The alphabetical index of philosophy is so large it had to be broken up into several pages. To look up a topic in

philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

, click on the first letter of its name. To find topics by core area, field, major philosophical tradition, or time periods, see the subheadings further below.

Philosophy contents

Lists

List articles are pages consisting of a lead section followed by a list (which may or may not be divided by headings). The items on these lists include links to articles in a particular subject area, and may include additional information about the listed items. *

List of philosophers This is a list of lists of philosophers, organized by subarea, nationality, religion, and time period. Lists of philosophers by subfield * List of aestheticians * List of critical theorists * List of environmental philosophers * List of epistemo ...

List of philosophical concepts __NOTOC__ A * A priori and a posteriori * Absolute * Absolute time and space * Abstract and concrete * Adiaphora * Aesthetic emotions * Aesthetic interpretation * Agathusia and aschimothusia * Alief * All men are created equal * Analytic-sy ...

* List of philosophical literature * List of philosophical organizations *

List of philosophy awards This list of philosophy awards is an index to articles about notable awards related to philosophy. The list shows the country of the organization giving the award. Many of the awards are not limited to people from this country. References { ...

List of philosophies Philosophical schools of thought and philosophical movements. A Absurdism - Action, philosophy of - Actual idealism - Actualism - Advaita Vedanta - Aesthetic Realism - Aesthetics - African philosophy - Afrocentrism - Agential realism - Ag ...

* List of philosophy anniversaries *

List of schools of philosophy {{Horizontal TOC, nonum=on A * Absurdism * Academic skepticism * Achintya Bheda Abheda * Advaita Vedanta * Agnosticism * Ajātivāda * Ājīvika * Ajñana * Alexandrian school * Analytic philosophy * Analytical Thomism * Anarchist schools of ...

Philosophy articles

* Index of philosophy articles (A–C) * Index of philosophy articles (D–H) * Index of philosophy articles (I–Q) * Index of philosophy articles (R–Z)

Core areas of philosophy

* Index of aesthetics articles * Index of epistemology articles *

Index of ethics articles This Index of ethics articles puts articles relevant to well-known ethical (right and wrong, good and bad) debates and decisions in one place - including practical problems long known in philosophy, and the more abstract subjects in law, politics ...

* Index of logic articles *

Index of metaphysics articles Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. Cosmology and ontology are traditional branches of metaphysics. It is concerned with explaining the fundamental nature o ...

* Index of social and political philosophy articles

Other fields of philosophy

Index of philosophy of law articles This is an index of articles in jurisprudence. * A Failure of Capitalism * Alf Ross * American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy * Analytical jurisprudence * Anarchist law * Antinomianism * António Castanheira Neves * Archon * Argume ...

* Index of philosophy of language articles *

Index of philosophy of mind articles Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the ontology and nature of the mind and its relationship with the body. The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a number of other issues are add ...

Index of philosophy of religion articles Articles related to philosophy of religion include: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z See also * List of philosophers of re ...

Index of philosophy of science articles An index list of articles about the philosophy of science. Index list * A-series and B-series * A New Model of the Universe * Abductive reasoning * Abner Shimony * Abstinence * Adolf Grünbaum * Alan Turing * Albert Einstein * Alexandre Koyr� ...

History of philosophy

Index of ancient philosophy articles This page is a list of topics in ancient philosophy. A Abas (sophist) - Abderites - Academic skepticism - Academy - Acatalepsy - Acrion - Active intellect - Actus et potentia - Acumenus - Adiaphora - Adrastus of Aphrodisias - Adrianus - Aed ...

Index of medieval philosophy articles This is a list of articles in medieval philosophy. A * Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin al-Qushayri * Abhinavagupta * Abner of Burgos * Abraham bar Hiyya * Abraham ibn Daud * Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī * Abu Rayhan Biruni * Abu Yaqub Sijistani * Ach ...

Index of modern philosophy articles This is a list of articles in modern philosophy. * 1649 in philosophy * 1658 in philosophy * 17th century philosophy * A Few Words on Non-Intervention * A General View of Positivism * A Letter Concerning Toleration * A Philosophical Enquiry in ...

Index of contemporary philosophy articles This is a list of articles in contemporary philosophy. * 1926 in philosophy * 1962 in philosophy * 20th-century philosophy * A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity * A New Refutation of Time * A. C. Grayling * A ...

Major traditions in philosophy

Index of analytic philosophy articles This is a list of articles in analytic philosophy. * A. C. Grayling * Actualism * Alfred Jules Ayer * Aloysius Martinich * Analysis * Analytic philosophy * Analytic reasoning * Analytic–synthetic distinction * Arda Denkel * Arthur Danto * ...

Index of continental philosophy articles This is a list of articles in continental philosophy. * Abandonment (existentialism) * Abjection * Absurdism * Achieving Our Country * Albert Camus * Alberto Moreiras * Albrecht Wellmer * Alexandru Dragomir * Alfred Adler * Allan Bloom * ...

Index of Eastern philosophy articles This is a list of articles in Eastern philosophy. A * A. R. Natarajan * Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin al-Qushayri * Abhidharma * Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī * Achintya Bheda Abheda * Adi Shankara * Adrsta * Advaita Vedanta * Ahankara * Ahimsa ...

Lists of philosophers

List of philosophers (A–C) Philosophers ''(and others important in the history of philosophy)'', listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.'' A * Nicola A ...

* List of philosophers (D–H) *

List of philosophers (I–Q) Philosophers ''(and others important in the history of philosophy)'', listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.'' I * Iamblich ...

List of philosophers (R–Z) Philosophers ''(and others important in the history of philosophy)'', listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.'' R * Françoi ...

List of female philosophers __NOTOC__ This is a list of women philosophers ordered alphabetically by surname. Although often overlooked in mainstream historiography, women have engaged in philosophy throughout the field's history. Some notable philosophers include Maitreyi ...

Philosophers by area of study

List of aestheticians This is a list of aestheticians, philosophers of art, who theorize about the nature of art and beauty. Born before 17th century *Abhinavagupta *Anandavardhana *Thomas Aquinas *Aristotle *Augustine of Hippo *Yusuf Balasagun * Liu Xie *Plato ...

List of ethicists List of ethicists including religious or political figures recognized by those outside their tradition as having made major contributions to ideas about ethics, or raised major controversies by taking strong positions on previously unexplored pro ...

List of epistemologists This is a list of epistemologists, that is, people who theorize about the nature of knowledge, belief formation and the nature of justification. This list is by necessity incomplete, since countless other philosophers also deal with epistemolog ...

List of logicians A logician is a person who studies logic. Some famous logicians are listed below in English alphabetical transliteration order (by surname). __NOTOC__ A * Peter Abelard (France, 1079–1142) * Wilhelm Ackermann (Germany, 1896–1962) * Serge ...

List of metaphysicians This is a list of metaphysicians, philosophers who specialize in metaphysics. ''See also Lists of philosophers.'' Metaphysicians born BC * Pythagoras * Thales * Anaximander * Anaximenes * Xenophanes * Heraclitus * Parmenides * Zeno of Elea * ...

List of philosophers of science This is a chronological list of philosophers of science. For an alphabetical name-list, see :Philosophers of science. Before the 16th century * Socrates * Democritus * Plato * Aristotle * Empedocles * Al-Ghazali * Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) * Robe ...

* List of philosophers of technology *

List of social and political philosophers The following is an index of sociopolitical thinkers listed by the first name. Alphabetical list Lists of other social and political philosophers * List of Confucianists *List of critical theorists *List of Existentialists * List of politic ...

List of political philosophers This is a list of notable political philosophers, including some who may be better known for their work in other areas of philosophy. The entries are in order by year of birth to show rough direction of influences and of development of political ...

Philosophers by major tradition

* List of analytic philosophers *

List of ancient Platonists Platonists are followers of Platonism, the philosophy of Plato. Platonism can be said to have begun when Plato founded his academy c. 385 BC. Ancient Platonism went on to last until the end of the last remaining pagan school of Platonism in Alexand ...

* List of scholastic philosophers *List of Continental philosophers **

List of critical theorists This is a list of critical theorists. {{Dynamic list A * Theodor Adorno * Karl-Otto Apel * Michael Apple B * Gad Barzilai * Jean Baudrillard * Zygmunt Bauman * Regina Becker-Schmidt * Walter Benjamin * Lauren Berlant * Michael Betancourt * ...

List of existentialists Existentialism is a movement within continental philosophy that developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries. As a loose philosophical school, some persons associated with existentialism explicitly rejected the label (e.g. Martin Heidegger), and ...

List of phenomenologists This is a list of phenomenology (philosophy), phenomenologists * Edmund Husserl * Martin Heidegger * Heinrich Rombach * Edith Stein * Moritz Geiger * Aron Gurwitsch * Alfred Schütz * Felix Kaufmann * Roman Ingarden * Herbert Spiegelberg * Maur ...

List of thinkers influenced by deconstruction This is a list of thinkers who have been dealt with deconstruction, a term developed by French philosopher Jacques Derrida (1930-2004). __NOTOC__ The thinkers included in this list ''have Wikipedia pages'' and satisfy at least one of the three ...

List of utilitarians This is an incomplete list of advocates of utilitarianism and/or consequentialism. Deceased Ancient * Epicurus *Lucretius * Mozi 17th century * Richard Cumberland * John Gay * Bernard MandevilleF. B. Kaye, "The Writings of Bernard Mandeville: ...

List of Eastern philosophers This is a list of articles in Eastern philosophy. A * A. R. Natarajan * Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin al-Qushayri * Abhidharma * Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī * Achintya Bheda Abheda * Adi Shankara * Adrsta * Advaita Vedanta * Ahankara * Ahimsa ...

Philosophers by period

List of philosophers born in the centuries BC Philosophers born in the centuries BC (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed ...

List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries Philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: :''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the lis ...

List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries Philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the l ...

* List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries *

List of philosophers born in the 17th century Philosophers born in the 17th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed ...

List of philosophers born in the 18th century Philosophers born in the 18th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is dispute ...

List of philosophers born in the 19th century Philosophers born in the 19th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: ::''Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is dispute ...

* List of philosophers born in the 20th century

Philosophers by region

* List of African American philosophers *

List of American philosophers This is a list of American philosophers; of philosophers who are either from, or spent many productive years of their lives in the United States. {, border="0" style="margin:auto;" class="toccolours" , - ! {{MediaWiki:Toc , - , style="text-ali ...

List of British philosophers This page provides a list of British philosophers; of people who either worked within Great Britain, or the country's citizens working abroad. __NOTOC__ A * A.J. Ayer B * Francis Bacon * Roger Bacon * Julian Baggini * Thomas Baldwin * Alexa ...

List of Canadian philosophers This page lists philosophers from Canada. {{Dynamic list *Leslie Armour, Research Professor of Philosophy at Dominican University College, and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Ottawa *Vernon J. Bourke (1907-1988), Professor of ...

List of Catholic philosophers and theologians This is a list of Catholic philosophers and theologians whose Catholicism is important to their works. The names are ordered by date of birth in order to give a rough sense of influence between thinkers. Ancient (born before 500 AD) *Ignatius o ...

List of Chinese philosophers This article is a list of Chinese philosophers. Ancient philosophers Confucianism * Confucius, arguably the most influential Chinese philosopher ever. * Dong Zhongshu, integrated Yin Yang cosmology into a Confucian ethical framework. * Gaoz ...

List of Finnish philosophers This is a list of notable Finnish philosophers: {{Dynamic list A *Elisa Aaltola * Erik Ahlman *Timo Airaksinen * Lilli Alanen B *Otto Brusiin E * Hjalmar Magnus Eklund F *Arvi Grotenfelt H * Arto Haapala *Pekka Himanen *Jaakko Hintikka * Matti ...

List of French philosophers A list of notable French philosophers: {{Columns-list, colwidth=22em, * Pierre Abélard *Sylviane Agacinski * Pierre d'Ailly * Alain * Ferdinand Alquié * Louis Althusser * Bernard Andrieu * Anselm of Laon *Antoine Arnauld *Raymond Aron * Gwena ...

* List of German-language philosophers *

List of Icelandic philosophers This is a list of notable Icelandic philosophers: {{Dynamic list A * Arnór Hannibalsson B * Brynjólfur_Bjarnason G * Guðmundur Finnbogason H * Hannes Hólmsteinn Gissurarson J * Jón Ólafsson of Grunnavík O * Oddný Eir Ævarsdóttir P ...

* List of Iranian philosophers *

List of Italian philosophers This list presents Italian philosophers, very broadly defined, classified chronologically by historical era. Italics philosophers * Ocellus Lucanus * Parmenides * Zeno of Elea * Corax of Syracuse * Tisias * Onatas * Hippo * Hippasus * Epich ...

List of Jewish scientists and philosophers This is a list of :Jewish scientists by country. {{Dynamic list Australia *'' Australian Jewish academics'' Austria *'' Austrian Jewish scientists'' Benelux *'' Dutch Jewish academics'' Brazil *'' Brazilian Jewish scientists'' Canada *'' Ca ...

List of Jewish American philosophers This is an incomplete list of notable American Jews, Jewish American philosophers. For other Jewish Americans, see Lists of American Jews, Lists of Jewish Americans. For a list of Jewish philosophers, see . * Max Black, analytic philosopher *Ha ...

List of Korean philosophers This is a sortable list of Korean philosophers. List ;Three Kingdoms *Woncheuk 원측 圓測 (613–696) *Wonhyo 원효 元曉 (617–686) ''see Essence-Function'' *Uisang 의상 義湘 (625–702) *Seol Chong 설총 薛聰 (650–730) ;Gory ...

List of Lithuanian philosophers This is a list of Lithuanian Philosophy, philosophers: {{Dynamic list A *Mantas Adomėnas *Antanas Andrijauskas *Loreta Anilionytė B *Audrius Beinorius D *Mykolas Dluskis *Leonidas Donskis *Pranas Dovydaitis G *Bronislovas Genzelis *Juozas Girn ...

* List of Romanian philosophers * List of Russian philosophers * List of Slovenian philosophers *

List of Turkish philosophers A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...

Other

List of paradoxes This list includes well known paradoxes, grouped thematically. The grouping is approximate, as paradoxes may fit into more than one category. This list collects only scenarios that have been called a paradox by at least one source and have their ...

Unsolved problems in philosophy This is a list of some of the major problems in philosophy. Metaphilosophy Philosophical progress A prominent question in metaphilosophy is that of whether or not philosophical progress occurs and more so, whether such progress in philosop ...

List of rules of inference This is a list of rules of inference, logical laws that relate to mathematical formulae. Introduction Rules of inference are syntactical transform rules which one can use to infer a conclusion from a premise to create an argument. A set of rules ...

Featured content

Featured content in philosophy represents the best Wikipedia has to offer on philosophy topics, and undergoes vigorous

peer review Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review ...

Portals

portal Portal often refers to: * Portal (architecture), an opening in a wall of a building, gate or fortification, or the extremities (ends) of a tunnel Portal may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Gaming * ''Portal'' (series), two video games ...

is an introductory page for a given topic. It complements the main article of the subject by introducing the reader to key articles, images, and categories that further describe the subject. * :Philosophy portals—portals covering fields in philosophy.

Major traditions in philosophy

* Anarchism Portal

Outlines of philosophy

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is an organized list of topics covered in an area. Each outline shows the structure of its subject and serves as a table of contents to its coverage on Wikipedia.

Core areas of philosophy

Outline of aesthetics The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to aesthetics: Aesthetics – branch of philosophy and axiology concerned with the nature of beauty. What ''type'' of thing is an aesthetic? Aesthetics can be described ...

Outline of ethics Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'"Ethics"/ref> The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, c ...

* Outline of epistemology *

Outline of logic Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science. Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study ...

* Outline of metaphysics

Other major movements in philosophy

* Outline of humanism *

Outline of critical theory The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to critical theory: Critical theory – the examination and critique of society and culture, drawing from knowledge across the social sciences and humanities. The term ha ...

Timelines

Timelines A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale representi ...

are lists of articles organized chronologically. * Timeline of philosophers *

Timeline of Western philosophers This is a list of philosophers from the Western tradition of philosophy. Western philosophers Greek philosophers 600–500 BCE * Thales of Miletus (c. 624 – 546 BCE). Of the Milesian school. Believed that all was made of water. * Pherecydes ...

Timeline of Eastern philosophers This is a wide-ranging alphabetical list of philosophers from the Eastern traditions of philosophy, with special interest in Indo-Chinese philosophy. The list stops at the year 1950, after which philosophers fall into the category of contemporar ...

List of years in philosophy The following entries cover events related to the study of philosophy which occurred in the listed year or century. Centuries * 11th century in philosophy * 12th century in philosophy * 13th century in philosophy * 14th century in philosophy * 15 ...

Glossaries

glossary A glossary (from grc, γλῶσσα, ''glossa''; language, speech, wording) also known as a vocabulary or clavis, is an alphabetical list of Term (language), terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms. Tradi ...

page presents definitions for specialized terms in a subject area. Glossaries contain a small working vocabulary and definitions for important or frequently encountered concepts, usually including idioms or metaphors useful in a subject area. * Glossary of Stoicism terms

Philosophy contents

Lists

Philosophy articles

Core areas of philosophy

Other fields of philosophy

History of philosophy

Major traditions in philosophy

Lists of philosophers

Philosophers by area of study

Philosophers by major tradition

Philosophers by period

Philosophers by region

Other

Featured content

Portals

Major traditions in philosophy

Outlines of philosophy

Core areas of philosophy

Other major movements in philosophy

Timelines

Glossaries

Categories