5 March

Events

Pre-1600

* 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
* 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he will later describe in his book '' Safarnama''.
*1279 – The Livonian Order is defeated in the Battle of Aizkraukle by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
*1496 – King Henry VII of England issues letters patent to John Cabot and his sons, authorising them to explore unknown lands.

1601–1900

*1616 – Nicolaus Copernicus's book ''On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres'' is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published.
*1766 – Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
*1770 – Boston Massacre: Five Americans, including Crispus Attucks, are fatally shot by British troops in an event that would contribute to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War (also known as the American War of Independence) five years later.
*1811 – Peninsular War: A French force under the command of Marshal Victor is routed while trying to prevent an Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese army from lifting the Siege of Cádiz in the Battle of Barrosa.
* 1824 – First Anglo-Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma.
*1825 – Roberto Cofresí, one of the last successful Caribbean pirates, is defeated in combat and captured by authorities.
*1836 – Samuel Colt patents the first production-model revolver, the .34-caliber.
*1850 – The Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales is opened.
*1860 – Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia.
*1868 – ''Mefistofele'', an opera by Arrigo Boito, receives its premiere performance at La Scala.
*1872 – George Westinghouse patents the air brake.

1901–present

*1906 – Moro Rebellion: United States Army troops bring overwhelming force against the native Moros in the First Battle of Bud Dajo, leaving only six survivors.
* 1912 – Italo-Turkish War: Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, employing them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.
*1931 – The British Raj: Gandhi–Irwin Pact is signed.
* 1933 – Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship.
*1936 – First flight of ''K5054'', the first prototype Supermarine Spitfire advanced monoplane fighter aircraft in the United Kingdom.
* 1939 – Spanish Civil War: The National Defence Council seizes control of the republican government in a coup d'etat, with the intention of negotiating an end to the war.
*1940 – Six high-ranking members of the Soviet politburo, including Joseph Stalin, sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs, in what will become known as the Katyn massacre.
*1942 – World War II: Japanese forces capture Batavia, capital of Dutch East Indies, which is left undefended after the withdrawal of the KNIL garrison and Australian Blackforce battalion to Buitenzorg

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