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List Of Eastern Philosophers
This is a list of articles in Eastern philosophy. A * A. R. Natarajan * Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin al-Qushayri * Abhidharma * Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī * Achintya Bheda Abheda * Adi Shankara * Adrsta * Advaita Vedanta * Ahankara * Ahimsa * Ahimsa in Jainism * Ahmad Sirhindi * Al-Farabi * Al-Ghazali * Al-Kindi * Al-Shahrastani * Alan Watts * Alfonso Falero * An Hyang * Anāgāmi * Analects * Anandamaya kosha * Anantarika-karma * Anatta * Anava * Anekantavada * Animals in Buddhism * Antahkarana * Aparoksanubhuti * Aparokshanubhuti * Arhat * Arindam Chakrabarti * Arya * Asanga * Ashtamangala * Asian values * Āstika and nāstika * Ātman (Buddhism) * Avadhuta Gita * Averroes * Avidyā (Buddhism) * Avidya (Hinduism) * Ayatana * Ayyavazhi phenomenology B * Bahshamiyya * Bardo * Barhaspatya sutras * Basic Points Unifying the Theravāda and the Mahāyāna * Bhagavad Gita * Bhava * Bhedabheda * Bhumi (Buddhism) * Bodhi * Bodhimandala * Bodhisattva Precepts * B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Philosophy
Eastern philosophy or Asian philosophy includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia, including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy, and Vietnamese philosophy; which are dominant in East Asia, and Indian philosophy (including Hindu philosophy, Jain philosophy, Buddhist philosophy), which are dominant in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and Mongolia. Indian philosophy Indian philosophy refers to ancient philosophical traditions ( sa, ; 'world views', 'teachings') of the Indian subcontinent. Jainism may have roots dating back to the times of the Indus Valley civilization. The major orthodox schools arose sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. These Hindu schools developed what has been called the "Hindu synthesis" merging orthodox Brahmanical and unorthodox elements from Buddhism and Jainism. Hindu thought also spread east to the Indonesian Srivijaya empire and the Cambodian Khmer Empire. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso Falero
Alfonso Falero Folgoso is a Spanish japanologist born in Granada in 1959. He is an expert on the history of Japanese thinking and the Shintō religion. Biography Alfonso Falero obtained a B.A. in Philosophy at the University of Granada (Spain) in 1981. He went to Japan, and he lived there from 1984 to 1986, working in different fields. After returning to Europe, he went back to Japan and for a period comprised between 1990 and 1998 he studied Japanese language at Ōsaka Foreign Studies University and later Shinto at Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...'s Kokugakuin University, one of the most prestigious schools in the field of Japanese Classical Studies. At this University he obtained a Ph.D. degree with a dissertation, originally written in Japanese lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arhat
In Buddhism, an ''arhat'' (Sanskrit: अर्हत्) or ''arahant'' (Pali: अरहन्त्, 𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁆) is one who has gained insight into the true nature of existence and has achieved ''Nirvana'' and liberated from the endless cycle of rebirth. Mahayana Buddhist traditions have used the term for people far advanced along the path of Enlightenment, but who may not have reached full Buddhahood. The understanding of the concept has changed over the centuries, and varies between different schools of Buddhism and different regions. A range of views on the attainment of arhats existed in the early Buddhist schools. The Sarvāstivāda, Kāśyapīya, Mahāsāṃghika, Ekavyāvahārika, Lokottaravāda, Bahuśrutīya, Prajñaptivāda, and Caitika schools all regarded arhats as imperfect in their attainments compared to buddhas.Sree Padma. Barber, Anthony W. ''Buddhism in the Krishna River Valley of Andhra''. 2008. p. 44Warder, A.K. ''Indian Buddhism'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aparokshanubhuti
The ''Aparokshanubhuti'' (Sanskrit: अपरोक्षानुभूतिः) is a famous work attributed to Adi Shankara. It is a popular introductory work (prakran grantha) that expounds Advaita Vedanta philosophy. It describes a method that seekers can follow to directly experience the essential truth of one's one nature. Thus, the work is literally titled ''Aparokshanubhuti'', or ''Direct Experience''. Swami Vimuktananda titles his translation ''Self-Realization''.{{cite book, last=Vimuktananda, first=Swami , title=Self-Realization, publisher=Advaita Ashrama, year=1993, page=1 Commentaries The oldest extant commentary on this work is a Sanskrit commentary (Dipika or 'Elucidation') by Sri Vidyaranya. This work has been repeatedly translated and commented upon in other languages. References External links Translation of Aparokshanubhuti by Swami Vimuktananda Vedanta Society, ''Swami Sarvapriyananda's lectures on Aprokshanubhuti - 44 Part Series'' Indian philosophy S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aparoksanubhuti
The ''Aparokshanubhuti'' (Sanskrit: अपरोक्षानुभूतिः) is a famous work attributed to Adi Shankara. It is a popular introductory work (prakran grantha) that expounds Advaita Vedanta philosophy. It describes a method that seekers can follow to directly experience the essential truth of one's one nature. Thus, the work is literally titled ''Aparokshanubhuti'', or ''Direct Experience''. Swami Vimuktananda titles his translation ''Self-Realization''.{{cite book, last=Vimuktananda, first=Swami , title=Self-Realization, publisher=Advaita Ashrama, year=1993, page=1 Commentaries The oldest extant commentary on this work is a Sanskrit commentary (Dipika or 'Elucidation') by Sri Vidyaranya Vidyaranya (IAST: Vidyāraṇya), usually identified with Mādhavācharya (not to be confused with Madhvacharya, Madhvāchārya (13th c.)), was Jagadguru of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from ca. 1374-1380 until 1386 - according to tradition, a .... This work has been repea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antahkarana
Antaḥkaraṇa (Sanskrit: अन्तःकरण) is a concept in Hindu philosophy, referring to the totality of the mind, including the thinking faculty, the sense of I-ness, and the discriminating faculty. Antaḥ means 'inner' and karaṇa means 'instrument', or, 'function'. Therefore, the word ''Antaḥkaraṇa'' can be understood as 'inner organ', 'inner functions', or, 'inner instrument'. It also refers to the four functions of the mind, namely the manas (the mind or lower mind), buddhi (the intellect or higher mind), chitta (memory, or, consciousness), and ahamkara (ego, or, I-maker). ''Antaḥkaraṇa'' has also been called the link between the middle and higher mind, the reincarnating part of the mind. In Vedāntic literature, this (''internal organ'') is organised into four parts: # ahaṃkāra (''ego'')—identifies the Atman (''self'') with the body as 'I'. The attachment or identification of the ego, also known as the 'I-maker'. # buddhi (''intellect'')—the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animals In Buddhism
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinoderms an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anekantavada
( hi, अनेकान्तवाद, "many-sidedness") is the Jain doctrine about metaphysical truths that emerged in ancient India. It states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects. According to Jainism, no single, specific statement can describe the nature of existence and the absolute truth. This knowledge ('' Kevala Jnana''), it adds, is comprehended only by the Arihants. Other beings and their statements about absolute truth are incomplete, and at best a partial truth. All knowledge claims, according to the ''anekāntavāda'' doctrine must be qualified in many ways, including being affirmed and denied. Anekāntavāda is a fundamental doctrine of Jainism. The origins of ''anekāntavāda '' can be traced back to the teachings of Mahāvīra (599–527 BCE), the 24th Jain . The dialectical concepts of ''syādvāda'' "conditioned viewpoints" and ''nayavāda'' "partial viewpoints" arose from ''anekāntavāda'' in the medieval era, providin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anava
Anava ( sa, आणवा, āṇavā) (from "anu", meaning an atom or an exceedingly small entity) is a state - the consciousness of the ego, the sense of "I" and "mine". This represents a sense of individuality and a separation from a general existence of any "divine plan". One of the three bondages or s: , karma and maya. In Shaivism, anava is the cause of the individual soul's mistaken sense of separate identity from Universal God Shiva, and the last bond broken before union (yoga) or self-realization (moksha). The three bondages are also explicitly discussed in the tantras of Shaktism Shaktism ( sa, शाक्त, , ) is one of several major Hindu denominations, wherein the metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically a woman and Shakti ( Mahadevi) is regarded as the supreme godhead. It includes many goddesses, al .... References {{catimprove, date=November 2021 Hindu philosophical concepts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anantarika-karma
Ānantarya Karma (Sanskrit) or Ānantarika Kamma (Pāli) are the most serious offences in Buddhism that, at death, through the overwhelming karmic strength of any single one of them, bring immediate disaster. Both Buddhists and non-Buddhists must avoid them at all costs. Such offenses prevent perpetrators from attaining any of the stages of enlightenment and from ordaining into the Sangha. The offences are: # Killing one's mother # Killing one's father # Killing an Arahant # Wounding a Tathagata # Creating schism in the SanghaAnguttara iii 440 Ānantarika Kamma is so serious that even Amitabha Buddha abandoned all hope. His Vow 18 reads: There are another five unlisted Ānantarika Kamma offences found in the scriptures: # Physically obstructing the Lord Buddha's path # Rejecting the Lord Buddha's claim to supernatural insight # Accusing the Lord Buddha or an Arhat of sexual misconduct # Wounding an Arhat # Raping ordained monastics Physically obstructing the Lord Buddha' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anandamaya Kosha
The Anandamaya kosha or "sheath made of bliss" (Ānanda (Hindu philosophy), ananda) is in Vedanta, Vedantic philosophy the most subtle or spiritual of the five Kosha, levels of embodied self. It has been interpreted differently according to specific schools of Indian (and also Theosophical) thought. The Anandamaya kosha in traditional Advaita Vedanta In Advaita Vedanta the Anandamaya kosha is the innermost of the five koshas or "sheaths" that veil the Atman (Hinduism), Atman or Supreme Self. Unlike the sukshma sarira, next three more outer koshas, it constitutes the ''karana Sarira (Vedanta), sarira'' or causal body. It is associated with the state of dreamless sleep and Samādhi, samadhi. The Anandamaya kosha in Krsna Consciousness The ānanda-maya stage is explained by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada as the "brahma-bhūta" stage in the Bhagavad-gītā. There it is said that in the brahma-bhūta stage of life there is no anxiety and no hankering. This stage begins w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
