Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is the
broadcasting
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves), in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting began wi ...
of
television program
Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication Media (communication), medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of Transmission (telecommunications), television tra ...
s and
radio programming
Radio programming is the process of organising a schedule of radio content for commercial broadcasting and public broadcasting by radio stations.
History
The original inventors of radio, from Guglielmo Marconi's time on, expected it to be use ...
by
privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship. It was the United States′ first model of radio (and later television) during the 1920s, in contrast with the
public television
Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
model in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States and Brazil, until the 1980s.
Features
Advertising
Commercial broadcasting is primarily based on the practice of airing
radio advertisement
In the United States, commercial radio stations make most of their revenue by selling airtime to be used for running radio advertisements. These advertisements are the result of a business or a service providing a valuable consideration, usually ...
s and
television advertisement
A television advertisement (also called a television commercial, TV commercial, commercial, spot, television spot, TV spot, advert, television advert, TV advert, television ad, TV ad or simply an ad) is a span of television programming produce ...
s for profit. This is in contrast to
public broadcasting
Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
, which receives government subsidies and usually does not have paid advertising interrupting the show. During
pledge drive
A pledge drive is an extended period of fundraising activities, generally used by public broadcasting stations to increase contributions. The term "pledge" originates from the promise that a contributor makes to send in funding at regular interval ...
s, some public broadcasters will interrupt shows to ask for donations.
In the United States,
non-commercial educational
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements ( TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was o ...
(NCE) television and radio exists in the form of
community radio
Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting. Community stations serve geographic communities and communities of interest. They broadcast content that is popu ...
; however,
premium cable
Pay television, also known as subscription television, premium television or, when referring to an individual service, a premium channel, refers to subscription-based television services, usually provided by multichannel television providers, but ...
services such as
HBO and
Showtime generally operate solely on
subscriber fees and do not sell advertising. This is also the case for the portions of the two major
satellite radio
Satellite radio is defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)'s ITU Radio Regulations (RR) as a '' broadcasting-satellite service''. The satellite's signals are broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than t ...
systems that are produced in-house (mainly music programming).
Radio broadcasting originally began without paid commercials. As time went on, however, advertisements seemed less objectionable to both the public and government regulators and became more common. While commercial broadcasting was unexpected in radio, in television it was planned due to commercial radio's success. Television began with commercial sponsorship and later transformed to paid commercial time. When problems arose over patents and corporate marketing strategies, regulatory decisions were made by the
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. The FCC maintains jurisdicti ...
(FCC) to control commercial broadcasting.
[
]
Paid programming
Commercial broadcasting overlaps with paid services such as cable television
Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to consumers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables, or in more recent systems, light pulses through fibre-optic cables. This contrasts with bro ...
, radio
Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a tr ...
and satellite television
Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location. The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna com ...
. Such services are generally partially or wholly paid for by local subscribers and is known as leased access Leased access is airtime that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandates must be provided by cable operators (such as Comcast Xfinity and Charter Spectrum) for use by independent cable programmers and producers who are not owned by the ope ...
. Other programming (particularly on cable television) is produced by companies operating in much the same manner as advertising-funded commercial broadcasters, and they (and often the local cable provider) sell commercial time in a similar manner.
The FCC's interest in program control began with the chain-broadcasting investigation of the late 1930s, culminating in the "Blue Book" of 1946, ''Public Service Responsibility For Broadcast Licensees''. The Blue Book differentiated between mass-appeal sponsored programs and unsponsored "sustaining" programs offered by the radio networks. This sustained programming, according to the Blue Book, had five features serving the public interest:
*Sustaining programs balanced the broadcast schedule, supplementing the soap operas and popular-music programs receiving the highest ratings and most commercial sponsors
*They allowed for the broadcast of programs which, by their controversial or sensitive nature, were unsuitable for sponsorship
*They supplied cultural programming for smaller audiences
*They provided limited broadcast access for non-profit
A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in co ...
and civic organizations
*They made possible artistic and dramatic experimentation, shielded from the pressures of short-run rating and commercial considerations of a sponsor.[Boddy, William. ''Fifties Television: the Industry and Its Critics.'' University of Illinois Press, 1992. ]
Commercial time has increased 31 seconds per hour for all prime time television shows. For example, ABC has increased from 9 minutes and 26 seconds to 11 minutes and 26 seconds.
Ratings
Programming on commercial stations is more ratings-driven—particularly during periods such as sweeps
Nielsen Media Research (NMR) is an American firm that measures media audiences, including television, radio, theatre, films (via the AMC Theatres MAP program), and newspapers. Headquartered in New York City, it is best known for the Nielsen rati ...
in the US and some Latin American countries.
Other factors
Commercial broadcasting (especially free-to-air
Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the content without requiring a subscripti ...
) is sometimes controversial. One reason is a perceived lack of quality and risk in the programming (to which more conservative elements respond that it is too risqué much of the time), an excessively high ratio of advertising to program time (especially on children's television
Children's television series (or children's television shows) are television programs designed for children, normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake. They can sometimes run during the early evenin ...
), and a perceived failure to serve the local interest due to media consolidation
Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. Contemporary research demonstrates in ...
. Commercial radio (in particular) is criticized for a perceived homogeneity in programming, covert politically motivated censorship of content, and a desire to cut costs at the expense of a station's identifiable personality. Politics is a major force in media criticism, with an ongoing debate (especially in the United States) as to what moral standards – if any – are to be applied to the airwaves.
Global commercial broadcasting
Americas
Commercial broadcasting is the dominant type of broadcasting in the United States and most of Latin America. "The US commercial system resulted from a carefully crafted cooperation endeavor by national corporations and federal regulators."
The best-known commercial broadcasters in the United States today are the ABC, CBS
CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, the abbreviation of its former legal name Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainm ...
, Fox, and NBC
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...
television networks
A television network or television broadcaster is a telecommunications network for distribution of television program content, where a central operation provides programming to many television stations or pay television providers. Until the mid- ...
, based in the United States. Major cable television in the United States
Cable television first became available in the United States in 1948. By 1989, 53 million U.S. households received cable television subscriptions, with 60 percent of all U.S. households doing so in 1992. with Data by SNL Kagan shows that about 58 ...
operators include Comcast
Comcast Corporation (formerly known as American Cable Systems and Comcast Holdings),Before the AT&T merger in 2001, the parent company was Comcast Holdings Corporation. Comcast Holdings Corporation now refers to a subsidiary of Comcast Corpora ...
, Charter Communications
Charter Communications, Inc., is an American telecommunications and mass media company with services branded as Spectrum. With over 32 million customers in 41 states, it is the second-largest cable operator in the United States by subscribe ...
and Cox Communications
Cox Communications, Inc. (also known as Cox Cable and formerly Cox Broadcasting Corporation, Dimension Cable Services and Times-Mirror Cable) is an American digital cable television provider, telecommunications and home automation services. It i ...
. Direct-broadcast satellite
Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location. The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna commo ...
(DBS) services include DirecTV
DirecTV (trademarked as DIRECTV) is an American multichannel video programming distributor based in El Segundo, California. Originally launched on June 17, 1994, its primary service is a digital satellite service serving the United States. I ...
and Dish Network
DISH Network Corporation (DISH, an acronym for DIgital Sky Highway) is an American television provider and the owner of the direct-broadcast satellite provider Dish, commonly known as Dish Network, and the over-the-top IPTV service, Sling ...
.
In an hour of broadcast time on a commercial broadcasting station, 10 to 20 minutes are typically devoted to advertising
Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to put a product or service in the spotlight in hopes of drawing it attention from consumers. It is typically used to promote a ...
. Advertisers pay a certain amount of money to air their commercials
A television advertisement (also called a television commercial, TV commercial, commercial, spot, television spot, TV spot, advert, television advert, TV advert, television ad, TV ad or simply an ad) is a span of television programming produce ...
, usually based upon program ratings or the audience measurement
Audience measurement measures how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership, but also in relation to newspaper and magazine readership and, increasingly, web traffic on websites. Sometim ...
of a station or network. This makes commercial broadcasters more accountable to advertisers than public broadcasting
Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
, a disadvantage of commercial radio and television.
Europe
In Europe, commercial broadcasting coexists with public broadcasting (where programming is largely funded by broadcast receiver licence
A television licence or broadcast receiving licence is a payment required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts, or the possession of a television set where some broadcasts are funded in full or in part by the licence f ...
s, public donations or government grants).
In the UK, Sky UK
Sky UK Limited is a British broadcaster and telecommunications company that provides television and broadband Internet services, fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom. It is a subsidiary of ...
is available and WorldSpace
1worldspace, known for most of its existence simply as WorldSpace, is a defunct satellite radio network that in its heyday provided service to over 170,000 subscribers in eastern, southern and northern Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia w ...
Satellite Radio was available.
Asia
The best-known commercial services in Asia are one of the South Korean radio and television network SBS along with one of the Hong Kong television network TVB
Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) is a television broadcasting company based in Hong Kong SAR. The Company operates five free-to-air terrestrial television channels in Hong Kong, with TVB Jade as its main Cantonese language service, and ...
.
List of major commercial broadcasters
Contemporary hit radio
Contemporary hit radio (also known as CHR, contemporary hits, hit list, current hits, hit music, top 40, or pop radio) is a radio format that is common in many countries that focuses on playing current and recurrent popular music as determined by ...
in bold.
Americas
Argentina
* América
*Paramount Networks Americas
Paramount Networks Americas (PNA) (formerly MTV Networks Latin America, Viacom International Media Networks The Americas, then ViacomCBS Networks Americas) is a subsidiary of Paramount Global. PNA's operational headquarters is located in Miami, Fl ...
**Telefe
Telefe (acronym for Televisión Federal) is a television station located in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The station is owned and operated by Paramount Global through Televisión Federal S.A. Telefe is also one of Argentina's six national televisio ...
*El Nueve
Channel 9, known by its brand name El Nueve (stylized as elnueve) is an Argentine free-to-air television network based in Buenos Aires with programming centred on general entertainment.
History Origins and first Romay ownership
After the fall o ...
*El Trece
Channel 13 (known by its current brand name El Trece, stylized as eltrece) is an Argentine free-to-air television network and the flagship station of the network of the same name, located in the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires. It is owned by ...
* Net TV
*Bravo TV
Bolivia
* ATB
* Canal 11
*Bolivisión
Bolivisión is a commercial Bolivian television station based in Santa Cruz. The channel was launched on June 17, 1997.Red UNO
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...
Brazil
*Band
Band or BAND may refer to:
Places
*Bánd, a village in Hungary
*Band, Iran, a village in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Band, Mureș, a commune in Romania
*Band-e Majid Khan, a village in Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, I ...
*Globo
Globo (meaning '' globe'' in Portuguese, Spanish and Italian) may refer to:
* Grupo Globo, a Brazilian conglomerate primarily in mass media
** TV Globo, a television network
*** GloboNews, a television 24-hour news channel
*** Globo (Portuguese T ...
*RecordTV
RecordTV (), formerly known as Rede Record, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network. It is currently the second largest commercial TV station in Brazil, and the 28th largest in the 2012 world ranking. In 2010, it was elected by the adver ...
*RedeTV!
RedeTV! () is a Brazilian television network owned by Amilcare Dallevo and Marcelo de Carvalho. It is the newest television network, among the five major networks in Brazil, being a relaunch of Rede Manchete in 1999.
RedeTV! has modern produc ...
*SBT
sbt is an open-source build tool for Scala and Java projects, similar to Apache's Maven and Gradle.
Its main features are:
*Native support for compiling Scala code and integrating with many Scala test frameworks
*Continuous compilation, te ...
* CNT
Canada
;English language
*CTV
CTV may refer to:
Television
* Connected TV, or Smart TV, a TV set with integrated internet
North America and South America
* CTV Television Network, a Canadian television network owned by Bell Media
** CTV 2, a secondary Canadian televisio ...
*Citytv
Citytv is a Canadian television network owned by the Rogers Sports & Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications. The licence of the original Citytv station, granted the callsign of CITY-TV by the CRTC on November 25, 1971 to Cable Television ...
*Global Television Network
The Global Television Network (more commonly called Global, or occasionally Global TV) is a Canadian English-language terrestrial television network. It is currently Canada's second most-watched private terrestrial television network after C ...
;French language
* TVA
*Noovo
Noovo is a Canadian French-language terrestrial television network owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of BCE Inc. The network has five owned-and-operated and three affiliated stations throughout Quebec, although it can also be seen over-the-a ...
Chile
*UCV Televisión
TV+ (pronounced ''Te Ve Más'' or TV Más) is a Chilean free-to-air television channel. which is broadcast from Santiago. Previously known as the Television Corporation of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso or UCV Televisión, it w ...
* Canal 13
*Paramount Networks Americas
Paramount Networks Americas (PNA) (formerly MTV Networks Latin America, Viacom International Media Networks The Americas, then ViacomCBS Networks Americas) is a subsidiary of Paramount Global. PNA's operational headquarters is located in Miami, Fl ...
**Chilevisión
Chilevisión (often abbreviated as CHV) is a Chilean free-to-air television channel. It is the third oldest Chilean television network, owned by Paramount Networks Americas, being founded by the University of Chile on November 4, 1960.
Histo ...
*Mega
Mega or MEGA may refer to:
Science
* mega-, a metric prefix denoting 106
* Mega (number), a certain very large integer in Steinhaus–Moser notation
* "mega-" a prefix meaning "large" that is used in taxonomy
* Gravity assist, for ''Moon-Eart ...
* La Red
*Telecanal
Telecanal is a private owned TV channel of Chile, launched on December 5, 2005. It currently airs in Santiago on VHF channel 2. The station for the channel mostly airs American films and TV series.
History Launch (2005–2010)
Following the s ...
Colombia
*RCN Televisión
RCN Televisión, branded as Canal RCN (''Radio Cadena Nacional'') is a Colombian free-to-air television network. It is a Colombian open television channel, belonging to the Ardila Lülle Organization. It was founded as a television content produ ...
*Caracol Televisión
Caracol Televisión (known as Caracol and previously as Canal Caracol) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Caracol Medios, a unit of Grupo Valorem. It is one of the leading private TV networks in Colombia, alongside Canal RCN ...
* Channel 1
*Canal A
Canal A (previously known as ''Cadena Dos'') was a Colombian open television network launched on January 16, 1971, under the name ''Tele9 Corazón''.
History
TV9 Telebogotá (Teletigre), the first private television station in Colombia, began ...
Costa Rica
*Teletica
Televisora de Costa Rica S.A., known as Teletica is a Costa Rican television broadcaster, founded in 1958. It operates Teletica Canal 7, XperTV Canal 33, and, since 1991 (partially since 2018), CableTica (now called Liberty).
History
In Octobe ...
*Repretel
Representaciones Televisivas (Televised Representations) S.A., commonly known as Repretel or Grupo Repretel is a Costa Rican media company, founded by Remigio Gonzalez, that came into competition with Teletica and Canal9. Repretel owns Costa Rica ...
Ecuador
*Ecuavisa
Ecuavisa is an Ecuadorian free-to-air television network that was launched on March 1, 1967 on Quito's channel 8 and Guayaquil's channel 2. It is one of the leading TV networks in the country. The channel has an international feed named ''Ecua ...
*Gamavisión
Gamavisión is a state-owned Ecuadorian television network. The network was one of Televisa
Grupo Televisa is a Mexican multimedia mass media company. A major Latin American mass media corporation, it often presents itself as the largest prod ...
* Teleamazonas
*TC Televisión
TC Televisión is a state-owned television network in Ecuador. The network was founded in 1969 and was commercially funded for many years until 2011 when The Isaias Group went into a lawsuit and was sold to a state government unit, Since then the ...
*Canal Uno
Canal 1 ( en, Channel 1; pronounced "Canal Uno") is a Colombian state-owned television channel. It is owned by the Government of Colombia and managed by Plural Comunicaciones, S.A.S, a private company. From 1957 to 2017, the channel was administe ...
El Salvador
*Telecorporación Salvadoreña
Telecorporación Salvadoreña (TCS) is a television network corporation in El Salvador. Telecorporación Salvadoreña is a group of local television stations formed by channels 2, 4, 6, and TCS+. (channel 35) TCS launched began transmissions on ch ...
* Canal 12
*Megavisión
Red Televisiva Megavisión (MEGA) is a Chilean private television network headquartered in Santiago. It currently airs on digital frequency channel 27 ( ISDB-Tb) for HDTV. In 2012, ownership of Mega channel was transferred from Claro Group to B ...
Guatemala
* Canal 3
Honduras
* Televicentro
Mexico
*Televisa
Grupo Televisa is a Mexican multimedia mass media company. A major Latin American mass media corporation, it often presents itself as the largest producer of Spanish-language content.
In April 2021, Televisa and Univision Communications announce ...
*TV Azteca
TV Azteca, S.A.B. de C.V. is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. It primarily competes with Televisa as well as some local operators. It owns two natio ...
*Imagen Televisión
Imagen Televisión is a national broadcast television network in Mexico, owned by Grupo Imagen. It launched on October 17, 2016, at 8 p.m.
History Imagen on television
In 2006, Imagen's parent, Grupo Empresarial Ángeles, acquired XHRAE-T ...
*Grupo Multimedios
Grupo Multimedios is a Mexican media conglomerate with holdings in broadcast television, radio, publishing and entertainment.
The company is headquartered in Monterrey.
History
Multimedios was founded in 1940 when Jesús Dionisio González ac ...
*MVS Comunicaciones
MVS Comunicaciones (MVS) is a Mexican media conglomerate. The company owns MASTV, MVS Radio operator of four national radio networks, MVS Televisión operator and distributor of seven pay television networks, E-Go wireless broadband internet an ...
* Quiero TV
Panama
*Telemetro
Telemetro is a television network headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country. The station broadcasts in NTSC format and in Panama City also in DVB-T format. In 1996 Telemetro and RPC TV merged and formed Corpora ...
* TVN
Paraguay
*Paravisión
Paravisión, sometimes known as Canal 5, is a Paraguayan free-to-air television channel owned by Albavisión which broadcasts news programs, sports, entertainment, imported TV shows, among others. It also employs the European Teletext system.
...
* SNT
*Trece
Richard Mathey (born June 27, 1987) is an American professional wrestler who currently competes on the independent circuit and also wrestles for Lucha Underground and Championship Wrestling from Hollywood.
Professional wrestling career
Lucha U ...
*Unicanal
Unicanal is a Paraguayan Digital television network owned and operated by Grupo JBB.
Programming
News
;Noticieros Unicanal
* Notciero Unicanal Primera Edición
* Noticiero Unicanal: Segunda Edición
* Noticiero Central Unicanal
* Síntesi ...
Peru
*América Televisión
América Televisión is a Peruvian television network, founded in 1958. The network is owned by Plural TV, which is a joint venture of the '' El Comercio'' and ''La República'' daily newspapers. It was the second television channel to be fou ...
* Global Televisión
* ATV
*Latina Televisión
*Panamericana Televisión
Panamericana Televisión (sometimes shortened to Panamericana and formerly known as PANTEL) is a Peruvian television network, which was founded on July 21, 1957 and had later begun its official broadcast on October 16, 1959.
History Early years
...
* La Tele
United States
;English language
* ABC
*CBS
CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, the abbreviation of its former legal name Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainm ...
* Fox
*NBC
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...
*The CW
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the ...
*MyNetworkTV
MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyTV, MyNet, MNT or MNTV, and sometimes referred to as My Network) is an American commercial broadcast television syndication service and former television network owned by Fox Corporation, operated by its ...
;Spanish language
*Azteca América
Azteca América (, sometimes shortened to Azteca) is an American Spanish-language free-to-air television network owned by INNOVATE Corp., which acquired the network from the Azteca International Corporation subsidiary of TV Azteca.
Headquartere ...
*Estrella TV
Estrella TV () is an American Spanish-language broadcast television network owned by the Estrella Media subsidiary of HPS Investment Partners, LLC. The network primarily features programs, the vast majority of which are produced by the network ...
*Telemundo
Telemundo (; formerly NetSpan) is an American Spanish-language terrestrial television network owned by NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises, a division of NBCUniversal, which in turn is owned by Comcast. It provides content nationally with pr ...
*Univision
Univision () is an American Spanish-language free-to-air television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. It is the United States' largest provider of Spanish-language content. The network's programming is aimed at the Latino public and include ...
*UniMás
UniMás (, stylized as ''UNIMÁS'', and originally known as TeleFutura from its launch on January 14, 2002, to January 6, 2013) is an American Spanish free-to-air television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. The network's programming, which i ...
Uruguay
* Canal 4
* Canal 10
*Teledoce
Teledoce Televisora Color, also known as Canal 12 is a Uruguayan free-to-air television network, located in the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo. It is owned by Grupo Disco. Television transmissions commenced in 1962.
History
It was the third a ...
Venezuela
*Venevisión
Venevisión () is a Venezuelan free-to-air television channel and one of Venezuela's largest television networks, owned by the Cisneros Media division of Grupo Cisneros.
History
The company's roots date back to June 1, 1953, with the establis ...
*Televen
Televen is a private Venezuelan national television network headquartered on the Caracas neighborhood of Horizonte. For this reason it is also called 'Canal de Horizonte'. Televen was inaugurated as the ''TELEVEN Corporation'' (''Corporación TE ...
*Globovisión
Globovisión is a 24-hour television news network. It broadcasts over-the-air in Caracas, Aragua, Carabobo and Zulia on UHF channel 33. Globovisión is seen in the rest of Venezuela on cable or satellite (Globovisión has an alliance with Dire ...
*Meridiano Televisión
Meridiano Televisión is a 24-hour sports network in Venezuela.
History
Meridiano Televisión was created in 1996 as a privately owned television network in Venezuela, exclusively dedicated to national and international sports. Its owned by Blo ...
*Vale TV
Vale TV ''(Valores Educativos Televisión)'' (formerly a public-owned educational channel in Venezuela called Televisora Nacional) is a television channel run by Asociación Civil, a non-profit association owned by the Roman Catholic Archbishopr ...
Asia
China
* Fantastic Television Limited (奇妙電視, FTV) — Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
, China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
**76 HD - Hong Kong International Business Channel (香港國際財經台) - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Hong Kong English
Hong Kong English is a variety of the English language native to Hong Kong. The variant is either a learner interlanguage or emergent variant, primarily a result of Hong Kong's British overseas territory history and the influence of native ...
**77 HD - HOY TV - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Hong Kong Cantonese
Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of the Cantonese language of the Sino-Tibetan family.
Although Hongkongers refer to the language as "''Cantonese''" (), publications in mainland China describe the variant as ''Hong Kong dialect'' (), due to ...
**78 HD - HOY Infotainment (HOY資訊台) - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Hong Kong Cantonese
Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of the Cantonese language of the Sino-Tibetan family.
Although Hongkongers refer to the language as "''Cantonese''" (), publications in mainland China describe the variant as ''Hong Kong dialect'' (), due to ...
* HK Television Entertainment Ltd (香港電視娛樂有限公司, HKTVE) — Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
, China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
**96 HD - ViuTVsix
ViuTVsix is a free-to-air English language general entertainment television channel in Hong Kong operated by HK Television Entertainment (HKTVE), whose parent company, PCCW, also operates IPTV platform Now TV and media streaming service Viu.
Th ...
- Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Hong Kong English
Hong Kong English is a variety of the English language native to Hong Kong. The variant is either a learner interlanguage or emergent variant, primarily a result of Hong Kong's British overseas territory history and the influence of native ...
**97 HD - ViuTV
ViuTV is a Cantonese language Generalist channel, general entertainment television channel in Hong Kong operated by HK Television Entertainment (HKTVE), whose parent company PCCW also operates the IPTV platform Now TV (Hong Kong), Now TV and the ...
- Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Hong Kong Cantonese
Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of the Cantonese language of the Sino-Tibetan family.
Although Hongkongers refer to the language as "''Cantonese''" (), publications in mainland China describe the variant as ''Hong Kong dialect'' (), due to ...
*Television Broadcasts Limited
Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) is a television broadcasting company based in Hong Kong SAR. The Company operates five free-to-air terrestrial television channels in Hong Kong, with TVB Jade as its main Cantonese language service, and TVB ...
(電視廣播有限公司 "無綫電視", TVB
Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) is a television broadcasting company based in Hong Kong SAR. The Company operates five free-to-air terrestrial television channels in Hong Kong, with TVB Jade as its main Cantonese language service, and ...
) — Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
, China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
**81 HD - TVB Jade
TVB Jade (), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Br ...
(無線電視翡翠台) - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Hong Kong Cantonese
Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of the Cantonese language of the Sino-Tibetan family.
Although Hongkongers refer to the language as "''Cantonese''" (), publications in mainland China describe the variant as ''Hong Kong dialect'' (), due to ...
**82 HD - TVB J2 - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Contemporary Teenager Youth Teen Channel
**83 HD - TVB News Channel
TVB News Channel (previously TVB iNews) is a 24-hour non-stop Cantonese news and information channel based in Hong Kong and Asia, utilizing the resources of TVB News
TVB News (), formally known as the News and Information Division (), is the ...
(無線新聞台) - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/24-hour clock
The modern 24-hour clock, popularly referred to in the United States as military time, is the convention of timekeeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours. This is indicated by the hours (and minutes) pa ...
News Channel
**84 HD - TVB Pearl
TVB Pearl is a terrestrial television channel in Hong Kong owned by Television Broadcasts Limited. Established on 19 November 1967, it shares headquarters with TVB's other properties at TVB City at 77 Chun Choi Street in Tseung Kwan O Industr ...
(無線電視明珠台) - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/Hong Kong English
Hong Kong English is a variety of the English language native to Hong Kong. The variant is either a learner interlanguage or emergent variant, primarily a result of Hong Kong's British overseas territory history and the influence of native ...
**85 HD - TVB Finance, Sports & Information Channel
TVB Finance, Sports & Information Channel (formerly TVB Finance Channel and TVB Finance & Information Channel, ) is a 24-hour non-stop Cantonese finance information channel based in Hong Kong and operated by TVB. The channel provides financial, ...
(無綫財經·體育·資訊台) - Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
/24-hour clock
The modern 24-hour clock, popularly referred to in the United States as military time, is the convention of timekeeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours. This is indicated by the hours (and minutes) pa ...
Finance, Sport and Information Channel
India
*Paramount Networks EMEAA
Paramount Networks Europe, Middle East, Africa & Asia (EMEAA) is a division of Paramount International Networks which is fully owned by Paramount Global. The unit's headquarters are in Berlin, with additional offices in Madrid, Lisbon, Paris, Am ...
**Colors TV
Colors TV is an Indian general entertainment broadcast network owned by Viacom18. The network's programming consists of family dramas, comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
History
It was launched on ...
*Zee Entertainment Enterprises
Zee Entertainment Enterprises (formerly Zee Telefilms) is an Indian media conglomerate owned by Essel Group. Headquartered in Mumbai, it has interests in television, print, internet, film, businesses related to mobile contents, and operates 45 ...
**Zee TV
Zee TV (stylised as ZEE TV) is a Hindi general entertainment pay television
Pay television, also known as subscription television, premium television or, when referring to an individual service, a premium channel, refers to subscription-ba ...
*The Walt Disney Company India
The Walt Disney Company India Private Limited, known simply as Disney India, is the Indian subsidiary of the Indo Pacific region of the American media and entertainment conglomerate The Walt Disney Company and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharasht ...
**Star Plus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Disney Star (formerly ''Star India''), a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company India. The network's programming consists of family dramas, comedi ...
*Culver Max Entertainment
Culver Max Entertainment Private Limited, doing business as Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN or SPNI), is an Indian media conglomerate owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment.
Culver Max Entertainment manages and operates 26 television channels, ...
**Sony Entertainment Television
Sony Entertainment Television (SET) is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel, that was launched on 30 September 1995, and is owned by Culver Max Entertainment, a subsidiary of the Japanese Sony.
SET India's ...
Indonesia
Japan ( key stations)
* Tokyo TV Asahi (東京テレビ朝日) (EX)
* Tokyo Fuji TV (東京フジテレビ) (CX)
* Tokyo InterFM (東京InterFM) (DW)
* Tokyo J-Wave (東京J-WAVE) (AV)
* Tokyo Nippon Broadcasting System (東京ニッポン放送) (LF)
* Tokyo Nippon Cultural Broadcasting (東京文化放送) (QR)
* Tokyo Nippon Television Network (東京日本テレビ放送網) (AX)
* Tokyo Broadcasting System Radio (東京TBSラジオ) (KR)
*Tokyo Broadcasting System Television
JORX-DTV, branded as is the flagship station of the Japan News Network (JNN), owned-and-operated by , a subsidiary of JNN's owner, TBS Holdings. It operates in the Kantō region and broadcasts its content nationally through TBS-JNN Network ...
(東京TBSテレビ) (RX)
* Tokyo FM (東京エフエム) (AU)
*TV Tokyo
JOTX-DTV (channel 7), branded as and known colloquially as , is a television station headquartered in the Sumitomo Fudosan Roppongi Grand Tower in Roppongi, Minato, Tokyo, Japan, owned and operated by the subsidiary of listed certifie ...
(テレビ東京) (TX)
Malaysia
Philippines (major commercial station)
* GMA
* GTV
* TV5
Singapore
*Astro Malaysia Holdings
** Astro Sensasi
*SPH Media Trust
SPH Media Trust (SMT), commonly known as SPH Media, is a media organisation with businesses in print, digital, radio, and outdoor media in Singapore. Legally a company limited by guarantee, it was incorporated on 19 July 2021, and begin establ ...
** 96.3 Hao FM
** UFM100.3
**Money FM 89.3
SPH Media Trust (SMT), commonly known as SPH Media, is a media organisation with businesses in print, digital, radio, and outdoor media in Singapore. Legally a company limited by guarantee, it was incorporated on 19 July 2021, and begin estab ...
** Kiss 92
**One FM 91.3
SPH Media Trust (SMT), commonly known as SPH Media, is a media organisation with businesses in print, digital, radio, and outdoor media in Singapore. Legally a company limited by guarantee, it was incorporated on 19 July 2021, and begin estab ...
* So Drama! Entertainment
** 883Jia
** Power 98
South Korea
Taiwan
*TVBS Media Inc.
** TVBS Main Channel
** TVBS Entertainment Channel
** TVBS-NEWS
*Taiwan Television
Taiwan Television Enterprise, Ltd. (), commonly known as TTV and formerly known as Central Television and Voice of Taiwan, is the first terrestrial television station in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was established on April 28, 1962, and ...
(臺灣電視公司 "台視", TTV)
**TTV Main Channel
TTV Main Channel is the primary free-to-air terrestrial television channel of the Taiwan Television company and is the first television channel launched in the Republic of China (Taiwan).
History
It was established on April 28, 1962, test tr ...
** TTV Finance
**TTV Variety
**TTV News Channel
*China Television
China Television Company, Ltd. (CTV; ) (Formerly called Taiwan Daytime TV (TDT) in 1969-1975) is a television broadcasting company based in Taipei, Taiwan. It was established on September 3, 1968, by the then-ruling Nationalist Party (KMT) of ...
(中國電視公司 "中視", CTV)
**CTV Main Channel
CTV (formerly known as CTV Main Channel) is a free-to-air terrestrial television channel of the China Television
China Television Company, Ltd. (CTV; ) (Formerly called Taiwan Daytime TV (TDT) in 1969-1975) is a television broadcasting comp ...
** CTV News Channel
**CTV Classic
CTV Classic (), formerly known as CTV MyLife (), is a digital television channel operated by China Television (CTV) in Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and S ...
**CTV Bravo
*Chinese Television System
The Chinese Television System Inc. () is a terrestrial television station in Taiwan and was founded in 1971. Recent milestones of the network are in sports events, including having the distinction to offer exclusive coverage of the 2017 Un ...
(中華電視公司 "華視", CTS)
**CTS Main Channel
CTS Main Channel is the flagship free-to-air terrestrial television channel of the Chinese Television System network and is the third oldest free-to-air terrestrial television channel in the Republic of China (Taiwan) after TTV Main Channel an ...
**CTS News and Info
CTS News and Info () is a digital television 24-hour news channel operated by Chinese Television System (CTS) in Taiwan. It used to be CTS Recreation () until September 10, 2012.
On April 19, 2021, CTS News and Info Channel took over Taiwan's C ...
*Formosa Television
Formosa Television () is a television station based in New Taipei, Taiwan. Established on March 27, 1996, FTV began broadcasting on June 11, 1997.
Formosa Television is also the first free-to-air television station which was established w ...
(民間全民電視公司 "民視", FTV)
** FTV Main Channel
**FTV Taiwan
**FTV News
FTV News (, Pinyin: Mín shì xīnwén tái) is a digital television news channel operated by Formosa Television (FTV) in Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a Country, country in East Asia, at the junction of the E ...
**FTV One
FTV One (), is a digital television channel operated by Formosa Television (FTV) in Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a Country, country in East Asia, at the junction of the East China Sea, East and South China Se ...
Thailand
* Bangkok Workpoint TV SD (23)
* Bangkok True4U SD (24)
* Bangkok GMM 25 SD (25)
* Bangkok Channel 8 SD (27)
* Bangkok MONO29 SD (29)
* Bangkok ONE 31 HD (31)
* Bangkok Thairath TV HD (32)
* Bangkok Channel 3 HD (33)
* Bangkok Amarin TV HD (34)
* Bangkok Channel 7 HD (35)
* Bangkok PPTV HD (36)
Vietnam
*Vietnam Television Corporation
Vietnam Multimedia Corporation is a Vietnamese multimedia corporation, founded in February 1988 for the purpose of building television stations. In July 2003, the Vietnam Ministry of Post and Telematics purchased VTC.
Origin
In February 1988, ...
Europe
Norway
*TV 2 Group
TV 2 Group (Norway, Norwegian: ''TV 2 Gruppen'') is Norway's largest Commercial broadcasting, commercial media company. TV 2 Group provides services for TV, Teletext, radio, Internet, Web TV, broadband-TV, mobile telephones and other information f ...
** TV 2
** TV 2 Zebra
TV 2 Zebra is a Norwegian television channel showing entertainment programmes, interactive programmes and live sport mainly targeted towards a male audience. The channel was started as TV 2 Xtra on 24 January 2004, but before that the channel wa ...
** TV 2 Nyheter
TV 2 Nyheter (''TV 2 News'') is a 24-hour Norwegian language television news channel which started broadcasting on 15 January 2007. It is Norway's first national news network in Norwegian, although Nyhetskanalen did exist from 1997 to 1998.
The ...
** TV 2 Sport
** TV 2 Sport Premium
** TV 2 Livsstil
TV 2 Livsstil is a Norwegian TV channel owned by the TV 2 Group. The channel replaces the previous channel TV 2 Bliss.
Contents
The channel is focusing on lifestyle programs. Some of the regular shows are Keeping up with the Kardashians
...
*Viaplay Group
Viaplay Group AB, formerly known as Nordic Entertainment Group AB (NENT Group), is a Swedish media and entertainment company headquartered in Stockholm.
The company operates the namesake video streaming services Viaplay and Viafree, advertising ...
** TV3 Norway
TV3 Norway is a commercial television channel targeting Norway owned by Viaplay Group. It was separated from the earlier Pan-Scandinavian version in 1990.
Unlike its main rivals, NRK, TV 2 and TVNorge, the channel does not broadcast from Norway ...
** TV3+ Norway
** TV6 Norway
* Warner Bros. Discovery Norway
** TVNorge
TVNorge (literally "TVNorway"; originally abbreviated TVN, now just abbreviated N in the logos) is a Norwegian television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA.
History
TVNorge went on the air on 5 December 1988 and was the first adver ...
** FEM
** MAX
** VOX
Denmark
*Viaplay Group
** TV3 Denmark
** TV3+
**TV3 Puls
TV3 Puls is television channel broadcasting to Denmark. It started broadcasting March 23, 2008.
Among the programmes broadcast on the channel from its launch are series such as ''Mad Men'' and ''Pushing Daisies'', lifestyle programmes and sport ...
**TV3 Max
TV3 MAX is a Danish TV channel dedicated to male viewers. The channel launched on 31 October 2017 and replaced TV3 Sport 2. The channel is owned by Viaplay Group.
Programming
TV3 MAX broadcasts sports like the Danish Superliga, Premier League, La ...
**TV3 Sport
TV3 Sport is a Danish sports television channel, owned by Viaplay Group and operated by TV3 SPORT. The channel originally broadcast as TV 2 SPORT and was a joint-venture between TV 2 and Modern Times Group.
MTG launched a dedicated Danish version ...
**See
See or SEE may refer to:
* Sight - seeing
Arts, entertainment, and media
* Music:
** ''See'' (album), studio album by rock band The Rascals
*** "See", song by The Rascals, on the album ''See''
** "See" (Tycho song), song by Tycho
* Television
* ...
*Warner Bros. Discovery Denmark
**Kanal 4
Kanal 4 (''Channel 4'') is a Danish subscription television channel operated by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery It was launched in 2006 as the successor of the former TvDanmark.
Its predecessor TvDanmark was l ...
** Kanal 5
**6'eren
6'eren is a Danish subscription television channel operated by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA. It replaced SBS Net on 1 January 2009.
The channel's target audience is males, branding itself with the slogan "Denmark's got a new TV Channel - and it ...
** Canal 9
Sweden
*TV4 AB
TV4 AB (formerly Nordisk Television AB; previously traded as ) is a Swedish media company owned by Telia Company through TV4 Media (formerly known as Bonnier Broadcasting). The company owns the largest commercial television channel in Sweden, ...
**TV4 TV4 or TV 4 may refer to:
*TV4 (Poland), a private Polish television station
*TV4 (Sweden), a Swedish television network
**TV4 Group, owners of the Swedish television station
*South African Broadcasting Corporation TV4, a channel operated by the st ...
**Sjuan
Sjuan ( en, The Seven; formerly TV4 Plus) is a sister channel of Swedish TV4, owned by TV4 AB. The main focus of the channel is on entertainment, sports and lifestyle programmes. The channel started as ''TV4 Plus'' in 2003 but changed name to Sjua ...
** TV12
**TV4 Fakta
TV4 Fakta is a Swedish documentary television channel owned by the TV4 Group. It started broadcasting in 2005.
Much of the programming is taken from A+E Networks. Since December 2005, the remainder of the schedule is filled with the English langu ...
**TV4 Film
TV4 Film is a Swedish film channel owned by TV4 Group.
TV4 applied for a licence to broadcast a film channel terrestrially in the autumn of 2003 and was granted a licence in December. The channel was launched as TV4 Film in April 2004. The first f ...
**TV4 Guld
TV4 Guld is a Swedish television channel devoted to "classic" programmes such as older television dramas.
The channel launched on November 3, simultaneously with its sister channel TV4 Komedi, on satellite from Canal Digital and cable from Com He ...
*Viaplay Group
** TV3
** TV6
** TV8
** TV10
*Warner Bros. Discovery Sweden
** Kanal 5
**Kanal 9
Kanal 9 (''Channel 9'') is a Swedish free-to-air television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. It targets the 25-59 age group, which is a slightly older age group than the sister channel Kanal 5. The channel launched on 25 February 2007. ...
** Kanal 11
Finland
*MTV Oy
MTV Oy (formerly Oy Mainos-TV-Reklam Ab) is a Finnish media company owned by Telia Company through TV4 Media (formerly known as Bonnier Broadcasting). The company owns the largest commercial television channel in Finland, MTV3.
On 20 July 2 ...
**MTV3
MTV3 ( fi, MTV Kolme, sv, MTV Tre) is a Finnish commercial television station. It had the biggest audience share of all Finnish TV channels until Yle TV1 (from Yle) took the lead. The letters MTV stand for Mainos-TV (literally "Advertisement ...
**MTV Sub
MTV Sub (formerly TVTV!, Subtv and Sub) is a Finnish TV channel owned by MTV Oy. The previous owner Alma Media sold Sub and its sister channels (MTV3, C More Max, MTV Ava Radio Nova and Sävelradio) to Swedish Bonnier and Proventus in 2005.
...
**MTV Ava
MTV Ava is a Finnish television channel owned and operated by MTV Oy.
Programming
* Dallas
* EastEnders
* Emmerdale (reruns)
* Friends
* Melrose Place
* Neighbours
* Salatut elämät (reruns)
* Smash
* The Renovators
* The Tyra Banks Sh ...
** C More Total
***C More Max
C More Max is a Finnish pay television channel owned and operated by MTV Oy. The channel started broadcasting in November 2006 and was originally dedicated to F1 coverage.
History
As MTV3+
In November 2002, MTV3 announced the launch of a ...
***C More Juniori
C More Juniori (formerly ''Subtv Juniori'', ''Sub Juniori'', ''MTV3 Juniori'' and ''MTV Juniori'') is a Finnish television channel targeting children owned and operated by MTV Oy. The channel is part of the C More channels package and broadcasts ...
*** C More Sport 1
*** C More Sport 2
*Nelonen Media
Nelonen Media is a Finnish commercial broadcasting company owned by Sanoma Media Finland, which is a part of Sanoma group.
History
Operations Free-to-air television channels
* Nelonen (and high definition simulcast channel Nelonen HD)
* Jim
* ...
**Nelonen
Nelonen () is a Finnish commercial television channel. It started out as Helsinki's local television channel PTV in 1990 on the HTV cable network (now part of DNA Welho), and changed its name first to PTV4. On June 1, 1997, the channel expand ...
**Jim
Jim or JIM may refer to:
* Jim (given name), a given name
* Jim, a diminutive form of the given name James
* Jim, a short form of the given name Jimmy
* OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mechanism
* ''Jim'' (comics), a series by Jim Woodring
* ''Jim ...
** Liv
**Hero
A hero (feminine: heroine) is a real person or a main fictional character who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, courage, or Physical strength, strength. Like other formerly gender-specific terms (like ...
*Warner Bros. Discovery Finland
** TV5
**Kutonen
Kutonen or VI divisioona is the seventh level in the Finnish football league system and comprises 265 teams. The VI divisioona was introduced in 1973 and in the mid-1990s became known as the Kutonen (''Number Six'' in English and ''Sexan'' in ...
** Frii
**TLC
TLC may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Television
* ''TLC'' (TV series), a 2002 British situational comedy television series that aired on BBC2
* TLC (TV network), formerly the Learning Channel, an American cable TV network
** TLC (Asia), an A ...
Republic of Ireland
* Virgin Media Television
**Virgin Media One
Virgin Media One, also called Virgin One, is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned by Virgin Media Ireland (part of Liberty Global), operated through its subsidiary Virgin Media Television. The channel was known until 30 August 201 ...
(SD, HD & +1)
**Virgin Media Two
Virgin Media Two, also called Virgin Two, is an Irish free-to-air television channel operated by Virgin Media Television (a subsidiary of Virgin Media Ireland).
History 2006–2009
Channel 6 was launched on 30 March 2006, then operated by Kis ...
(SD & HD)
**Virgin Media Three
Virgin Media Three, also called Virgin Three, is an Republic of Ireland, Irish free-to-air television channel owned by Virgin Media Ireland, Virgin Media Television.
The channel was first launched by Northern Irish broadcaster UTV Media on 1 ...
(SD & HD)
**Virgin Media Four
Virgin Media Four is an Irish television channel from Virgin Media Television.
The channel focuses on general entertainment programming from both Ireland and the UK as well as weekly coverage of the NFL.
The channel launched on 24 August 202 ...
(SD & HD)
**Virgin Media More
Virgin Media More is an Irish television channel from Virgin Media Television. The channel is exclusive to Virgin Media Ireland customers and is not available on other digital television platforms.
The channel focuses on broadcasting first see ...
(SD & HD)
*Bauer Media Audio Ireland
Bauer Media Audio Ireland (formerly Communicorp Group) is a media holding company based in Ireland, owned by Bauer Media Group.
History
Communicorp Group Ltd was formed by Denis O'Brien in 1989. It launched its radio operations in Ireland that ...
**Newstalk
Newstalk (formerly NewsTalk 106) is a national independent radio station in Ireland. It is operated by News 106 Limited, a subsidiary of Bauer Media Audio Ireland, and broadcasts under a sound broadcasting contract with the Broadcasting Aut ...
**Today FM
Today FM is an Irish national commercial FM radio station, owned and operated by Bauer Audio Ireland Limited. Broadcasting since 17 March 1997, it broadcasts mostly music, with a daily news and current affairs programme. Today FM holds a l ...
United Kingdom
France
*TF1 Group
TF1 Group (french: Groupe TF1) is a French media holding company. Its best-known property is the broadcast network TF1.
The group was formed after TF1 was privatized in April 1987. It is controlled with a 43% stake by Bouygues, and is quoted ...
** TF1
** TMC
** TFX
**TF1 Séries Films
TF1 Séries Films, formerly HD1 (acronym for ''Histoire de'') is a French TV channel, controlled by TF1 Group. HD1 launched on Television in France, TNT, satellite, and xDSL on 12 December 2012.
History Proposed new TNT channels
With the shutdow ...
** LCI
*M6 Group
Metropole Télévision SA, commonly known as Groupe M6 ( en, M6 Group), is a French media holding company. It was formed around the Public television channel M6, launched in March 1987 by the CLT ( RTL Télévision) and La Lyonnaise des Eaux.
...
** M6
** W9
** 6ter
**Gulli
Gulli (; stylised as gulli) is a French free-to-air television channel focused on kids programming for those aged 3 to 14. It was created as a result of a partnership between Lagardère Active and state-owned broadcaster France Télévisions. ...
**Paris Première
Paris Première is a French public TV channel, available on cable, satellite and the digital terrestrial service, Télévision Numérique Terrestre. It was launched on 15 December 1986 and is now wholly owned by the Groupe M6.
Programming
...
**Téva
Téva is a French general-interest public television channel, privately owned, with a female and family focus, belonging to the M6 Group. Téva has been broadcast in 16:9 since 10 November 2009 and in HD quality since 8 November 2011.
History
I ...
**M6 Music
M6 Music is a French music video television channel owned and operated by the M6 Group.
External linksOfficial Website
Music television channels
Television stations in France
French-language television stations
Television channels and ...
** TiJi
**Canal J
Canal J (stylised as canal J) is a French pay public television channel dedicated to children's programming. It is aimed at children aged seven to fourteen.
On 1 February 2019, M6 Group entered negotiations to acquire the television unit of ...
*Canal+ Group
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow und ...
**Canal+
Canal+ (Canal Plus, , meaning 'Channel Plus'; sometimes abbreviated C+ or Canal) is a French premium television channel launched in 1984. It is 100% owned by the Groupe Canal+, which in turn is owned by Vivendi. The channel broadcasts several ki ...
** Canal+ Cinéma
** Canal+ Sport
** Canal+ Kids
**Canal+ Docs
**Canal+ Grand Écran
** Canal+ Séries
**Canal+ Sport 360°
**Canal+ Foot
** C8
** CNews
**CStar
CStar () is a private national French TV channel, owned by Canal+ Group.
History
D17 was launched on 7 October 2012, replacing Direct Star, after Canal+ bought it to Bolloré Group.
D17 was rebranded CStar on 5 September 2016.
Since 27 F ...
**CStar Hits France
* Altice Média
** BFM TV
**BFM Business
BFM Business (called BFM for ''Business FM'' until April 2009 and BFM Radio until November 2010) is France's first business news channel. It's also the most-listened to business news radio station in this country. From November 2010, BFM Business ...
**RMC Story
RMC Story, formerly known as Numéro 23 and initially as TVous La télédiversité, is a French independent TV television channel founded by Diversité TV France. It launched its broadcasts on 12 December 2012 and is the 23rd national television ...
**RMC Découverte
RMC Découverte is a French television channel broadcast on channel 24 and owned by NextRadioTV. Created in 2012, it mainly broadcasts documentaries such as ''Wheeler Dealers'', '' Ancient Aliens'', Swamp Loggers. RMC Découverte broadcasts th ...
*NRJ Group
The NRJ Group (NRJ is an acronym read as ''énergie'' in French, pronounced ) () is a French multimedia group based in Paris. Its founders are Jean-Paul Baudecroux and Max Guazzini. Since its foundation in 1981 as a French pop music radio ...
**NRJ 12
NRJ 12 is a French private public-state general-interest television channel belonging to the NRJ Group, created on 31 March 2005 on DTT. The channel is available on DTT, cable, satellite and ADSL.
History of the channel
Originally called NRJ T ...
**NRJ Hits
**Chérie 25
Chérie 25 () is a French TV channel, controlled by the NRJ Group. Chérie 25 is launched on TNT, satellite, and xDSL on 12 December 2012. The channel is named after the radio station Chérie FM, owned by the same group.
History
In 2011, Jean ...
Italy
*Mediaset
Mediaset Italia S.p.A., also known as Mediaset, is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The company is controlled by the holding company MFE - MediaForEurope. Founded in 1987 by former ...
**Rete 4
Rete 4 (in English Network 4) is an Italian free-to-air television channel operated by Mediaset Italia and owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. Presently the director is Sebastiano Lombardi.
Programs
TV Programmes (currently)
Rete 4's strengt ...
**Canale 5
Canale 5 () is an Italian free-to-air television channel of Mediaset, owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. It was the first private television network to have a national coverage in Italy in 1980.
On 4 December 2012, Mediaset launched Canale 5 HD, a s ...
**Italia 1
Italia 1 (Italian pronunciation ) is an Italian free-to-air television channel on the Mediaset network, owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. It is oriented at both young and adult people.
Italia 1 was launched on 3 January 1982 and, originally, was o ...
** 20
**Iris
Iris most often refers to:
*Iris (anatomy), part of the eye
*Iris (mythology), a Greek goddess
* ''Iris'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants
* Iris (color), an ambiguous color term
Iris or IRIS may also refer to:
Arts and media
Fictional ent ...
**27 Twentyseven
**La5
La5 is an Italian entertainment television channel, launched on May 12, 2010, operated by the media company Mediaset and owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. It is broadcast in Italy on Digital terrestrial television, DTT Virtual channel, channel 30 on ...
**Cine34
**Focus
Focus, or its plural form foci may refer to:
Arts
* Focus or Focus Festival, former name of the Adelaide Fringe arts festival in South Australia Film
*''Focus'', a 1962 TV film starring James Whitmore
* ''Focus'' (2001 film), a 2001 film based ...
**Top Crime
Top Crime, often stylised TOPcrime, is a thematic television channel, dedicated to the TV series and movies on the world of crime, operated by Mediaset and owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. The broadcasts began on 1 June 2013 both on digital terrest ...
**Boing
Boing may refer to:
Places
* Boing, South Sudan, a town in Upper Nile state on the Yabus River
Arts, entertainment, and media Music
* "Boing", a song by Ween from the album ''The Pod''
* "Boing!" (song), a 2006 song by Nik & Jay
* "Boing!", ...
**Cartoonito
**Italia 2
Mediaset Italia Due, commonly known as Italia 2 (pronounced ''Italia Due'' ), is an Italian television channel, operated by Mediaset and owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. It was founded, and started to broadcast, in 2011.
Italia 2 currently broadca ...
** TgCom24
**Mediaset Extra
Mediaset Extra is an Italian entertainment television channel, operated by the media company Mediaset and owned by MFE - MediaForEurope, launched on 26 November 2010.
It is broadcast in Italy on DTT channel 34 on mux ''Mediaset 2''.
The chan ...
* Warner Bros. Discovery Italia
**Nove
Nove is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Vicenza in the region of Veneto, north-eastern Italy, with just over 5,000 inhabitants. It is located on the Brenta river, near Marostica and Bassano del Grappa.
The town is home of a local networ ...
** DMAX
**Food Network
**Frisbee
A frisbee (pronounced ), also called a flying disc or simply a disc, is a gliding toy or sporting item that is generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitive ...
**Giallo
In Italian cinema, ''Giallo'' (; plural ''gialli'', from ''giallo'', Italian for yellow) is a genre of mystery fiction and thrillers that often contains slasher, crime fiction, psychological thriller, psychological horror, sexploitation, and, ...
**HGTV
HGTV (an initialism for Home & Garden Television) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The network primarily broadcasts reality programming related to home improvement and real estate. As of February 2015, appr ...
** K2
**Motor Trend
''MotorTrend'' is an American automobile magazine. It first appeared in September 1949, and designated the first Car of the Year, also in 1949.
Petersen Publishing Company in Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles published ''MotorTrend'' until 19 ...
** Real Time
**Warner TV
Warner TV is a pay television channel mainly airing in Latin America, Europe, parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia, which is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery through its International unit that focuses on airing American series and films.
Most ...
*Sky Italia
Sky Italia S.r.l. is an Italian satellite television platform owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast. Sky Italia also broadcasts three national free-to-air television channels: TV8, Cielo and Sky TG24. As of 2018, following an agree ...
**Cielo
Cielo (Spanish and Italian for "heaven" or "sky"), El Cielo (in Spanish) or Il Cielo (in Italian) may refer to:
Art, entertainment, and media
* ''Cielo'' (film), a 2017 Chile-Canadian documentary film
* Cielo (TV channel), an Italian television ...
**Sky Arte
**Sky Atlantic
**Sky Cinema
Sky Cinema is a British subscription film service owned by Sky Group (a division of Comcast). In the United Kingdom, Sky Cinema channels currently broadcast on the Sky satellite and Virgin Media cable platforms, and in addition Sky Cinema on ...
**Sky Documentaries
**Sky Investigation
**Sky Nature
**Sky Serie
** Sky Sport
**Sky TG24
Sky TG24 is Italy's second all-news channel, owned by Sky Italia.
Launched on 31 July 2003, it provides non-stop rolling news, weather forecasts and sports stories with half-hourly updates.
Overview
Part of Sky TG24's programming is available o ...
**Sky Uno
Sky Uno ( en, Sky One) is an Italian entertainment television channel, based on the defunct reality television channel ''SKY Vivo'', both owned and broadcast by Sky Italia.
It broadcasts the Italian version of the shows ''The X Factor'', ''Got T ...
** TV8
*Cairo Communication
Cairo Communication S.p.A. is an Italian media and publishing company based in Milan. The shares of the company float in Borsa Italiana. Urbano Cairo, via UT Communications, UT Belgium Holding, owned 50.101% stake of the company. In turn Cairo Co ...
**La7
La7 is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned by Cairo Communication. Until 2013 it was a pay-per-view channel owned by Telecom Italia Media and operated by Telecom Italia.
Signal overspill means that parts of Albania, Croatia, Swi ...
**La7d
* Paramount Global Italia
**Super!
Super! is an Italian television channel owned by Paramount Networks EMEAA. The channel was launched on 1 September 2010 as ''DeA Super'' on Sky Italia. On 18 March 2012, it became free-to-air and changed name to ''Super!''. The network official s ...
** VH1
Germany
*RTL Deutschland
RTL Deutschland (formerly known as ''Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland'') is a German media company based in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. It was founded in 2007 as a holding company for the German television, broadcasting and content production ...
**RTL Television
RTL (from '), formerly RTL plus and RTL Television, is a German-language free-to-air television channel owned by the RTL Group, headquartered in Cologne. Founded as an offshoot of the German-language radio programme '' ,'' RTL is consider ...
** VOX
**RTL II
RTL Zwei (stylised as RTLZWEI), formerly spelled RTL 2 and RTL II, is a German-language television channel that is operated by ''RTL2 Television GmbH & Co. KG''. RTL2 is a private television broadcaster with a full program ''(Vollprogramm)'' ...
**RTLup
RTLup (formerly RTLplus) is a German free-to-air television channel of the RTL Group
RTL Group (for "Radio Television Luxembourg") is a Luxembourg-based international media conglomerate, with another corporate centre in Cologne, German ...
**Nitro
Nitro may refer to:
Chemistry
*Nitrogen, a chemical element and a gas except at very low temperatures, with which many compounds are formed:
**Nitro compound, an organic compound containing one or more nitro functional groups, -NO2
**Nitroalkene, ...
**Super RTL
Super RTL is a German free-to-air television network owned by the RTL Group. The channel originally launched in 1995 as a joint venture between RTL Group predecessor company CLT-UFA and Disney's Buena Vista International Television Investments ...
**Toggo Plus
Super RTL is a German free-to-air television network owned by the RTL Group. The channel originally launched in 1995 as a joint venture between RTL Group predecessor company CLT-UFA and Disney's Buena Vista International Television Investments ...
**n-tv
n-tv is a German free-to-air television news channel owned by the Bertelsmann Media's RTL Group. n-tv broadcasts news and weather every hour and half-hour in the morning. It also broadcasts magazine shows and documentaries.
History
n-tv beg ...
**VOXup
** RTL Crime
**RTL Living
RTL Living is a German pay television channel operated by the RTL Group, launched on 27 November 2006. Its programming consists of television shows about trends, lifestyle, life and travel. On October 1, 2015, RTL Group announced that it was rela ...
**RTL Passion
RTL Passion (stylized as RTL PASSION) is a German pay television channel launched on 27 November 2006 and owned by RTL Group and Grundy UFA TV Produktions GmbH. Its programming is focused towards female audiences with soap operas, telenovelas a ...
**Geo Television
Geo Television Network is a television channel based in Pakistan. It was established in May 2002 and is owned by the Jang Media Group. The channel began its test transmission on 14 August 2002, with regular transmission beginning on 1 October ...
*ProSiebenSat.1 Media
ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (officially abbreviated as P7S1, formerly ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG) is a German mass media & digital company. It operates in three segments: Entertainment, Dating and Commerce & Ventures. The company is listed on the Fran ...
** Sat.1
**ProSieben
ProSieben (, ''sieben'' is German for "seven"; often stylized as Pro7) is a German free-to-air television network owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media.
It was launched on 1 January 1989. It is Germany's second-largest privately owned television company ...
** kabel eins
**sixx
Sixx is a German free-to-air television channel specialised for women. It was launched on 7 May 2010 at 8:15pm.
Programming German
*'' Abenteuer Ferne''
*''Alles außer Sex''
* ''Anna und die Liebe''
*'' Besser Essen – leben leicht gemac ...
**Sat.1 Gold
Sat.1 Gold is a German free-to-air television channel aimed at a females aged between 49 and 65. It is ProSiebenSat.1 Media's sixth channel in Germany. The channel manager is Marc Rasmus. Sat.1 Gold received a broadcast licence from the ''Kommis ...
**ProSieben Maxx
ProSieben Maxx is a German free-to-air channel owned by ProSiebenSat.1. The channel started broadcasting on 3 September 2013 with the movie '' Captain America: The First Avenger'' at 8:15 p.m. On 30 July 2013 ProSieben Maxx received a DVB-T b ...
**kabel eins Doku
kabel eins Doku is a free-to-air television channel owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media. The channel is a sister station of kabel eins and went on air on 22 September 2016. It broadcasts documentaries.
History
Programming
*''American Lawmen'' ' ...
**Sat.1 Emotions
Sat.1 emotions is a ProSiebenSat.1 Media pay-TV channel. It started broadcasting on May 3, 2012 at 8:15 pm. It replaced Sat.1 Comedy. ProSiebenSat.1 Media also operates the two pay-TV channels kabel eins classics and ProSieben Fun.
Sat.1 emotion ...
**ProSieben Fun
ProSieben Fun is a pay-TV channel from ProSiebenSat.1 Media that was launched on 3 May 2012.
The channel targets 14-39 year olds. ProSieben Fun shows repeats of ProSieben and Sat.1 shows, plus exclusive premieres (including ''Germany's Next Top ...
**kabel eins classics
kabel eins classics is a German pay-tv channel owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media. A sister channel of kabel eins it first went on air on 1 June 2006. It broadcasts 24 hours a day, mainly films and series from the 1940s to the late 1990s. On Saturda ...
*Sky Deutschland
Sky Deutschland GmbH, branded as Sky, is a German media company that operates a direct broadcast satellite Pay TV platform in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (through Sky Switzerland). It provides a collection of basic and premium digital sub ...
**Sky Atlantic
Sky Atlantic is a British pay television channel owned by Sky Group Limited broadcast in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The channel is primarily dedicated to imported programmes from the United States, and holds the domestic rights to HBO ...
**Sky Cinema
Sky Cinema is a British subscription film service owned by Sky Group (a division of Comcast). In the United Kingdom, Sky Cinema channels currently broadcast on the Sky satellite and Virgin Media cable platforms, and in addition Sky Cinema on ...
**Sky Comedy
**Sky Crime
**Sky Documentaries
**Sky Krimi
Sky Krimi is a German television channel dedicated to crime series. It mostly features original German language productions.
It started out as "Krimi & Co" on the DF1 satellite platform when it launched. DF1 had several channels dedicated to ...
**Sky Nature
**Sky One
Sky One was a British pay television channel operated and owned by Sky Group (a division of Comcast). Originally launched on 26 April 1982 as Satellite Television, it was Europe's first satellite and non-terrestrial channel. From 31 July 1989, ...
**Sky Replay
**Sky Showcase
** Sky Sport
Netherlands
*RTL Nederland
RTL Nederland is a Dutch media network, a subsidiary of the RTL Group. The media company is located in Hilversum, although the licences of its TV stations are issued in Luxembourg.
History
The history of the network dates back to 1989 when dut ...
**RTL 4
RTL 4 (Radio Télévision Luxembourg 4) is a Dutch free-to-air, free-to-cable television channel; it is the most-watched commercial station in the country, popular especially with those aged between 20 and 49. RTL 4 is a general entertainment chan ...
**RTL 5
RTL 5 is a Dutch free-to-cable television channel that was launched on 2 October 1993. It mainly broadcasts American films and hit series but also reality shows, comedy, travel, international shows and local productions including '' Expeditie Rob ...
**RTL 7
RTL 7 is a Dutch free-to-cable television channel that was launched as ''Veronica'' on 1 September 1995. RTL 7 is RTL Nederland's "men's channel" with action films, reality television about crime and professions, soccer, motorsport and talk sho ...
**RTL 8
RTL 8 is a Dutch free-to-cable television channel that was launched on 18 August 2007 replacing Tien, previously known as Talpa. RTL 8's main target audience consists of women. It broadcasts soap operas, talk shows, films and reruns of progra ...
**RTL Z
RTL Z is a Dutch free-to-cable business and financial news television channel. It displays economic changes and the stock exchange news in a banner at the bottom of the screen in the daytime. In the evenings the programming consists of documenta ...
** RTL Crime
**RTL Lounge
RTL Lounge is a Dutch pay television channel dedicated to drama and lifestyle programmes.
It is operated by RTL Nederland and launched on 2 October 2009.
Programming Domestic
* ''Goede tijden, slechte tijden'' (reruns)
Imported
* ''Baywatch ...
**RTL Telekids
RTL Telekids is a Dutch pay television kids channel owned by RTL Nederland. In addition, RTL Telekids was broadcasting as a youth block on television channel RTL 8 during daytime till 31 December 2020. Like the rest of the Dutch RTL network, RTL ...
*Talpa Network
Talpa Network is a Dutch media conglomerate created by John de Mol Jr. in 2017.
History
Talpa Network was created in 2017 by John de Mol when he merged all his various media assets, De Mol wanted to create a Dutch media conglomerate that coul ...
**Talpa TV Talpa may refer to:
Places
* Talpa, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Talpa, Teleorman, a commune in Teleorman County, Romania
* Talpa, a village in Cândeşti Commune, Botoşani County, Romania
* Talpa, a village in Bârgăuani Commun ...
***Net5
Net5 is a Dutch free-to-cable commercial TV channel and is part of Talpa TV, formerly a part of SBS Broadcasting B.V. and now owned by Talpa Network. Other channels of the group in the Netherlands are SBS6, Veronica, and SBS9. It is aimed ...
***SBS6
SBS6 is a Dutch free-to-air, free-to-cable commercial television channel, TV channel and is a part of Talpa TV, formerly known as SBS Broadcasting B.V. and now owned by Talpa Network. Other channels of the group in the Netherlands are Net5, Vero ...
*** Veronica
***SBS9
SBS9 is a Dutch commercial television channel owned by Talpa Network through Talpa TV. The channel was launched on 1 January 2015 at 12:00 CET with a movie marathon. The channel can be received via all television providers in the Netherlands. ...
** TV 538
Spain
*Atresmedia
Atresmedia Corporación de Medios de Comunicación, S.A., previously Grupo Antena 3, is a Spanish media group, present in the television, radio and filmmaking industries. Significant shareholders include Grupo Planeta and Bertelsmann.
On 6 Marc ...
** Antena 3
**La Sexta
La Sexta (; "The Sixth"; stylized as laSexta) is a Spanish free-to-air television channel. It is privately owned and was originally founded on 18 March 2001 as Beca TV that began broadcasting on 1 April 2001, that same year. By 21 July 2003, the ...
**Neox
A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas, but other mixtures of gases, or pure oxygen, are also used in breathing equipment and enclosed h ...
**Nova
A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramati ...
**Mega
Mega or MEGA may refer to:
Science
* mega-, a metric prefix denoting 106
* Mega (number), a certain very large integer in Steinhaus–Moser notation
* "mega-" a prefix meaning "large" that is used in taxonomy
* Gravity assist, for ''Moon-Eart ...
**Atreseries
Atreseries is a Spanish television channel owned by Atresmedia which was released on 22 December 2015.
Atreseries release historical TV series in Antena 3 and La Sexta, and films.
Its programming includes ''Allí abajo'', ''Aquí no hay quien ...
*Mediaset España
Mediaset España (), full name Mediaset España Comunicación, S.A., is a Spanish media company, controlled by the Italian company MFE - MediaForEurope. Its divisions include the generalist free-to-air TV channels Telecinco and Cuatro, thematic ch ...
**Telecinco
Telecinco is a Spanish free-to-air television channel operated by Mediaset España. The channel was previously known as Tele 5, because it had first begun its experimental transmissions on 10 March 1989, and a year later, it was officially launc ...
**Cuatro
Cuatro is Spanish (and other Romance languages) for the number four.
Cuatro may also refer to:
* Cuatro (instrument), name for two distinct Latin American instruments, one from Puerto Rico (see Cuatro) and the other from Venezuela (see Cuatro) ...
** FDF
**Divinity
Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.[divine ...](_blank)
**Energy
In physics, energy (from Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, ''enérgeia'', “activity”) is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat a ...
**Boing
Boing may refer to:
Places
* Boing, South Sudan, a town in Upper Nile state on the Yabus River
Arts, entertainment, and media Music
* "Boing", a song by Ween from the album ''The Pod''
* "Boing!" (song), a 2006 song by Nik & Jay
* "Boing!", ...
** Be Mad TV HD
Portugal
*SIC
The Latin adverb ''sic'' (; "thus", "just as"; in full: , "thus was it written") inserted after a quoted word or passage indicates that the quoted matter has been transcribed or translated exactly as found in the source text, complete with any e ...
**SIC
The Latin adverb ''sic'' (; "thus", "just as"; in full: , "thus was it written") inserted after a quoted word or passage indicates that the quoted matter has been transcribed or translated exactly as found in the source text, complete with any e ...
**SIC Notícias
SIC Notícias () is the cable news channel of the Portuguese television network SIC (''Sociedade Independente de Comunicação'') and the second thematic channel of the station. It is available on basic cable and satellite. It replaced CNL (''C ...
**SIC Mulher
SIC Mulher (lit. ''SIC Woman'') is a Portuguese basic cable and satellite television channel owned by Sociedade Independente de Comunicação (SIC) and launched on March 8, 2003. Its target audience are women.
Programming
*''Alas Smith and Jon ...
** SIC Radical
**SIC K
SIC K is a Portuguese television channel aimed at children aged 7–14. This channel is owned by Sociedade Independente de Comunicação (SIC), it was launched on 18 December 2009 on the MEO platform. The channel previously had an exclusivity c ...
**SIC Caras
SIC Caras is a Portuguese digital cable and satellite television channel owned by SIC. It features talk-shows, biographies and documentaries programming related to celebrities and royalty, reflecting ''Caras'' magazine content. ''Passadeira Verme ...
**SIC Internacional
SIC Internacional is SIC's international channel, which officially launched in September 1997 in France and has since expanded throughout the world. SIC Internacional is aimed at Portuguese viewers who live abroad and features programming from SIC ...
* TVI
** TVI
**TVI Ficção
TVI Ficção is a Portuguese basic fiber and satellite television channel owned by TVI. The channel broadcasts TVI originals, including telenovelas, sitcoms and series. It formerly also broadcast a celebrity show (''Câmara Exclusiva'').
As of ...
** TVI Reality
**CNN Portugal
CNN Portugal is a Portuguese basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by Media Capital, launched on 26 February 2009 as TVI 24, the 24-hour news channel of the terrestrial network Televisão Independente. The network's name was c ...
**TVI África
TVI África is a Portuguese television station owned and operated by Televisão Independente
TVI - initialism for Televisão Independente ("Independent Television") - is Portugal's fourth terrestrial television channel, launched in 1993. It ...
**TVI Internacional
TVI Internacional is the international television service of TVI. It is available in Europe, Africa, North America and Oceania. Programming is taken from the main channel as well as TVI 24 and original programming. As a leading channel producing ...
Poland
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
See also
*Broadcast clock
A broadcast clock or format clock is a template that displays a radio or television's hourly format in a graphical representation of a clock. Broadcast programming, especially radio, often follows an hourly pattern where certain segments such as n ...
*Broadcast network
A terrestrial network (or broadcast network in the United States) is a group of radio stations, television stations, or other electronic media outlets, that form an agreement to air, or broadcast, content from a centralized source. For example, ...
*Citizen media
Citizen media is content produced by private citizens who are not professional journalists. Citizen journalism, participatory media and democratic media are related principles.
Background
"Citizen media" was coined by Clemencia Rodriguez, who ...
*Digital broadcasting
Digital broadcasting is the practice of using digital signals rather than analogue signals for broadcasting over radio frequency bands. Digital television broadcasting (especially satellite television) is widespread. Digital audio broadcasting is ...
*Leonard Plugge
Captain Leonard Frank Plugge (21 September 1889 – 19 February 1981) was a British radio entrepreneur and Conservative Party politician.
Early years and political life
Plugge was born at Walworth, only son of Frank Plugge (1864–1946), a com ...
References
External links
*Video
CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE AS OF 29 APRIL 2011 --
Video
audio
interview with Ray Fitzwalter on commercial TV in Britain, ''The rise and fall of ITV'', Frontline Club
The Frontline Club is a media club and registered charity located near Paddington Station in London. With a strong emphasis on conflict reporting, it aims to champion independent journalism, provide an effective platform from which to support div ...
, London, May 2008.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Commercial Broadcasting
Broadcasting