Ceinture rouge
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Ceinture Rouge ('Red Belt') refers to the communes of the
Île-de-France , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +01:00 , timezone1_DST = CEST , utc_offset1_DST = +02:00 , blank_name_sec1 = Gross regional product , blank_info_sec1 = Ranked 1st , bla ...
that were dominated by the
French Communist Party The French Communist Party (french: Parti communiste français, ''PCF'' ; ) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism. The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its MEPs sit in the European Unit ...
from the 1920s until the 1980s. These communes are those that are traditionally working-class areas whose residents were employed in the heavy and light industries that once dominated the economic landscape of the
Petite Couronne Vincent Aycocho, or better known as Petite is a Filipino actor, comedian, singer and TV show host. He is known for as a Filipino comedian in ''Comedy Bar'', Punch line and Clowns, together with their other celebrities; Boobay, Iyah, Donita Nose ...
(the departments that border Paris) and large population centers in the outer departments of the Île-de-France. While the phenomenon is not specific to Paris and can also be seen in
Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of t ...
,
Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...
,
Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
or
Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...
, for example, "its scale and, most importantly, the length of the communist implantation in these municipalities make it a unique phenomenon in Europe". The strength of the French Communist Party in these areas also led to this party forming the government at the departmental level in
Seine-Saint-Denis () is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ' or ' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny ...
from its creation in 1967 up to 2008, when control of the Departmental Council went to the
Socialist Party of France The Socialist Party (french: Parti socialiste , PS) is a French centre-left and social-democratic political party. It holds pro-European views. The PS was for decades the largest party of the "French Left" and used to be one of the two major p ...
.


History


Beginnings (1920 to 1935)

The idea of a "Red Belt" takes its roots in the 1920s. At the 1919 municipal elections, "a first red wave let municipal socialism take roots in communes with an industrial and working-class tradition, such as
Aubervilliers Aubervilliers () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France region, northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Albertivillariens'' or ''Albertivillariennes''. Geography Localisati ...
and Saint-Denis. A year later, these towns voted for the newly created Communist Party," notes historian Emmanuel Bellanger. The phrase itself was coined in an article written by
Paul Vaillant-Couturier Paul Vaillant-Couturier (8 January 1892 – 10 October 1937) was a French writer and communist. He participated in the founding of the French Communist Party (PCF) in 1920. Biography Born into a family of actors, Vaillant-Couturier studied law ...
, "Paris encircled by the revolutionary proletariat" after the legislative elections of 1924 and the municipal elections of 1925. However, at that time, the PCF's tactics of “class against class” only allowed it to win nine towns in 1925: it kept
Bezons Bezons () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Population Transport An extension of the tramway line T2 to Pont de Bezons opened in 2012. With Bezons not served by any stations o ...
,
Bobigny Bobigny () is a commune, or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Bobigny is the prefecture (capital city) of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, as well as the seat of the A ...
and
Villetaneuse Villetaneuse () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Heraldry Population Education Primary and secondary schools The commune has four prescho ...
, took Saint-Denis from
SFIO The French Section of the Workers' International (french: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a political party in France that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day Socialist Party. The SFIO was found ...
dissidents, and Clichy,
Malakoff Malakoff () is a suburban commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department southwest of Paris, France. Located from the centre of the city, it had a population of 30,286 in 2016. The European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE) is base ...
,
Vitry-sur-Seine Vitry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France, from the centre of Paris. Name Vitry-sur-Seine was originally called simply Vitry. The name Vitry comes from Medieval Latin ''Vitriacum'', and before that ''Victori ...
,
Ivry-sur-Seine Ivry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the ...
,
Villejuif Villejuif () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Name The earliest reference to Villejuif appears in a bill signed by the Pope Callixtus II on 27 November 1119. It refers to Villa Ju ...
from the right. In the 1929 municipal elections, the PCF won
Pierrefitte-sur-Seine Pierrefitte-sur-Seine (, literally ''Pierrefitte on Seine'') is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department and Île-de-France region of France. Today forming part of the northern suburbs of Paris, Pierrefitte lies from the centre of the Fre ...
from the right, while
Alfortville Alfortville () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History The commune of Alfortville was created on 1 April 1885 from part of the commune of Maisons ...
and
Bagnolet Bagnolet () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighboring communes. On that occasion, a small part of the commune o ...
were lost to the
SFIO The French Section of the Workers' International (french: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a political party in France that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day Socialist Party. The SFIO was found ...
.


The "golden age" of local-level communism (1935–1981)


Front Populaire

The PCF stopped using the "Red Belt" as a motto as it engaged in the strategy of the “
Front Populaire The Popular Front (french: Front populaire) was an alliance of French left-wing movements, including the communist French Communist Party (PCF), the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the progressive Radical-S ...
” alliance for the 1935 municipal elections. The alliance between the PCF and the
SFIO The French Section of the Workers' International (french: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a political party in France that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day Socialist Party. The SFIO was found ...
captured 26 municipalities. However, it lost its fiefdom of Saint-Denis, as
Jacques Doriot Jacques Doriot (; 26 September 1898 – 22 February 1945) was a French politician, initially communist, later fascist, before and during World War II. In 1936, after his exclusion from the Communist Party, he founded the French Popular Party (P ...
, who had been excluded from the communist party in 1934, was reelected. Thanks to the success of the PCF at the 1935 elections,
Georges Marrane Georges Marrane (20 January 1888, Louviers, Eure – 27 August 1976) was a French politician. He was the candidate of the French Communist Party for the presidential election of 1958. Life and career Marrane became the first Communist mayo ...
, communist mayor of
Ivry-sur-Seine Ivry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the ...
, became president of the General Council of the department of Seine in 1936. The communist party was also successful is the neighbouring
Seine-et-Oise Seine-et-Oise () was the former department of France encompassing the western, northern and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris.Argenteuil Argenteuil () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Argenteuil is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, ...
,
Aulnay-sous-Bois Aulnay-sous-Bois () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the Île-de-France region in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre zero. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Aulnaysiens'' o ...
and
Blanc-Mesnil Blanc-Mesnil is a village and former commune in the Seine-Maritime department, northwestern France. Since 1822, it is part of Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer (, literally ''Sainte-Marguerite on Sea'') is a commune in the S ...
all elect communist mayors. This number rose further to 54 in 1945, the year in which even the very bourgeois city of
Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, u ...
had a mayor "close to the communists". This success can be partially attributed to the housing crisis that brought a large working-class population to the suburbs, where the living conditions were particularly poor. The communist party's agenda, which focused on public investment in housing and healthcare, appeared particularly attractive:


Aftermath of the second world war

The Communist party emerged from World War II as a dominant political force: After the second world war, other parties tried to exploit the PCF's political isolation and reduce its stronghold over the Paris suburbs. A 1947 law introduced the proportional allocation of seats in municipal councils for cities with a population above 9,000 inhabitants. Since the PCF could not form alliances with other political parties, it lost 22 communes in Seine-Banlieue to the SFIO and to Charles De Gaulle's RPF in the 1947 elections. At the end of the 1950s, the PCF's setbacks on the national stage paradoxically illustrated what Pierre Bellanger calls "the resilience of municipal communism". The first of these setbacks was the 1958 constitutional referendum. Despite the PCF's opposition, it was overwhelmingly approved, with a majority in every single ''département'' and major city. In the Paris suburbs, Bagnolet was the only "red" city where the "no" was actually ahead. This defeat proved that the PCF was not able to impose its vote, even in its traditional fiefdoms. Two months later, the PCF was crushed at the 1958 legislatives elections, going from 150 seats to 10. Communist leaders Étienne Fajon, Jacques Duclos and Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier lost their seats. After these two major defeats, the PCF was expected to experience major losses at the 1959 municipal elections. But the opposite happened: revived by the unpopularity of the Pinay-Rueff plan, the PCF won 7 new cities, bringing its total to 31 in Seine-banlieue. The reinstatement of the majoritarian system from 1959 to 1977 benefited the PCF. In the mid-60's, it formed alliances with the SFIO, which managed to capture 25 of the 39 cities with a population over 30,000 inhabitants. The strength of the PCF played a central role in the 1964 redistricting of the Ile-de-France region, designed to only leave one General Council to the communists: This equilibrium functioned until 1977. Despite the considerable progress of the Socialist Party at the National level after the
Epinay Congress The Epinay Congress was the third national congress of the French Socialist Party (''Parti socialiste'' or PS), which took place on 11, 12 and 13 June 1971, in the town of Épinay-sur-Seine, in the northern suburbs of Paris. During this congress, n ...
, voters of the inner suburbs kept favouring municipal communism: there were 46 communist municipalities in the inner suburbs in 1971 - a number that rose to 54 in 1977. In addition, the PCF made new inroads in the outer suburbs, in
Poissy Poissy () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Inhabitants are called ''Pisciacais'' in French. Poissy is one of ...
,
Les Mureaux Les Mureaux () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the north-western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Population Transport Les Mureaux is served by Les ...
and
Mantes-la-Ville Mantes-la-Ville () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the center. Mantes-la-Ville is located at the confluence of the Seine and the ...
, and confirmed recent wins in cities such as Montereau,
Palaiseau Palaiseau () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Palaiseau is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Palaiseau. Inhabitants of Palaiseau ar ...
or
Savigny-sur-Orge Savigny-sur-Orge (, literally ''Savigny on Orge'') is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 19.1 km (11.9 mi) from the center of Paris in the département of Essonne. During the 2005 civil unrest in France ...
. The 1978 legislative elections confirmed that the PCF was the first left-wing party in the Ile-de-France region.


Decline (since 1981)

1977 marked the pinnacle of the Red Belt. Its following decline has many causes: first, the communist party rapidly lost influence at the national level in the 1980s, after forming an alliance with the
Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
and joining the socialist government after the 1981 elections. While Jacques Duclos, the communist candidate, had received 21.7% of the national vote in the 1969 presidential election,
André Lajoinie André Lajoinie (born 29 December, 1929 in Chasteaux, Corrèze) is a French politician and a member of the French Communist Party (PCF). He was a member of the French National Assembly for Allier from 1978 to 1993, then from 1997 to 2002, and w ...
only obtained 6.8% in 1988. In Ile-de-France, the party also failed to adapt to the changing demographics of working-class cities. As historian Romain Ducoulombier notes: In the National Assembly, the decline started as early as
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
: the party lost half of the seats it held (13 out of 27) - a trend confirmed 5 years later with the loss of 4 more seats. After that, the number remained stable until
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
, when it lost 2 more seats in the aftermath of the dismal results of
Robert Hue Robert Hue (born 19 October 1946) is a French politician who was National Secretary of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1994 to 2001 and President of the PCF from 2001 to 2002. He served as a Deputy in the National Assembly of France f ...
in the presidential election. In municipal elections, the decline was slower but inexorable: when a city elected a non-communist mayor, it hardly ever made the journey back. As Philippe Subra notes: In the (1988–2004) period, the number of cities held by communists in Ile-de-France went from 67, including 51 with a population over 20,000, to 42, of which 32 have a population above 20,000. The 2014 municipal elections represented a major defeat for the Communist party: in
Seine-Saint-Denis () is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ' or ' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny ...
, it lost
Bobigny Bobigny () is a commune, or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Bobigny is the prefecture (capital city) of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, as well as the seat of the A ...
, Saint-Ouen,
Bagnolet Bagnolet () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighboring communes. On that occasion, a small part of the commune o ...
and
Blanc-Mesnil Blanc-Mesnil is a village and former commune in the Seine-Maritime department, northwestern France. Since 1822, it is part of Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer (, literally ''Sainte-Marguerite on Sea'') is a commune in the S ...
, four cities that it had held for decades. In the Yvelines, it was defeated in Achères, the last city it held in the département. But its most significant setback was the loss of Villejuif, a city that had had a communist since 1925 and in which former communist leader
Georges Marchais Georges René Louis Marchais (7 June 1920 – 16 November 1997) was the head of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1972 to 1994, and a candidate in the French presidential elections of 1981. Early life Born into a Roman Catholic family, he bec ...
had been elected to the National Assembly. The communist victories in Montreuil and
Aubervilliers Aubervilliers () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France region, northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Albertivillariens'' or ''Albertivillariennes''. Geography Localisati ...
appeared as a consolation prize. The 2020 municipal elections confirmed the slow disappearance of the Red Belt: the PCF lost 4 out of 10 cities it held in the département of Val-de-Marne:
Villeneuve-Saint-Georges Villeneuve-Saint-Georges () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. People from Villeneuve-Saint-Georges are called ''Villeneuvois'' in French. History Prehistory and Antiquity Vill ...
, Choisy-le-Roi,
Valenton Valenton () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. It extends over of which are green spaces. The most important public green space is the Plage Bleue Park where different events are ...
and
Champigny-sur-Marne Champigny-sur-Marne (, literally ''Champigny on Marne'') is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Name Champigny-sur-Marne was originally called simply Champigny. The name Champigny ul ...
, but it won back
Villejuif Villejuif () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Name The earliest reference to Villejuif appears in a bill signed by the Pope Callixtus II on 27 November 1119. It refers to Villa Ju ...
. In the département of Seine-Saint-Denis, it lost two of its historical fiefdoms, Saint-Denis and
Aubervilliers Aubervilliers () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France region, northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Albertivillariens'' or ''Albertivillariennes''. Geography Localisati ...
, but won back
Bobigny Bobigny () is a commune, or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Bobigny is the prefecture (capital city) of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, as well as the seat of the A ...
.


Symbolism and political significance of the Red Belt


The Red Belt as a "laboratory" of communism

The idea of a Red Belt around Paris is not only an electoral phenomenon. It constitutes, in the words of Annie Foucault, "a political myth": As early as the 1920s, the communist party uses these cities as examples of what it could achieve on the national stage. But the image of a "Red Belt" is also used by political opponents to denounce the dangers that communism would represent at the national level. As Emmanuel Bellanger writes: To avoid demonization, communist mayors actually stayed clear from radical changes when they won a city: while their party was often isolated nationally, communist mayors collaborated with their left- and right-wing colleagues. Jacques Girault thus writes: Communist cities are used to demonstrate the benefits of the communist platform, with a strong emphasis on social services, collective housing and taxes paid mostly by corporations. These policies are perceived positively, even by people who are not communist sympathizers at the national level: But this model was largely based on the presence of large factories around Paris, which would bring tax revenues and would need factory workers living nearby. In the 1970s, the deindustrialization of the inner suburbs brought its decline: the Plaine-Saint-Denis, which used to be largest industrial zone in Europe, became an industrial wasteland within years, while Renault-Billancourt closed in 1989:


The Red Belt as a springboard for national communist figures

These constituencies also provide a springboard to the national stage, as well as safe seats for the leadership of the communist party:


Effects on the urban landscape

Because of the emphasis communist cities placed on affordable working-class housing, Red belt cities often present "a certain type of urban landscape, with an alternation of modest individual homes and low-rent collective housing projects, the presence of industrial activities and a particular collective culture and sociability". One ingredient of this collective culture and sociability is the creation of cultural institutions and, in particular, large public theaters: These theaters and cultural institutions are the direct result of the communist municipalities' strategy, in the 1960s and 1970s, to use public commissions to create buildings that represent the idea of architectural modernity: another example is provided by the concrete administrative center of the communist municipality of Pantin, built in 1970 by Jacques Kalisz, a communist architect. In other cities,
André Lurçat André Lurçat (August 27, 1894 – July 11, 1970) was a French modernist architect, landscape architect, furniture designer, city planner, and founding member of CIAM. He was active in the rebuilding in French cities after World War II. He was th ...
, Paul Chemetov, Serge Magnien and other modernist architects close to the PCF renovated the suburbs. Georges Valbon, mayor of Bobigny, accepted the renovation of the town according to the standards of slab urbanism: he notably entrusted
Oscar Niemeyer Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (15 December 1907 – 5 December 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer (), was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was ...
with the creation of the departmental labor exchange. As these suburban cities broke with their communist past, newly elected mayors often tried to mark the change by renaming streets that referred to communist leaders. In
Argenteuil Argenteuil () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Argenteuil is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, ...
, Frédéric Says notes: {{Quote , text=A few streets from here, less than 15 years ago, the
Général Leclerc Philippe François Marie Leclerc de Hauteclocque (22 November 1902 – 28 November 1947) was a Free-French general during the Second World War. He became Marshal of France posthumously in 1952, and is known in France simply as le maréchal ...
Boulevard was called
Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
Boulevard. A little further, the Esplanade de l'Europe has replaced the Esplanade
Maurice Thorez Maurice Thorez (; 28 April 1900 – 11 July 1964) was a French politician and longtime leader of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1930 until his death. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister of France from 1946 to 1947. Pre-War Thorez, ...
. The
Marcel Cachin Marcel Cachin (20 September 1869 – 12 February 1958) was a French Communist politician and editor of the daily newspaper ''L'Humanite''. In 1891, Cachin joined Jules Guesde's French Workers' Party (POF). In 1905, he joined the new French ...
Avenue now honors
Maurice Utrillo Maurice Utrillo (), born Maurice Valadon; 26 December 1883 – 5 November 1955), was a French painter of the School of Paris who specialized in cityscapes. Born in the Montmartre quarter of Paris, France, Utrillo is one of the few famous pain ...
. The
Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...
Boulevard is now the only reminder that Argenteuil, the biggest city in Val d'Oise, North-West of Paris, was communist from the end of the second World War to the beginning of the 2000 decade and part of the Red Belt that encircled Paris.{{cite web , title=Au Parti communiste, la nostalgie de la "ceinture rouge" , website=France Culture , date=2017-03-29 , url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/le-billet-politique/au-parti-communiste-la-nostalgie-de-la-ceinture-rouge , language=fr , access-date=2020-11-15 , archive-date=2020-11-17 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117053943/https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/le-billet-politique/au-parti-communiste-la-nostalgie-de-la-ceinture-rouge , url-status=live


List of cities that have been part of the "Red Belt"

Based on the départements created in 1964. The cities whose name is followed by an asterisk have a mayor from the PCF or
Front de Gauche The Left Front (french: Front de gauche, FG or FDG) was a French electoral alliance and a political movement created for the 2009 European elections by the French Communist Party and the Left Party when a left-wing minority faction decided to ...
since the 2014 municipal elections. Those followed by 2 asterisks (**) have a left-wing majority that includes most of the time the PCF, but which mayor neither belongs to the PCF nor the
Front de Gauche The Left Front (french: Front de gauche, FG or FDG) was a French electoral alliance and a political movement created for the 2009 European elections by the French Communist Party and the Left Party when a left-wing minority faction decided to ...
.


Seine-et-Marne

*
Brou-sur-Chantereine Brou-sur-Chantereine () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department, in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. Demographics Inhabitants are called ''Breuillois'' in French. See also *Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department The ...
(1977–2008) *
Champs-sur-Marne Champs-sur-Marne () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris, in the Seine-et-Marne Departments of France in the Île-de-France region. The commune of Champs-sur-Marne is part of the Val Maubu ...
* (since 1977) * Chelles (1935–1939, 1945–1947, 1953–1956 and 1977–1983) * Compans* (1977–1995 and since 2008) * Dammarie-les-Lys (1945–1947 and 1959–1983) * Écuelles** (1977–2000) *
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre La Ferté-sous-Jouarre () is a Communes of France, commune in the Seine-et-Marne Departments of France, département in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in north-central France. It is located at a crossing point over the river Marne ...
(1977–1983) * Fontenailles (1975–1989) *
Fontenay-Trésigny Fontenay-Trésigny () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Location Fontenay-Trésigny is located 43 km southeast of Paris, 24 km northeast of Melun, 28 km south of Me ...
(1971–1983) *
Mitry-Mory Mitry-Mory () is a Communes of France, commune in the Seine-et-Marne Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in north-central France. It is located in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris from the Kilometre ...
* (1925–1939 and since 1945) *
Montereau-Fault-Yonne Montereau-Fault-Yonne (), or simply Montereau, is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Geography Montereau-Fault-Yonne is situated at the confluence of the rivers Yonne and Seine, 70& ...
(1971–1983) *
Nangis Nangis () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Nangis station has rail connections to Provins, Longueville and Paris. Coat of arms Azure with six argent roundels. Demographics The ...
* (1977–2008 and 2012–2020) * Le Pin (1977–1987) *
Quincy-Voisins Quincy-Voisins () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne governmental department in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. Demographics The inhabitants of the commune are called ''Quincéens'' in French. Twin towns The town is twinned ...
(1989–2017) *
Roissy-en-Brie Roissy-en-Brie (, literally ''Roissy in Brie'') is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France and is located in the eastern suburbs of Paris, from the center. History In 1810 Roissy-en-Brie a ...
(2008–2014) * Saint-Mard (1977–1983) *
Varennes-sur-Seine Varennes-sur-Seine (, literally ''Varennes on Seine'') is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Demographics Inhabitants of Varennes-sur-Seine are called ''Varennois''. See also * Co ...
* (since 1959) *
Veneux-les-Sablons Veneux-les-Sablons () is a former commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Ile-de-France region in north-central France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Moret-Loing-et-Orvanne.Villeparisis Villeparisis () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris from the centre. Inhabitants of Villeparisis are called ''Villeparisiens''. ...
(1945–1983)


Yvelines

* Achères (1925–1939, 1944–1971 and 1977–2014) * Bois-d'Arcy (1977–1983) * Carrières-sous-Poissy (1977–1983) *
Chevreuse Chevreuse () is a commune in the French department of Yvelines, administrative region of Île-de-France, north-central France. Geography Chevreuse is located south of Paris, in the middle of a regional natural park, Parc naturel régional de l ...
(1977–1983) *
Les Clayes-sous-Bois Les Clayes-sous-Bois () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the center. The Clayes-sous-Bois inhabitants are called "Clétiens" (possibl ...
(1965–2001) *
Conflans-Sainte-Honorine Conflans-Sainte-Honorine () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, from the center of Paris. The commune was originally named for its ge ...
(1945–1947) * Fontenay-le-Fleury (1971–1983) * Gommecourt (1989–2001) *
Guyancourt Guyancourt () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris, from the center of Paris, in the " new town" of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Geogra ...
** (1944–1983) *
Houilles Houilles () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is a northwestern suburb of Paris, located from the center of Paris. History Until 2000, the command post of French Navy's Ballisti ...
(1977–1989) *
Issou Issou () is a commune in the Yvelines department, administrative region of Île-de-France, France. See also *Communes of the Yvelines department An intentional community is a voluntary residential community which is designed to have a hig ...
(1971–2001) *
Limay Limay, officially the Municipality of Limay ( tl, Bayan ng Limay), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bataan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 78,272 people. Limay is accessible via the Bataan Provin ...
* (since 1971) * Magnanville* (since 2014) *
Magny-les-Hameaux Magny-les-Hameaux () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Population Education There are four preschools: Ecole Francis Jammes, Ecole André Gide, Ecole Petit Prince, and Ecole Jean Ba ...
(1977–1983) *
Mantes-la-Ville Mantes-la-Ville () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the center. Mantes-la-Ville is located at the confluence of the Seine and the ...
(1977–1989) *
Maurepas Maurepas may refer to: * Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman Count of Maurepas (Yvelines) * Fort Maurepas, also known as Old Biloxi, a settlement in Louisiana (New France) * Maurepas, Louisiana, an unincorporated comm ...
(1977–1983) *
Les Mureaux Les Mureaux () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the north-western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Population Transport Les Mureaux is served by Les ...
** (1977–1989) *
Poissy Poissy () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris. Inhabitants are called ''Pisciacais'' in French. Poissy is one of ...
(1947–1951 and 1977–1983) *
Saint-Cyr-l'École Saint-Cyr-l'École () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. It used to host the training school for officers of the French army, the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM), which w ...
(1920–1939, 1944–2001) *
Sartrouville Sartrouville () is a commune in the Yvelines department, Île-de-France, north central France. it is located in the north-western suburbs of Paris, from the center of Paris. Name In the Middle Ages the name Sartrouville was recorded in Medieva ...
(1956–1957 and 1959–1989) *
Trappes Trappes () is a commune in the Yvelines department, region of Île-de-France, north-central France. It is a banlieue located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the center of Paris, in the new town of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Transport T ...
** (1929–1940 and 1944–2001) *
La Verrière La Verrière () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. Population Transport La Verrière station is served by Transilien trains to Paris and Rambouillet. Education Preschools and elementary scho ...
* (1983–2020)


Essonne

*
Athis-Mons Athis-Mons () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Inhabitants are called ''Athégiens''. A small part of Orly International Airport lies on the territory of the commune of Athis-Mons ...
(1921–1939, 1944–1947 and 1977–1983) * Brétigny-sur-Orge (1965–1984) * Briis-sous-Forges (2001–2016) *
Corbeil-Essonnes Corbeil-Essonnes () on the River Seine is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Although neighboring Évry is the official seat of the Arrondissement of Évry, the sub-prefecture building ...
(1959–1995) * Crosne (1945–1947) *
Draveil Draveil () is a commune in the department of Essonne in the southern suburbs of Paris, France.Épinay-sous-Sénart Épinay-sous-Sénart (, literally ''Épinay under Sénart'') is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Population Inhabitants of Épinay-sous-Sénart are known as ''Spinoliens''. Twin towns * Peacehaven * ...
(1977–1983) *
Étampes Étampes () is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southwest from the center of Paris (as the crow flies). Étampes is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department. Étampes, together with the neighboring c ...
(1977–1995) *
La Ferté-Alais La Ferté-Alais () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is south of Paris. It used to be a fortress closing the access to the French royal estate from the Essonne valley, then became an industrial vill ...
(1992–1995) *
Fleury-Mérogis Fleury-Mérogis () is a commune in the Essonne department in northern France, in the southern suburbs of Paris. The commune has the Fleury-Mérogis Prison, France's and Europe's largest prison. Population Inhabitants of Fleury-Mérogis are know ...
(1959–2009 and since 2019) *
Gometz-le-Châtel Gometz-le-Châtel () is a commune in the Essonne department of France. It is a southern suburb of Paris, 25 km from the center of Paris. Geography This village is near Les Ulis, Bures-sur-Yvette, Gif-sur-Yvette and Gometz-la-Ville, al ...
(1977–1983) * Grigny* (1935–1939 and since 1945) * Igny (1945–1947, 1953–1965, 1977–1989) *
Itteville Itteville () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Itteville's twin town has been Newick in the United Kingdom since 1988. The distance between both towns is . Origin of the town name The original name of ...
(1971–1983) *
Janville-sur-Juine Janville-sur-Juine (, literally ''Janville on Juine'') is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Inhabitants of Janville-sur-Juine are known as ''Janvillois''. Geography The village lies on the right bank of ...
** (1971–1983) *
Juvisy-sur-Orge Juvisy-sur-Orge (, literally ''Juvisy on Orge'') is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is located 18 km south-east of Paris, a few kilometres south of Orly Airport. The site of the town has been oc ...
(1945–1947) *
Leuville-sur-Orge Leuville-sur-Orge (, literally ''Leuville on Orge'') is a commune south of Paris, France. It is situated in the Essonne department in the Île-de-France region. Inhabitants of Leuville-sur-Orge are known as ''Leuvillois''. Geography Situated ...
** (1977–1989) *
Lisses Lisses () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Origin of the city name The name origin of this commune is not well known. One hypothesis is that Lisses is coming from the Latin Licia villa, as the initial ...
(1945–1947 and 1965–2001) *
Morsang-sur-Orge Morsang-sur-Orge (, literally ''Morsang on Orge'') is a Communes of France, commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Population Inhabitants of Morsang-sur-Orge are known as ''Mor ...
* (1944–2020) *
La Norville La Norville () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Inhabitants of La Norville are known as ''Norvillois''. See also *Communes of the Essonne department The following is a list of the 194 communes of ...
** (1935–1995) * Ollainville** (1977–1983 and 1989–2001) *
Palaiseau Palaiseau () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Palaiseau is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Palaiseau. Inhabitants of Palaiseau ar ...
(1945–1947, 1953–1965 and 1971–1995) *
Paray-Vieille-Poste Paray-Vieille-Poste () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Paris-Orly Airport is partially located in the commune. History Paray-Vieille-Poste originated from the old village of Paray, which had about 6 ...
(1935–1940) * Pussay** (1959–1983) *
Ris-Orangis Ris-Orangis () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Inhabitants of Ris-Orangis are known as ''Rissois''. History The commune of Ris-Orangis was created in 1793 by the merger of the com ...
** (1944–1947 and 1971–1995) *
Saclas Saclas () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Inhabitants of Saclas are known as ''Saclasiens''. Geography The Juine The Juine () is a French river, long. It is a left tributary of the river Essonn ...
(1945–1988) * Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois** (1959–1966 and 1971–1990) *
Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon (, literally ''Saint-Germain near Arpajon'') is a commune in the Essonne department. It is a suburb of Paris located south of Paris via the N20, and north of Étampes. History * Corbinian founded a religious comm ...
(1945–1995) *
Saint-Michel-sur-Orge Saint-Michel-sur-Orge (, literally ''Saint-Michel on Orge'') is a commune in the Essonne ''département'' of France. It is in the southern suburbs of Paris, from the center of Paris. Inhabitants of Saint-Michel-sur-Orge are known as ''Saint-M ...
(1971–1987) *
Saintry-sur-Seine Saintry-sur-Seine (, literally ''Saintry on Seine'') is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Population Inhabitants of Saintry-sur-Seine are known as ''Saintryens'' in French. See also *Communes of the Es ...
(1934–1939, 1945–1947, 1966–1983) *
Saulx-les-Chartreux Saulx-les-Chartreux () is a commune in the Essonne department in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 20 kilometres from the center of Paris. History The name of the city come from a tree: ''Saule'' (willow tree in French). Mon ...
* (1959–1989 and 1995–2016) *
Savigny-sur-Orge Savigny-sur-Orge (, literally ''Savigny on Orge'') is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 19.1 km (11.9 mi) from the center of Paris in the département of Essonne. During the 2005 civil unrest in France ...
(1938–1939, 1945–1947 and 1965–1983) *
Vauhallan Vauhallan () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Inhabitants of Vauhallan are known as ''Vauhallanais''. See also *Communes of the Essonne department The following is a list of the 194 communes of th ...
(1980–1983) *
Verrières-le-Buisson Verrières-le-Buisson () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is from the centre of Paris, in the Essonne department just outside the inner ring of the Île-de-France. The commune borders the river Bièvre. History T ...
(1945–1947) *
Vert-le-Petit Vert-le-Petit () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. General Auguste Jubé de La Perelle (1765–1824) was born in Vert-le-Petit. Inhabitants of Vert-le-Petit are known as ''Vertois''. Geography The Ju ...
(1977–1983) *
Vigneux-sur-Seine Vigneux-sur-Seine (, literally ''Vigneux on Seine'') is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Inhabitants of Vigneux-sur-Seine are known as ''Vigneusiens''. Population Transport Vigneu ...
(1935–1939 and 1945–2001) *
Villabé Villabé () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. Population Inhabitants of Villabé are known as ''Villabéens'' in French. See also *Communes of the Essonne department The following is a list of the ...
(1945–1989) *
La Ville-du-Bois La Ville-du-Bois () is a Communes of France, commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Population Inhabitants of La Ville-du-Bois are known as ''Urbisylvains'' in French. Notable ...
(1971–1995) *
Villebon-sur-Yvette Villebon-sur-Yvette (, literally ''Villebon on Yvette'') is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France, about 20 kilometers south of Paris. Thanks to the presence of the business centers of Courtaboeuf and Grand ...
(1977–1983) *
Villiers-sur-Orge Villiers-sur-Orge (, literally ''Villiers on Orge'') is a commune in the arrondissement of Palaiseau, in the Essonne department, in the Île-de-France region. Inhabitants of Villiers-sur-Orge are known as ''Villiérains''. Sites of interest * ...
(1977–2001) *
Viry-Châtillon Viry-Châtillon () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Population Inhabitants of Viry-Châtillon are known as ''Castelvirois'' in French. Sports The town is home to the women's f ...
(1925, 1935–1939, 1944–1953)


Hauts-de-Seine

* Antony (1945–1947, 1977–1983) * Bagneux* (1935–1939 and since 1945) *
Boulogne-Billancourt Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious Communes of France, commune in the Parisian area, located from its Kilometre zero, centre. It is a Subprefectures in ...
(1922–1923) * Châtillon (1959–1983) *
Chaville Chaville () is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department and Île-de-France region of north-central France. It lies some 12 km from the centre of Paris in the south-western suburbs of the French capital. Geography Chaville is bordered by ...
(1945–1947) *
Clamart Clamart () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. The town is divided into two parts, separated by a forest: ''bas Clamart'', the historical centre, and ''petit Clamart'' with urbaniz ...
(1935–1941 and 1944–1947) * Clichy (1925–1929 and 1945–1947) *
Colombes Colombes () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. In 2019, Colombes was the 53rd largest city in France. Name The name Colombes comes from Latin ''columna'' (Old French ''colombe'') ...
(1935–1939, 1945–1947 and 1965–2001) *
Gennevilliers Gennevilliers () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department of Île-de-France. It is located from the centre of Paris. In 2017, it had a population of 46,907. History On 9 April 1929, one-fifth of the ...
* (1934–1939 and since 1944) *
Issy-les-Moulineaux Issy-les-Moulineaux () is a commune in the southwestern suburban area of Paris, France, lying on the left bank of the river Seine. Its citizens are called ''Isséens'' in French. It is one of Paris' entrances and is located from Notre-Dame Cath ...
(1935–1939 and 1945–1949) *
Levallois-Perret Levallois-Perret () is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department and Île-de-France region of north-central France. It lies some from the centre of Paris in the north-western suburbs of the French capital. It is the most densely populated ...
(1946–1947 and 1965–1983) *
Malakoff Malakoff () is a suburban commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department southwest of Paris, France. Located from the centre of the city, it had a population of 30,286 in 2016. The European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE) is base ...
* (1925–1939 and since 1945) *
Nanterre Nanterre (, ) is the prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department in the western suburbs of Paris. It is located some northwest of the centre of Paris. In 2018, the commune had a population of 96,807. The eastern part of Nanterre, bordering t ...
* (1935–1939 and since 1944) *
Le Plessis-Robinson Le Plessis-Robinson () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. , it has 29,100 inhabitants. History Plessis was first mentioned in 839 as ''Plessiacus apud Castanetum'', meaning ''pless ...
(1945–1953 and 1956–1989) * Puteaux (1945–1947) *
Rueil-Malmaison Rueil-Malmaison () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France region. It is located from the centre of Paris. In 2017, it had a population of 78,152. It is one of the wealthiest suburbs of P ...
(1938–1939) *
Sèvres Sèvres (, ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France region. The commune, which had a population of 23,251 as of 2018, is known for i ...
(1945–1964 and 1971–1983) *
Suresnes Suresnes () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. Located in Hauts-de-Seine, from the centre of Paris, it had a population of 49,145 as of 2016. The nearest communes are Nanterre, Puteaux, Rueil-Malmaison, Saint-Cloud an ...
(1945–1947) *
Vanves Vanves () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe and the tenth in France History On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris ...
(1944–1947) *
Villeneuve-la-Garenne Villeneuve-la-Garenne () is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region. History The commune of Villeneuve-la-Garenne was created on 9 ...
(1945–1947)


Seine-Saint-Denis

*
Aubervilliers Aubervilliers () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France region, northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Albertivillariens'' or ''Albertivillariennes''. Geography Localisati ...
* (1945–2008 and 2014–2020) *
Aulnay-sous-Bois Aulnay-sous-Bois () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the Île-de-France region in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre zero. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Aulnaysiens'' o ...
(1935–1939, 1944–1947 and 1965–1983) *
Bagnolet Bagnolet () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighboring communes. On that occasion, a small part of the commune o ...
** (1928–1939 and 1944–2014) *
Le Blanc-Mesnil () is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris, between Charles de Gaulle Airport and le Bourget Airport. Name The name Le Blanc-Mesnil was recorded for the first time in the 11th centur ...
(1935–1939 and 1944–2014) *
Bobigny Bobigny () is a commune, or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Bobigny is the prefecture (capital city) of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, as well as the seat of the A ...
(1919–1939, 1944–2014 and since 2020) * Bondy** (1935–1939) *
Clichy-sous-Bois Clichy-sous-Bois () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from central Paris.La Courneuve La Courneuve () is a Communes of France, commune in Seine-Saint-Denis, France. It is located from the Kilometre zero, center of Paris. History Inhabited since pre-Roman times, the area is thought to have been a small village up through the Midd ...
* (1944–1947 and since 1959) *
Drancy Drancy () is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in northern France. It is located 10.8 km (6.7 mi) from the center of Paris. History Toponymy The name Drancy comes from Medieval Lati ...
(1935–1939 and 1944–2001) *
Dugny Dugny () is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. About a third of Le Bourget airport lies on the territory of the commune of Dugny, including its main terminal and the '' Musée de l'A ...
(1944–1989) *
Épinay-sur-Seine Épinay-sur-Seine (, literally ''Épinay on Seine'') is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. The church of Notre-Dame-des-Missions-du-cygne d'Enghien, designed by Paul Tournon, may be found ...
(1935–1940 and 1945–1947) *
Gagny Gagny () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Geography Location Gagny is located 10 km to the east of Paris. Until the law of 10 July 1964, the commune was part of the departm ...
(1977–1983) *
Gournay-sur-Marne Gournay-sur-Marne (, literally ''Gournay on Marne'') is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France in the Seine-Saint-Denis department. It is located from the center of Paris. Population Heraldry Transport Gournay-sur-Marne is served ...
(1945–1947) *
L'Île-Saint-Denis L'Île-Saint-Denis (, ; ) is a French commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. It is located from the center of Paris. The commune is entirely contained on an island of the Seine River, hence its name. Along with the communes ...
** (1947–2001) *
Les Lilas Les Lilas () is a commune in the northern-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. History The commune of Les Lilas (literally "the lilacs") was created on 24 July 1867 by detaching a part of the territory of ...
** (1944–1947) *
Livry-Gargan Livry-Gargan () is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History On 20 May, 1869, a part of the territory of Livry-Gargan was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Clich ...
(1945–1947) *
Montfermeil Montfermeil () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Montfermeil is famous as the location of Thénardiers' inn in ''Les Misérables''. It has made the headlines due to troubles in its so ...
(1945–1983) * Montreuil* (1935–1939, 1944–2008 and since 2014) *
Neuilly-Plaisance Neuilly-Plaisance () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. The composer Alain Margoni was born in Neuilly-Plaisance on 13 October 1934. History *The commune of Neuilly-Plaisance was crea ...
(1977–1983) * Neuilly-sur-Marne (1935–1939, 1944–1965) *
Noisy-le-Grand Noisy-le-Grand () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. The commune of Noisy-le-Grand is part of the sector of Porte de Paris, one of the four sectors of the "new town" of Marne-la-Vallée. ...
(1945–1965 and 1977–1984) *
Noisy-le-Sec Noisy-le-Sec () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Population Heraldry Transport Noisy-le-Sec is served by Noisy-le-Sec station on Paris RER line E. Education Schools:< ...
(1935–1939, 1944–1947, 1953–2002 and since 2020) *
Pantin Pantin () is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. In 2019 its population was estimated to be 59,846. Pantin is located on the edge of the city of Paris and is mainly formed by a plain ...
** (1944 and 1959–2001) *
Pierrefitte-sur-Seine Pierrefitte-sur-Seine (, literally ''Pierrefitte on Seine'') is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department and Île-de-France region of France. Today forming part of the northern suburbs of Paris, Pierrefitte lies from the centre of the Fre ...
** (1929–1935 and 1945–2008) *
Romainville Romainville () is a Communes of France, commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department and in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. Location It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. History On 24 July 1867, a part of the territory ...
** (1935–1939 and 1944–2000) *
Rosny-sous-Bois Rosny-sous-Bois () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. It is the seat of the national centre of road information of the national gendarmerie. Population Heraldry Transport Rosny ...
(1971–1983) *
Sevran Sevran () is a commune in the French department of Seine-Saint-Denis, northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. It is located from the center of Paris. Geography Sevran is located northeast of the Boulevard Périphérique.
** (1977–1995 and 2001–2010) * Saint-Denis* (1920–1935 and 1944–2020) * Saint-Ouen (1945–2014) *
Stains A stain is an unwanted localized discoloration, often in fabrics or textiles. Stain(s) or The Stain(s) may also refer to: Color * Stain (heraldry), a non-standard tincture * Staining, in biology, a technique used to highlight contrast in samples ...
* (1935–1939 and since 1945) *
Tremblay-en-France Tremblay-en-France (; ) is a commune in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. More than one-quarter of Charles de Gaulle Airport lies within the territory of the commune of Tremblay-en-France, in p ...
* (1935–1939 and since 1944) *
Villemomble Villemomble () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Heraldry Transport Villemomble is served by Le Raincy – Villemomble – Montfermeil station on Paris RER line E. Demogr ...
(1944–1945) * Villepinte (1932–1939, 1977–1984 and 2008–2014) *
Villetaneuse Villetaneuse () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Heraldry Population Education Primary and secondary schools The commune has four prescho ...
* (1920–1940 and 1945–2020)


Val-de-Marne

*
Alfortville Alfortville () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History The commune of Alfortville was created on 1 April 1885 from part of the commune of Maisons ...
(1929–1939) *
Arcueil Arcueil () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Name The name Arcueil was recorded for the first time in 1119 as ''Arcoloï'', and later in the 12th c ...
** (1935–1939 and 1944–1997) *
Bonneuil-sur-Marne Bonneuil-sur-Marne (, literally ''Bonneuil on Marne'') is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Population Transport Bonneuil-sur-Marne is served by no ...
* (1935–1939 and since 1944) *
Champigny-sur-Marne Champigny-sur-Marne (, literally ''Champigny on Marne'') is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Name Champigny-sur-Marne was originally called simply Champigny. The name Champigny ul ...
(1950–2020) * Chevilly-Larue* (since 1977) * Choisy-le-Roi* (1945–1947 and 1959–2020) *
Fontenay-sous-Bois Fontenay-sous-Bois () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Name The name Fontenay was recorded in the Middle Ages as ''Fontanetum'', meaning "the springs", from Medieval Latin ''fonta ...
* (1945–1947 and since 1965) * Fresnes (1937–1939) * Gentilly* (1934–1939 and since 1944) *
L'Haÿ-les-Roses L'Haÿ-les-Roses () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. L'Haÿ-les-Roses is a ''sous-préfecture'' of the Val-de-Marne ''département'', being the seat of the Arrondissement of L'Haÿ-les ...
(1935–1939, 1945–1947, 1953–1954) *
Ivry-sur-Seine Ivry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the ...
* (1925–1939 and since 1944) *
Joinville-le-Pont Joinville-le-Pont () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History The commune was created in 1791 under the name La Branche-du-Pont-de-Saint-Maur (literally "The Branch of Saint-Maur ...
(1944–1953 and 1977–1983) * Limeil-Brévannes (1935–1939, 1944–1953 and 1965–1984) *
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Le Kremlin-Bicêtre () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is from the center of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. Le Kremlin-Bicêtre is most famous as the location of the Bicêtre H ...
** (1945–1947) *
Maisons-Alfort Maisons-Alfort () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Maisons-Alfort is famous as the location of the National Veterinary School of Alfort. The Fort de Charenton, constructed betw ...
(1935–1939, 1944–1947) *
Orly Orly () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. It is located from the center of Paris. The name of Orly came from Latin ''Aureliacum'', "the villa of Aurelius". Orly Airport partially lies on the territory of the comm ...
** (1935–1939, 1945–1947 and 1955–1989) *
Ormesson-sur-Marne Ormesson-sur-Marne (, literally ''Ormesson on Marne (river), Marne'') is a Communes of France, commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Transport Ormesson-sur-Marne is served b ...
(1934–1939, 1944–1947) *
La Queue-en-Brie La Queue-en-Brie (, literally ''La Queue in Brie'') is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History On 7 July 1899, a part of the territory of La Queue-en-Brie was detached and merged ...
(1977–1983 and 2001–2014) *
Sucy-en-Brie Sucy-en-Brie (, literally ''Sucy in Brie'') is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Population Transport Sucy-en-Brie is served by Sucy–Bonneuil station on Paris RER line A. Educ ...
(1945–1946) *
Thiais Thiais () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. The name Thiais comes from Medieval Latin ''Theodasium'' or ''Theodaxium'', meaning "estate of Theodasius", a Gallo-Roman landowner. The A ...
(1945–1959) *
Valenton Valenton () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. It extends over of which are green spaces. The most important public green space is the Plage Bleue Park where different events are ...
(1924–1941 and 1944–2020) *
Villejuif Villejuif () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Name The earliest reference to Villejuif appears in a bill signed by the Pope Callixtus II on 27 November 1119. It refers to Villa Ju ...
(1925–1939,1945–2014 and since 2020) *
Villeneuve-le-Roi Villeneuve-le-Roi () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. The early 19th-century French orientalist Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (1780–1831) was born in Villeneuve-le-Roi on the boat that arr ...
(1935–1939, 1944–1947 and 1965–2001) *
Villeneuve-Saint-Georges Villeneuve-Saint-Georges () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. People from Villeneuve-Saint-Georges are called ''Villeneuvois'' in French. History Prehistory and Antiquity Vill ...
(1935–1940, 1945–1957, 1977–1983 and 2008–2020) *
Vitry-sur-Seine Vitry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France, from the centre of Paris. Name Vitry-sur-Seine was originally called simply Vitry. The name Vitry comes from Medieval Latin ''Vitriacum'', and before that ''Victori ...
* (1925–1939 and since 1944)


Val-d'Oise

*
Argenteuil Argenteuil () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Argenteuil is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, ...
(1935–1940 and 1945–2001) *
Arnouville Arnouville () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Previously known as Arnouville-lès-Gonesse, the name was officially renamed to Arnouville on 11 July 2010. Population Education Public primary s ...
(1935–1940 and 1944v1947) * Bessancourt** (1965–1971 and 1977–1983) *
Bezons Bezons () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Population Transport An extension of the tramway line T2 to Pont de Bezons opened in 2012. With Bezons not served by any stations o ...
* (1920–1940 and 1944–2020) *
Bray-et-Lû Bray-et-Lû () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. See also *Communes of the Val-d'Oise department The following is a list of the 184 communes of the Val-d'Oise department of France. The communes ...
(1989–1998) * Chaumontel (1977–1983) *
Cormeilles-en-Parisis Cormeilles-en-Parisis (, literally ''Cormeilles in Parisis'') is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in Northern France. Inhabitants are called ''Cormeillais(e)''. Neighbouring communes * Argenteuil * La Frette-sur-Seine ...
(1945–1947) *
Deuil-la-Barre Deuil-la-Barre () is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is in the Department of Val-d'Oise and the arrondissement of Sarcelles. It is from the centre of Paris. Despite this proximity to the metropolis, Deuil has retained mu ...
(1944–1947) *
Écouen Écouen () is a Communes of France, commune in the Val-d'Oise department, in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. The 19th-century poet and playwright Pierre-Joseph Charrin (1784–1863) d ...
(1945–1947) * Éragny (1947-1965 and 1971–1995) * Fosses* (since 1977) * Franconville (1977–1983) *
La Frette-sur-Seine La Frette-sur-Seine (, literally ''La Frette on Seine'') is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. See also *Communes of the Val-d'Oise department The following is a list of the 184 communes of the Val- ...
(1977–1983) *
Garges-lès-Gonesse Garges-lès-Gonesse (, literally ''Garges near Gonesse'') is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in northern France. It is located in the northern suburbs of Paris, from the center of Paris. The city is a part of the Paris urban area. It is ...
(1944–1995) *
Gonesse Gonesse () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department, in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. The commune lies immediately north of Le Bourget Airport, and it is six kilometres (four miles) south- ...
(1945–1947) * Goussainville** (1934–1939, 1945–1983, 1995–2001) *
Marly-la-Ville Marly-la-Ville () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France, 25 km north of Paris. History Thomas-François Dalibard lived at 15 rue du Colonel Fabien, a classical eighteenth-century mansion. He was a n ...
* (since 1971) *
Méry-sur-Oise Méry-sur-Oise (, literally ''Méry on Oise'') is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Méry-sur-Oise station has rail connections to Persan, Saint-Leu-la-Forêt and Paris. Population See also *Commune ...
(1946–1995) *
Mériel Mériel () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department and Île-de-France region of France. Mériel station has rail connections to Persan, Saint-Leu-la-Forêt and Paris. Population Notable residents * Jean Gabin, actor (1904–1976). Gabin spe ...
(1977–1980) *
Montigny-lès-Cormeilles Montigny-lès-Cormeilles (, literally ''Montigny near Cormeilles'') is a commune in Val d'Oise, in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. History On 30 March 1922, a part of the territory of Montign ...
(1945–1947 and 1977–2012) * Montmagny (1965–1983) * Persan (1945–1995) *
Pierrelaye Pierrelaye () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Pierrelaye station has rail connections to Pontoise and Paris. Population See also *Communes of the Val-d'Oise department The following is a lis ...
* (since 1977) *
Piscop Piscop () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Notable people *Ambroise Roux (1921-1999), CEO of Compagnie générale d'électricité (later known as Alcatel) from 1970 to 1981, was born in Piscop. See ...
(1977–1983) * Saint-Martin-du-Tertre (1945–1947 and 1959–2014) *
Sannois Sannois () is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 15.2 km. (9.4 miles) from the center of Paris, in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. Population Transport Public transpo ...
(1945–1947 and 1955–1959) *
Sarcelles Sarcelles () is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Sarcelles is a sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise department and the seat of the arrondissement of Sarcelles. In the south of the commun ...
(1965–1983 and 2018) * Vémars** (1977–1995)


References

20th century in France Communism in France