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Index Of Ancient Philosophy Articles
This page is a list of topics in ancient philosophy. A Abas (sophist) - Abderites - Academic skepticism - Academy - Acatalepsy - Acrion - Active intellect - Actus et potentia - Acumenus - Adiaphora - Adrastus of Aphrodisias - Adrianus - Aedesia - Aedesius - Aeneas of Gaza - Aenesidemus - Aesara - Aeschines of Neapolis - Aether (classical element) - Aetius (philosopher) - Agapius of Athens - Agathobulus - Agathosthenes - Agrippa the Skeptic - Akrasia - Al-Khazini - Albinus (philosopher) - Alcinous (philosopher) - Alcmaeon of Croton - Alexamenus of Teos - Alexander of Aegae - Alexander of Aphrodisias - Alexandrian school - Alexicrates - Alexinus - Allegory of the Cave - Amafinius - Amelius - Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas - Ammonius Hermiae - Ammonius Saccas - Ammonius of Alexandria (Christian philosopher) - Ammonius of Athens - Amynomachus - Anacharsis - Analects - Analogy of the divided line - Anamnesis (philosophy) In philosophy, anamnesis (; grc, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abas (sophist)
Abas ( el, Ἄβας) was an ancient hellenistic Greece, Greek sophist and a rhetorician about whose life nothing is known. The ''Suda'' ascribes to him historical commentaries (in Greek ιστoρικά απoμνηατα) and a work on rhetoric (in Greek τέχνη ρητoρική). Photius I of Constantinople, Photius in his ''Myrobiblion'' quotes from him, belonging probably to the former work, saying that Abas said the name of the wife of Candaules, Candaulus in Greek mythology was not Nysai but Abro.Photius, Myrobiblion 190 References Sources"Abas"in ''Suda'' * William Smith (lexicographer), Smith, William; ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology''"Abas (1)" Boston, (1867) * Roman-era Sophists Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown 1st-millennium people {{AncientGreece-philosopher-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeschines Of Neapolis
Aeschines of Neapolis ( Gr. ; of modern Naples) was an Academic Skeptic who shared the leadership of the Academy at Athens together with Charmadas and Clitomachus about 110 BC, when Clitomachus was an old man. Diogenes Laërtius says that he was a pupil and favourite (') of Melanthius of Rhodes.Diogenes Laërtius Diogenes Laërtius ( ; grc-gre, Διογένης Λαέρτιος, ; ) was a biographer of the Ancient Greece, Greek philosophers. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'' is a ...ii. 64/ref> References Academic skeptics Hellenistic-era philosophers in Athens 2nd-century BC Greek philosophers {{AncientGreece-philosopher-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Of Aegae
Alexander of Aegae (Greek: ) was a Peripatetic philosopher who flourished in Rome in the 1st century AD, and was a disciple of the celebrated mathematician Sosigenes of Alexandria. He was tutor to the emperor Nero.Suda α 1128 He wrote commentaries on the ''Categories'' and the ''De Caelo'' of Aristotle. He had a son named Caelinus or Caecilius. Attempts in the 19th century to ascribe some of the works of Alexander of Aphrodisias Alexander of Aphrodisias ( grc-gre, Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀφροδισιεύς, translit=Alexandros ho Aphrodisieus; AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle ... to Alexander of Aegae have been shown to be mistaken.Victor Carlisle Barr Coutant, (1936), ''Alexander of Aphrodisias: Commentary on Book IV of Aristotle's Meteorologica'', page 21. Columbia University References Sources * 1st-century philosophers Roman-era philosophers in Rome Commentators on Ari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexamenus Of Teos
Alexamenus of Teos ( grc-gre, Τήιος Ἀλεξαμενός, 5th century BC?) was one of the potential inventors of Greek literary genre of prose dialogue. Also known as Alexamenus of Tenos or Alexamenus of Styra, the only surviving news about him have been handed down, centuries later, by three sources: Athenaeus of Naucratis, Diogenes Laërtius and a papyrus from Oxyrhynchus. Atheneus (XI 550c) reports the dual testimony of Nicias of Nicaea and Sotion, according to which Aristotle, in the lost work ''On the Poets'' (Περὶ ποιητῶν), gave Alexamenus chronological priority in the invention of dialogue: «And his encomium (''sc.'' of Menon) is uttered by him who despised others on the whole (''sc.'' Plato), by banishing Homer and imitative poetry in the ''Republic'', even though he himself had written dialogues in mimetic form, of whose form he is not even the inventor. In fact before him Alexamenus of Teos invented this kind of speeches, as witnessed by Nicias of Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcmaeon Of Croton
Alcmaeon of Croton (; el, Ἀλκμαίων ὁ Κροτωνιάτης, ''Alkmaiōn'', ''gen''.: Ἀλκμαίωνος; fl. 5th century BC) was an early Greek medical writer and philosopher-scientist. He has been described as one of the most eminent natural philosophers and medical theorists of antiquity and he has also been referred to as "a thinker of considerable originality and one of the greatest philosophers, naturalists, and neuroscientists of all time." His work in biology has been described as remarkable, and his originality made him likely a pioneer. Because of difficulties dating Alcmaeon's birth, his importance has been neglected. Biography Alcmaeon was born in Croton and was the son of Peirithous. Alcmaeon is said by some to have been a pupil of Pythagoras, and he is believed to have been born c. 510 BC. Although he wrote primarily about medical topics, there is some suggestion that he was a philosopher of science, not a physician. He also practiced astrology and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcinous (philosopher)
Alcinous (Greek: ''Alkinoos'') was a Middle Platonist philosopher. He probably lived in the 2nd century AD,"Alcinous fits most comfortably into a period bounded by the writings of Plutarch on the one hand, and Galen and Alexander of Aphrodisias on the other, with Apuleius, Albinus, Atticus, Numenius, the Peripatetic Aspasius, ... and Maximus of Tyre as approximate contemporaries." John Dillon, 1993, ''Alcinous, The Handbook of Platonism'', page xiii. Oxford. although nothing is known about his life. He is the author of ''The Handbook of Platonism'', an epitome of Middle Platonism intended as a manual for teachers. He has, at times, been identified by some scholars with the 2nd century Middle Platonist Albinus. Writings Alcinous is the author of work called ''The Handbook of Platonism'' (, also ; la, De doctrina Platonis), one of the few surviving works from the Middle Platonist period (c. 90 BC – 250 AD). The book contains 36 chapters which cover topics ranging from l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albinus (philosopher)
Albinus ( el, Ἀλβῖνος; fl. c. 150 AD) was a Platonist philosopher, who lived at Smyrna, and was teacher of Galen. A short tract by him, entitled ''Introduction to Plato's dialogues'', has survived. From the title of one of the extant manuscripts we learn that Albinus was a pupil of Gaius the Platonist. The original title of his work was probably ''Prologos'', and it may have originally formed the initial section of notes taken at the lectures of Gaius. After explaining the nature of the Dialogue, which he compares to a Drama, the writer goes on to divide the Dialogues of Plato into four classes, logical, critical, physical, ethical, and mentions another division of them into Tetralogies, according to their subjects. He advises that the Alcibiades, Phaedo, Republic, and Timaeus, should be read in a series. Some of Albinus's fame is attributed to the fact that a 19th-century German scholar, J. Freudenthal, attributed Alcinous's ''Handbook of Platonism'' to Albinus. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Khazini
Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini (, flourished 1115–1130) was an Iranian astronomer of Greek origin from Seljuk Persia. His astronomical tables written under the patronage of Sultan Sanjar (', 1115) is considered to be one of the major works in mathematical astronomy of the medieval period. Montelle, C. (2011). The ‘Well-Known Calendars’: Al-Khāzinī’s Description of Significant Chronological Systems for Medieval Mathematical Astronomy in Arabic. In Steele J. (Ed.), Calendars and Years II: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient and Medieval World (pp. 107-126). Oxford; Oakville: Oxbow Books. He provided the positions of fixed stars, and for oblique ascensions and time-equations for the latitude of Marv in which he was based.Meyerhof, M. (1948). 'Alī al-Bayhaqī's Tatimmat Siwān al-Hikma: A Biographical Work on Learned Men of the Islam. Osiris, 8, 122-217. He also wrote extensively on various calendrical systems and on the various manip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akrasia
Akrasia (; Greek , "lacking command" or "weakness", occasionally transliterated as acrasia or Anglicised as acrasy or acracy) is a lack of self-control, or acting against one's better judgment. The adjectival form is "akratic". Classical approaches The problem goes back at least as far as Plato. In Plato's '' Protagoras'' Socrates asks precisely how it is possible that, ''if'' one judges action A to be the best course of action, one would do anything other than A? In the dialogue ''Protagoras'', Socrates attests that akrasia does not exist, claiming "No one goes willingly toward the bad" (358d). If a person examines a situation and decides to act in the way he determines to be best, he will pursue this action, as the best course is also the good course, i.e. man's natural goal. An all-things-considered assessment of the situation will bring full knowledge of a decision's outcome and worth linked to well-developed principles of the good. A person, according to Socrates, never ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agrippa The Skeptic
Agrippa ( el, Ἀγρίππας) was a Pyrrhonist philosopher who probably lived towards the end of the 1st century CE. He is regarded as the author of "The Five Tropes (or Modes, in el, τρόποι) of Agrippa", which are purported to establish the necessity of suspending judgment (epoché). Agrippa's arguments form the basis of the Agrippan trilemma. The five modes of Agrippa Sextus Empiricus described these "modes" or "tropes" in ''Outlines of Pyrrhonism'', attributing them "to the more recent skeptics"; Diogenes Laërtius attributes them to Agrippa.Diogenes Laërtius, ix. The five modes of Agrippa (also known as the five tropes of Agrippa) are: # ''Dissent'' – The uncertainty demonstrated by the differences of opinions among philosophers and people in general. # ''Progress ad infinitum'' – All proof rests on matters themselves in need of proof, and so on to infinity, i.e, the regress argument. # ''Relation'' – All things are changed as their relations become ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agathosthenes
Agathosthenes () was a Greek historian or philosopher of uncertain date, who is referred to by Tzetzes as his authority in matters connected with geography. There is mention of a work of Agathosthenes called "Asiatica Carmina", where some writers read the name "Aglaosthenes"; for Aglaosthenes or Aglosthenes, who is by some considered to be the same as Agathosthenes, wrote a work on the history of Naxos, of which nothing remains, but which was much used by ancient writers.Pliny the Elder, ''Naturalis Historia The ''Natural History'' ( la, Naturalis historia) is a work by Pliny the Elder. The largest single work to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day, the ''Natural History'' compiles information gleaned from other ancient authors. ...'' iv. 22 References Sources External linksAgathostenes (Aglaosthenes Historicus) in The Perseus Catalog Classical Greek philosophers Hellenistic-era philosophers Ancient Greek historians known only from secondary source ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agathobulus
Agathobulus ( el, Ἀγαθόβουλος ''Agathoboulos''; fl. 2nd century) of Alexandria, who lived c. 125 AD, was a Cynic philosopher and teacher of Demonax and Peregrinus Proteus. Little is known about his life. He is listed in the ''Chronicle'' of Jerome as flourishing in the 224th Olympiad (117 to 121 CE): "Plutarch of Chaeronea, Sextus, Agathobulus and Oenomaus are considered notable philosophers." He is also mentioned in ''The Chronography of George Synkellos'' associated with events from 109 to 120 CE "The philosopher Sextus, as well as Agathobulus and Oenomaus were becoming known." According to Lucian, he was the teacher of Demonax; and Peregrinus Proteus studied the Cynic way of life in Alexandria under his tutelage: Thereafter Peregrinus went away a third time, to Egypt, to visit Agathobulus, where he took that wonderful course of training in asceticism Asceticism (; from the el, ἄσκησις, áskesis, exercise', 'training) is a lifestyle characterized by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |