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List Of Italian Philosophers
This list presents Italian philosophers, very broadly defined, classified chronologically by historical era. Italics philosophers * Ocellus Lucanus * Parmenides * Zeno of Elea * Corax of Syracuse * Tisias * Onatas * Hippo * Hippasus * Epicharmus of Kos * Eurytus * Acrion * Aesara * Arignote * Myia * Theano * Aeschines of Neapolis * Calliphon of Croton * Hicetas * Ecphantus the Pythagorean * Cleinias of Tarentum * Clinomachus * Aresas * Brontinus * Alcmaeon of Croton * Damo * Empedocles * Gorgias * Lycophron * Polus * Timaeus of Locri * Aristoxenus * Dicaearchus * Archimedes * Archytas * Philolaus * Lysis of Taras * Diodotus the Stoic * Siro the Epicurean * Aristocles of Messene Romans philosophers * Rabirius * Catius * Amafinius * Gaius Blossius * Papirius Fabianus * Aulus Cornelius Celsus * Diodotus the Stoic * Cato the Younger * Cicero * Helvidius Priscus * Lucretius * Marcus Junius Brutus * Nigidius Figulus * Seneca the Younger * Arulenus Rusticus * Publius Clodius T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italians
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Theano (philosopher)
Theano of Crotone (; el, Θεανώ) was a 6th-century BC Pythagorean philosopher. She has been called the wife or student of Pythagoras, although others see her as the wife of Brontinus. Her place of birth and the identity of her father are uncertain as well. Some authors have suggested that there was more than one person whose details have become merged (these are sometimes referred to as Theano I and Theano II). Theano is considered by some to be the first known woman mathematician. She may have worked on The Golden Mean and The Golden Rectangle. Life Little is known about the life of Theano. According to one tradition, she came from Crete and was the daughter of Pythonax,Porphyry, ''Life of Pythagoras'', 4Suda, ''Theano'' θ84 but according to others she came from Crotone and was the daughter of Brontinus.Diogenes Laërtius, viii. 42-3Suda, ''Pythagoras'' π3120 She was said by many to have been the wife of Pythagoras, although another tradition made her the wife of Brontin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycophron (sophist)
Lycophron (; grc-gre, Λυκόφρων) was a sophist of Ancient Greece. The central point about Lycrophron as attacked in the ''Politics'' of Aristotle, is that Lycrophron rejected the idea that the state exists to make people "just and good", instead holding the view that justice and law is about preventing people violating the bodies and goods of each other. This is the only reference to Lycrophron in the ''Politics''. The details of his life remain obscure, other than a number of references in the works of Aristotle. Lycophron was probably among the students of Gorgias, and is mentioned as a sophist by Aristotle.Quarles (2004), pp. 135–136 He rejected the supposed value of an aristocratic birth, claiming that meaning that there is no factual difference between those well-born and those low-born; only words and opinion assign value to these different circumstances of birth.Diels, Dent Sprague (2001), pp. 68–69 This statement may indicate that Lycophron shared the belief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorgias
Gorgias (; grc-gre, Γοργίας; 483–375 BC) was an ancient Greek sophist, pre-Socratic philosopher, and rhetorician who was a native of Leontinoi in Sicily. Along with Protagoras, he forms the first generation of Sophists. Several doxographers report that he was a pupil of Empedocles, although he would only have been a few years younger. "Like other Sophists, he was an itinerant that practiced in various cities and giving public exhibitions of his skill at the great pan-Hellenic centers of Olympia and Delphi, and charged fees for his instruction and performances. A special feature of his displays was to ask miscellaneous questions from the audience and give impromptu replies." W. K. C. Guthrie, ''The Sophists'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1971), p. 270. He has been called "Gorgias the Nihilist" although the degree to which this epithet adequately describes his philosophy is controversial.Rosenkrantz, G. (2002). The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empedocles
Empedocles (; grc-gre, Ἐμπεδοκλῆς; , 444–443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogonic theory of the four classical elements. He also proposed forces he called Love and Strife which would mix and separate the elements, respectively. Empedocles challenged the practice of animal sacrifice and killing animals for food. He developed a distinctive doctrine of reincarnation. He is generally considered the last Greek philosopher to have recorded his ideas in verse. Some of his work survives, more than is the case for any other pre-Socratic philosopher. Empedocles' death was mythologized by ancient writers, and has been the subject of a number of literary treatments. Life Although the exact dates of Empedocles birth and death are unknown and ancient accounts of his life conflict on the exact details, they agree that he was born in the early 5th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damo (philosopher)
Damo (; grc-gre, Δαμώ; fl. c. 500 BC) was a Pythagorean philosopher said by many to have been the daughter of Pythagoras and Theano. Early life Tradition relates that she was born in Croton, and was the daughter of Pythagoras and Theano.Diogenes Laërtius, viii. 42-3Suda, ''Pythagoras'' π3120Iamblichus, ''On the Pythagorean Life'', 146 According to Iamblichus, Damo married Meno the Crotonian. Some accounts refer to her as an only daughter, while others indicate that she had two sisters, Arignote and Myia (married to Milo of Croton). With her brother Telauges, they became members of the Pythagorean sect founded by their father. Writing References to Damo can be found in the works of Diogenes Laërtius, Athenaeus and Iamblichus, although little is known about her life. As the sect credited Pythagoras with authorship for members' work, it is likely that Damo contributed to the doctrines ascribed to the philosopher. According to one story, Pythagoras bequeathed his writings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcmaeon Of Croton
Alcmaeon of Croton (; el, Ἀλκμαίων ὁ Κροτωνιάτης, ''Alkmaiōn'', ''gen''.: Ἀλκμαίωνος; fl. 5th century BC) was an early Greek medical writer and philosopher-scientist. He has been described as one of the most eminent natural philosophers and medical theorists of antiquity and he has also been referred to as "a thinker of considerable originality and one of the greatest philosophers, naturalists, and neuroscientists of all time." His work in biology has been described as remarkable, and his originality made him likely a pioneer. Because of difficulties dating Alcmaeon's birth, his importance has been neglected. Biography Alcmaeon was born in Croton and was the son of Peirithous. Alcmaeon is said by some to have been a pupil of Pythagoras, and he is believed to have been born c. 510 BC. Although he wrote primarily about medical topics, there is some suggestion that he was a philosopher of science, not a physician. He also practiced astrology and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brontinus
Brontinus of Metapontum ( el, Βροντῖνος, also Brotinus, ; fl. 6th century BCE) was a Pythagorean philosopher and a friend and disciple of Pythagoras. Alcmaeon dedicated his works to Brontinus as well as to Leon and Bathyllus. Accounts vary as to whether he was the father or the husband of Theano. Some Orphic poems were ascribed to Brontinus. One was a poem ''On Nature'' (''Physika''),Clement of Alexandria, ''Stromata'', i. 131; Suda, ''Orpheus'' another was a poem called ''The Robe and the Net'' that was also ascribed to Zopyrus of Heraclea. His fame was sufficient for a spurious work to be ascribed to him in the Neopythagorean literature. Syrianus (5th century CE) refers to "Brotinus" as an author of the view that the monad, or first cause, "transcends all kinds of reason and essence in power and dignity," whereby an attempt was made to insert an element of Platonism into Pythagoreanism,Elisabeth Gellert, Jelena O. Krstovic, (2001), ''Classical and Medieval Literature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aresas
Aresas ( grc, Ἀρέσας) of Lucania, and probably of Crotone, was the head of the Pythagorean school, and the sixth head of the school in succession from Pythagoras himself. Diodorus of Aspendus was one of his students. He lived around the 4th or 5th century BCE. At some point Aresas had to flee Crotone, from people hostile to Pythagoreanism. He may have been the last head of the school in an unbroken line from Pythagoras; on the other hand Neoplatonist philosopher Iamblichus mentions Aresas as having "re-established" the school, implying a direct lineage might have been broken. Some attribute to Aresas a work "about Human Nature," of which a fragment is preserved by Stobaeus; but others suppose it to have been written by the Pythagorean philosopher Aesara Aesara of Lucania ( el, Αἰσάρα ''Aisara''; 4th or 3rd century BC) was a Pythagorean philosopher who wrote ''On Human Nature'', of which a fragment is preserved by Stobaeus. Life Aesara is known only from a one-page ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinomachus
Clinomachus ( el, Κλεινόμαχος; 4th-century BC), was a Megarian philosopher from Thurii. He is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been the first who composed treatises on the fundamental principles of dialectics, and is described as the founder of the Dialectical school. According to the Suda, he was the disciple of Euclid of Megara, and he taught Bryson, the teacher of Pyrrho Pyrrho of Elis (; grc, Πύρρων ὁ Ἠλεῖος, Pyrrhо̄n ho Ēleios; ), born in Elis, Greece, was a Greek philosopher of Classical antiquity, credited as being the first Greek skeptic philosopher and founder of Pyrrhonism. Life ....Suda, ''Pyrrhon'' He thus lived towards the earlier half of the 4th century BC. Notes * {{Authority control 4th-century BC Greek people 4th-century BC philosophers Classical Greek philosophers Megarian philosophers Philosophers of Magna Graecia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleinias Of Tarentum
Cleinias of Tarentum ( grc-gre, Κλεινίας; fl. 4th-century BCE) was a Pythagorean philosopher, and a contemporary and friend of Plato, as appears from the story (perhaps otherwise worthless) which Diogenes Laërtius gives on the authority of Aristoxenus, to the effect that Plato wished to burn all the writings of Democritus Democritus (; el, Δημόκριτος, ''Dēmókritos'', meaning "chosen of the people"; – ) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. No ... which he could collect, but was prevented by Cleinias and Amyclus of Heraclea. In his practice, Cleinias was a true Pythagorean. Thus, we hear that he used to assuage his anger by playing on his harp; and, when Prorus of Cyrene had lost all his fortune through a political revolution, Cleinias, who knew nothing of him except that he was a Pythagorean, took on himself the risk of a voyage to Cyrene, and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecphantus The Pythagorean
Ecphantus or Ecphantos ( grc, Ἔκφαντος) or Ephantus () is a shadowy Greek pre-Socratic philosopher. He may not have actually existed. He is identified as a Pythagorean of the 4th century BCE, and as a supporter of the heliocentric theory. Described as from Syracuse, this may or may not be the same figure as the attested Ecphantus of Croton. Ecphantus accepted the existence of atoms. He accepts the existence of void, empty space. Ecphantus maintained that the Cosmos is made of atoms and there is only one Cosmos (Universe) governed by providence (πρόνοια). He is the first of the Pythagoreans to attribute physical substance to the Pythagorean units (see Unit-point atomism). Ecphantus, like Heraclides of Pontus, believed that the Earth turns around its centre from west to towards east, like a wheel, as if it has an axis, the state.Eusebius Eusebius of Caesarea (; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος ; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
