The oxide mineral class includes those
mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2 ...
s in which the
oxide
An oxide () is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion of oxygen, an O2– (molecular) ion. with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the E ...
anion
An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conve ...
(O
2−) is bonded to one or more
metal
A metal (from ancient Greek, Greek μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electrical resistivity and conductivity, e ...
alloys. The
hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. ...
-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. The minerals with complex anion groups such as the
silicates
In chemistry, a silicate is any member of a family of polyatomic anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula , where . The family includes orthosilicate (), metasilicate (), and pyrosilicate (, ). The name ...
,
sulfates,
carbonates and
phosphates are classed separately.
Simple oxides:
*XO
**Periclase group
***
Periclase
***
Manganosite
**Zincite group
***
Zincite
***
Bromellite
***
Tenorite
Tenorite is a copper oxide mineral with the chemical formula CuO.
Occurrence
Tenorite occurs in the weathered or oxidized zone associated with deeper primary copper sulfide orebodies. Tenorite commonly occurs with chrysocolla and the copper ...
***
Litharge
Litharge (from Greek lithargyros, lithos (stone) + argyros (silver) ''λιθάργυρος'') is one of the natural mineral forms of lead(II) oxide, PbO. Litharge is a secondary mineral which forms from the oxidation of galena ores. It forms as co ...
*
**
Cuprite
Cuprite is an oxide mineral composed of copper(I) oxide Cu2O, and is a minor ore of copper.
Its dark crystals with red internal reflections are in the isometric system hexoctahedral class, appearing as cubic, octahedral, or dodecahedral forms, o ...
**
Ice
*
**Hematite group
***
Corundum
Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide () typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the pr ...
***
Hematite
Hematite (), also spelled as haematite, is a common iron oxide compound with the formula, Fe2O3 and is widely found in rocks and soils. Hematite crystals belong to the rhombohedral lattice system which is designated the alpha polymorph of . ...
***
Ilmenite
Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula . It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printing ...
*
**Rutile group
***
Rutile
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.
Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visib ...
***
Pyrolusite
Pyrolusite is a mineral consisting essentially of manganese dioxide ( Mn O2) and is important as an ore of manganese.. It is a black, amorphous appearing mineral, often with a granular, fibrous, or columnar structure, sometimes forming reniform ...
***
Cassiterite
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO2. It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals. Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite was the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains ...
**
Baddeleyite
Baddeleyite is a rare zirconium oxide mineral (ZrO2 or zirconia), occurring in a variety of monoclinic prismatic crystal forms. It is transparent to translucent, has high indices of refraction, and ranges from colorless to yellow, green, and da ...
**
Uraninite
Uraninite, formerly pitchblende, is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore with a chemical composition that is largely UO2 but because of oxidation typically contains variable proportions of U3O8. Radioactive decay of the uranium causes ...
**
Thorianite
Thorianite is a rare thorium oxide mineral, ThO2. It was originally described by Ananda Coomaraswamy in 1904 as uraninite, but recognized as a new species by Wyndham R. Dunstan. It was so named by Dunstan on account of its high percentage of th ...
*
**Spinel group
***
Spinel
Spinel () is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals. It has the formula in the cubic crystal system. Its name comes from the Latin word , which means ''spine'' in reference to its pointed crystals.
Properties
S ...
***
Gahnite
Gahnite, ZnAl2O4, is a rare mineral belonging to the spinel group. It forms octahedral crystals which may be green, blue, yellow, brown or grey. It often forms as an alteration product of sphalerite in altered massive sulphide deposits such as at ...
***
Magnetite
Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+2O4. It is one of the oxides of iron, and is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a permanent magnet itself. With ...
***
Franklinite
Franklinite is an oxide mineral belonging to the normal spinel subgroup's iron (Fe) series, with the formula ZnFe3+2O4.
As with another spinel member magnetite, both ferrous (2+) and ferric (3+) iron may be present in Franklinite samples. Diva ...
***
Chromite
Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. The element magnesium can ...
**
Chrysoberyl
**
Columbite
Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate [], is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic Lustre (mineralogy), luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. This mineral group w ...
*Hydroxide subgroup:
**
Brucite
Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg( OH)2. It is a common alteration product of periclase in marble; a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral in metamorphosed limestones and chlorite schists ...
**
Manganite
**
Romanèchite
Romanèchite () is the primary constituent of psilomelane, which is a mixture of minerals. Most psilomelane is not pure romanechite, so it is incorrect to consider them synonyms. Romanèchite is a valuable ore of manganese, which is used in stee ...
**Goethite group:
***
Diaspore
Diaspore , also known as diasporite, empholite, kayserite, or tanatarite, is an aluminium oxide hydroxide mineral, α-AlO(OH), crystallizing in the orthorhombic system and isomorphous with goethite. It occurs sometimes as flattened crystals, but ...
***
Goethite
Nickel–Strunz Classification -04- Oxides
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the
Classification of Nickel–Strunz (
mindat.org
Mindat.org is a non-commercial online database, claiming to be the largest mineral database and mineralogical reference website on the Internet. It is used by professional mineralogists, geologists, and amateur mineral collectors alike.
The ...
, 10 ed, pending publication).
*Abbreviations:
**"*" - discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
**"?" - questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
**"REE" -
Rare-earth element
The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or (in context) rare-earth oxides or sometimes the lanthanides ( yttrium and scandium are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly-indistinguishable lustrous silv ...
(Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
**"PGE" -
Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
**03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V
,6/sup> Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
***Neso: insular (from Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
νησος nēsos, island)
***Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
***Cyclo: ring
***Ino: chain (from Greek ις enitive: ινος ''inos'' fibre)
***Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον ''phyllon'', leaf)
***Tekto: three-dimensional framework
*Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
**NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
**X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
**Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
**##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
Class: oxides
* 04.A Metal:Oxygen = 2.1 and 1:1
** 04.AA Cation:Anion (M:O) = 2:1 (and 1.8:1): 05 Ice, 10 Cuprite
Cuprite is an oxide mineral composed of copper(I) oxide Cu2O, and is a minor ore of copper.
Its dark crystals with red internal reflections are in the isometric system hexoctahedral class, appearing as cubic, octahedral, or dodecahedral forms, o ...
, 15 Paramelaconite
** 04.AB M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only: 05 Crednerite, 10 Tenorite
Tenorite is a copper oxide mineral with the chemical formula CuO.
Occurrence
Tenorite occurs in the weathered or oxidized zone associated with deeper primary copper sulfide orebodies. Tenorite commonly occurs with chrysocolla and the copper ...
; 15 Delafossite, 15 Mcconnellite; 20 Bromellite, 20 Zincite; 25 Lime, 25 Bunsenite, 25 Monteponite, 25 Manganosite, 25 Periclase, 25 Wustite
** 04.AC M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (± smaller ones): 05 Swedenborgite; 10 Brownmillerite, 10 Srebrodolskite; 15 Montroydite
Montroydite is the mineral form of mercury(II) oxide with formula HgO. It is a rare mercury mineral. It was first described for an occurrence in the mercury deposit at Terlingua, Texas and named for Montroyd Sharp who was an owner of the deposit. ...
, 20 Litharge
Litharge (from Greek lithargyros, lithos (stone) + argyros (silver) ''λιθάργυρος'') is one of the natural mineral forms of lead(II) oxide, PbO. Litharge is a secondary mineral which forms from the oxidation of galena ores. It forms as co ...
, 20 Romarchite, 25 Massicot
Massicot is lead (II) oxide mineral with an orthorhombic lattice structure.
Lead(II) oxide (formula: PbO) can occur in one of two lattice formats, orthorhombic and tetragonal. The tetragonal form is called litharge. PbO can be changed from mas ...
* 04.B Metal:Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
** 04.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrysoberyl, 10 Manganostibite
** 04.BB With only medium-sized cations: 05 Filipstadite, 05 Donathite?, 05 Gahnite
Gahnite, ZnAl2O4, is a rare mineral belonging to the spinel group. It forms octahedral crystals which may be green, blue, yellow, brown or grey. It often forms as an alteration product of sphalerite in altered massive sulphide deposits such as at ...
, 05 Galaxite, 05 Hercynite, 05 Spinel
Spinel () is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals. It has the formula in the cubic crystal system. Its name comes from the Latin word , which means ''spine'' in reference to its pointed crystals.
Properties
S ...
, 05 Cochromite, 05 Chromite
Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. The element magnesium can ...
, 05 Magnesiochromite
Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. The element magnesium can su ...
, 05 Manganochromite, 05 Nichromite, 05 Zincochromite
Zincochromite is a zinc chromium oxide mineral with the formula ZnCr2O4. It is the zinc analogue of chromite, hence the name. It was first described in 1987 as an occurrence in a uranium deposit near Lake Onega, Russia. It has also been reported ...
, 05 Magnetite
Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+2O4. It is one of the oxides of iron, and is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a permanent magnet itself. With ...
, 05 Cuprospinel
Cuprospinel is a mineral. Cuprospinel is an inverse spinel with the chemical formula CuFe2O4, where copper substitutes some of the iron cations in the structure.
Its structure is similar to that of magnetite, Fe3O4, yet with slightly differen ...
, 05 Franklinite
Franklinite is an oxide mineral belonging to the normal spinel subgroup's iron (Fe) series, with the formula ZnFe3+2O4.
As with another spinel member magnetite, both ferrous (2+) and ferric (3+) iron may be present in Franklinite samples. Diva ...
, 05 Jacobsite, 05 Magnesioferrite
Magnesioferrite is a magnesium iron oxide mineral, a member of the magnetite series of spinels.
Magnesioferrite crystallizes as black metallic octahedral crystals. It is named after its chemical composition of magnesium and ferric iron.
The densit ...
, 05 Trevorite, 05 Brunogeierite, 05 Coulsonite, 05 Magnesiocoulsonite, 05 Qandilite, 05 Ulvospinel, 05 Vuorelainenite; 10 Hydrohetaerolite, 10 Hausmannite, 10 Iwakiite, 10 Hetaerolite; 15 Maghemite, 20 Tegengrenite, 25 Xieite
Xieite is an iron chromium oxide mineral with formula Fe2+Cr2O4. It is a member of the spinel group and a high pressure polymorph of chromite.
It was discovered in samples taken from the Suizhou meteorite which fell in 1986 in the Zengdu Distri ...
** 04.BC With medium-sized and large cations: 05 Marokite, 10 Dmitryivanovite
** 04.BD With only large cations: 05 Minium
''Minium'' is a genus of thalloid alga
Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. I ...
* 04.C Metal:Oxygen = 2:3, 3:5, and Similar
** 04.CB With medium-sized cations: 05 Tistarite, 05 Auroantimonate*, 05 Brizziite-VII, 05 Brizziite-III, 05 Corundum
Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide () typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the pr ...
, 05 Eskolaite, 05 Hematite
Hematite (), also spelled as haematite, is a common iron oxide compound with the formula, Fe2O3 and is widely found in rocks and soils. Hematite crystals belong to the rhombohedral lattice system which is designated the alpha polymorph of . ...
, 05 Karelianite Karelianite is an rare mineral, a natural form of vanadium(III) oxide, V2O3. In terms of chemistry it is vanadium-analogue of hematite, corundum, eskolaite, tistarite, bixbyite, avicennite, and yttriaite-(Y). The name comes from Karelia
Kar ...
, 05 Geikielite
Geikielite is a magnesium titanium oxide mineral with formula: MgTiO3. It is a member of the ilmenite group. It crystallizes in the trigonal system forming typically opaque, black to reddish black crystals.
It was first described in 1892 for an ...
, 05 Ecandrewsite, 05 Ilmenite
Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula . It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printing ...
, 05 Pyrophanite
Pyrophanite is a manganese titanium oxide mineral with formula: MnTiO3. It is a member of the ilmenite group. It is a deep red to greenish black mineral which crystallizes in the trigonal system.
Discovery and occurrence
It was first described ...
, 05 Melanostibite, 05 Romanite*; 10 Bixbyite
Bixbyite is a manganese iron oxide mineral with chemical formula: (Mn,Fe)2O3. The iron/manganese ratio is quite variable and many specimens have almost no iron. It is a metallic dark black with a Mohs hardness of 6.0 - 6.5. It is a somewhat ra ...
, 10 Avicennite; 15 Armalcolite
Armalcolite () is a titanium-rich mineral with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5. It was first found at Tranquility Base on the Moon in 1969 during the Apollo 11 mission, and is named for ''Arm''strong, ''Al''drin and ''Col''lins, the three ...
, 15 Mongshanite*, 15 Pseudobrookite
Pseudobrookite is an iron titanium oxide mineral with formula: Fe2TiO5 or (Fe3+,Fe2+)2(2+)O5.
Discovery and occurrence
Pseudobrookite was first described in 1878 for an occurrence in Uroi Hill (Arany Hill), Simeria, Hunedoara County, Romania. The ...
; 20 Magnesiohogbomite-6N6S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N3S, 20 Magnesiohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Zincohogbomite-2N2S, 20 Ferrohogbomite-2N2S; 25 Pseudorutile, 25 Ilmenorutile; 30 Oxyvanite, 30 Berdesinskiite; 35 Olkhonskite, 35 Schreyerite; 40 Kamiokite, 40 Nolanite, 40 Rinmanite; 45 Stibioclaudetite, 45 Claudetite; 50 Arsenolite, 50 Senarmontite; 55 Valentinite
Valentinite is an antimony oxide mineral with formula Sb2 O3. Valentinite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and typically forms as radiating clusters of euhedral crystals or as fibrous masses. It is colorless to white with occasional shad ...
, 60 Bismite, 65 Sphaerobismoite, 70 Sillenite, 75 Kyzylkumite
** 04.CC With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Chrombismite, 10 Freudenbergite, 15 Grossite, 20 Mayenite, 25 Yafsoanite; 30 Barioperovskite, 30 Lakargiite, 30 Natroniobite, 30 Latrappite, 30 Lueshite, 30 Perovskite
Perovskite (pronunciation: ) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula ). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as (XIIA2+VIB4+X2−3), known a ...
; 35 Macedonite, 35 Isolueshite, 35 Loparite-(Ce), 35 Tausonite; 40 Crichtonite, 40 Dessauite, 40 Davidite-(Ce), 40 Davidite-(La), 40 Mathiasite, 40 Lindsleyite, 40 Landauite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Loveringite, 40 Cleusonite, 40 Gramaccioliite-(Y); 45 Hawthorneite, 45 Magnetoplumbite, 45 Haggertyite, 45 Batiferrite, 45 Hibonite
Hibonite is a mineral with the chemical formula , occurring in various colours, with a hardness of 7.5–8.0 and a hexagonal crystal structure. It is rare, but is found in high-grade metamorphic rocks on Madagascar. Some presolar grains in primiti ...
, 45 Nezilovite, 45 Yimengite, 45 Diaoyudaoite, 45 Lindqvistite, 45 Plumboferrite; 50 Jeppeite, 55 Zenzenite, 60 Mengxianminite*
* 04.D Metal:Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
** 04.DA With small cations
*** (moved to -09- Subclass: tektosilicates)
** 04.DB With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Tripuhyite, 05 Tugarinovite
Tugarinovite is a rare molybdenum oxide mineral with formula MoO2.
It occurs as a primary mineral phase associated with metasomatism in a sulfur deficient reducing environment. In the type locality it occurs with uraninite, molybdenite, galena, ...
, 05 Varlamoffite*, 05 Argutite, 05 Cassiterite
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO2. It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals. Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite was the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains ...
, 05 Rutile
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.
Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visib ...
, 05 Pyrolusite
Pyrolusite is a mineral consisting essentially of manganese dioxide ( Mn O2) and is important as an ore of manganese.. It is a black, amorphous appearing mineral, often with a granular, fibrous, or columnar structure, sometimes forming reniform ...
, 05 Plattnerite, 05 Squawcreekite?; 10 Bystromite, 10 Ordonezite, 10 Tapiolite-(Fe), 10 Tapiolite-(Mn), 10 Tapiolite*, 15a Paramontroseite, 15a Ramsdellite, 15b Akhtenskite, 15c Nsutite
Nsutite is a manganese oxide mineral with formula: ( Mn4+1−xMn2+x O2-2x(O H)2x where x = 0.06-0.07).http://www.webmineral.com/data/Nsutite.shtml Webmineral data It is found in most large manganese deposits and was first discovered in Nsuta, Ghan ...
; 20 Scrutinyite
Scrutinyite is a rare oxide mineral and is the alpha crystalline form of lead dioxide (α-PbO2), plattnerite being the other, beta form. The mineral was first reported in 1988 and its name reflects the scrutiny and efforts required to identify it ...
; 25 Ixiolite, 25 Ishikawaite, 25 Srilankite, 25 Samarskite-(Y), 25 Samarskite-(Yb), 25 Yttrocolumbite-(Y); 30 Heftetjernite, 30 Wolframoixiolite*, 30 Krasnoselskite*, 30 Ferberite, 30 Hubnerite, 30 Sanmartinite, 30 Wolframite*; 35 Tantalite
The mineral group tantalite Fe,_manganese.html"_;"title="iron.html"_;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese">Mn)Tantalum">Ta2oxygen.html" ;"title="manganese">Mn)Tantalum.html" ;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese.html" ;"title="iron.html" ;"title="iron">Fe, mang ...
-(Mg), 35 Tantalite-(Fe), 35 Tantalite-(Mn), 35 Columbite
Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate [], is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic Lustre (mineralogy), luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. This mineral group w ...
-(Mg), 35 Columbite-(Fe), 35 Columbite-(Mn), 35 Qitianlingite; 40 Ferrowodginite, 40 Lithiotantite, 40 Lithiowodginite, 40 Tantalowodginite*, 40 Titanowodginite, 40 Wodginite, 40 Ferrotitanowodginite; 45 Tivanite, 50 Carmichaelite, 55 Alumotantite, 60 Biehlite
** 04.DC With medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bahianite, 10 Simpsonite
Simpsonite has a general formula of . It occurs as euhedral to subhedral tabular to short and prismatic crystals, commonly in subparallel groups. Under the petrographic microscope it has a very high relief.
Discovered in 1938, it was named af ...
** 04.DD With medium-sized cations; frameworks of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Anatase
Anatase is a metastable mineral form of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a tetragonal crystal structure. Although colorless or white when pure, anatase in nature is usually a black solid due to impurities. Three other polymorphs (or mineral form ...
, 10 Brookite
** 04.DE With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra: 05 Downeyite, 10 Koragoite; 15 Koechlinite, 15 Russellite, 15 Tungstibite; 20 Tellurite
The tellurite ion is . A tellurite (compound), for example sodium tellurite, is a compound that contains this ion. They are typically colorless or white salts, which in some ways are comparable to sulfite. A mineral with the formula TeO2 is c ...
, 25 Paratellurite; 30 Cervantite
Cervantite is an antimony oxide mineral with formula Sb3+Sb5+O4 (antimony tetroxide).
It was first described in 1850 for an occurrence in Cervantes, Sierra de Ancares, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, and named for the locality. The mineral was questione ...
, 30 Bismutotantalite, 30 Bismutocolumbite, 30 Clinocervantite, 30 Stibiocolumbite, 30 Stibiotantalite
Stibiotantalite is a mineral consisting of (antimony, tantalum or niobium, and oxygen). It is found in complex granite pegmatites.
If the quantity of niobium exceeds the tantalum content, the mineral is called stibiocolumbite.
It is trans ...
; 35 IMA2007-058, 35 Baddeleyite
Baddeleyite is a rare zirconium oxide mineral (ZrO2 or zirconia), occurring in a variety of monoclinic prismatic crystal forms. It is transparent to translucent, has high indices of refraction, and ranges from colorless to yellow, green, and da ...
** 04.DF With large (± medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Y), 05 Aeschynite-(Ce), 05 Aeschynite-(Nd), 05 Aeschynite-(Y), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Ce), 05 Nioboaeschynite-(Nd), 05 Tantalaeschynite-(Y), 05 Rynersonite, 05 Vigezzite, 10 Changbaiite, 15 Murataite
** 04.DG With large (± medium-sized) cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Euxenite-(Y), 05 Loranskite-(Y), 05 Polycrase-(Y), 05 Uranopolycrase, 05 Fersmite, 05 Kobeite-(Y), 05 Tanteuxenite-(Y), 05 Yttrocrasite-(Y); 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Nd), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Y), 10 Fergusonite-beta-(Ce), 10 Yttrotantalite-(Y); 15 Foordite, 15 Thoreaulite; 20 Raspite
** 04.DH With large (± medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra:
*** IMA/CNMNC revised the Pyrochlore supergroup 2010 (04.DH.15 and 04.DH.20)
*** 05 Brannerite, 05 Orthobrannerite, 05 Thorutite; 10 Kassite
The Kassites () were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology).
They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babyl ...
, 10 Lucasite-(Ce)
*** Pyrochlore group: Fluorcalciopyrochlore, Fluorkenopyrochlore, Fluornatropyrochlore, Fluorstrontiopyrochlore, Hydropyrochlore, Hydroxycalciopyrochlore, Kenoplumbopyrochlore, Oxycalciopyrochlore, Oxynatropyrochlore, Oxyplumbopyrochlore, Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)
*** Microlite
Microlite was once known as a pale-yellow, reddish-brown, or black isometric mineral composed of sodium calcium tantalum oxide with a small amount of fluorine. Its chemical formula is. Today it is a name of a group of oxide minerals of a similar ...
group: Fluorcalciomicrolite, Fluornatromicrolite, Hydrokenomicrolite, Hydromicrolite, Hydroxykenomicrolite, Kenoplumbomicrolite, Oxycalciomicrolite, Oxystannomicrolite, Oxystibiomicrolite
*** Romeite group: Cuproromeite, Fluorcalcioromeite, Fluornatroromeite, Hydroxycalcioromeite, Oxycalcioromeite, Oxyplumboromeite, Stibiconite
Stibiconite is an antimony oxide mineral with formula: Sb3O6(OH). Its name originates from Greek "stibi" (antimony) and "konis" (powder), alluding to its composition and habit. It is a member of the pyrochlore super group.
Discovery and occurr ...
*** Betafite group: Calciobetafite, Oxyuranobetafite
*** Elsmoreite group: Hydrokenoelsmoreite
*** 25 Rosiaite; 30 Zirconolite-3O, 30 Zirconolite-3T, 30 Zirconolite-2M, 30 Zirconolite
Zirconolite is a mineral, calcium zirconium titanate; formula CaZrTi2O7. Some examples of the mineral may also contain thorium, uranium, cerium, niobium and iron; the presence of thorium or uranium would make the mineral radioactive
Radio ...
; 35 Liandratite, 35 Petscheckite; 40 Ingersonite, 45 Pittongite
*** Discredited minerals 04.DH.15: Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Betafite (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Ceriopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Jixianite, Natrobistantite, Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Plumbobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977), Stibiobetafite (of Černý et al.), Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977), Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977), Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.) and Bismutostibiconite 04.DH.20
** 04.DJ With large (± medium-sized) cations; polyhedral frameworks: 05 Calciotantite, 05 Irtyshite, 05 Natrotantite
** 04.DK With large (± medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures: 05 Ankangite, 05 Coronadite
Coronadite is a black monoclinic mineral containing a ternary oxide of lead and manganese in two oxidation states. The mineral was named after Francisco Vasquez de Coronado who was an explorer of southwest USA. The name was made up by Waldemar ...
, 05 Hollandite, 05 Manjiroite, 05 Mannardite, 05 Redledgeite, 05 Priderite, 05 Henrymeyerite, 05 Akaganeite
Akaganeite, also written as the deprecated Akaganéite,Ernst A.J. Burke (2008):Tidying up Mineral Names: an IMA-CNMNC Scheme for Suffixes, Hyphens and Diacritical marks. ''Mineralogical Record'', volume 39, issue 2. is a chloride-containing ir ...
, 10 Cryptomelane, 10 Romanechite, 10 Strontiomelane, 10 Todorokite
** 04.DL With large (± medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures: 05 Cerianite-(Ce)
Cerianite-(Ce) is a relatively rare oxide mineral, belonging to uraninite group with the formula . It is one of a few currently known minerals containing essential tetravalent cerium, the other examples being stetindite and dyrnaesite-(La).
O ...
, 05 Zirkelite, 05 Thorianite
Thorianite is a rare thorium oxide mineral, ThO2. It was originally described by Ananda Coomaraswamy in 1904 as uraninite, but recognized as a new species by Wyndham R. Dunstan. It was so named by Dunstan on account of its high percentage of th ...
, 05 Uraninite
Uraninite, formerly pitchblende, is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore with a chemical composition that is largely UO2 but because of oxidation typically contains variable proportions of U3O8. Radioactive decay of the uranium causes ...
; 10 Calzirtite, 10 Hiarneite, 10 Tazheranite
** 04.DM With large (± medium-sized) cations; unclassified: 05 Sosedkoite, 05 Rankamaite; 15 Cesplumtantite, 20 Eyselite, 25 Kuranakhite
* 04.E Metal:Oxygen = < 1:2
** 04.E: IMA2008-040
** 04.EA Oxides with metal : oxygen < 1:2 (M2O5, MO3): 05 Tantite
Tantite is a rare tantalum oxide mineral with formula: Ta2 O5. Tantite forms transparent microscopic colorless triclinic - pedial crystals with an adamantine luster. It has a Mohs hardness of 7 and a high specific gravity of 8.45. Chemical analyse ...
, 10 Krasnogorite*, 10 Molybdite
*04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides
**04.XX Unknown: 00 Allendeite
Allendeite, Sc4Zr3O12, is an oxide mineral. Allendeite was discovered in a small ultrarefractory inclusion within the Allende meteorite. This inclusion has been named ACM-1. It is one of several scandium rich minerals that have been found in mete ...
, 00 Ashanite?, 00 Hongquiite*, 00 Psilomelane
Psilomelane is a group name for hard black manganese oxides including hollandite and romanechite. Psilomelane consists of hydrous manganese oxide with variable amounts of barium and potassium. Psilomelane is erroneously, and uncommonly, known ...
?, 00 Uhligite?, 00 Clinobirnessite*, 00 Kleberite*, 00 Chubutite*, 00 Struverite?, 00 IMA2000-016, 00 IMA2000-026
Class: hydroxides
* 04.F Hydroxides (without V or U)
** 04.FA Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing tetrahedra: 05a Behoite, 05b Clinobehoite; 10 Sweetite, 10 Wulfingite, 10 Ashoverite
** 04.FB Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; insular octahedra: 05 Shakhovite; 10 Cualstibite, 10 Zincalstibite
** 04.FC Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Dzhalindite
Dzhalindite is a rare indium hydroxide mineral discovered in Siberia. Its chemical formula is In(OH)3.
It was first described in 1963 for an occurrence in the Dzhalinda tin deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region ...
, 05 Sohngeite, 05 Bernalite; 10 Burtite, 10 Mushistonite, 10 Natanite, 10 Vismirnovite, 10 Schoenfliesite, 10 Wickmanite; 15 Jeanbandyite, 15 Mopungite, 15 Stottite; 15 Tetrawickmanite; 20 Ferronigerite-6N6S, 20 Ferronigerite-2N1S, 20 Magnesionigerite-6N6S, 20 Magnesionigerite-2N1S; 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-6N3S, 25 Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S, 25 Ferrotaaffeite-6N3S
** 04.FD Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Spertiniite; 10 Bracewellite, 10 Diaspore
Diaspore , also known as diasporite, empholite, kayserite, or tanatarite, is an aluminium oxide hydroxide mineral, α-AlO(OH), crystallizing in the orthorhombic system and isomorphous with goethite. It occurs sometimes as flattened crystals, but ...
, 10 Guyanaite, 10 Groutite, 10 Goethite, 10 Montroseite, 10 Tsumgallite; 15 Manganitev; 20 Cerotungstite-(Ce), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Y), 20 Yttrotungstite-(Ce); 25 Frankhawthorneite; 30 Khinite, 30 Parakhinite
** 04.FE Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Amakinite, 05 Brucite
Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg( OH)2. It is a common alteration product of periclase in marble; a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral in metamorphosed limestones and chlorite schists ...
, 05 Portlandite
Portlandite is a hydroxide-bearing mineral typically included in the oxide mineral class. It is the naturally occurring form of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and the calcium analogue of brucite (Mg(OH)2).
Occurrence
Portlandite occurs in a variety ...
, 05 Pyrochroite, 05 Theophrastite
Nickel(II) hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ni(OH)2. It is an apple-green solid that dissolves with decomposition in ammonia and amines and is attacked by acids. It is electroactive, being converted to the Ni(III) oxy-hydroxi ...
, 05 Fougerite; 10 Bayerite, 10 Doyleite, 10 Gibbsite
Gibbsite, Al(OH)3, is one of the mineral forms of aluminium hydroxide. It is often designated as γ-Al(OH)3 (but sometimes as α-Al(OH)3.). It is also sometimes called hydrargillite (or hydrargyllite).
Gibbsite is an important ore of aluminiu ...
, 10 Nordstrandite; 15 Boehmite
Boehmite or böhmite is an aluminium oxide hydroxide (γ-AlO(OH)) mineral, a component of the aluminium ore bauxite. It is dimorphous with diaspore. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic dipyramidal system and is typically massive in habit. It is ...
, 15 Lepidocrocite
Lepidocrocite (γ-FeO(OH)), also called esmeraldite or hydrohematite, is an iron oxide-hydroxide mineral. Lepidocrocite has an orthorhombic crystal structure, a hardness of 5, specific gravity of 4, a submetallic luster and a yellow-brown ...
; 20 Grimaldiite, 20 Heterogenite-2H, 20 Heterogenite-3R; 25 Feitknechtite, 25 Lithiophorite; 30 Quenselite, 35 Ferrihydrite
Ferrihydrite (Fh) is a widespread hydrous ferric oxyhydroxide mineral at the Earth's surface, and a likely constituent in extraterrestrial materials. It forms in several types of environments, from freshwater to marine systems, aquifers to hy ...
; 40 Feroxyhyte
Feroxyhyte is an oxide/hydroxide of iron, δ-Fe3+O(OH). Feroxyhyte crystallizes in the hexagonal system. It forms as brown rounded to concretionary masses. Feroxyhyte is opaque, magnetic, has a yellow streak, and has a relative density of 4.2.
...
, 40 Vernadite; 45 Quetzalcoatlite
** 04.FF Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; various polyhedra: 05 Hydroromarchite
** 04.FG Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; unclassified: 05 Janggunite, 10 Cesarolite, 15 Kimrobinsonite
** 04.FH Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); insular octahedra: 05 Bottinoite, 05 Brandholzite
** 04.FJ Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); corner-sharing octahedra: 05 Sidwillite, 05 Meymacite; 10 Tungstite; 15 Ilsemannite, 15 Hydrotungstite; 20 Parabariomicrolite
** 04.FK Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); chains of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Bamfordite
** 04.FL Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra: 05 Meixnerite, 05 Jamborite, 05 Iowaite, 05 Woodallite, 05 Akdalaite, 05 Muskoxite; 10 Hydrocalumite, 15 Kuzelite; 20 Aurorite, 20 Chalcophanite, 20 Ernienickelite, 20 Jianshuiite; 25 Woodruffite, 30 Asbolane
Asbolane is a manganese (IV) oxy-hydroxide mineral containing also cobalt, nickel, magnesium, and calcium ions. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system. Its chemical formula is .
Naming
It is named after the Greek
Greek may refer to ...
; 40 Takanelite, 40 Rancieite; 45 Birnessite, 55 Cianciulliite, 60 Jensenite, 65 Leisingite, 75 Cafetite, 80 Mourite, 85 Deloryite
** 04.FM Hydroxides with H2O ± (OH); Unclassified: 15 Franconite, 15 Hochelagaite, 15 Ternovite; 25 Belyankinite, 25 Gerasimovskite, 25 Manganbelyankinite; 30 Silhydrite, 35 Cuzticite, 40 Cyanophyllite
** 04.FN: 05 Menezesite
* 04.G Uranyl Hydroxides
** 04.GA Without additional cations: IMA2008-022; 05 Metaschoepite, 05 Paraschoepite, 05 Schoepite; 10 Ianthinite; 15 Metastudtite, 15 Studtite
** 04.GB With additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb, etc.); with mainly UO2(O,OH)5 pentagonal polyhedra: 05 Compreignacite, 05 Agrinierite, 05 Rameauite; 10 Billietite, 10 Becquerelite, 10 Protasite; 15 Richetite; 20 Calciouranoite, 20 Bauranoite, 20 Metacalciouranoite; 25 Fourmarierite, 30 Wolsendorfite, 35 Masuyite; 40 Metavandendriesscheite, 40 Vandendriesscheite; 45 Vandenbrandeite
Vandenbrandeite is a mineral named after a belgian geologist, Pierre Van den Brande, who discovered an ore deposit. It was named in 1932, and has been a valid mineral ever since then.
Properties
Vandenbrandeite grows in microcrystals, up to ha ...
, 50 Sayrite, 55 Curite, 60 Iriginite, 65 Uranosphaerite, 70 Holfertite
** 04.GC With additional cations; with UO2(O,OH)6 hexagonal polyhedra: 05 Clarkeite
Clarkeite is a uranium oxide mineral with the chemical formula or .
Its color varies from dark brown to reddish orange. Clarkeite forms by oxidation and replacement of uraninite late during pegmatite crystallization. Although uraninite-bearing ...
, 10 Umohoite, 15 Spriggite
* 04.H V ,6/sup> Vanadates
** (moved to -08- Class: vanadates)
* 04.I Ice group
*04.X Unclassified Strunz Oxides (Hydroxides)
**04.XX Unknown: 00 Ungursaite*, 00 Scheteligite?
References
*Palache, Charles, Harry Berman and Clifford Frondel, 1944, ''The System of Mineralogy,'' Wiley, 7th ed. Vol. 1, p. 490 ff.
*Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., 1985, ''Manual of Mineralogy'', Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 295–318
Webmineral Dana Oxides
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