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reactions Reaction may refer to a process or to a response to an action, event, or exposure: Physics and chemistry *Chemical reaction *Nuclear reaction *Reaction (physics), as defined by Newton's third law *Chain reaction (disambiguation). Biology and me ...

and

reagent In chemistry, a reagent ( ) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. The terms ''reactant'' and ''reagent'' are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a ...

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organic chemistry Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, J.; ...

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* 1,2-Wittig rearrangement * 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition *

2,3-Wittig rearrangement The ,3Wittig rearrangement is the transformation of an allylic ether into a homoallylic Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol via a concerted, pericyclic reaction, pericyclic process. Because the reaction is concerted, it exhibits a high degree of ster ...

A

* Abramovitch–Shapiro tryptamine synthesis *

Acetalisation In organic chemistry, an acetal is a functional group with the connectivity . Here, the R groups can be organic fragments (a carbon atom, with arbitrary other atoms attached to that) or hydrogen, while the R' groups must be organic fragments no ...

* Acetoacetic ester condensation *

Achmatowicz reaction The Achmatowicz reaction, also known as the Achmatowicz rearrangement, is an organic synthesis in which a furan is converted to a dihydropyran. In the original publication by the Polish Chemist Osman Achmatowicz Jr. (b. 20 December 1931 in Vilniu ...

Acylation In chemistry, acylation (or alkanoylation) is the chemical reaction in which an acyl group () is added to a compound. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent. Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with ...

Acyloin condensation Acyloin condensation is a reductive coupling of two carboxylic esters using metallic sodium to yield an α-hydroxyketone, also known as an acyloin. The reaction is most successful when ''R'' is aliphatic and saturated. The reaction is performe ...

Adams' catalyst Adams' catalyst, also known as platinum dioxide, is usually represented as platinum(IV) oxide hydrate, PtO2•H2O. It is a catalyst for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in organic synthesis. This dark brown powder is commercially available. The ox ...

* Adams decarboxylation *

Adkins catalyst Copper chromite is an inorganic compound with the formula Cu2Cr2O5. It is a black solid that is used to catalyze reactions in organic synthesis. History The material was first described in 1908. The catalyst was developed in North America by Home ...

* Adkins–Peterson reaction * Akabori amino acid reaction *

Alcohol oxidation Alcohol oxidation is a class of organic reactions in which the alcohol functional group is converted into another functional group (e.g., aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid) in which carbon carries a higher oxidation state. Through a variety of mec ...

* Alder ene reaction * Alder–Stein rules *

Aldol addition The aldol reaction is a means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry. Discovered independently by the Russian chemist Alexander Borodin in 1869 and by the French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz in 1872, the reaction combines two carb ...

Aldol condensation An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to ...

Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction The Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction is a chemical reaction whereby a chalcone undergoes an oxidative cyclization to form a flavonol. Reaction mechanism There are several possible mechanisms to explain this reaction; however, these reaction mech ...

Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution In organic chemistry, alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines. The reaction name is based on the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations. The reaction is acid catalyzed and the reaction ...

Alkyne trimerisation In organic chemistry, an alkyne trimerisation is a +2+2nbsp; cycloaddition reaction in which three alkyne units () react to form a benzene ring. The reaction requires a metal catalyst. The process is of historic interest as well as being applic ...

Alkyne zipper reaction \ce \ce Acetylene \ce \ce \ce Propyne \ce \ce \ce \ce 1-Butyne In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no ...

Allan–Robinson reaction The Allan–Robinson reaction is the chemical reaction of o-hydroxyaryl ketones with aromatic anhydrides to form flavones (or isoflavones). If aliphatic anhydrides are used, coumarins can also be formed. (See Kostanecki acylation.) : Mechanism ...

Allylic rearrangement An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic reaction in which the double bond in an allyl chemical compound shifts to the next carbon atom. It is encountered in nucleophilic substitution. In reaction conditions that favor a SN1 reactio ...

Amadori rearrangement The Amadori rearrangement is an organic reaction describing the acid or base catalyzed isomerization or rearrangement reaction of the ''N''-glycoside of an aldose or the glycosylamine to the corresponding 1-amino-1-deoxy-ketose. The reaction is im ...

* Amine alkylation * Angeli–Rimini reaction *

Andrussov oxidation The Andrussow process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst. :2 CH4 + 2 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 HCN + 6 H2O The process is based on a reaction ...

Appel reaction The Appel reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride. The use of carbon tetrabromide or bromine as a halide source will yield alkyl bromides, whereas using carb ...

Arbuzov reaction Arbuzov (masculine, russian: Арбузов) or Arbuzova (feminine, russian: Арбузовa) is a Russian surname, derived from the word арбуз (''arbooz'', meaning "watermelon"). It may refer to: * Aleksandr Arbuzov (1877–1968), Russian and ...

, Arbusow reaction *

Arens–Van Dorp synthesis The Arens–van Dorp synthesis is a name reaction in organic chemistry. It describes the addition of lithiated ethoxyacetylenes to ketones to give propargyl alcohols, which can undergo further reaction to form α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, or esters. ...

, Isler modification *

Aromatic nitration In organic chemistry, nitration is a general class of chemical processes for the introduction of a nitro group into an organic compound. The term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters between alcohols and ...

* Arndt–Eistert synthesis * Aston–Greenburg rearrangement *

Auwers synthesis The Auwers synthesis is a series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone. This reaction was first reported by Karl von Auwers in 1908.K. v. Auwers, E. Auffenberg, "Über Cumaranone und Hydrindone", ''Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.'', 52, 9 ...

Aza-Cope rearrangement Rearrangements, especially those that can participate in cascade reactions, such as the aza-Cope rearrangements, are of high practical as well as conceptual importance in organic chemistry, due to their ability to quickly build structural complexi ...

Azo coupling In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an organic reaction between a diazonium compound () and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (). In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the ...

B

Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis The Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis (1882) is an organic reaction in which indigo is prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone The reaction was developed by von Baeyer in 1880 to produce the first synthetic indigo at laboratory ...

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant. The reaction is named after Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger who fir ...

, Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement * Bakeland process (Bakelite) *

Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement The Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement is the chemical reaction of 2-acetoxyacetophenones with base to form 1,3-diketones. This rearrangement reaction proceeds via enolate formation followed by acyl transfer. It is named after the scientists Wils ...

, Baker–Venkataraman transformation *

Baldwin's Rules Baldwin's rules in organic chemistry are a series of guidelines outlining the relative favorabilities of ring closure reactions in alicyclic compounds. They were first proposed by Jack Baldwin in 1976. Baldwin's rules discuss the relative rates ...

* Bally–Scholl synthesis *

Balz–Schiemann reaction The Balz–Schiemann reaction (also called the Schiemann reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a primary aromatic amine is transformed to an aryl fluoride via a diazonium tetrafluoroborate intermediate. This reaction is a traditional route to ...

Bamberger rearrangement The Bamberger rearrangement is the chemical reaction of phenylhydroxylamines with strong aqueous acid, which will rearrange to give 4-aminophenols. It is named for the German chemist Eugen Bamberger (1857–1932). The starting phenylhydroxylam ...

Bamberger triazine synthesis The Bamberger triazine synthesis in organic chemistry is a classic organic synthesis of a triazine first reported by Eugen Bamberger in 1892.Hassner, A., Stumer, C., ''Organic Synthesis Based on Name Reactions'': 2nd. Ed. Tetrahedron Organic Chemi ...

Bamford–Stevens reaction The Bamford–Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction whereby treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base gives alkenes. It is named for the British chemist William Randall Bamford and the Scottish chemist Thomas Stevens Stevens (1900–2000). ...

Barbier reaction The Barbier reaction is an organometallic reaction between an alkyl halide (chloride, bromide, iodide), a carbonyl group and a metal. The reaction can be performed using magnesium, aluminium, zinc, indium, tin, samarium, barium or their salts. Th ...

Barbier–Wieland degradation The Barbier–Wieland degradation is a procedure for shortening the carbon chain of a carboxylic acid by one carbon. It only works when the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl is a simple methylene bridge (an aliphatic carbon with no substituents). Th ...

* Bardhan–Sengupta phenanthrene synthesis *

Barfoed's test Barfoed's test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharides. It is based on the reduction of copper(II) acetate to copper(I) oxide (Cu2O), which forms a brick-red precipitate. ::RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 2H2O → RCOOH + Cu2O↓ ...

Bargellini reaction The Bargellini reaction is a chemical reaction discovered in 1906 by Italian chemist Guido Bargellini. The original reaction was a mixture of the reagents phenol, chloroform, and acetone in the presence of a sodium hydroxide solution. Prior to B ...

Bartoli indole synthesis The Bartoli indole synthesis (also called the Bartoli reaction) is the chemical reaction of ortho-substituted nitroarenes and nitrosoarenes with vinyl Grignard reagents to form substituted indoles. The reaction is often unsuccessful without sub ...

, Bartoli reaction *

Barton decarboxylation The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted to a thiohydroxamate ester (commonly referred to as a Barton ester). The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen ...

Barton reaction The Barton reaction, also known as the Barton nitrite ester reaction, is a photochemical reaction that involves the photolysis of an alkyl nitrite to form a δ-nitroso alcohol. Discovered in 1960, the reaction is named for its discoverer, Nobel Lau ...

Barton–Kellogg reaction The Barton–Kellogg reaction is a coupling reaction between a diazo compound and a thioketone, giving an alkene by way of an episulfide intermediate. The Barton–Kellogg reaction is also known as Barton–Kellogg olefination and Barton olefin s ...

* Barton–McCombie reaction, Barton deoxygenation * Barton-Zard Synthesis * Barton vinyl iodine procedure *

Baudisch reaction In organic chemistry, the Baudisch reaction is a process for the synthesis of nitrosophenols using metal ions. Although the products are of limited value, the reaction is of historical interest as an example of metal-promoted functionalization of a ...

* Bayer test *

Baylis–Hillman reaction The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between the α-position of an activated alkene and a carbon electrophile such as an aldehyde. Employing a nucleophilic catalyst, such as a tertiary amine and phosphine, this rea ...

Bechamp reaction In organic synthesis the Béchamp reaction is used for producing arsonic acids from activated aromatic substrates. The reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution, using arsenic acid as the electrophile. The reaction proceeds according to ...

Bechamp reduction The Béchamp reduction (or Béchamp process) is a chemical reaction that converts aromatic nitro compounds to their corresponding anilines using iron as the reductant.. : This reaction was once a major route to aniline, but catalytic hydrogenati ...

* Beckmann fragmentation *

Beckmann rearrangement The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is a rearrangement of an oxime functional group to substituted amides. The rearrangement has also been successfully performed on haloimines and nitrones ...

* Bellus–Claisen rearrangement *

Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. The only common element in ...

* Benary reaction *

Benedict's reagent Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution) is a chemical reagent and complex mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. It is often used in place of Fehling' ...

* Benkeser reaction *

Benzidine rearrangement Benzidine (trivial name), also called 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (systematic name), is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4NH2)2. It is an aromatic amine. It is a component of a test for cyanide. Related derivatives are used in the produc ...

Benzilic acid rearrangement The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α- hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. Firs ...

Benzoin condensation The benzoin addition is an addition reaction involving two aldehydes. The reaction generally occurs between aromatic aldehydes or glyoxals, and results in formation of an acyloin. In the classic example, benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin. Th ...

Bergman cyclization The Masamune-Bergman cyclization or Masamune-Bergman reaction or Masamune-Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enediyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen do ...

* Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis *

Bergmann degradation The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reactions designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid (C-terminal) end of a peptide. First demonstrated by Max Bergmann in 1934, it is a rarely used method for sequencing peptides. ...

* Bergmann–Zervas carbobenzoxy method *

Bernthsen acridine synthesis The Bernthsen acridine synthesis is the chemical reaction of a diarylamine heated with a carboxylic acid (or acid anhydride) and zinc chloride to form a 9-substituted acridine. Using zinc chloride, one must heat the reaction to 200-270 °C f ...

* Bestmann's reagent *

Betti reaction The Betti reaction is a chemical addition reaction of aldehydes, primary aromatic amines and phenols producing α-aminobenzylphenols. The Betti reaction is a special case of the Mannich reaction. History The reaction is named after the Italian ...

* Biginelli pyrimidine synthesis *

Biginelli reaction The Biginelli reaction is a multiple-component chemical reaction that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1''H'')-ones 4 from ethyl acetoacetate 1, an aryl aldehyde (such as benzaldehyde 2), and urea 3. It is named for the Italian chemist Pietro Bigi ...

Bingel reaction The Bingel reaction in fullerene chemistry is a fullerene cyclopropanation reaction to a methanofullerene first discovered by C. Bingel in 1993 with the bromo derivative of diethyl malonate in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or DBU ...

Birch reduction The Birch reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to cyclohexadienes. The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch and involves the organic reduction of aromatic rings in an amine solvent (traditionally ...

* Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis *

Bischler–Napieralski reaction The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that allows for the cyclization of β-arylethylamides or β-arylethylcarbamates. It was first discovered in 1893 by August Bischler and , in affil ...

Biuret test Biuret is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is a white solid that is soluble in hot water. A variety of organic derivatives are known. The term "biuret" also describes a family of organic compounds with the chemical formula , where ...

Blaise ketone synthesis The Blaise ketone synthesis (named after Edmond Blaise) is the chemical reaction of acid chlorides with organozinc compounds to give ketones. The reaction was claimed to bring excellent yields by Blaise, however, investigators failed to obtain ...

Blaise reaction The Blaise reaction is an organic reaction that forms a β-ketoester from the reaction of zinc metal with a α-bromoester and a nitrile. The reaction was first reported by Edmond Blaise (1872–1939) in 1901. The final intermediate is a metaloim ...

Blanc reaction The Blanc chloromethylation (also called the Blanc reaction) is the chemical reaction of aromatic rings with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride to form chloromethyl arenes. The reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids such as zinc chloride. The reac ...

Blanc chloromethylation The Blanc chloromethylation (also called the Blanc reaction) is the chemical reaction of aromatic rings with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride to form chloromethyl arenes. The reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids such as zinc chloride. The rea ...

* Blum–Ittah aziridine synthesis *

Bodroux reaction In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula , where R, R', and R″ represent organic groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is ...

Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis The Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction whereby a Grignard reagent is converted to an aldehyde one carbon longer. : Reaction of a Grignard reagent with triethyl orthoformate gives an acetal, which can be hydrolyzed to a ...

* Bogert–Cook synthesis * Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis * Bohn–Schmidt reaction *

Boord olefin synthesis The Boord olefin synthesis is an organic reaction forming alkenes from ethers carrying a halogen atom 2 carbons removed from the oxygen atom (β-halo-ethers) using a metal such as magnesium or zinc. The reaction, discovered by Cecil E. Boord in 193 ...

Borodin reaction Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin ( rus, link=no, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir’yevich Borodin , p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin, a=RU-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin.ogg, ...

Borsche–Drechsel cyclization The Borsche–Drechsel cyclization is a chemical reaction used to synthesize tetrahydrocarbazoles by the acid-catalyzed cyclization of cyclohexanone arylhydrazones. The reaction was first described by Edmund Drechsel in 1888 and by Walter Borsche i ...

* Bosch–Meiser urea process *

Bosch reaction The Bosch reaction is a catalytic chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) that produces elemental carbon (C,graphite), water, and a 10% return of invested heat. CO2 is usually reduced by H2 to carbon in presence of a cata ...

Bouveault aldehyde synthesis The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a ''N'',''N''-disubstituted formamide. For primary alkyl halides this produce ...

Bouveault–Blanc reduction The Bouveault–Blanc reduction is a chemical reaction in which an ester is reduced to primary alcohols using absolute ethanol and sodium metal. It was first reported by Louis Bouveault and Gustave Louis Blanc in 1903. Bouveault and Blanc demons ...

Boyland–Sims oxidation The Boyland–Sims oxidation is the chemical reaction of anilines with alkaline potassium persulfate, which after hydrolysis forms ''ortho''-hydroxyl anilines. The reaction is generally performed in water at room temperatures or below, using equimo ...

* Boyer Reaction *

Bredt's rule Bredt's rule is an empirical observation in organic chemistry that states that a double bond cannot be placed at the bridgehead of a bridged ring system, unless the rings are large enough. The rule is named after Julius Bredt, who first discussed i ...

Brook rearrangement In organic chemistry the Brook rearrangement refers to any ,''n''carbon to oxygen silyl migration. The Rearrangement reaction, rearrangement was first observed in the late 1950s by Canadian chemist Adrian Gibbs Brook (1924–2013), after which t ...

* Brown hydroboration *

Bucherer carbazole synthesis The Bucherer carbazole synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize carbazoles from naphthols and aryl hydrazines using sodium bisulfite. The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer. See also * Borsche-Drechsel cyclization *Buchere ...

Bucherer reaction The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite. The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic ac ...

Bucherer–Bergs reaction The Bucherer–Bergs reaction is the chemical reaction of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) or cyanohydrins with ammonium carbonate and potassium cyanide to give hydantoins. The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer. ''Overall Rea ...

Buchner ring enlargement The Buchner ring expansion is a two-step organic C-C bond forming reaction used to access 7-membered rings. The first step involves formation of a carbene from ethyl diazoacetate, which cyclopropanates an aromatic ring. The ring expansion occurs ...

* Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction *

Buchwald–Hartwig amination In organic chemistry, the Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a chemical reaction for the synthesis of carbon–nitrogen bonds via the cross-coupling reaction, palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of amines with aryl halides. Although Pd-catalyzed ...

* Bunnett reaction *

Burgess reagent The Burgess reagent (methyl ''N''-(triethylammoniumsulfonyl)carbamate) is a mild and selective dehydrating reagent often used in organic chemistry. It was developed in the laboratory of Edward M. Burgess at Georgia Tech. The Burgess reagent is ...

C

Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling The Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling in organic chemistry is a coupling reaction between a terminal alkyne and a haloalkyne catalyzed by a copper(I) salt such as copper(I) bromide and an amine base.Cadiot, P.; Chodkiewicz, W. In Chemistry of Acetyl ...

* Cadogan-Sundberg indole synthesis *

Camps quinoline synthesis The Camps quinoline synthesis (also known as the Camps cyclization) is a chemical reaction whereby an o-acylaminoacetophenone is transformed into two different hydroxyquinolines (products A and B) using hydroxide ion. The relative proportions of ...

Cannizzaro reaction The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction which involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to give a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid. : ...

Carbohydrate acetalisation In carbohydrate chemistry carbohydrate acetalisation is an organic reaction and a very effective means of providing a protecting group. The example below depicts the acetalisation reaction of D-ribose 1. With acetone or 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the ...

Carbonyl reduction In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the organic reduction of any carbonyl group by a reducing agent. Typical carbonyl compounds are ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides. Carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides ...

Carbonylation Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. The term carbon ...

Carbylamine reaction The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene. Illustrative is the ...

* Carroll reaction * Castro–Stephens coupling *

Catalytic reforming Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-o ...

Catellani Reaction The Catellani reaction was discovered by Marta Catellani (Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy) and co-workers in 1997. The reaction uses aryl iodides to perform bi- or tri-functionalization, including C-H functionalization of the unsubstituted ...

CBS reduction CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, the abbreviation of its former legal name Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainmen ...

* Chan–Lam coupling *

Chapman rearrangement Carboximidates (or more general imidates) are organic compounds, which can be thought of as esters formed between a carboximidic acid (R-C(=NR')OH) and an alcohol, with the general formula R-C(=NR')OR". They are also known as imino ethers, si ...

Cheletropic reaction In organic chemistry, cheletropic reactions, also known as chelotropic reactions,Chelotropic reaction
IUPAC GoldBook

Chichibabin pyridine synthesis The Chichibabin pyridine synthesis () is a method for synthesizing pyridine rings. The reaction involves the condensation reaction of aldehydes, ketones, α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, or any combination of the above, with ammonia. It was ...

Chichibabin reaction The Chichibabin reaction (pronounced ' (chē')-chē-bā-bēn) is a method for producing 2-aminopyridine derivatives by the reaction of pyridine with sodium amide. It was reported by Aleksei Chichibabin in 1914. The following is the overall form of ...

Chiral pool synthesis The chiral pool is a "collection of abundant enantiopure building blocks provided by nature" used in synthesis. In other words, a chiral pool would be a large quantity of common organic enantiomers. Contributors to the chiral pool are amino acids, s ...

Chugaev elimination The Chugaev elimination is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of water from alcohols to produce alkenes. The intermediate is a xanthate. It is named for its discoverer, the Russian chemist Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev (1873-1922), who ...

Ciamician–Dennstedt rearrangement Pyridine is a basic (chemistry), basic heterocyclic compound, heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula . It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a highly flammable, weakl ...

Claisen condensation The Claisen condensation is a carbon–carbon bond forming reaction that occurs between two esters or one ester and another carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong base, resulting in a β-keto ester or a β-diketone. It is named after Raine ...

Claisen rearrangement The Claisen rearrangement is a powerful carbon–carbon bond-forming chemical reaction discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen. The heating of an allyl vinyl ether will initiate a ,3sigmatropic rearrangement to give a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl, d ...

* Claisen–Schmidt condensation *

Clemmensen reduction Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist. The origi ...

Collins reagent Collins reagent is the complex of chromium(VI) oxide with pyridine in dichloromethane. This metal-pyridine complex, a red solid, is used to oxidize primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and secondary alcohols to the corresponding ket ...

Combes quinoline synthesis The Combes quinoline synthesis is a chemical reaction, which was first reported by Combes in 1888. It involves the condensation of unsubstituted anilines (1) with β-diketones (2) to form substituted quinolines (4) after an acid-catalyzed ring closu ...

* Conia reaction * Conrad–Limpach synthesis * Cook–Heilbron thiazole synthesis *

Cope elimination The Cope reaction or Cope elimination, developed by Arthur C. Cope, is an elimination reaction of the N-oxide to form an alkene and a hydroxylamine. Mechanism and applications The reaction mechanism involves an intramolecular 5-membered cyclic tr ...

Cope rearrangement The Cope rearrangement is an extensively studied organic reaction involving the ,3sigmatropic rearrangement of 1,5-dienes. It was developed by Arthur C. Cope and Elizabeth Hardy. For example, 3-methyl-hexa-1,5-diene heated to 300 °C yields ...

* Corey reagent * Corey–Bakshi–Shibata reduction *

Corey–Fuchs reaction The Corey–Fuchs reaction, also known as the Ramirez–Corey–Fuchs reaction, is a series of chemical reactions designed to transform an aldehyde into an alkyne. The formation of the 1,1-dibromoolefins via phosphine-dibromomethylenes was origina ...

Corey–Gilman–Ganem oxidation In organic chemistry, an aldehyde () is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure . The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group ...

Corey–Kim oxidation The Corey–Kim oxidation is an oxidation reaction used to synthesise aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols. It is named for American chemist and Nobel Laureate Elias James Corey and Korean-American chemist Choung Un Kim. ...

* Corey-Nicolaou macrolactonization * Corey–Posner, Whitesides–House reaction * Corey-Seebach reaction *

Corey–Winter olefin synthesis The Corey–Winter olefin synthesis (also known as Corey–Winter–Eastwood olefination) is a series of chemical reactions for converting 1,2-diols into olefins. It is named for the American chemist and Nobelist Elias James Corey and the American-E ...

* Corey–Winter reaction *

Cornforth rearrangement In organic chemistry, the Cornforth rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction of a 4-acyloxazole in which the group attached to an acyl on position 4 and the substituent on position 5 of an oxazole ring exchange places. It was first reported in 19 ...

Coupling reaction A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two fragments are joined together with the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (R = ...

* Crabbé reaction * Craig method * Cram's rule of asymmetric induction * Creighton process * Criegee reaction * Criegee rearrangement * Cross metathesis * Crum Brown–Gibson rule * Curtius degradation *

Curtius rearrangement The Curtius rearrangement (or Curtius reaction or Curtius degradation), first defined by Theodor Curtius in 1885, is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate with loss of nitrogen gas. The isocyanate then undergoes attack by a va ...

, Curtius reaction *

Cyanohydrin reaction A cyanohydrin reaction is an organic reaction, organic chemical reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone reacts with a cyanide anion or a nitrile to form a cyanohydrin. This nucleophilic addition is a reversible reaction but with aliphatic carbony ...

D

Dakin reaction The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an '' ortho''- or ''para''-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide in base to form a ...

(aka Dakin oxidation) *

Dakin–West reaction The Dakin–West reaction is a chemical reaction that transforms an amino-acid into a keto-amide using an acid anhydride and a base, typically pyridine. It is named for Henry Drysdale Dakin (1880–1952) and Randolph West (1890–1949). In 2016 Sch ...

Danheiser annulation The Danheiser annulation or Danheiser TMS-cyclopentene annulation is an organic reaction of an α,β-unsaturated ketone and a trialkylsilylallene (e.g., trimethylsilyl- or triisopropylsilyl-) in the presence of a Lewis Acid to give a trialkylsil ...

* Danheiser benzannulation * Darapsky degradation *

Darzens condensation The Darzens reaction (also known as the Darzens condensation or glycidic ester condensation) is the chemical reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with an α- haloester in the presence of a base to form an α,β-epoxy ester, also called a "glycidic es ...

, Darzens–Claisen reaction, Glycidic ester condensation *

Darzens halogenation Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary ...

* Darzens synthesis of unsaturated ketones * Darzens tetralin synthesis * Davis' reagent,

Davis oxidation In organic chemistry, the Davis oxidation or Davis' oxaziridine oxidation refers to oxidations involving the use of the Davis reagent (2-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-phenyloxaziridine) or other similar oxaziridine reagents. This reaction mainly refers to t ...

Davis–Beirut reaction The Davis–Beirut reaction is ''N,N''-bond forming heterocyclization that creates numerous types of 2''H''-indazoles and indazolones in both acidic and basic conditions The Davis–Beirut reaction is named after Mark Kurth and Makhluf Haddadin ...

* De Kimpe aziridine synthesis *

Dehydration reaction In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule or ion. Dehydration reactions are common processes, the reverse of a hydration reaction. Dehydration reactions in organic che ...

Dehydrogenation In chemistry, dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic molecule. It is the reverse of hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation is important, both as a useful reaction and a serious problem. At ...

* Delepine reaction * DeMayo reaction * Demjanov rearrangement * Demjanow desamination *

Dess–Martin oxidation The Dess–Martin oxidation is an organic reaction for the redox, oxidation of primary Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones using Dess–Martin periodinane. It is named after the American chemists Daniel Ben ...

Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition The Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (an organic reaction) between a 1,3-dipole diazo compound (notably diazomethane) and a dipolarophile. When the dipolarphile is an alkene, the reaction product is a pyrazoli ...

* Diazotisation * DIBAL-H selective reduction *

Dieckmann condensation The Dieckmann condensation is the intramolecular chemical reaction of diesters with base to give β-keto esters. It is named after the German chemist Walter Dieckmann (1869–1925). The equivalent intermolecular reaction is the Claisen condensati ...

* Dieckmann reaction *

Diels–Alder reaction In organic chemistry, the Diels–Alder reaction is a chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative. It is the prototypical example of a peric ...

Diels–Reese reaction The Diels–Reese Reaction is a reaction between hydrazobenzene and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (or related esters) first reported in 1934 by Otto Diels and Johannes Reese. Later work by others extended the reaction scope to include substituted ...

* Dienol–benzene rearrangement *

Dienone–phenol rearrangement The dienone–phenol rearrangement is a reaction in organic chemistry first reported in 1921 by Karl von Auwers and Karl Ziegler. A common example of dienone–phenol rearrangement is 4,4-disubstituted converting into a stable 3,4-disubstituted ph ...

Dimroth rearrangement The Dimroth rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction taking place with certain 1,2,3-triazoles where endocyclic and exocyclic nitrogen atoms switch place. This organic reaction was discovered in 1909 by Otto Dimroth. : With R a phenyl group the ...

Di-π-methane rearrangement The di-π-methane rearrangement is a photochemical reaction of a molecular entity that contains two π-systems separated by a saturated carbon atom (a 1,4-diene or an allyl-substituted aromatic ring), to form an ene- (or aryl-) substituted cyclop ...

Directed ortho metalation Directed ortho metalation (DoM) is an adaptation of electrophilic aromatic substitution in which electrophiles attach themselves exclusively to the ortho- position of a direct metalation group or DMG through the intermediary of an aryllithium com ...

* Doebner modification *

Doebner reaction The Doebner reaction is the chemical reaction of an aniline with an aldehyde and pyruvic acid to form quinoline-4-carboxylic acids.Bergstrom, F. W. ''Chem. Rev.'' 1944, ''35'', 156. (Review) The reaction serves as an alternative to the Pfitzinger r ...

* Doebner–Miller reaction, Beyer method for quinolines * Doering–LaFlamme carbon chain extension * Dötz reaction * Dowd–Beckwith ring expansion reaction *

Duff reaction The Duff reaction or hexamine aromatic formylation is a formylation reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of benzaldehydes with hexamine as the formyl carbon source. It is named after James Cooper Duff, who was a chemist at the Coll ...

* Dutt–Wormall reaction *

Dyotropic reaction A dyotropic reaction (from the Greek ''dyo'', meaning two) in organic chemistry is a type of organic reaction and more specifically a pericyclic valence isomerization in which two sigma bonds simultaneously migrate intramolecularly. The reactio ...

E

E1cB elimination reaction The E1cB elimination reaction is a type of elimination reaction which occurs under basic conditions, where the hydrogen to be removed is relatively acidic, while the leaving group (such as -OH or -OR) is a relatively poor one. Usually a moderate t ...

Eder reaction Eder may refer to: People *Eder (surname) *Éder (given name), a Portuguese or Spanish given name *Éder (footballer, born 1986), Brazilian footballer Éder Citadin Martins *Eder (footballer, born 1987), Portuguese footballer from Guinea-Bissau Ede ...

Edman degradation Edman degradation, developed by Pehr Edman, is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide. In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid resi ...

Eglinton reaction The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far the oldest acetylenic coupling and is based on cuprous salts like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like oxygen. The base in its original scope is ammo ...

* Ehrlich–Sachs reaction * Einhorn variant *

Einhorn–Brunner reaction The Einhorn–Brunner reaction is the designation for the chemical reaction of imides with alkyl hydrazines to form an isomeric mixture of 1,2,4-triazoles. It was initially described by the German chemist Alfred Einhorn in a paper, published in ...

Elbs persulfate oxidation The Elbs persulfate oxidation is the organic reaction of phenols with alkaline potassium persulfate to form ''para''-diphenols. The reaction is generally performed in water at room temperatures or below, using equimolar quantities of reagents. S ...

Elbs reaction The Elbs reaction is an organic reaction describing the pyrolysis of an ortho methyl substituted benzophenone to a condensed polyaromatic. The reaction is named after its inventor, the German chemist Karl Elbs, also responsible for the Elbs oxid ...

Electrochemical fluorination Electrochemical fluorination (ECF), or electrofluorination, is a foundational organofluorine chemistry method for the preparation of fluorocarbon-based organofluorine compounds.G. Siegemund, W. Schwertfeger, A. Feiring, B. Smart, F. Behr, H. Vogel, ...

Electrocyclic reaction In organic chemistry, an electrocyclic reaction is a type of pericyclic rearrangement where the net result is one pi bond being converted into one sigma bond or vice versa. These reactions are usually categorized by the following criteria: * React ...

Electrophilic halogenation In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system. : A few ...

Electrophilic amination Electrophilic amination is a chemical process involving the formation of a carbon–nitrogen bond through the reaction of a nucleophilic carbanion with an electrophilic source of nitrogen. Introduction Electrophilic amination reactions can be clas ...

Elimination reaction An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 ...

Emde degradation The Emde degradation (also called Emde-reaction or Emde-reduction) is a method for the reduction of a quaternary ammonium cation to a tertiary amine with sodium amalgam:{{cite book , first1=M. B. , last1=Smith , first2=J. , last2=March , titl ...

* Emmert reaction * Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone-alkylation reaction *

Ene reaction In organic chemistry, the ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction by its discoverer Kurt Alder in 1943) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile ...

Enyne metathesis An enyne metathesis is an organic reaction taking place between an alkyne and an alkene with a metal carbene catalyst forming a butadiene. This reaction is a variation of olefin metathesis. The general scheme is given by ''scheme 1'': : When th ...

Epoxidation In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether () with a three-atom ring. This ring approximates an equilateral triangle, which makes it strained, and hence highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for ...

Erlenmeyer synthesis The word Erlenmeyer may mean: * Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (1825–1909), German chemist * Erlenmeyer flask, conical glassware invented by Richard Erlenmeyer * The bony deformity named Deformity type Erlenmeyer flask because of the si ...

, Azlactone synthesis *

Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis The Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform an ''N''-acyl glycine to various other amino acids ...

* Eschenmoser fragmentation *

Eschenmoser sulfide contraction The Eschenmoser sulfide contraction is an organic reaction first described by Albert Eschenmoser for the synthesis of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds from a thioester. The method requires a base and a tertiary phosphine. The method is of some relevance t ...

Eschweiler–Clarke reaction The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. Reductive amination reactions such as this on ...

Ester pyrolysis Ester pyrolysis in organic chemistry is a vacuum pyrolysis reaction converting esters containing a β-hydrogen atom into the corresponding carboxylic acid and the alkene. The reaction is an Ei elimination, Ei elimination and operates in a syn fashio ...

* Ether cleavage *

Étard reaction The Étard reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the direct oxidation of an aromatic or heterocyclic bound methyl group to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride. For example, toluene can be oxidized to benzaldehyde. It is named for the French ...

Evans aldol The aldol reaction is a means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry. Discovered independently by the Russian chemist Alexander Borodin in 1869 and by the French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz in 1872, the reaction combines two carb ...

Evans–Saksena reduction The Saksena–Evans reduction is a diastereoselective reduction of β-hydroxy ketones to the corresponding ''anti''-dialcohols, employing the reagent tetramethylammonium triacetoxyborohydride (Me4NHB(OAc)3). The reaction was first described by Anil ...

Evans–Tishchenko reaction The Evans–Tishchenko reaction is the diastereoselective reduction of β-hydroxy ketones to the corresponding 1,3-''anti'' diol monoesters. The reaction employs a Lewis acid, often samarium iodide, and an aldehyde. It was first described in 19 ...

F

Favorskii reaction The Favorskii reaction is an organic chemistry reaction between an alkyne and a carbonyl group, under base (chemistry), basic conditions. The reaction was discovered in the early 1900s by the Russian chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii. When ...

Favorskii rearrangement The Favorskii rearrangement is principally a rearrangement of cyclopropanones and α-halo ketones that leads to carboxylic acid derivatives. In the case of cyclic α-halo ketones, the Favorskii rearrangement constitutes a ring contraction. This ...

* Favorskii–Babayan synthesis *

Fehling test In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone () functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' r ...

Feist–Benary synthesis The Feist–Benary synthesis is an organic reaction between α- halogen ketones and β-dicarbonyl compounds to produce substituted furan compounds. This condensation reaction is catalyzed by amines such as ammonia and pyridine. The first step ...

Fenton reaction Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with ferrous iron (typically iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4) as a catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters as part of an advanced oxidation process. Fenton's reagent can be us ...

Ferrario reaction Ferrario is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bill Ferrario (born 1928), American footballer * Carlo Ferrario (born 1986), Italian footballer * Joseph Anthony Ferrario (1926–2003), American Roman Catholic bishop ...

Ferrier carbocyclization The Ferrier carbocyclization (or Ferrier II reaction) is an organic reaction that was first reported by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier in 1979. It is a metal-mediated rearrangement of enol ether pyrans to cyclohexanones. Typically, ...

Ferrier rearrangement The Ferrier rearrangement is an organic reaction that involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction combined with an allylic shift in a glycal (a 2,3-unsaturated compound, unsaturated glycoside). It was discovered by the carbohydrate chemist Robert ...

Fétizon oxidation Fétizon oxidation is the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols utilizing the compound silver(I) carbonate absorbed onto the surface of celite also known as Fétizon's reagent first employed by Marcel Fétizon in 1968. It is a mild reagent, s ...

* Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis *

Finkelstein reaction The Finkelstein reaction named after the German chemist Hans Finkelstein, is an SN2 reaction (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular reaction) that involves the exchange of one halogen atom for another. It is an equilibrium reaction, but the reac ...

Fischer indole synthesis The Fischer indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces the aromatic heterocycle indole from a (substituted) phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions. The reaction was discovered in 1883 by Emil Fischer. Today ...

Fischer oxazole synthesis The Fischer oxazole synthesis is a chemical synthesis of an oxazole from a cyanohydrin and an aldehyde in the presence of anhydrous hydrochloric acid.Wiley, R. H. The Chemistry of Oxazoles. ''Chem. Rev.'' 1945, ''37'', 401. () This method was disco ...

* Fischer peptide synthesis *

Fischer phenylhydrazine and oxazone reaction Osazones are a class of carbohydrate derivatives found in organic chemistry formed when Reducing sugar, reducing sugars are reacted with excess of phenylhydrazine at boiling temperatures. Formation Osazone formation was developed by Emil Fisch ...

Fischer glycosidation Fischer glycosidation (or Fischer glycosylation) refers to the formation of a glycoside by the reaction of an aldose or ketose with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction is named after the German chemist, Emil Fischer, winner ...

Fischer–Hepp rearrangement The Fischer–Hepp rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in which an aromatic N-nitroso or nitrosamine converts to a carbon nitroso compound: This organic reaction was first described by the German chemist Otto Philipp Fischer (1852–1932) ...

Fischer–Speier esterification Fischer esterification or Fischer–Speier esterification is a special type of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction was first described by Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier in ...

Fischer Tropsch synthesis Fischer is a German occupational surname, meaning fisherman. The name Fischer is the fourth most common German surname. The English version is Fisher. People with the surname A * Abraham Fischer (1850–1913) South African public official * A ...

Fleming–Tamao oxidation The Fleming–Tamao oxidation, or Tamao–Kumada–Fleming oxidation, converts a carbon–silicon bond to a carbon–oxygen bond with a peroxy acid or hydrogen peroxide. Fleming–Tamao oxidation refers to two slightly different conditions develop ...

* Flood reaction *

Folin–Ciocalteu reagent The Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin–Denis reagent, is a mixture of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate used for the colorimetric ''in vitro'' assay of phenolic and polyphenolic antioxidants, also called t ...

Formox process The Formox process produces formaldehyde. Formox is a registered trademark owned by Johnson Matthey. The process was originally invented jointly by Swedish chemical company Perstorp and Reichhold Chemicals . Industrially, formaldehyde is produced b ...

* Forster reaction *

Forster–Decker method The Forster–Decker method is a series of chemical reactions that transform a primary amine (1) ultimately to a secondary amine (6). The first step is the formation of a Schiff base (3), followed by alkylation, and hydrolysis. Mechanism 1. The ...

Fowler process The Fowler process is an industry and laboratory route to fluorocarbons, by fluorinating hydrocarbons or their partially fluorinated derivatives in the vapor phase over cobalt(III) fluoride. Background The Manhattan Project required the producti ...

* Franchimont reaction * Frankland synthesis * Frankland–Duppa reaction *

Fráter–Seebach alkylation In organic chemistry, the Fráter–Seebach alkylation (also known as Seebach–Fráter alkylation or Fráter–Seebach reaction) is a diastereoselective alkylation of chiral beta-hydroxy esters using strong base (chemistry), bases. The reaction was ...

Free radical halogenation In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl-substituted aromatics under application of UV light. The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform ( ...

* Freund reaction * Friedel–Crafts acylation * Friedel–Crafts alkylation *

Friedländer synthesis The Friedländer synthesis is a chemical reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with ketones to form quinoline derivatives. It is named after German chemist Paul Friedländer (1857–1923). This reaction has been catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid, t ...

Fries rearrangement The Fries rearrangement, named for the German chemist Karl Theophil Fries, is a rearrangement reaction of a phenolic ester to a hydroxy aryl ketone by catalysis of Lewis acids. It involves migration of an acyl group of phenol ester to the aryl ...

Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement The Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement, named for Paul Ernst Moritz Fritsch (1859–1913), Wilhelm Paul Buttenberg, and Heinrich G. Wiechell, is a chemical reaction whereby a 1,1-diaryl-2-bromo-alkene rearranges to a 1,2-diaryl- alkyne ...

* Fujimoto–Belleau reaction * Fujiwara–Moritani reaction *

Fukuyama coupling The Fukuyama coupling is a coupling reaction taking place between a thioester and an organozinc halide in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The reaction product is a ketone. This reaction was discovered by Tohru Fukuyama et al. in 1998. Adv ...

Fukuyama indole synthesis The Fukuyama indole synthesis is a versatile tin mediated chemical reaction that results in the formation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles. A practical one-pot reaction that can be useful for the creation of disubstituted indoles. Most commonly tribu ...

Fukuyama reduction The Fukuyama reduction is an organic reaction and an organic reduction in which a thioester is reduced to an aldehyde by a silyl hydride in presence of a catalytic amount of palladium. This reaction was invented in 1990 by Tohru Fukuyama. In the or ...

G

* Gabriel ethylenimine method *

Gabriel synthesis The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines. Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. The reaction is named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel. The Gabriel reaction ...

* Gabriel–Colman rearrangement,

Gabriel isoquinoline synthesis In Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam), Gabriel (); Greek: grc, Γαβριήλ, translit=Gabriḗl, label=none; Latin: ''Gabriel''; Coptic: cop, Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ, translit=Gabriêl, label=none; Amharic: am, ገብ� ...

Gallagher–Hollander degradation In the Gallagher–Hollander degradation (1946) pyruvic acid is removed from a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid yielding a new acid with two carbon atoms fewer.Vincent P. Hollander and T. F. Gallagher PArtial synthesis of compounds related to adre ...

Gassman indole synthesis The Gassman indole synthesis is a series of chemical reactions used to synthesize substituted indoles by addition of an aniline and a ketone bearing a thioether substituent. This is a one-pot chemical reaction, and none of the intermediates are ...

* Gastaldi synthesis * Gattermann aldehyde synthesis * Gattermann Koch reaction *

Gattermann reaction The Gattermann reaction, (also known as the Gattermann formylation and the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen chloride (HCl ...

Geminal halide hydrolysis Geminal halide hydrolysis is an organic reaction. The reactants are geminal dihalides with a water molecule or a hydroxide ion. The reaction yields ketones from secondary halides or aldehydes from primary halides. Reaction mechanism The first p ...

Gewald reaction The Gewald reaction is an organic reaction involving the condensation of a ketone (or aldehyde when R2 = H) with a α-cyanoester in the presence of elemental sulfur and base to give a poly-substituted 2-amino-thiophene. The reaction is named ...

* Gibbs phthalic anhydride process *

Gilman reagent A Gilman reagent is a lithium and copper ( diorganocopper) reagent compound, R2CuLi, where R is an alkyl or aryl. These reagents are useful because, unlike related Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents, they react with organic halides to ...

Glaser coupling The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far the oldest acetylenic coupling and is based on cuprous salts like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like oxygen. The base in its original scope is ammo ...

Glycol cleavage Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a vicinal diol (glycol) is cleaved and instead the two oxygen atoms become double-bonded to their respective carbon atoms. Depending on the substituti ...

Gomberg–Bachmann reaction The Gomberg–Bachmann reaction, named for the Russian-American chemist Moses Gomberg and the American chemist Werner Emmanuel Bachmann, is an aryl-aryl coupling reaction via a diazonium salt. : The arene compound (here benzene) is reacted with ...

* Gomberg–Bachmann–Hey reaction *

Gomberg radical reaction The triphenylmethyl radical (often shorted to trityl radical) is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)3C. It is a persistent radical. It was the first radical ever to be described in organic chemistry. Because of its accessibility, the tr ...

Gould–Jacobs reaction The Gould–Jacobs reaction is an organic synthesis for the preparation of quinolines and 4‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives. The Gould-Jacobs reaction is a series of reactions. The series of reactions begins with the condensation/substitution of an a ...

Graebe–Ullmann synthesis Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is based on the indole str ...

* Grignard degradation * Griesbaum coozonolysis *

Grignard reaction The Grignard reaction () is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl, allyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides ( Grignard reagent) is added to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone. This reaction is important for the formation of ...

Grob fragmentation In chemistry Chemistry is the science, scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the Chemical element, elements that make up matter to the chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molec ...

Grubbs' catalyst Grubbs catalysts are a series of transition metal carbene complexes used as catalysts for olefin metathesis. They are named after Robert H. Grubbs, the chemist who supervised their synthesis. Several generations of the catalyst have been develo ...

Olefin metathesis Olefin metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the scission and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds. Because of the relative simplicity of olefin metathesis, it often create ...

Grundmann aldehyde synthesis The Grundmann aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces an aldehyde from an acyl halide.Grundmann, C. ''Ann.'' 1936, ''524'', 31. Because of the Rosenmund reduction and DIBAL-H accomplish similar transformations, this reaction sequ ...

* Gryszkiewicz–Trochimowski and McCombie method * Guareschi–Thorpe condensation *

Guerbet reaction The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction that converts a primary Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol into its β-alkylated Dimer (chemistry), dimer Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol with loss of one equivalent of wa ...

* Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis

H

Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction in organic chemistry is a proline catalysed asymmetric aldol reaction. The reaction is named after its principal investigators, Zoltan Hajos others, from Hoffmann-La RocheZ. G. Hajos, D. R. P ...

* Haller–Bauer reaction *

Haloform reaction In chemistry, the haloform reaction is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an aryl group), in the ...

Halogen addition reaction A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is: :C=C + X2 → X−C−C� ...

Halohydrin formation reaction In organic chemistry a halohydrin (also a haloalcohol or β-halo alcohol) is a functional group in which a halogen and a hydroxyl are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms, which otherwise bear only hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups (e.g. 2-chloroethan ...

Hammett equation The Hammett equation in organic chemistry describes a linear free-energy relationship relating reaction rates and equilibrium constants for many reactions involving benzoic acid derivatives with meta- and para-substituents to each other with jus ...

Hammick reaction The Hammick reaction, named after Dalziel Hammick, is a chemical reaction in which the thermal decarboxylation of α-picolinic acid, picolinic (or related) carboxylic acid, acids in the presence of carbonyl compounds forms 2-pyridine, pyridyl-carbi ...

* Hammond principle or

Hammond postulate Hammond's postulate (or alternatively the Hammond–Leffler postulate), is a hypothesis in physical organic chemistry which describes the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. First proposed by George Hammon ...

Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis The Hantzsch Pyrrole Synthesis, named for Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch, is the chemical reaction of β-ketoesters (1) with ammonia (or primary amines) and α-haloketones (2) to give substituted pyrroles (3). Pyrroles are found in a variety of natural pr ...

* Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis,

Hantzsch pyridine synthesis The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis or Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is a multi-component organic reaction between an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, 2 equivalents of a β-keto ester such as ethyl acetoacetate and a nitrogen donor such as ammoni ...

Gattermann–Skita synthesis Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula . It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a d ...

, Guareschi–Thorpe condensation, Knoevenagel–Fries modification * Hantzsch–Collidin synthesis * Harries ozonide reaction * Haworth methylation *

Haworth Phenanthrene synthesis Haworth () is a village in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, in the Pennines, south-west of Keighley, west of Bradford and east of Colne in Lancashire. The surrounding areas include Oakworth and Oxenhope. Nearby villages inclu ...

* Haworth reaction *

Hay coupling The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far the oldest acetylenic coupling and is based on cuprous salts like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like oxygen. The base in its original scope is ammo ...

Hayashi rearrangement The Hayashi rearrangement is the chemical reaction of ''ortho''-benzoylbenzoic acids catalysis, catalyzed by sulfuric acid or phosphorus pentoxide. This reaction proceeds through electrophilic acylium ion attack with a Spiro compound, spiro inter ...

Heck reaction The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst (or palladium nanomaterial-based catalyst) to form a s ...

* Hegedus indole synthesis *

Helferich method The Helferich method may refer to: #Glycosylation of an alcohol using a glycosyl acetate as glycosyl donor and a Lewis acid (e.g. a metal halide) as promoter #Glycosylation of an alcohol using a glycosyl halide as a glycosyl donor and a mercury ...

Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation The Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation reaction is a chemical transformation that involves the halogenation of a carboxylic acid at the α carbon. For this reaction to occur the α carbon must bear at least one proton. The reaction is named a ...

Hemetsberger indole synthesis The Hemetsberger indole synthesis (also called the Hemetsberger–Knittel synthesis) is a chemical reaction that thermally decomposes a 3-aryl-2-azido-propenoic ester into an indole-2-carboxylic ester. Yields are typically above 70%. However, ...

* Hemetsberger–Knittel synthesis * Henkel reaction, Raecke process, Henkel process *

Henry reaction The Henry reaction is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry. Discovered in 1895 by the Belgian chemist Louis Henry (1834–1913), it is the combination of a nitroalkane and an aldehyde or ketone in the presence o ...

, Kamlet reaction *

Herz reaction The Herz reaction, named after the chemist Richard Herz, is the chemical conversion of an aniline-derivative (1) to a so-called Herz salt (2) with disulfur dichloride, followed by hydrolysis of this Herz salt (2) to the corresponding sodium thiolat ...

, Herz compounds * Herzig–Meyer alkimide group determination * Heumann indigo synthesis *

Hiyama coupling The Hiyama coupling is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organosilanes with organic halides used in organic chemistry to form carbon–carbon bonds (C-C bonds). This reaction was discovered in 1988 by Tamejiro Hiyama and Yasuo Ha ...

Hydration reaction In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, che ...

Hydroamination In organic chemistry, hydroamination is the addition of an bond of an amine across a carbon-carbon multiple bond of an alkene, alkyne, diene, or allene. In the ideal case, hydroamination is atom economical and green. Amines are common in fine-c ...

Hydrodesulfurization Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils. The purpose of remov ...

Hydrogenolysis Hydrogenolysis is a chemical reaction whereby a carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom single bond is cleaved or undergoes lysis (breakdown) by hydrogen.Ralph Connor, Homer Adkins. Hydrogenolysis Of Oxygenated Organic Compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. ...

Hydrosilylation Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds."Hydrosilylation A Comprehensive Review on Recent Advances" B. Marciniec (ed.), Advances in Silicon Science, Springer Science, 2009 ...

* Hinsberg indole synthesis * Hinsberg oxindole synthesis *

Hinsberg reaction The Hinsberg reaction is a chemical test for the detection of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. The reaction was first described by Oscar Hinsberg in 1890. In this test, the amine is shaken well with Hinsberg reagent in the presence of aque ...

* Hinsberg separation * Hinsberg sulfone synthesis *

Hirao coupling The Hirao coupling (also called the Hirao reaction or the Hirao cross-coupling) is the chemical reaction involving the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of a dialkyl phosphite and an aryl halide to form a phosphonate In organic chemistry, pho ...

* Hoch–Campbell ethylenimine synthesis *

Hock rearrangement Hock may refer to: Common meanings: * Hock (wine), a type of wine * Hock (anatomy), part of an animal's leg * To leave an item with a pawnbroker People: * Hock (surname) * Richard "Hock" Walsh (1948-1999), Canadian blues singer Other uses: * A ...

* Hofmann bromamide reaction * Hofmann degradation, Exhaustive methylation *

Hofmann elimination Hofmann elimination is an elimination reaction of an amine to form alkenes. The least stable alkene (the one with the least number of substituents on the carbons of the double bond), called the Hofmann product, is formed. This tendency, known as ...

* Hofmann Isonitrile synthesis,

* Hofmann product *

Hofmann rearrangement The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one fewer carbon atom. The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to gi ...

Hofmann–Löffler reaction The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, i ...

, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction *

Hofmann–Martius rearrangement The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding aromatic ortho substituent, ortho and / or aromatic para substituent, para arene compound, aryl-alkylated ani ...

* Hofmann's rule * Hofmann–Sand reaction * Homo rearrangement of steroids *

Hooker reaction In the Hooker reaction (1936) an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone (phenomenon first observed in the compound lapachol) is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation.''On the Oxidation of 2-Hydro ...

Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction The Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry of stabilized phosphonate carbanions with aldehydes (or ketones) to produce predominantly E-alkenes. In 1958, Leopold Horner published a modifi ...

Hoesch reaction The Hoesch reaction or Houben–Hoesch reaction is an organic reaction in which a nitrile reacts with an arene compound to form an aryl ketone. The reaction is a type of Friedel-Crafts acylation with hydrogen chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst. ...

* Hosomi–Sakurai reaction * Houben–Fischer synthesis * Hudlicky fluorination * Huisgen cycloaddition *

Hunsdiecker reaction The Hunsdiecker reaction (also called the Borodin reaction or the Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction) is a name reaction in organic chemistry whereby silver salts of carboxylic acids react with a halogen to produce an organic halide. It is an exam ...

, Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction * Hurd-Mori 1,2,3-thiadiazole synthesis *

Hydroboration In organic chemistry, hydroboration refers to the addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to certain double and triple bonds involving carbon (, , , and ). This chemical reaction is useful in the organic synthesis of organic compounds. Hydroboration p ...

* Hydrocarbon cracking *

Hydrohalogenation A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrohalic acids like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. : If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different nu ...

I

* Indium mediated allylation *

Ing–Manske procedure The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines. Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. The reaction is named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel. The Gabriel reaction ...

Ipso substitution Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon. ''Ortho'', ''meta'', and ''para'' substitution * ...

Ireland–Claisen rearrangement The Ireland–Claisen rearrangement is a chemical reaction of an allylic ester with strong base to give an γ,δ-unsaturated carboxylic acid. Several reviews have been published. Mechanism The Ireland–Claisen rearrangement is a type of Clai ...

* Isay reaction *

Ishikawa reagent Ishikawa's reagent is a fluorinating reagent used in organic chemistry. It is used to convert alcohols into alkyl fluorides and carboxylic acids into acyl fluorides. Aldehydes and ketones do not react with it. The reagent consists of a mixture of ...

* ''trans-cis'' isomerism * Ivanov reagent,

Ivanov reaction The Ivanov reaction is the chemical reaction of the dianions (endiolates) of aryl acetic acids (Ivanov reagents) with electrophiles, primarily carbonyl compounds or isocyanates. The reaction was named after the Bulgarian organic chemist, Academicia ...

J

Jacobsen epoxidation The Jacobsen epoxidation, sometimes also referred to as Jacobsen-Katsuki epoxidation is a chemical reaction which allows enantioselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkyl- and aryl- substituted alkenes. It is complementary to the Sharpless e ...

* Jacobsen rearrangement * Janovsky reaction *

Japp–Klingemann reaction The Japp–Klingemann reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize hydrazones from β-keto-acids (or β-keto-esters) and aryl diazonium salts. The reaction is named after the chemists Francis Robert Japp and Felix Klingemann. : The hydrazo ...

*Japp–Maitland condensation *Jocic reaction *Claisen rearrangement#Johnson–Claisen rearrangement, Johnson–Claisen rearrangement *Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction *Jones oxidation *Jordan–Ullmann–Goldberg synthesis *Julia olefination, Julia–Lythgoe olefination

K

*Kabachnik–Fields reaction *Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction *Keck asymmetric allylation *Ketimine Mannich reaction *Ketone halogenation *Kiliani–Fischer synthesis *Kindler reaction *Kishner cyclopropane synthesis *Knoevenagel condensation *Knorr pyrazole synthesis *Knorr pyrrole synthesis *Knorr quinoline synthesis *Koch–Haaf reaction *Kochi reaction *Koenigs–Knorr reaction *Kolbe electrolysis *Kolbe nitrile synthesis *Kolbe–Schmitt reaction *Kornblum oxidation *Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement *Kostanecki acylation *Kowalski ester homologation *Krapcho decarboxylation *Krische allylation *Kröhnke aldehyde synthesis *Kröhnke oxidation *Kröhnke pyridine synthesis *Kucherov reaction *Kuhn–Winterstein reaction *Kulinkovich reaction *Kumada coupling

L

*Larock indole synthesis *Lawesson's reagent *Lebedev process *Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction *Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis *Letts nitrile synthesis *Leuckart reaction *Leuckart thiophenol reaction *Leuckart–Wallach reaction *Amide, Leuckart amide synthesis *Levinstein process *Ley oxidation *Lieben iodoform reaction,

*Liebeskind–Srogl coupling *Melamine, Liebig melamine synthesis *Lindlar catalyst *Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation *Lombardo methylenation *Lossen rearrangement *Lucas' reagent *Luche reduction

M

*Maillard reaction *Madelung synthesis *Malaprade reaction, Periodic acid oxidation *Malonic ester synthesis *Mannich reaction *Markó–Lam deoxygenation *Markovnikov's rule, Markownikoff rule, Markownikow rule *Marschalk reaction *Martinet dioxindole synthesis *Silyl ether#Monoprotection of symmetrical diols, McDougall monoprotection *McFadyen–Stevens reaction *McMurry reaction *Meerwein arylation *Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction *Meisenheimer rearrangement *Meissenheimer complex *Menshutkin reaction *Metal-ion-catalyzed σ-bond rearrangement *mesylate#Preparation, Mesylation *Merckwald asymmetric synthesis *Metallo-ene reaction *Methylation *Meyer and Hartmann reaction *Meyer reaction *Meyer synthesis *Meyer–Schuster rearrangement *Michael addition *Michael addition, Michael system *Michael condensation *Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction *Midland Alpine borane reduction *Mignonac reaction *Milas hydroxylation of olefins *Minisci reaction *Mislow–Evans rearrangement *Mitsunobu reaction *Miyaura borylation *Modified Wittig-Claisen tandem reaction *Molisch's test *Mozingo reduction *Mukaiyama aldol addition (Mukaiyama reaction) *Mukaiyama hydration *Myers' asymmetric alkylation

N

*Nametkin rearrangement *Narasaka–Prasad reduction *Nazarov cyclization reaction *Neber rearrangement *Nef reaction *Negishi coupling *Negishi zipper reaction *Nenitzescu indole synthesis *Nenitzescu reductive acylation *Newman–Kwart rearrangement *Nicholas reaction *Niementowski quinazoline synthesis *Niementowski quinoline synthesis *Nierenstein reaction *NIH shift *Ninhydrin, Ninhydrin test *Nitroaldol reaction *Nitrone-olefin 3+2 cycloaddition *Normant reagents *Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation *Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction *Nucleophilic acyl substitution

O

*Ohira–Bestmann reaction *Olah reagent *

*Oppenauer oxidation *Ostromyslenskii reaction, Ostromisslenskii reaction *Overman rearrangement *Pyruvate decarboxylation, Oxidative decarboxylation *Oxo synthesis *Oxy-Cope rearrangement *Oxymercuration *Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones *Ozonolysis

P

*Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis *Paal–Knorr synthesis *Paneth technique *Passerini reaction *Paternò–Büchi reaction *Pauson–Khand reaction *Payne rearrangement *Pechmann condensation *Pechmann pyrazole synthesis *Pellizzari reaction *Pelouze synthesis *Peptide synthesis *Perkin alicyclic synthesis *Perkin reaction *Perkin rearrangement *Perkow reaction *Petasis reaction *Petasis reagent *Peterson olefination *Peterson reaction *Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis *Pfau–Plattner azulene synthesis *Pfitzinger reaction *Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation *Phosphonium coupling *Photosynthesis *Piancatelli rearrangement *Pictet–Gams isoquinoline synthesis *Pictet–Hubert reaction *Pictet–Spengler tetrahydroisoquinoline synthesis *Pictet–Spengler reaction *Piloty–Robinson pyrrole synthesis *Pinacol coupling reaction *Pinacol rearrangement *Pinner amidine synthesis *Pinner method for ortho esters *Pinner reaction *Pinner triazine synthesis *Pinnick oxidation *Piria reaction *Polonovski reaction *Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction *Ponzio reaction *Prato reaction *Prelog strain *Prevost reaction *Prileschajew reaction *Prilezhaev reaction *Prins reaction *Prinzbach synthesis *Protecting group *Pschorr reaction *Pummerer rearrangement *Purdie methylation, Irvine–Purdie methylation *PUREX

Q

*Quelet reaction

R

*Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction *Raney nickel *Rap–Stoermer condensation *Raschig phenol process *Rauhut–Currier reaction *Racemization *Reductive amination *Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones *Reed reaction *Reformatskii reaction, Reformatsky reaction *Reilly–Hickinbottom rearrangement *Reimer–Tiemann reaction *Reissert indole synthesis *Reissert reaction, Reissert compound *Reppe synthesis *Retropinacol rearrangement *Rieche formylation *Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis *Riley oxidations *Olefin metathesis, Ring closing metathesis *Olefin metathesis, Ring opening metathesis *Ritter reaction *Robinson annulation *Robinson–Gabriel synthesis *Robinson Schopf reaction *Rosenmund reaction *Rosenmund reduction *Rosenmund–von Braun synthesis *Roskamp reaction *Rothemund reaction *Rupe rearrangement *Rubottom oxidation *Ruff–Fenton degradation *Ruzicka large-ring synthesis

S

*Saegusa–Ito oxidation *Sakurai reaction *Salol reaction *Sandheimer *Sandmeyer diphenylurea isatin synthesis *Sandmeyer isonitrosoacetanilide isatin synthesis *Sandmeyer reaction *Sanger reagent *Saponification *Sarett oxidation *Schiemann reaction *Schiff base, Schiff reaction *Schiff test *Schlenk equilibrium *Schlosser modification *Schlosser variant *Schmidlin ketene synthesis *Schmidt degradation *Schmidt reaction *Scholl reaction *Schorigin Shorygin reaction, Shorygin reaction, Wanklyn reaction *Schotten–Baumann reaction *Seliwanoff's test *Semidine rearrangement *Semmler–Wolff reaction *Seyferth–Gilbert homologation *Shapiro reaction *Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation *Sharpless epoxidation *Sharpless oxyamination or aminohydroxylation *Ene reaction, Shenck ene reaction *Shi epoxidation *Sigmatropic reaction *Simmons–Smith reaction *Simonini reaction *Simonis chromone cyclization *Electrochemical fluorination, Simons process *Skraup chinolin synthesis *Skraup reaction *Smiles rearrangement *SNAr, S_NAr nucleophilic aromatic substitution *SN1, S_N1 *SN2, S_N2 *SNi, S_Ni *Solvolysis *Sommelet reaction *Sonn–Müller method *Sonogashira coupling *Sørensen formol titration *Staedel–Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis *Stahl oxidation *Staudinger reaction *Staudinger synthesis *Steglich esterification *Stephen aldehyde synthesis *Stetter reaction *Stevens rearrangement *Stieglitz rearrangement *Stille coupling *Stobbe condensation *Stollé synthesis *Stork acylation *Stork enamine alkylation *Strecker amino acid synthesis *Strecker degradation *Strecker sulfite alkylation *Strecker synthesis *Stereocontrolled 1,2-addition to carbonyl groups *Suzuki coupling *Swain equation *Swarts reaction *Swern oxidation

T

*Tamao oxidation *Tafel rearrangement *Takai olefination *Tebbe olefination *ter Meer reaction *Thiele reaction *Thiol-yne reaction *Thorpe reaction *Tiemann rearrangement *Tiffeneau ring enlargement reaction *Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement *Tischtschenko reaction *Tishchenko reaction, Tishchenko–Claisen reaction *Tollens reagent *Transfer hydrogenation *Trapp mixture *Transesterification *Traube purine synthesis *Truce–Smiles rearrangement *Tscherniac–Einhorn reaction *Tschitschibabin reaction *Chugaev reaction, Tschugajeff reaction *Tsuji–Trost reaction *Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction *Twitchell process *Tyrer sulfonation process

U

*Ugi reaction *Ullmann reaction *Upjohn dihydroxylation *Urech cyanohydrin method *Urech hydantoin synthesis

V

*Van Leusen reaction *Van Slyke determination *Varrentrapp reaction *Vilsmeier reaction *Vilsmeier–Haack reaction *Voight amination *Volhard–Erdmann cyclization *von Braun amide degradation *von Braun reaction *von Richter cinnoline synthesis *von Richter reaction

W

*Wacker–Tsuji oxidation *Wagner-Jauregg reaction *Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement *Waits–Scheffer epoxidation *Walden inversion *Wallach rearrangement *Weerman degradation *Weinreb ketone synthesis *Wenker ring closure *Wenker synthesis *Wessely–Moser rearrangement *Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement *Wharton reaction *Whiting reaction *Wichterle reaction *Widman–Stoermer synthesis *Wilkinson catalyst *Willgerodt rearrangement *Willgerodt–Kindler reaction *Williamson ether synthesis *Winstein reaction *Wittig reaction *Wittig rearrangement: ** 1,2-Wittig rearrangement **

*Wittig–Horner reaction *Wohl degradation *Wohl–Aue reaction *Wohler synthesis *Wohl–Ziegler reaction *Wolffenstein–Böters reaction *Wolff rearrangement *Wolff–Kishner reduction *Woodward cis-hydroxylation *Woodward–Hoffmann rule *Wulff–Dötz reaction *Wurtz coupling, Wurtz reaction *Wurtz–Fittig reaction

Y

*Purine, Yamada–Okamoto purine synthesis *Yamaguchi esterification

Z

*Zaitsev's rule *Zeisel determination *Zerevitinov determination, Zerewitinoff determination *Ziegler condensation *Ziegler method *Zimmermann reaction *Zincke disulfide cleavage *Zincke nitration *Zincke reaction *Zincke–Suhl reaction *Zinin reduction

References

External links

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