaceae Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus ''Geranium''. The family includes both the genus ''Geranium'' (the cranesbills, or true geraniums) and the garden plants called ...

* '' Erodium moschatum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Geranium dissectum ''Geranium dissectum'' or Cut-leaved Crane's-bill is a plant species of the genus ''Geranium''. It is native to Europe. It can be found on other continents as well, in some instances as an introduced species. It can be found in North America, wh ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Geranium gardneri'' (Naturalised)''Flora of Australia'' lists '' Geranium gardneri'' as naturalised in Norfolk Island, but the variant of ''G. gardneri'' that occurs on Norfolk Island has since been published as '' G. gardneri'' in de Lange ''et al.'' (2005) * ''

Pelargonium australe ''Pelargonium australe'' is a perennial herb that is endemic to Australia, and found in all states except the Northern Territory. Common names include native storksbill, wild geranium and austral storksbill.Pelargonium panduriforme'' (Naturalised) ;

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...

* ''

Lavandula dentata ''Lavandula dentata'', ''Lavanda de la brecha (Spain)'', fringed lavender or French lavender, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean, the Atlantic islands and the Arabian peninsula. Growing to tal ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Marrubium vulgare ''Marrubium vulgare'' (white horehound or common horehound) is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern and central Asia. It is also widely naturalized in many places, including most of ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Mentha'' × ''piperita (Naturalised) * ''

Mentha spicata Spearmint, also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is a species of Mentha, mint, ''Mentha spicata'' (, native to Europe and southern temperate Asia, extending from Ireland in the west to southern China in the east. I ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Salvia coccinea ''Salvia coccinea'', the blood sage, scarlet sage, Texas sage, or tropical sage, is a herbaceous perennial in the family Lamiaceae that is widespread throughout the Southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Salvia verbenaca ''Salvia verbenaca'', also known as wild clary or wild sage, is native to the British Isles, the Mediterranean region in Southern Europe, North Africa, and Near East, and in the Caucasus. It can be found as an introduced species that has natural ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Stachys arvensis ''Stachys arvensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names field woundwort and staggerweed. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. It is known on other continents as an introduced species an ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...

* ''

Cinnamomum camphora ''Camphora officinarum'' is a species of evergreen tree that is commonly known under the names camphor tree, camphorwood or camphor laurel. Description ''Camphora officinarum'' is native to China south of the Yangtze River, Taiwan, southern ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Cryptocarya triplinervis'' (Naturalised)'' Cryptocarya triplinervis'' was excluded from ''Flora of Australia'' as a probable erroneous collection, but has since been collected a number of times, and was admitted by de Lange ''et al.'' (2005). * ''

Persea americana The avocado (''Persea americana'') is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to Americas, the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerica, Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Pre-Columb ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Linaceae Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...

* ''

Linum marginale ''Linum marginale'', commonly known as native flax or wild flax, is a species of flowering plant in the family Linaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a perennial herb with few branches, linear leaves, and blue flowers with five usually blu ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Linum trigynum ''Linum trigynum'', the French flax, is a species of annual herb in the family Linaceae. It is native to Southern Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and some oceanic islands, such as Madeira, Canary Islands and Socotra So ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Loranthaceae Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are ''Nuytsia floribunda'' (the W ...

* ''

Ileostylus micranthus ''Ileostylus micranthus'', commonly known as green mistletoe pikirangi; pirinoa; pirirangi; pirita; small-flowered mistletoe, is a species of mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae. Description ''Ileostylus micranthus'' is a mistletoe native to ...

'' ;

Lythraceae Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera, with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea'' (50), ''Rotala'' (45), and ''Lythrum'' (35). ...

* '' Lythrum hyssopifolia'' (Naturalised) ;

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...

* ''

Abutilon grandifolium ''Abutilon grandifolium'', the hairy Indian mallow, is a large shrub that is up to high with broad, leaf blades. Flowers are axillary, with a yellow corolla across, composed of petals long. The fruits are ovoid-globular schizocarps that are ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Abutilon julianae'' (Endemic) * ''

Hibiscus diversifolius ''Hibiscus diversifolius'', the swamp hibiscus, is a widespread species of hibiscus. It grows to between 1 and 2 metres in height, with prickly stems and yellow flowers with a maroon basal spot during spring summer. Distribution It occurs in tr ...

'' * ''

Hibiscus insularis ''Hibiscus insularis'', the Phillip Island hibiscus, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae, that is endemic to Phillip Island, a small island to the south of Norfolk Island, Australia. The entire natural extent of this ...

'' (Endemic) * ''

Hibiscus pedunculatus ''Hibiscus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Malva, mallow family, Malvaceae. The genus is quite large, comprising List of Hibiscus species, several hundred species that are Native plant, native to warm temperate, Subtropics, subtropical a ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Hibiscus tiliaceus ''Hibiscus tiliaceus'', commonly known as the sea hibiscus or coast cottonwood, is a species of flowering tree in the mallow family, Malvaceae, with a pantropical distribution along coastlines. It has also been introduced to Florida and New Zea ...

'' * ''Lagunaria patersonia'' subsp. ''patersonia'' * ''

Malva parviflora ''Malva parviflora'' is an annual or perennial herb that is native to Northern Africa, Europe and Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subco ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Malvastrum coromandelianum ''Malvastrum coromandelianum'', also known as threelobe false mallow, is an annual or perennial herb or shrub native to North and South America. It has been introduced to many other areas of the world including Australia, Africa, and southern an ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Modiola caroliniana ''Modiola'' is a monotypic genus of plants in the Malvaceae, mallow family containing the single species ''Modiola caroliniana'', which is known by several common names including bristly-fruited mallow, Carolina bristlemallow, babosilla, and redf ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Pavonia hastata ''Pavonia hastata'', commonly known as spearleaf swampmallow or pink pavonia, is a shrub in the family Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known memb ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sida carpinifolia ''Sida acuta'', the common wireweed, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is believed to have originated in Central America, but today has a pantropical distribution and is considered a weed in some areas. In nor ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sida rhombifolia ''Sida rhombifolia'', commonly known as arrowleaf sida, is a perennial or sometimes annual plant in the Family Malvaceae, native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Other common names include rhombus-leaved sida, Paddy's lucerne, jelly le ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Ungeria floribunda'' (Endemic) ;

Meliaceae Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by syncarp ...

* '' Dysoxylum bijugum'' * ''

Melia azedarach ''Melia azedarach'', commonly known as the chinaberry tree, pride of India, bead-tree, Cape lilac, syringa berrytree, Persian lilac, Indian lilac, or white cedar, is a species of deciduous tree in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, that is native ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Mimosaceae The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates. They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petals ...

* ''

Acacia dealbata ''Acacia dealbata'', the silver wattle, blue wattle or mimosa, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family (botany), family Fabaceae, native plant, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and the Australi ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Acacia parramattensis ''Acacia parramattensis'', commonly known as Parramatta wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae native to the Blue Mountains (Australia), Blue Mountains and surrounding regions of New South Wales. It is a tall shrub or tree to about in height ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Paraserianthes lophantha ''Paraserianthes lophantha'' (syn. ''Albizia lophantha''), the Cape Leeuwin wattle, Bicol wattle, Cape wattle, crested wattle or plume albizia, is a fast-growing tree with creamy-yellow, bottlebrush like flowers. It is a small tree (uppermost hei ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Moraceae The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however ...

* ''

Ficus carica The fig is the edible fruit of ''Ficus carica'', a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae. Native to the Mediterranean and western Asia, it has been cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the world ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Streblus pendulinus'' ;

Myoporaceae Myoporaceae was a family of plants, found mostly in Australia, which included the following genera: * '' Diocirea'' * '' Eremophila'', also known as emu bush * ''Myoporum'', also known as Boobiala In the APG II system (continued in the APG III ...

* ''

Myoporum obscurum ''Myoporum obscurum'', commonly known as popwood, sandalwood or bastard ironwood is a plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. It is a very rare shrub, endemic to Norfolk Island where it occurs in a few scattered locations. Description ' ...

'' (Endemic) ;

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All speci ...

* ''

Eucalyptus botryoides ''Eucalyptus botryoides'', commonly known as the bangalay, bastard jarrah, woollybutt or southern mahogany, is a small to tall tree native to southeastern Australia. Reaching up to high, it has rough bark on its trunk and branches. It is found ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Eucalyptus fibrosa ''Eucalyptus fibrosa'', commonly known as the red ironbark, broad-leaved red ironbark or broad-leaved red ironbark, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has grey to black ironbark, lance-shaped to egg-shape ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Eugenia uniflora ''Eugenia uniflora'', the pitanga, Suriname cherry, Brazilian cherry, Cayenne cherry, cerisier carré, monkimonki kersie or ñangapirí, is a flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae, native to tropical South America’s east coast, ranging ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Metrosideros excelsa ''Metrosideros excelsa'', commonly known as pōhutukawa ( mi, pōhutukawa), New Zealand Christmas tree, New Zealand Christmas bush, and iron tree, is a coastal evergreen tree in the Myrtus, myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that produces a brilliant di ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Metrosideros kermadecensis ''Metrosideros kermadecensis'', with common names ''Kermadec pōhutukawa'' and New Zealand Christmas bush is an evergreen tree of the myrtle family which is endemic to the volcanic Kermadec Islands about 900 km north-east of New Zealand. ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Metrosideros excelsa'' x ''kermadecensis'' (Hybrid of indigenous and naturalised species) * ''Psidium cattleianum'' var. ''cattleianum'' (Naturalised) * ''Psidium cattleianum'' var. ''littorale'' (Naturalised) * ''

Psidium guajava ''Psidium guajava'', the common guava, yellow guava, lemon guava, or apple guava is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to the Caribbean, Central America and South America. It is easily pollinated by insects; when cultivated, it is pollina ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae, the four o'clock family, is a family of around 33 genera and 290 species of flowering plants, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions. The family has a unique fruit t ...

* ''

Mirabilis jalapa ''Mirabilis jalapa'', the marvel of Peru or four o'clock flower, is the most commonly grown ornamental species of ''Mirabilis'' plant, and is available in a range of colors. ''Mirabilis'' in Latin means wonderful and Jalapa (or Xalapa) is the st ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Pisonia brunoniana ''Pisonia brunoniana'' is a species of flowering tree in the family Nyctaginaceae that is native to New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island and Hawaii. The common names in New Zealand are parapara or birdcatcher tree. Description ''Pisoni ...

'' ;

Ochnaceae Ochnaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). . In the APG III syst ...

* ''

Ochna serrulata ''Ochna serrulata'' (commonly known as the small-leaved plane, carnival ochna, bird's eye bush, Mickey mouse plant or Mickey Mouse bush due to the plant's ripe blackfruit, which upside down resembles the ears of Mickey Mouse, and bright-red sepal ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Oleaceae Oleaceae, also known as the olive family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales, It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct.Peter S. Green. 2004. "Oleaceae". pages 296-30 ...

* ''Jasminum simplicifolium'' subsp. ''australiense'' * ''

Ligustrum lucidum ''Ligustrum lucidum'', the broad-leaf privet,Weed profile: Privet
New So ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Ligustrum sinense ''Ligustrum sinense'' (Chinese privet; syn. ''L. villosum''; in Mandarin: 杻; pinyin: chǒu) is a species of privet native to China, Taiwan and Vietnam,Flora of China''Ligustrum sinense''/ref> and naturalized in Réunion, the Andaman Islands, ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Olea europaea'' subsp. ''cuspidata'' (Naturalised) ;

Onagraceae The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and treesOenothera affinis'' (Naturalised) * '' Oenothera rosea'' (Naturalised) * '' Oenothera stricta'' (Naturalised) * '' Oenothera tetraptera'' (Naturalised) ;

Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in the ...

* ''

Orobanche minor ''Orobanche minor'', the hellroot, common broomrape, lesser broomrape, small broomrape or clover broomrape, is a holoparasitic flowering plant belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. It is one of about 150 non-photosynthetic plants in the genus ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...

* '' Oxalis chnoodes'' (Naturalised)''Flora of Australia'' treated all of the ''

Oxalis ''Oxalis'' ( (American English) or (British English)) is a large genus of flowering plants in the wood-sorrel family Oxalidaceae, comprising over 550 species. The genus occurs throughout most of the world, except for the Polar region, polar are ...

'' species on Norfolk Island as ''

Oxalis corniculata ''Oxalis corniculata'', the creeping woodsorrel, procumbent yellow sorrel or sleeping beauty, is a somewhat delicate-appearing, low-growing herbaceous plant in the family Oxalidaceae. It resembles the common yellow woodsorrel, ''Oxalis stricta'' ...

''. This complex is now usually treated as five distinct species, of which four occur on Norfolk Island. * ''

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Oxalis debilis ''Oxalis debilis'', the large-flowered pink-sorrel or pink woodsorrel, is a perennial plant and herb in the family Oxalidaceae. Its original distribution is South America but has become a very cosmopolitan species, occurring in all continents exc ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Oxalis exilis ''Oxalis exilis'' is a small herbaceous plant found in Australia and New Zealand. It is mainly found in hillsides and weedy areas. It is the smallest species of ''Oxalis ''Oxalis'' ( (American English) or (British English)) is a large genus ...

'' * '' Oxalis radicosa'' (Naturalised) ;

Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally known as the poppy family. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperat ...

* ''

Argemone subfusiformis ''Argemone'' is a genus (biology), genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Papaveraceae commonly known as prickly poppies. There are about 32 species native to the Americas and Hawaii.Papaver somniferum ''Papaver somniferum'', commonly known as the opium poppy or breadseed poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It is the species of plant from which both opium and poppy seeds are derived and is also a valuable orname ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Passifloraceae The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from t ...

* '' Passiflora aurantia'' * ''

Passiflora edulis ''Passiflora edulis,'' commonly known as passion fruit, is a vine species of passion flower native to southern Brazil through Paraguay and northern Argentina. It is cultivated commercially in tropical and subtropical areas for its sweet, seedy ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Pennantiaceae ''Pennantia'' is the sole genus in the plant family Pennantiaceae. In older classifications, it was placed in the family Icacinaceae. Most authorities have recognised three or four species, depending on whether they recognised ''Pennantia baylis ...

''Flora of Australia'' treated ''

Pennantia endlicheri ''Pennantia'' is the sole genus in the plant family Pennantiaceae. In older classifications, it was placed in the family Icacinaceae. Most authorities have recognised three or four species, depending on whether they recognised ''Pennantia baylis ...

'' under the

Icacinaceae The Icacinaceae, also called the white pear family, are a family of flowering plants,"Icacinaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website (see ''External links'' below). consisting of trees, shrubs, and lianas, pri ...

; the monotypic family

has since been revived. * ''

'' (Endemic)''

'' was not listed as endemic in ''Flora of Australia'', as the Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands populations of ''

Pennantia ''Pennantia'' is the sole genus in the plant family Pennantiaceae. In older classifications, it was placed in the family Icacinaceae. Most authorities have recognised three or four species, depending on whether they recognised '' Pennantia bayli ...

'' were then considered members of that species. These are now treated as '' P. baylisiana'', and ''P. endlicheri'' is considered endemic to Norfolk Island. ;

Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unch ...

* ''

Phytolacca octandra ''Phytolacca'' is a genus of perennial plants native to North America, South America and East Asia. Some members of the genus are known as pokeweeds or similar names such as pokebush, pokeberry, pokeroot or poke sallet. Other names for species ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Rivina humilis ''Rivina humilis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Petiveriaceae. It was formerly placed in the pokeweed family, Phytolaccaceae. It can be found in the southern United States, the Caribbean, Central America, and tropical South Amer ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Piperaceae The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in 5 genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: ''Piper'' ( ...

* ''Macropiper excelsum'' subsp. ''psittacorum'' * '' Peperomia tetraphylla'' * '' Peperomia urvilleana'' ;

Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. T ...

* ''

Pittosporum bracteolatum ''Pittosporum'' ( or ) is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Pittosporaceae. The genus is probably Gondwanan in origin; its present range extends from Australasia, Oceania, eastern Asia and some parts of Africa. ''Cit ...

'' (Endemic) * ''

Pittosporum crassifolium ''Pittosporum crassifolium'', commonly called karo, is a small tree or shrub native to New Zealand. Karo's original distribution was generally the top half of the North Island, although now it has naturalised throughout New Zealand and overseas ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Pittosporum undulatum ''Pittosporum undulatum'' is a fast-growing tree in the family Pittosporaceae. It is sometimes also known as sweet pittosporum, native daphne, Australian cheesewood, Victorian box or mock orange. ''P. undulatum'' has become invasive in parts ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...

* ''

Plantago debilis ''Plantago debilis'' is a species of herb native to Australia. Common names include shade plantain and weak plantain. Description It grows as an annual or perennial herb up to 20 centimetres high, with green or white flowers and a slender taproo ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Plantago lanceolata ''Plantago lanceolata'' is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. It is known by the common names ribwort plantain, narrowleaf plantain, English plantain, ribleaf, lamb's tongue, and buckhorn. It is a common weed on c ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Plantago major ''Plantago major'', the broadleaf plantain, white man's footprint, waybread, or greater plantain, is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. The plant is native to Eurasia. The young, tender leaves can be eaten raw, a ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Russelia equisetiformis ''Russelia equisetiformis'', the fountainbush, firecracker plant, coral plant, coral fountain, coralblow or fountain plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. This weeping subshrub is native to Mexico and Guatemala.

'' (Naturalised) ;

Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family. Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow as ...

* ''

Plumbago auriculata ''Plumbago auriculata'', the cape leadwort, blue plumbago or Cape plumbago, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to South Africa."Botanica. The Illustrated AZ of over 10000 garden plants and how to cultivate them" ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Plumbago zeylanica ''Plumbago zeylanica'', commonly known as Ceylon leadwort, doctorbush or wild leadwort, is a species of plumbago with a pantropical distribution. Carl Linnaeus described the paleotropical ''P. zeylanica'' and Neotropical ''P. scandens'' as separa ...

'' ;

Polygalaceae The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ''ca''. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one ...

* '' Polygala myrtifolia'' (Naturalised) ;

Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus ''Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 ...

* ''

Fallopia convolvulus ''Fallopia convolvulus'', the black-bindweed or wild buckwheat, is a fast-growing annual flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae native throughout Europe, Asia and northern Africa.Flora of NW Europe''Fallopia convolvulus''/ref>Flora of China ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Muehlenbeckia australis ''Muehlenbeckia australis'', the large-leaved muehlenbeckia or pohuehue, is a prostrate or climbing plant native to New Zealand. Description The species grows up to tall with grey bark. The leaves are on stiff petioles and are long. Lamina is ...

'' * ''

Persicaria decipiens ''Persicaria decipiens'', commonly known as slender knotweed, is a species of flowering plant native to Australia and Asia. ''Persicaria decipiens'' is a trailing plant whose stems grow horizontally at first but become more vertical with time, r ...

'' * '' Rumex brownii'' (Naturalised) * ''

Rumex conglomeratus ''Rumex conglomeratus'', known as clustered dock and sharp dock, is a plant of the family Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United Stat ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Portulacaceae The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus ''Portulaca''. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus, the other genera ...

* ''

Portulaca oleracea ''Portulaca oleracea'' (common purslane, also known as little hogweed, or pursley) is an annual (actually tropical perennial in USDA growing zones 10–11) succulent in the family Portulacaceae. Description The plant may reach in height. It ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Primulaceae The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the Onagraceae, evening primrose family), are a family (biology), family of Herbaceous plant, herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants ...

* ''

Anagallis arvensis ''Anagallis arvensis'' ( syn. ''Lysimachia arvensis''), commonly known as the scarlet pimpernel, red pimpernel, red chickweed, poor man's barometer, poor man's weather-glass, shepherd's weather glass or shepherd's clock, is a species of low-gr ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Rapanea ralstoniae'' (Endemic) * ''Samolus repens'' var. ''stricta'' ;

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Pro ...

* ''

Grevillea robusta ''Grevillea robusta'', commonly known as the southern silky oak, silk oak or silky oak, silver oak or Australian silver oak, is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. It is a tree, the largest species in its genus but is not closely rela ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Hakea salicifolia ''Hakea salicifolia'' commonly known as the willow-leaved hakea, is species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an adaptable, fast growing small tree or shrub with attractive foliage and cream white flowers. Descript ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Hakea sericea ''Hakea sericea'', commonly known as bushy needlewood or silky hakea, is a large shrub with a profusion of mainly white flowers from July for several months. It is endemism, endemic to eastern Australia. It has become an environmental weed in so ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Macadamia tetraphylla ''Macadamia tetraphylla'' is a tree in the family Proteaceae, native to southern Queensland and northern New South Wales in Australia. Common names include macadamia nut, bauple nut, prickly macadamia, Queensland nut, rough-shelled bush nut an ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...

* '' Clematis dubia'' (Endemic) * '' Ranunculus muricatus'' (Naturalised) * '' Ranunculus parviflora'' (Naturalised) * ''

Ranunculus repens ''Ranunculus repens'', the creeping buttercup, is a flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe, Asia and northwestern Africa. Habitat It is a very common weed of agricultural land and gardens, spreading quickly by it ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Ranunculus sessiliflorus'' (Naturalised) ;

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

* ''

Duchesnea indica ''Potentilla indica'' known commonly as mock strawberry, Indian-strawberry, or false strawberry, often referred to as a backyard strawberry, mainly in North America, is a flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It has foliage and an aggregate ac ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Eriobotrya japonica The loquat (''Eriobotrya japonica'') is a large evergreen shrub or tree, grown commercially for its orange fruit and for its leaves, which are used to make herbal tea. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant. The loquat is in the family ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Rhaphiolepis umbellata ''Rhaphiolepis umbellata'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to Korea, Japan and Taiwan. Growing to tall and wide, it is an evergreen shrub with glossy oval leaves, and scented white flowers, sometimes tinged wit ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Rubus fruticosus ''Rubus fruticosus'' L. is the ambiguous name of a European blackberry species in the genus ''Rubus'' in the rose family. The name has been interpreted in several ways: *The species represented by the type specimen of ''Rubus fruticosus'' L., ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...

* ''

Coffea arabica ''Coffea arabica'' (), also known as the Arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is currently the dominant cultivar, r ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Coprosma baueri'' (Endemic) * '' Coprosma pilosa'' (Endemic) * ''

Pentas lanceolata ''Pentas lanceolata'', commonly known as Egyptian starcluster, is a species of flowering plant in the madder family, Rubiaceae that is native to much of Africa as well as Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Repu ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sherardia arvensis ''Sherardia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. ''Sherardia arvensis'' or (blue) field madder, which is widespread across most of Europe and northern Africa as well as sou ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Derm ...

* '' Citrus jambhiri'' (Naturalised) * ''

Melicope littoralis '' Melicope littoralis '', commonly known as shade tree, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is Endemism, endemic to Norfolk Island. It has Glossary of leaf morphology#trifoliate, trifoliate leaves and small white flowe ...

'' (Endemic) * ''Sarcomelicope simplicifolia'' subsp. ''simplicifolia'' * ''

Zanthoxylum pinnatum ''Zanthoxylum pinnatum'', commonly known as yellow wood, is a species of flowering plant of the family Rutaceae native to Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. It is a tree with pinnate leaves, white male and female flowers arranged in groups in leaf ...

'' ;

Santalaceae The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.br>''Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other membe ...

* ''Exocarpus phyllanthoides'' var. ''phyllanthoides'' ;

Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in tempera ...

* ''Dodonaea viscosa'' subsp. ''viscosa'' ;

Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...

* ''

Planchonella costata ''Pouteria costata'' is a small coastal tree native to the northern North Island (New Zealand) and to Norfolk Island (Australia). In New Zealand, its common name is tawapou (Māori: "tawāpou"); on Norfolk Island it is called bastard ironwood. Th ...

'' ;

Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...

* '' Calceolaria tripartita'' (Naturalised) * ''

Misopates orontium ''Misopates orontium'', known as weasel's snout, is a herbaceous annual plant in the family Plantaginaceae. It is a native of disturbed ground in Europe. It is also naturalised as a weed in other parts of the world such as North America. The p ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Verbascum thapsus ''Verbascum thapsus'', the great mullein, greater mullein or common mullein is a species of mullein native to Europe, northern Africa, and Asia, and introduced in the Americas and Australia. It is a hairy biennial plant that can grow to 2 m tal ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Verbascum virgatum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Veronica arvensis ''Veronica arvensis'', common names: wall speedwell, corn speedwell, common speedwell, rock speedwell, field speedwell, is an annual flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. The species is a native European plant and a common weed i ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Veronica persica ''Veronica persica'' is a flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. Common names include birdeye speedwell, common field-speedwell, Persian speedwell, large field speedwell, bird's-eye, or winter speedwell. It is native to Eurasia and is wide ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Veronica plebeia ''Veronica plebeia'', commonly known as creeping- or trailing speedwell, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It is native to Australia and New Zealand. Robert Brown described the trailing speedwell in 1810 i ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...

* ''

Brugmansia suaveolens ''Brugmansia suaveolens'', Brazil's white angel trumpet, also known as angel's tears and snowy angel's trumpet, is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to south eastern Brazil, but thought to be extinct in the ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Datura stramonium ''Datura stramonium'', known by the common names thorn apple, jimsonweed (jimson weed), devil's snare, or devil's trumpet, is a poisonous flowering plant of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is a species belonging to the ''Datura'' genus a ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Lycium ferocissimum ''Lycium ferocissimum'', the African boxthorn or boxthorn, is a shrub in the nightshade family (Solanaceae). The species is native to the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and Free State provinces in South Africa and has become naturalised in Austral ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Lycopersicon esculentum The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word , ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Nicandra physalodes ''Nicandra physalodes'' is a species of flowering plant in subfamily Solanoideae of the nightshade family. It is known by the common names apple-of-Peru and shoo-fly plant. It is thought originally to have been native to western South America, in ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Nicotiana tabacum ''Nicotiana tabacum'', or cultivated tobacco, is an annually grown herbaceous plant of the ''Nicotiana'' genus. The plant is tropical in origin, is commonly grown throughout the world, and is often found in cultivation. It grows to heights bet ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Petunia'' × ''hybrida'' (Naturalised) * ''

Physalis peruviana ''Physalis peruviana'' is a species of plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It is commonly known as Cape gooseberry, goldenberry or ground cherry, as poha in Hawaii, and as Harankash in Egypt, while i ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Solandra maxima ''Solandra maxima'' is a flowering plant in the Solanaceae family. It is also known as cup of gold vine, golden chalice vine, or Hawaiian lily, is a vigorous vine which is endemic to Mexico and Central America. It has very large yellow flowers ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Solanum americanum'' subsp. ''nutans'' * ''

Solanum aviculare ''Solanum aviculare'', commonly called poroporo or pōporo (New Zealand), bumurra (Dharug), kangaroo apple, pam plum (Australia), or New Zealand nightshade, is a soft-wooded shrub native to New Zealand and the east coast of Australia. The M� ...

'' (Extinct) * '' Solanum bauerianum'' (Endemic) * '' Solanum linneanum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Solanum mauritianum ''Solanum mauritianum'' is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its common names include earleaf nightshade (or "ear-leaved nightshade"), woolly nightshade, flannel we ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...

* '' Wikstroemia australis'' ;

Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record o ...

* ''

Triumfetta rhomboidea ''Triumfetta rhomboidea'', commonly known as diamond burbark or Chinese bur, is a shrub that is extensively naturalised in tropical regions. It is thought that to have come to Australia from China. Its bark—sometimes called burbark--makes a k ...

'' ;

Urticaceae The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus ''Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeri ...

* ''Boehmeria australis'' subsp. ''australis'' ''Boehmeria australis'' subsp. ''australis'' was listed as ''Boehmeria australis'' var. ''australis'' in ''Flora of Australia''. It was automatically promoted to subspecies rank when de Lange ''et al.'' (2005) promoted the

Kermadec Islands The Kermadec Islands ( mi, Rangitāhua) are a subtropical island arc in the South Pacific Ocean northeast of New Zealand's North Island, and a similar distance southwest of Tonga. The islands are part of New Zealand. They are in total are ...

taxon ''Boehmeria australia'' var. ''dealbata'' to subspecies rank. (Endemic) * '' Boehmeria nivea'' (Naturalised) * ''

Elatostema montanum ''Elatostema'' is a genus of flowering plants containing approximately 350 known species in the nettle family Urticaceae, native to tropical forest clearings throughout Australasia, Asia and Africa. There may be as many as 1,000 species of this l ...

'' (Endemic) * ''

Parietaria debilis ''Parietaria debilis'', commonly known as pellitory, small-flower pellitory, or native pellitory, is a herb native to Australia and New Zealand. Description It grows as an annual herb from 7 to 40 centimetres in height, with green or white flowe ...

'' * ''

Pilea microphylla ''Pilea microphylla'' also known as angeloweed, artillery plant, joypowder plant or (in Latin America) ''brilhantina'' is an annual plant native to Florida, Mexico, the West Indies, and tropical Central and Southern America. In the southern pa ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Urtica urens ''Urtica urens'', commonly known as annual nettle, dwarf nettle, small nettle, dog nettle, or burning nettle, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant species in the nettle family Urticaceae. It is native to Eurasia, including the Himalayan regions ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Verbenaceae The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. The ...

* ''

Duranta erecta ''Duranta erecta'' is a species of flowering shrub in the verbena family Verbenaceae, native from Mexico to South America and the Caribbean. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical gardens throughout the world, ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Lantana camara ''Lantana camara'' (common lantana) is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family (Verbenaceae), native to the American tropics. It is a very adaptable species, which can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems; once it has been introduc ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Verbena bonariensis :''This is about the ''Verbena bonariensis'' described by Linnaeus. See also below for a common misapplication of this taxon.'' ''Verbena bonariensis'', the purpletop vervain, clustertop vervain, Argentinian vervain, tall verbena or pretty verbe ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Verbena litoralis ''Verbena litoralis'' is a species of verbena known by the common names seashore vervain and Brazilian vervain, and in Hawaiian, ''ōwī''. It is native to the Americas from Mexico south through Central and South America to Argentina and Chile. ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Violaceae Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies. Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...

* '' Melicytus latifolius'' (Endemic) * ''Melicytus remiflorus'' subsp. ''oblongifolius'' (Endemic) * ''Viola betonicifolia'' subsp. ''nova-guineensis'' * ''

Viola tricolor ''Viola tricolor'' is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial. The species is also known as wild pansy, Johnny Jump up (though this name is also applied to similar species such as the yellow pansy), heartsea ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Viscaceae Viscaceae is a taxonomic family name of flowering plants. In this circumscription, the family includes the several genera of mistletoes. This family name is currently being studied and under review as in past decades, several systems of plant taxon ...

* ''

Korthalsella disticha ''Korthalsella'' (korthal mistletoe) is a genus of flowering plants in the sandalwood family, Santalaceae (sometimes/formerly considered to be in Viscaceae). It contains about 25 species distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and s ...

'' (Endemic)

Monocotyledons

The

Monocotyledon Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...

s (monocots) are represented on Norfolk Island by 16 families, 81 genera, and 110 species. Most of them are naturalised, with naturalised grasses account for 5 families, 47 genera and 67 species. Of the 43 indigenous species, 9 are endemic. ;

Agavaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agav ...

* ''

Agave americana ''Agave americana'', common names century plant, maguey, or American aloe, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Mexico and the United States in Texas. It is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant, and has b ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Cordyline obtecta ''Cordyline obtecta'' (Ti, Norfolk Island cabbage tree, Three Kings cabbage tree) is a widely branching monocot tree native to Norfolk Island (the type locality), and to northern New Zealand. The species name ''obtecta'' derives from the Latin '' ...

''''Flora of Australia'' listed ''

'' as endemic, but the

Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands The Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands (sometimes just known collectively by the Māori name for the largest island, Manawatāwhi) are a group of 13 uninhabited islands about northwest of Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua, New Zealand, where th ...

endemic '' C. kaspar'' has since been reduced to synonymy with ''C. obtecta''. * ''

Furcraea foetida ''Furcraea foetida'' (Giant Fique, Cabuya, Green-aloe or Mauritius-hemp) is a species of flowering plant native to the Caribbean and northern South America. It is widely cultivated and reportedly naturalized in many places (India, parts of Africa ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Phormium tenax ''Phormium tenax'' (called flax in New Zealand English; in Māori; New Zealand flax outside New Zealand; and New Zealand hemp in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an i ...

'' ;

Alliaceae Allioideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Alliaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Allium''. ...

'' Nothoscordum borbonicum'' was treated under the

Liliaceae The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair ...

in ''Flora of Australia''; it is here treated as an

in accordance with the APG II system. * '' Nothoscordum borbonicum'' (Naturalised) ;

Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also ...

* ''

Colocasia esculenta Taro () (''Colocasia esculenta)'' is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in African ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Xanthosoma sagittifolium ''Xanthosoma sagittifolium'', the arrowleaf elephant ear, arrowleaf elephant's ear, malanga or American taro, is a species of tropical flowering plant in the genus ''Xanthosoma'', which produces an edible, starchy corm. Cultivars with purple stem ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Zantedeschia aethiopica ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'', commonly known as calla lily and arum lily, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to southern Africa in Lesotho, South Africa, and Eswatini. Description ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'' is a rhizo ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Arecaceae The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees ...

* ''

Howea forsteriana ''Howea forsteriana'', the Kentia palm, thatch palm or palm court palm, is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, Arecaceae, endemic to Lord Howe Island in Australia. It is also widely grown on Norfolk Island. It is a relatively slow-g ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Phoenix canariensis ''Phoenix canariensis'', the Canary Island date palm or pineapple palm, is a species of flowering plant in the palm family Arecaceae, native to the Canary Islands off the coast of Morocco. It is a relative of ''Phoenix dactylifera'', the true dat ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Rhopalostylis baueri ''Rhopalostylis baueri'' is a species of palm native to Norfolk Island ( Australia) and to the Kermadec Islands (New Zealand). Norfolk Island is the type locality. The common names on Norfolk Island are 'Norfolk Island palm' or 'niau'. In New Ze ...

''''Flora of Australia'' listed ''Rhopalostylis baueri'' var. ''baueri'' as an endemic variety, but the varieties were demoted to synonymy with '' R. baueri'' in de Lange ''et al.'' (2005). The species is not endemic. ;

Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 40 ...

de Lange ''et al.'' (2005) treats ''

Aloe maculata ''Aloe maculata'' ( syn. ''Aloe saponaria''), the soap aloe or zebra aloe, is a Southern African species of aloe. Local people in South Africa know it informally as the ''Bontaalwyn'' in Afrikaans, or ''lekhala'' in the Sesotho language. Descrip ...

'' under family

Hemerocallidaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the Family (biology), family Asphodelaceae ''sensu lato'' in the monocot Order (biology), order Asparagales according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG system of APG IV syst ...

, apparently in error. * ''

'' (Naturalised) ;

Cannaceae ''Canna'' or canna lily is the only genus of flowering plants in the family Cannaceae, consisting of 10 species.The Cannaceae of the World, H. Maas-van der Kamer & P.J.M. Maas, BLUMEA 53: 247-318 Cannas are not true lilies, but have been assi ...

* ''

Canna indica ''Canna indica'', commonly known as Indian shot, African arrowroot, edible canna, purple arrowroot, Sierra Leone arrowroot, is a plant species in the family Cannaceae. It is native to much of South America, Central America, the West Indies, and ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Colchicaceae Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 15 genera with a total of about 285 known species according to Christenhusz and Byng in 2016. Description The family is characterized by the presence of colchicine. Taxonomy The APG III ...

* ''

Gloriosa superba ''Gloriosa superba'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae. Common names include flame lily, climbing lily, creeping lily, glory lily, gloriosa lily, tiger claw,Scheper, J''Gloriosa superba''.Floridata.com. agnishikha and fir ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Commelinaceae Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 kn ...

* ''

Commelina cyanea ''Commelina cyanea'', commonly known as scurvy weed, is a perennial prostrate herb of the family Commelinaceae native to moist forests and woodlands of eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. The blue flowers appear over the wa ...

'' * ''

Tradescantia zebrina ''Tradescantia zebrina'', formerly known as ''Zebrina pendula'', is a species of creeping plant in the ''Tradescantia'' genus. Common names include silver inch plant and wandering Jew. The latter name (also sometimes used for the related species ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus ''Carex'' w ...

* ''

Bolboschoenus fluviatilis ''Bolboschoenus fluviatilis'', the river bulrush, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Its range includes Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Canada, the United States, and northeastern Mexico. ''B. fluviatilis'' ...

'' * '' Carex breviculmis'' * '' Carex inversa'' * '' Carex neesiana'' (Endemic) * ''

Cyperus albostriatus ''Cyperus albostriatus'' is a species of sedge that is native to southern parts of Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 mill ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Cyperus gracilis'' (Naturalised) * '' Cyperus involucratus'' (Naturalised) * '' Cyperus lucidus'' * ''

Cyperus rotundus ''Cyperus rotundus'' (coco-grass, Java grass, nut grass, purple nut sedge or purple nutsedge, red nut sedge, Khmer ''kravanh chruk''Martin, Robert & Pol Chanthy, 2009''Weeds of Upland Cambodia'', ACIAR Monagraph 141, Canberra.) is a species of ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Eleocharis acuta ''Eleocharis acuta'', commonly known as common spikerush or small spikerush, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia. Description The rhizomatous perennial herb to grass-like sedge typically grows to a height of . It bloo ...

'' * '' Isolepis inundata'' * ''

Isolepis nodosa ''Ficinia nodosa'', the knotted club-rush or knobby club-rush, is a rhizomatous perennial in the family Cyperaceae, native to South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Widespread in the Southern Hemisphere, ''Ficinia nodosa'' grows to between 15 ...

'' * ''Isolepis cernua'' var. ''setiformis'' (Endemic) ''Isolepis cernua'' var. ''setiformis'' appeared in ''Flora of Australia'' as "?Isolepis sp." * ''

Kyllinga brevifolia ''Kyllinga brevifolia'' is a species of Cyperaceae, sedge known by several common names, including shortleaf spikesedge, green kyllinga, perennial greenhead sedge, and kyllinga weed. It is native to tropical areas in the Americas but it can be fo ...

'' * '' Pycreus polystachyos'' * '' Schoenoplectus validus'' ;

''Flora of Australia'' treated ''

Dianella intermedia ''Dianella intermedia'', is a perennial herb of the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae, found in the Australian territories of Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. It was first described by Stephan Endlicher in 1833. It grows to ...

'' under the family

; it is now treated under the family

Xanthorrhoeaceae ''Xanthorrhoea'' () is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants endemic to Australia. Species are known by the name grass tree. Description All are perennials and have a secondary thickening meristem in the stem. Many, but not all, ...

. * ''

'' (Endemic) ;

Iridaceae Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It include ...

* '' Anomatheca laxa'' (Naturalised) * ''

Ferraria crispa ''Ferraria crispa'' is a species of monocotyledonous flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is native to South Africa. In Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country compr ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Gladiolus'' × ''hortulanus'' (Naturalised) * '' Homeria flaccida'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sisyrinchium micranthum ''Sisyrinchium micranthum'', commonly known as blue pigroot or striped rush-leaf, is a grass-like species in the iris family, Iridaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and South America South America is a continent entirely i ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Tritonia crocata'' (Naturalised) * '' Tritonia lineata'' (Naturalised) ;

Juncaceae Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and s ...

* ''

Juncus articulatus ''Juncus articulatus'' is a flowering plant species in the rush family Juncaceae. It is known by the common name jointleaf rush or jointed rush, which can also refer to '' J. kraussii'' from Australia. It is native to Eurasia, Canada, Greenland, ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Juncus australis ''Juncus australis'' is a species of rush known by the common names austral rush, leafless rush and wīwī. The species is native to south-eastern Australia and New Zealand, where it can be found around bodies of water. Its habitat is wet or s ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Juncus bufonius ''Juncus bufonius'', known commonly as toad rush, is a widespread flowering plant species complex in the rush family Juncaceae. Distribution Its native range is circumpolar throughout tropical, subtropical, subarctic, and temperate climate areas ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Juncus continuus ''Juncus continuus'' is a plant found in many parts of Australia. Often growing on sandy, moist soils, near fresh water. The specific epithet refers to the continuous pith within the stems. Basal leaves are reduced to sheaths, coloured yellow/gr ...

'' * ''

Juncus pallidus ''Juncus pallidus'', commonly known as the great soft-rush pale rush, giant rush, or leafless rush is a species of rush that is native to southern Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and Lord Howe Island. It is a vigorous, tufted, tussock- ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Juncus usitatus'' (Naturalised) ;

* '' Alstroemeria pulchella'' (Naturalised) * ''

Asparagus aethiopicus ''Asparagus aethiopicus'', Sprenger's asparagus, is a plant native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa. Often used as an ornamental plant, it is considered an invasive weed in many locations. Asparagus fern, asparagus ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Asparagus plumosis'' (Naturalised) * ''Crinum asiaticum'' var. ''pedunculatum'' * ''

Lilium formosanum ''Lilium formosanum'', also known as the Formosa lily or Taiwanese lily (), is a plant species in the Liliaceae, lily family, endemic to Taiwan.

'' (Naturalised) ;

Limnocharitaceae Limnocharitaceae was a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales.Robert R. Haynes, Donald H. Les, and Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen. 1998. "Limnocharitaceae". pages 271-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor) with Klaus Kubitzki, Her ...

* ''

Hydrocleys nymphoides ''Hydrocleys nymphoides'', the waterpoppy or water-poppy, is an aquatic plant species in the Alismataceae. It is widespread across South America, Central America, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and the Netherlands Antilles. It is cultivated in many place ...

'' ;

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

* '' Bulbophyllum argyropus'' * '' Dendrobium brachypus'' (Endemic) * ''Dendrobium macropus'' subsp. ''macropus'' (Endemic) * ''

Microtis unifolia ''Microtis unifolia'', commonly known as the common onion orchid, is a species of orchid occurring from south China to Japan, Malesia, and Australasia to the Southwest Pacific. It has a single green leaf and up to one hundred small green or yell ...

'' * ''

Oberonia titania ''Oberonia titania'', commonly known as the soldier's crest orchid or red-flowered king of the fairies, is a plant in the orchid Family (botany), family and is a clump-forming epiphyte. It has between four and ten leaves in a fan-like arrangement ...

'' * '' Phreatia limenophylax'' (Endemic) * '' Phreatia paleata'' * '' Taeniophyllum muelleri'' * ''

Thelymitra longifolia ''Thelymitra longifolia'', commonly called the white sun orchid, common sun orchid or maikuku, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. It was the first of a large number of similar species to be described ...

'' (Probably indigenous) * '' Tropidia viridifusca'' ;

Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important, wi ...

* '' Freycinetia baueriana'' (Endemic)'' Freycinetia baueriana'' was treated as ''F. b.'' subsp. ''baueriana'' in ''Flora of Australia''; it is now given species rank. ;

Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...

* ''

Agrostis avenacea ''Lachnagrostis filiformis'' ( syn. ''Agrostis avenacea'') is a species of grass known by the common names Pacific bent grass, New Zealand wind grass, fairy grass, or blown-grass. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, and other Pacific Islands ...

'' * ''

Aira cupaniana Aira cupaniana (Silver Hairgrass) is a species of annual herb in the family True grasses Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cerea ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Ammophila arenaria ''Ammophila arenaria'' is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is known by the common names marram grass and European beachgrass. It is one of two species of the genus ''Ammophila (Poaceae), Ammophila''. It is native to the coastlines of ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Anthoxanthum odoratum ''Anthoxanthum odoratum'', known as sweet vernal grass, is a short-lived perennial grass that is native to acidic grassland in Eurasia and northern Africa. It is grown as a lawn grass and a house plant, due to its sweet scent, and can also be f ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Arundo donax ''Arundo donax'' is a tall perennial cane. It is one of several so-called reed species. It has several common names including giant cane, elephant grass, carrizo, arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado river reed, wild cane, and giant reed. ''Arundo'' an ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Avena fatua ''Avena'' is a genus of Eurasian and African plants in the Poaceae, grass family. Collectively known as the oats, they include some species which have been cultivated for thousands of years as a food source for humans and livestock. They are w ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Avena sativa The oat (''Avena sativa''), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals). While oats are suitable for human con ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Axonopus fissifolius'' (Naturalised) * '' Bothriochloa macra'' (Naturalised) * ''

Briza maxima ''Briza maxima'' is a species of the grass genus ''Briza''. It is native to Northern Africa, Western Asia and Southern Europe and is cultivated or naturalised in the British Isles, the Azores, Australasia, the western United States, Central and S ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Briza minor ''Briza minor'' is a species of grass known by the common names lesser quaking-grass or little quakinggrass. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin, and it is known elsewhere, including much of North America, as an introduced species. It is an a ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Bromus arenarius ''Bromus arenarius'' is a species of brome grass known by the common name Australian brome. It is native to much of Australia, and it is known in New Zealand and parts of North America as an introduced species. It is an annual grass growing up t ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Bromus diandrus ''Bromus diandrus'' is a species of grass known by the common names great brome and "ripgut brome". Description This is a brome grass which is native to the Mediterranean but has been introduced to much of the rest of the world. It does best i ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Bromus hordeaceus ''Bromus hordeaceus'', the soft brome, is an annual or biennial species of grass in the true grass family ( Poaceae). It is also known in North America as bull grass, soft cheat, and soft chess. It is the most common species of ''Bromus'' in Bri ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Bromus scoparius'' (Naturalised) * '' Bromus willdenowii'' (Naturalised)''Flora of Australia'' listed '' Bromus catharticus'', but these specimens have now been referred to '' B. willdenowii''. * '' Catapodium rigidum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Cenchrus caliculatus ''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur “s ...

'' (Possibly extinct) * ''

Chloris gayana ''Chloris gayana'' is a species of grass known by the common name Rhodes grass. It is native to Africa but it can be found throughout the tropical and subtropical world as a naturalized species. It can grow in many types of habitat. It is also c ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Cortaderia selloana ''Cortaderia selloana'' is a species of flowering plant in the Poaceae family. It is referred to by the common name pampas grass, and is native to southern South America, including the Pampas region after which it is named. Etymology ''Cortade ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Cymbopogon refractus ''Cymbopogon refractus'', commonly known as barbed wire grass, is a species of perennial grass in the genus ''Cymbopogon'' of the family Poaceae. It is native to Australia. Description ''Cymbopogon refractus'' is a tufted perennial bunchgrass, w ...

'' * ''

Cynodon dactylon ''Cynodon dactylon'', commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a grass found worldwide. It is native to Europe, Africa, Australia and much of Asia. It has been introduced to the Americas. Although it is not native to Bermuda, it is an abundant invasi ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Dactylis glomerata ''Dactylis Glomerata'' is the sixth studio album by Swedish doom metal band Candlemass, released in 1998. This was their first album released since their split in 1994. The album was originally destined to be the second release by Candlemass ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Dichelachne crinita ''Dichelachne crinita '', commonly known as the longhair plume grass, is a type of grass found in Australia, New Zealand and islands of the Pacific Ocean. It is often seen on sandy soils near the sea as well as woodlands. The flowering panicles ...

'' * ''

Dichelachne micrantha ''Dichelachne'' is a genus of Australian, Indonesian, and Pacific Island plants in the grass family. They are known commonly as plumegrasses.Digitaria ciliaris ''Digitaria ciliaris'' is a species of grass known by the common names southern crabgrass,''Digitaria ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Digitaria setigera ''Digitaria'' is a genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family native to tropical and warm temperate regions but can occur in tropical, subtropical, and cooler temperate regions as well. Common names include crabgrass, finger-grass, and fonio. ...

'' * '' Echinochloa crusgalli'' (Naturalised) * '' Echinopogon ovatus'' * ''

Ehrharta erecta ''Ehrharta erecta'' is a species of grass commonly known as panic veldtgrass. The species is native to Southern Africa and Yemen. It is a documented invasive species in the United States, New Zealand, Australia, southern Europe, and China. The ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Eleusine indica ''Eleusine indica'', the Indian goosegrass, yard-grass, goosegrass, wiregrass, or crowfootgrass, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is a small annual grass distributed throughout the warmer areas of the world to about 50 degrees lat ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Elymus multiflorus'' subsp. ''kingianus'' ''Elymus multiflorus'' subsp. ''kingianus'' was listed at variety rank in ''Flora of Australia''; it was promoted in de Lange ''et al.'' (2005). * '' Elymus scaber''''Flora of Australia'' listed '' Elymus rectisetus'', but the Norfolk Island specimens have since been referred to '' E. scaber''. * '' Eragrostis brownii'' (Naturalised) * ''

Hordeum murinum ''Hordeum murinum'', commonly known as wall barley or false barley, is a species of grass. Overview ''Hordeum murinum'' is quite widespread and common. It flowers during May through July in mainly coastal areas. In the British Isles it is absent ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Lepturus repens ''Lepturus'' (common name thintail) is a genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family, native to Asia, Africa, Australia, and various islands in the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Islands, Pacific Oceans. ; Species * ''Lepturus anadabolavensis ...

'' (Possibly indigenous) * ''

Lolium perenne ''Lolium perenne'', common name perennial ryegrass, English ryegrass, winter ryegrass, or ray grass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world. ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Lolium rigidum'' var. ''rigidum'' (Naturalised) * ''Lolium rigidum'' var. ''rottboellioides'' (Naturalised) * ''

Melinis minutiflora ''Melinis minutiflora'', commonly known as molasses grass, is a species of grass. It is a perennial grass native to Africa, where it occurs in disjunct populations (an arc from central Angola to Cameroon in western central africa, the areas arou ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Microlaena stipoides ''Microlaena stipoides'', Synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Ehrharta stipoides'', is a species of Poaceae, grass. It occurs naturally in all states of Australia as well as in New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines.

'' * ''Oplismenus hirtellus'' subsp. ''hirtellus''''Flora of Australia'' listed the ''

Oplismenus hirtellus ''Oplismenus hirtellus'' (commonly known as basket grass) is a flowering perennial plant from the family Poaceae that can be found on every continent in the world except Antarctica, growing mostly in coastal tropic and subtropic regions as wel ...

''; de Lange ''et al.'' (2005) refined this to subspecies level as ''O. h.'' subsp. ''hirtellus'' and ''O. h.'' subsp. ''imbecillus'' * ''Oplismenus hirtellus'' subsp. ''imbecillus'' * ''

Panicum effusum ''Panicum effusum'', commonly known as hairy panic, is a grass native to inland Australia. It occurs in every mainland state, as well as New Guinea. In dry conditions, the fast-growing grass can become a tumbleweed. Description Hairy panic is a ...

'' * ''

Panicum maximum ''Megathyrsus maximus'', known as Guinea grass and green panic grass, is a large perennial bunch grass that is native to Africa and Yemen. It has been introduced in the tropics around the world. It has previously been called ''Urochloa maxima'' ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Paspalum dilatatum ''Paspalum dilatatum'' is a species of grass known by the common name dallisgrass, Dallas grass, or sticky heads. It is native to Brazil and Argentina, but it is known throughout the world as an introduced species and at times a common weed. Its ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Paspalum orbiculare''''Flora of Australia'' excluded '' Paspalum orbiculare'' because the author was unaware of any recent collections. At least one collection has been made since. * ''

Paspalum scrobiculatum ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'', commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet,A. E. Grant (1898), "Poisonous Koda millet". Letter to ''Nature'', volume 57, page 271.Harry Nelson Vinall(1917), ''Foxtail Millet: Its Culture and Utilization in the United S ...

'' * ''

Pennisetum clandestinum The tropical grass species ''Cenchrus clandestinus'' (previously Pennisetum clandestinum) is known by several common names, most often kikuyu grass, as it is native to the highland regions of East Africa that is home to the Kikuyu people. Becau ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Pennisetum purpureum ''Cenchrus purpureus'', synonym ''Pennisetum purpureum'', also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. arrell, G., Simons, S. A., & Hillocks, R. J. (2002). ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Phalaris minor ''Phalaris minor'' is a species of grass native to North Africa, Europe, and South Asia. The bunchgrass is widely naturalised elsewhere. Common names include little seed canary grass, small-seeded canary grass, small canary grass, lesser-canary ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Poa annua ''Poa annua'', or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Notwithstanding the reference to annual plant in its name, perennial bio-types ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Poa pratensis ''Poa pratensis'', commonly known as Kentucky bluegrass (or blue grass), smooth meadow-grass, or common meadow-grass, is a perennial species of grass native to practically all of Europe, North Asia and the mountains of Algeria and Morocco. Altho ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Rhynchelytrum repens'' (Naturalised) * '' Rostraria cristata'' (Naturalised) * ''

Setaria palmifolia ''Setaria palmifolia'' is a species of grass known by the common names palmgrass, highland pitpit, hailans pitpit, short pitpit, broadleaved bristlegrass, and knotroot. In Spanish it is called ''pasto de palma'' and in Samoan ''vao 'ofe 'ofe''.< ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Setaria pumila'' subsp. ''pallidefusca'' (Naturalised) * ''

Setaria verticillata ''Setaria verticillata'' is a species of grass known by the common names hooked bristlegrass, rough bristle-grass and bristly foxtail. It is native to Europe, but it is known on most continents as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. I ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sorghum arundinaceum ''Sorghum arundinaceum'', the common wild sorghum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is native to SubSaharan Africa, Madagascar, many of the Indian Ocean islands, and the Indian Subcontinent, and has been introduced to nor ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''

Spinifex sericeus ''Spinifex sericeus'', commonly known as hairy spinifex, rolling spinifex, beach spinifex or coastal spinifex, is a dioecious perennial grass. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Tonga. It is an important pioneer species ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Sporobolus africanus'' (Naturalised) * ''

Sporobolus virginicus ''Sporobolus virginicus'', known by numerous common names including seashore dropseed, marine couch, sand couch, salt couch grass, saltwater couch, coastal rat-tail grass, and nioaka, is a species of grass with a wide distribution. Description ...

'' * ''

Stenotaphrum secundatum St. Augustine grass (''Stenotaphrum secundatum''), also known as buffalo turf in Australia and buffalo grass in South Africa, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is a warm-season lawn grass that is popular for cultivation in tropica ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Trisetum arduanum'' (Naturalised) * ''

Vulpia bromoides ''Vulpia bromoides'', squirreltail fescue, barren fescue or brome fescue, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as ...

'' (Naturalised) * ''Vulpia myuros'' f. ''megalura'' (Naturalised) ;

Pontederiaceae Pontederiaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG system of 1998) places the family in the order Commelinales, in the commelinid clade, in ...

* ''

Eichhornia crassipes ''Pontederia crassipes'' (formerly ''Eichhornia crassipes''), commonly known as common water hyacinth is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive species, invasive outside its native range ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Smilacaceae Smilacaceae, the greenbriers, is a family of flowering plants. While they were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, most recent botanists have accepted the two as distinct families, diverging around 55 million years ago dur ...

* '' Geitonoplesium cymosum'' ;

Typhaceae The Typhaceae () are a family of flowering plants, sometimes called the cattail family. The botanical name for the family has been recognized by most taxonomists. Description Members can be recognized as large marsh herbs with alternate two-rank ...

* ''

Typha orientalis ''Typha orientalis'', commonly known as bulrush, cumbungi, or raupō, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus ''Typha''. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, China and the ...

Pinophyta

Two species of

Pinophyta Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class, Pinopsida. All extan ...

(conifers) occur on Norfolk Island: the popular endemic ''

Araucaria heterophylla ''Araucaria heterophylla'' (synonym ''A. excelsa'') is a species of conifer. As its vernacular name Norfolk Island pine (or Norfolk pine) implies, the tree is endemic to Norfolk Island, an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific ...

'' (Norfolk Island Pine), and the naturalised ''

Cupressus lusitanica ''Cupressus lusitanica'', the Mexican cedar or cedar-of-Goa, is a species of cypress native to Mexico and Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras). It has also been introduced to Belize, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, growing at altitu ...

''. ;

Araucariaceae Araucariaceae – also known as araucarians – is an extremely ancient family of coniferous trees. The family achieved its maximum diversity during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods and the early Cenozoic, when it was distributed almost worldw ...

* ''

'' (Endemic) ;

Cupressaceae Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress family, with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdio ...

* ''

'' (Naturalised)

Pteridophyta

The

Pteridophyta A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ferns, ...

(ferns) are represented on Norfolk Island by 14 families, 24 genera, and 37 species. Seven species are endemic; none are naturalised. ;

Adiantaceae Vittarioideae is a subfamily of the fern family Pteridaceae, in the order Polypodiales. The subfamily includes the previous families Adiantaceae (adiantoids or maidenhair ferns) and Vittariaceae (vittarioids or shoestring ferns). Description The ...

* '' Adiantum diaphanum'' * '' Adiantum pubescens'' * '' Cheilanthes distans'' * ''

Cheilanthes sieberi ''Cheilanthes sieberi'' is a small fern growing in many parts of Australia, New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and ...

'' * ''

Pellaea rotundifolia ''Pellaea rotundifolia'', the button fern, is a species of fern endemic to New Zealand, where it grows in scrub and forests. It is also a popular garden plant (in zones 8 and 9) and house plant, tolerating low temperatures but not freezing. ''Pe ...

'' ;

Aspleniaceae The Aspleniaceae (spleenworts) are a family of ferns, included in the order Polypodiales. The composition and classification of the family have been subject to considerable changes. In particular, there is a narrow circumscription, Aspleniaceae ...

* ''Asplenium australasicum'' f. ''australasicum'' * ''Asplenium australasicum'' f. ''robinsonii'' * ''

Asplenium difforme ''Asplenium difforme'' is a plant in the spleenwort group of ferns. Its habitat is cracks in rocky headlands beside the sea. It is found in eastern Australia and Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an externa ...

'' * ''

Asplenium dimorphum ''Asplenium dimorphum'', the Norfolk Island spleenwort, is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae, endemic to Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacif ...

'' (Endemic) * ''

Asplenium polyodon ''Asplenium polyodon'', commonly known as sickle spleenwort, is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae. The distribution of ''A. polyodon'' includes parts of the countries of Australia and New Zealand. A specific locale of occurrence is in ...

'' ;

Athyriaceae The Athyriaceae (ladyferns and allies) are a family of terrestrial ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae, and includes two gene ...

* '' Diplazium assimile'' * ''

Diplazium australe ''Diplazium australe'', commonly known as the Austral lady fern, is a small fern occurring in eastern Australia, New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main ...

'' * '' Lunathyrium japonicum'' ; Azollaceae * ''

Azolla pinnata ''Azolla pinnata'' is a species of fern known by several common names, including mosquitofern, feathered mosquitofern and water velvet. It is native to much of Africa, Asia (Brunei Darussalam, China, India, Japan, Korea, and the Philippines) and ...

'' ;

Blechnaceae Blechnaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Its status as a family and the number of genera included have both varied considerably. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 ( ...

* ''

Blechnum norfolkianum ''Blechnum'', known as hard fern, is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by ...

'' * ''

Doodia aspera ''Doodia aspera'', commonly known as prickly rasp fern, is a widespread and common plant, growing in eastern Australia. Often seen in rainforest margins or eucalyptus forest in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, it is a terrestrial fern ...

'' * ''

Doodia media ''Doodia media'', also known as rasp fern (or ''pukupuku'' in Māori), is a fern species in the family Blechnaceae. The species was formally described by botanist Robert Brown in 1810. Distribution of the species includes New Zealand's North Isl ...

'' ;

Cyatheaceae The Cyatheaceae are a family of ferns, the scaly tree ferns, one of eight families in the order Cyatheales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family may defined much more broadly (Cyatheaceae '' ...

* ''Cyathea australis'' subsp. ''norfolkensis'' (Endemic * ''

Cyathea brownii ''Sphaeropteris excelsa'', synonym ''Cyathea brownii'', commonly known as the Norfolk tree fern or smooth tree fern, is probably the largest fern species in the world. It is endemic to Norfolk Island, in the Pacific Ocean near Australia and New ...

'' (Endemic) ;

Davalliaceae '' Davallia'' (deersfoot fern, hare's foot fern, shinobu fern, rabbit foot fern, ball fern) is a genus of about 40 species of fern. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family Davalli ...

* ''

Arthropteris tenella ''Arthropteris tenella'' is a rainforest fern of the genus ''Arthropteris'' native to eastern Australia and New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landm ...

'' * ''

Nephrolepis cordifolia ''Nephrolepis cordifolia'', is a fern native to the global tropics, including northeastern Australia and Asia. It has many common names including fishbone fern, tuberous sword fern, tuber ladder fern, erect sword fern, narrow sword fern and ladde ...

'' * ''

Nephrolepis flexuosa ''Nephrolepis'' is a genus of about 30 species of ferns. It is the only genus in the family Nephrolepidaceae, placed in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods I) of the order Polypodiales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 ...

''''Flora of Australia'' does not include ''

'', as this name was then considered synonymous with ''

''. It was re-instated as a current species name by de Lange ''et al.'' in 2005. ;

Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtiaceae is one of fifteen families in the order Polypodiales, the most derived families within monilophytes (ferns). It comprises 10 genera with ca 240 known species, including one of the world's most abundant ferns, ''Pteridium aquilin ...

* ''

Histiopteris incisa ''Histiopteris incisa'', the bat's wing fern, water fern or fern mata, is a common plant found in Australia, New Zealand and other islands in the south Pacific region. Usually found in moist areas, where it may form large colonies. The lowermos ...

'' * '' Hypolepis dicksonioides'' * ''

Hypolepis distans ''Hiya distans'', formerly ''Hypolepis distans'', known as the scrambling ground fern is a small fern found in soils with a high humus layer, or swampy areas in New Zealand. Less often seen in Australia. Rarely recorded in north west Tasmania a ...

'' (Naturalised) * '' Hypolepis tenuifolia'' * ''

Pteridium esculentum ''Pteridium esculentum'', commonly known as bracken fern, Austral bracken or simply bracken, is a species of the bracken genus native to a number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Esculentum means edible. First described as ''Pteris escul ...

'' ;

Dryopteridaceae The Dryopteridaceae are a Family (biology), family of leptosporangiate ferns in the Order (biology), order Polypodiales. They are known Common name, colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG&n ...

* '' Arachnoides aristata'' * '' Lastreopsis calantha'' (Endemic) ;

Gleicheniaceae The forked ferns are the family Gleicheniaceae, which includes six genera and about 160 known species. The formerly independent families Dicranopteridaceae and Stromatopteridaceae are generally included in the Gleicheniaceae, whereas the Dipterid ...

* ''

Dicranopteris linearis ''Dicranopteris linearis'' is a common species of fern known by many common names, including Old World forked fern, ''uluhe'' ( Hawaiian), and ''dilim'' ( Filipino). It is one of the most widely distributed ferns of the wet Old World tropics and ...

'' ;

Hymenophyllaceae The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp pla ...

* '' Cephalomanes bauerianum'' (Endemic) * '' Credidomanes endlicherianum'' * '' Credidomanes saxifragioides'' ;

Marattiaceae Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about ...

* '' Marattis salicina'' ;

Nephrolepidaceae ''Nephrolepis'' is a genus of about 30 species of ferns. It is the only genus in the family Nephrolepidaceae, placed in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods I) of the order Polypodiales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 ...

*''

'' (Naturalised) ;

Polypodiaceae Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader ...

* ''Phymatosorus pustulatus'' subsp. ''pustulatus'' * ''

Platycerium bifurcatum ''Platycerium bifurcatum'', the elkhorn fern or common staghorn fern, is a species of fern native to Java, New Guinea and eastern Australia, in New South Wales, Queensland and on Lord Howe Island. It is a bracket epiphyte occurring in and near ...

''(Naturalised) * '' Pyrrosia confluens'' ;

Pteridaceae Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recogni ...

* '' Pteris kingiana'' (Endemic) * '' Pteris tremula'' * ''

Pteris zahlbruckneriana ''Pteris'' (brake) is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, southward to New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, north to Japan and N ...

'' (Endemic) * ''

Pteris vittata ''Pteris vittata'', commonly known variously as the Chinese brake, Chinese ladder brake, or simply ladder brake, is a fern species in the Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is indigenous to Asia, southern Europe, tropical Africa and Au ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Salviniaceae Salviniaceae (), is a family of heterosporous ferns in the order Salviniales. The Salviniaceae contain the two genera ''Azolla'' and ''Salvinia'', with about 20 known species in total. The oldest records of the family date to the Late Cretaceous ...

* ''

Salvinia molesta ''Salvinia molesta'', commonly known as giant salvinia, or as kariba weed after it infested a large portion of Lake Kariba between Zimbabwe and Zambia, is an aquatic fern, native to south-eastern Brazil. It is a free-floating plant that does n ...

'' (Naturalised) ;

Thelypteridaceae Thelypteridaceae is a family of about 900 species of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae. Alternatively, the family may be submerged in a v ...

* ''

Christella dentata ''Christella dentata'' is a small fern with widespread distribution in Australia and islands in the south Pacific Ocean. There are many local common names. In New South Wales it grows north from the southern Illawarra region and is known as binun ...

'' * ''

Christella parasitica ''Christella parasitica'' is a species of fern in the Thelypteridaceae family. A widespread species found in many parts of the world. In Australia, this fern is recorded from Queensland, Norfolk Island and northern New South Wales. References

'' * '' Macrothelypteris torresiana'' ;

Vittariaceae Vittarioideae is a subfamily of the fern family Pteridaceae, in the order Polypodiales. The subfamily includes the previous families Adiantaceae (adiantoids or maidenhair ferns) and Vittariaceae (vittarioids or shoestring ferns). Description The ...

* '' Vittaria elongata''

Lycopodiophyta The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a vascular plant (tracheophyte) subgroup of the kingdom Plantae. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldest ...

Norfolk Island has two species of

Lycopodiophyta The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a vascular plant (tracheophyte) subgroup of the kingdom Plantae. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldest ...

,''Flora of Australia'' places

Lycopodiaceae The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and about 400 known species. This family originated about 380 mil ...

and

Selaginellaceae ''Selaginella'' is the sole genus of vascular plants in the family Selaginellaceae, the spikemosses or lesser clubmosses. This family is distinguished from Lycopodiaceae The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an o ...

; in modern taxonomy these are placed in

. the indigenous club moss ''

Lycopodiella cernua ''Lycopodiella'' is a genus in the clubmoss Family (biology), family Lycopodiaceae. The genus members are commonly called bog clubmosses, describing their wetland habitat (ecology), habitat. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with centers ...

'' and the naturalised spikemoss ''

Selaginella kraussiana ''Selaginella kraussiana'' is a species of vascular plant in the family Selaginellaceae. It is referred to by the common names Krauss' spikemoss, Krauss's clubmoss, or African clubmoss, and is found naturally in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and in ...

''. ;

* ''

'' ;

* ''

'' (Naturalised)

Psilotophyta

Norfolk Island has two species of Psilotophyta.''Flora of Australia'' places

Psilotaceae Psilotaceae is a family of ferns (class Polypodiopsida) consisting of two genera, ''Psilotum'' and ''Tmesipteris'' with about a dozen species. It is the only family in the order Psilotales. Description Once thought to be descendants of early va ...

; in modern taxonomy this is placed in Psilotophyta. ;

* ''

Psilotum nudum ''Psilotum nudum'', the whisk fern, is a fernlike plant. Like the other species in the order Psilotales, it lacks roots. Its name, ''Psilotum nudum'', means "bare naked" in Latin, because it lacks (or seems to lack) most of the organs of typica ...

'' * ''

Tmesipteris norfolkensis ''Tmesipteris'', the hanging fork ferns, is a genus of ferns, one of two genera in the family Psilotaceae, order Psilotales (the other being ''Psilotum''). ''Tmesipteris'' is restricted to certain lands in the Southern Pacific, notably Australia, ...

'' (Endemic)

Ophioglossophyta

Norfolk Island has one species of Ophioglossophyta.''Flora of Australia'' places

Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossaceae, the adder's-tongue family, is a small family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only family in the order Ophioglossales, which together with the Psilotales is placed in the sub ...

; in modern taxonomy this is placed in Ophioglossophyta. ;

* ''

Ophioglossum petiolatum ''Ophioglossum petiolatum'' is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae. William Jackson Hooker named this species in 1823. The species occurs in parts of Asia, Australia, and North America. Common names According to Encyclopedia of L ...

Notes

References

* * {{cite journal , doi = 10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512975 , author = de Lange, P. J., year = 2005 , title = Vascular flora of Norfolk Island: some additions and taxonomic notes , journal = New Zealand Journal of Botany , volume = 43 , pages = 563–596 , issue = 2, display-authors=etal, doi-access = Norfolk Island, Flora of

List of flora of Norfolk Island

Eudicotyledon The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons. Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots ...s

Monocotyledons

Pinophyta

Pteridophyta

Lycopodiophyta The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a vascular plant (tracheophyte) subgroup of the kingdom Plantae. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldest ...

Psilotophyta

Ophioglossophyta

Notes

References

Eudicotyledon The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons. Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots ...
s