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Blechnaceae
Blechnaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Its status as a family and the number of genera included have both varied considerably. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family has 24 genera, and excludes genera placed in the separate family Onocleaceae. The family is divided into three subfamilies, including Blechnoideae s.s. Alternatively, the entire family may be treated as the subfamily Blechnoideae s.l. of a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae, and include genera others place in Onocleaceae. Description Most are ground dwelling, some are climbers, such as ''Stenochlaena''. A characteristic feature of many species is that the young opening fronds are usually tinged with red. Taxonomy The family was created by Newman in 1844. In 2014, Christenhusz and Chase submerged it as subfamily Blechnoideae within the family Aspleniaceae and included Onocleaceae in it. The PPG I classifica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiales
The order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas. Description Polypodiales are unique in bearing sporangia with a vertical annulus interrupted by the stalk and stomium. These sporangial characters were used by Johann Jakob Bernhardi to define a group of ferns he called the "Cathetogyratae"; the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group has suggested reviving this name as the informal term cathetogyrates, to replace the ambiguously circumscribed term "polypods" when referring to the Polypodiales. The sporangia are born on stalks 1–3 cells thick and are often long-stalked. (In contrast, the Hymenophyllales have a stalk composed of four rows of cells.) The sporangia do not reach maturity simultaneously. Many groups in the order lack indusia, but when present, they are attached either along the edge of the indusium or in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Struthiopteris Spicant
''Struthiopteris spicant'', syn. ''Blechnum spicant'', is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae, known by the common names hard-fern or deer fern. It is native to Europe, western Asia, northern Africa, and western North America. Like some other species in the family Blechnaceae, it has two types of leaves. The sterile leaves have flat, wavy-margined leaflets 5 to 8 millimeters wide, while the fertile leaves have much narrower leaflets, each with two thick rows of sori on the underside. The Latin specific epithet ''spicant'' is of uncertain origin, possibly referring to a tufted or spiky habit. ''S. spicant'' is hardy down to and evergreen, growing to . It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The species was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus as ''Osmunda spicant''. It has been placed in a wide range of genera, including ''Blechnum'' (as ''Blechnum spicant''). In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brainea
''Brainea'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species ''Brainea insignis'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relation ... classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. References Blechnaceae Monotypic fern genera {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blechnidium
''Blechnidium'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species ''Blechnidium melanopus'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relation ... classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. References Blechnaceae Monotypic fern genera {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austroblechnum
''Austroblechnum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. Species , using the PPG I classification system, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species and hybrids: *'' Austroblechnum aequatoriense'' (A.Rojas) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich * ''Austroblechnum'' × ''aggregatum'' (Colenso) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum andinum'' (Baker) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *''Austroblechnum ascendens'' (A.Rojas) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *''Austroblechnum asperum'' (Klotzsch) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *''Austroblechnum bakeri'' (C.Chr.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *''Austroblechnum banksii'' (Hook.f.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich *'' Austroblechnum colensoi'' (Hook ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchistea
''Anchistea'' is a genus of leptosporangiate ferns in the family Blechnaceae. It has only one species, ''Anchistea virginica'' (synonym ''Woodwardia virginica'') the Virginia chain fern, which has long creeping, scaly, underground stems or rhizomes giving rise to tall (up to about 4 feet, 120 centimetres) widely separated, deciduous, single leaves. In contrast, the leaves of ''Osmundastrum cinnamomeum'', which can be mistaken for ''A. virginica'', grow in a group from a crown. Also in contrast to ''O. cinnamomeum'' the leaves are monomorphic without distinct fertile fronds. The lower petiole or stipe is dark purple to black, shiny and swollen, the upper rachis is dull green. The leaf blade is green and lanceolate, composed of 12 to 23 paired, alternate pinnatifid pinnae. The pinnae are subdivided into 15 to 20 paired segments that are ovate to oblong. The lower rachis is naked for about half its length. The sori or spore-producing bodies are found on the underside of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blechnopsis
''Blechnopsis'' is a small genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. Species , using the PPG I classification system, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted two species: *''Blechnopsis finlaysoniana'' (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl *''Blechnopsis orientalis ''Blechnopsis'' is a small genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae Blechnaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Its status as a family and the number of genera included have both varied ...'' (L.) C.Presl References Blechnaceae Fern genera {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blechnum
''Blechnum'', known as hard fern, is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by different authors. In the PPG I system, based on Gasper et al. (2016), ''Blechnum'' is one of 18 genera in the subfamily Blechnoideae, and has about 30 species. Other sources use a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'' s.l., including accepting only two other genera in the subfamily. The genus then has about 250 species. In the PPG I circumscription, the genus is mostly neotropical, with a few southern African species. Description Plants in the genus ''Blechnum'' (as circumscribed in the PPG I classification) are mainly terrestrial or grow on rocks; few are epiphytes. Their rhizomes may be upright or creeping and have scales with entire margins or at most a few very small teeth. They generally form stolons, which is a characteristic of the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenochlaena
''Stenochlaena'' is a genus of ferns of the plant family Blechnaceae. Six species were formally accepted in an April 2013 scientific review of the genus, first written some years earlier and submitted in 2009. One additional species ''S. hainanensis'' awaits confirmation of its difference from ''S. palustris'' by means of differences in fertile material and/or its formal publication. One additional likely species grows naturally in Cameroon, Africa, recognised with the descriptive name ''Stenochlaena'' sp. 'Cameroon' but it awaits formal description. Some species of Stenochlaena are common as climbing ferns in South-East Asian rainforests. After the end-Cretaceous mass extinction caused by an asteroid impact, a species of Stenochlaena was essentially the only common plant across North America for several thousand years. ''Stenochlaena palustris'' is known as ''midin'' in Sarawak, Malaysia and it is eaten as a popular vegetable similar to fiddlehead ferns, which is usually flavour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadleria
''Sadleria'' is a genus of six species of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, all endemic to Hawaii.Fern pages''Sadleria''/ref> Taxonomy Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss distinguished the genus in 1824 based on samples of ''S. cyatheoides'' acquired by Adelbert von Chamisso in 1821. Chamisso had been serving as the naturalist for a Russian scientific expedition led by Otto von Kotzebue aboard the vessel ''Rurick''. Kaulfuss named the genus after Joseph Sadler (1791–1849), a Hungarian naturalist studied European ferns. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *''Sadleria cyatheoides'' Kaulf. (amaumau fern or rasp fern) *''Sadleria pallida'' Hook. & Arn. *''Sadleria souleyetiana'' (Gaudich.) Moore *''Sadleria squarrosa'' (Gaudich.) T.Moore *''Sadleria unisora'' (Baker) Rob. *''Sadleria wagneriana'' D.D.Palmer & Flynn The Halemaumau crater on Kīlauea Kīlauea ( , ) is an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands. Located a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodwardia
''Woodwardia'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods II) of the order Polypodiales. Species are known as chain ferns. The genus is native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are large ferns, with fronds growing to 50–300 cm long depending on the species. The fossil record of the genus extends to the Paleocene. Taxonomy ''Woodwardia'' was first described by James Edward Smith in 1793. It was named after Thomas Jenkinson Woodward. When broadly circumscribed, the genus contains about 15 species (plus some hybrids). In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the genera '' Anchistea'' and '' Lorinseria'' (each with one species) are kept separate. Species , Plants of the World Online accepts the following species, excluding those placed in other genera in the PPG I system. *'' Woodwardia auriculata'' Blume *'' Woodwardia fimbriata'' Sm. *'' Woodwardia harlandii'' H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onocleaceae
Onocleaceae is a small family of terrestrial ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family, along with Blechnaceae, may be placed in a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae as the subfamily Blechnoideae. The family may contain from one to four genera, consisting of five species largely in north temperate climes. The four genera, ''Matteuccia'', ''Onoclea'', ''Onocleopsis'' and '' Pentarhizidium'', may be included under the single genus ''Onoclea''. Description Members of the family have the following characteristics, being distinguished by having strongly dimorphic fronds, with the fertile fronds different from the sterile fronds. The rhizomes are long- to short-creeping to ascending, and sometimes stoloniferous (''Matteuccia'' and ''Onocleopsis''). The leaves are strongly dimorphic and the petioles have two vascular bundles uniting distally into a gutter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
