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Following is a list of
marine reptile Marine reptiles are reptiles which have become secondarily adapted for an aquatic or semiaquatic life in a marine environment. The earliest marine reptile mesosaurus (not to be confused with mosasaurus), arose in the Permian period during the ...
s,
reptile Reptiles, as most commonly defined are the animals in the class Reptilia ( ), a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsids except birds. Living reptiles comprise turtles, crocodilians, squamates (lizards and snakes) and rhynchocephalians ( ...
s which are adapted to life in
marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...
or brackish environments.


Extant

The following marine reptiles are species which are currently
extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...
or recently extinct.


Crocodiles

:*''
Crocodylus ''Crocodylus'' is a genus of true crocodiles in the family Crocodylidae. Taxonomy The generic name, ''Crocodylus'', was proposed by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in 1768. ''Crocodylus'' contains 13–14 extant (living) species and 5 extinct species ...
'' ::''
Crocodylus acutus ''Crocodylus'' is a genus of true crocodiles in the family Crocodylidae. Taxonomy The generic name, ''Crocodylus'', was proposed by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in 1768. ''Crocodylus'' contains 13–14 extant (living) species and 5 extinct spec ...
'' (American crocodile) ::'' Crocodylus porosus'' (Saltwater crocodile)


Lizards Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The group is paraphyletic since it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia althou ...

:* Iguanidae ::*'' Amblyrhynchus'' ::::''
Amblyrhynchus cristatus The marine iguana (''Amblyrhynchus cristatus''), also known as the sea iguana, saltwater iguana, or Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Unique among modern lizards, it is a marine repti ...
'' (Marine iguana) :* Varanidae ::*'' Varanus'' ::::'' Varanus indicus'' (Mangrove monitor)


Snakes Snakes are elongated, limbless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes . Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joi ...

:*
Acrochordidae The Acrochordidae, commonly known as wart snakes, Java wart snakes, file snakes, elephant trunk snakes, or dogface snakes are a monogeneric family created for the genus ''Acrochordus''. This is a group of basal aquatic snakes found in Australia a ...
(Filesnakes) ::*''
Acrochordus The Acrochordidae, commonly known as wart snakes, Java wart snakes, file snakes, elephant trunk snakes, or dogface snakes are a monogeneric family created for the genus ''Acrochordus''. This is a group of basal aquatic snakes found in Australia a ...
'' ::::''
Acrochordus arafurae :''Common names: Arafura File snake, Elephant Trunk Snake or wrinkle file snake.'' ''Acrochordus arafurae'' is an aquatic snake species found in northern Australia and New Guinea. No subspecies are currently recognized. This snake was first desc ...
'' (Arafura filesnake) ::::''
Acrochordus granulatus ''Acrochordus granulatus'' is a snake species found from India through Southeast Asia to the Solomon Islands. It is known as the little file snake, marine file snake, and little wart snake.
'' (Little filesnake) ::::''
Acrochordus javanicus The elephant trunk snake or the Javan file snake (''Acrochordus javanicus''), is a species of snake in the family Acrochordidae, a family which represents a group of primitive non-venomous aquatic snakes. Description The elephant trunk snake po ...
'' (Javan file snake) :* Dipsadinae ::*''
Farancia ''Farancia'' is a genus of colubrid snakes. It consists of two species, one commonly referred to as the rainbow snake (''F. erytrogramma'') and the other commonly referred to as the mud snake (''F. abacura''). Both species are native to the sout ...
'' ::::''
Farancia abacura The mud snake (''Farancia abacura'') is a species of nonvenomous, semiaquatic, colubrid snake endemic to the southeastern United States. Description The mud snake usually grows to a total length (including tail) of 40 to 54 inches (1-1.4 m),M ...
'' (Mud snake) ::::''
Farancia erythrogrammus ''Farancia'' is a genus of colubrid snakes. It consists of two species, one commonly referred to as the rainbow snake (''F. erytrogramma'') and the other commonly referred to as the mud snake (''F. abacura''). Both species are native to the sout ...
'' (Rainbow snake) ::*'' Helicops'' ::::''
Helicops angulatus The brown-banded water snake (''Helicops angulatus'') is a species of aquatic snake found in tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It is also known as the water mapepire. Description The brown-banded water snake grows to a maximum tot ...
'' (Brown-banded water snake) ::::''
Helicops infrataeniatus ''Helicops infrataeniatus'' is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small p ...
'' ::::'' Helicops scalaris'' ::*'' Hydrops'' ::::''
Hydrops triangularis ''Hydrops triangularis'', commonly known as the water false coral snake, triangle water snake, triangle watersnake, or water coral, is a species of snake endemic to northern South America and the Amazon Basin. Geographic range ''Hydrops triangul ...
'' ::*''
Leptodeira ''Leptodeira'' is a genus of colubrid snakes commonly referred to as cat-eyed snakes. The genus consists of 17 species that are native to primarily Mexico and Central America, but range as far north as the Rio Grande Valley region of Texas in Uni ...
'' ::::'' Leptodeira rubricata'' (Costa Rican cat-eyed snake) ::*'' Pseudoeryx'' ::::''
Pseudoeryx relictualis ''Pseudoeryx'' is a genus of snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae.. Species * ''Pseudoeryx plicatilis ''Pseudoeryx'' is a genus of snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae.. Species * '' Pseudoeryx plicatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Pseudoeryx ...
'' ::*'' Tretanorhinus'' ::::'' Tretanorhinus nigroluteus'' ::::'' Tretanorhinus variabilis'' :*
Grayiinae ''Grayia'' is a genus of snakes, commonly referred to as African water snakes, in the family Colubridae. The genus, which is native to tropical Africa, is the only genus in the colubrid subfamily Grayiinae. ''Grayia'' species are relatively poo ...
::*'' Grayia'' ::::''
Grayia smythii ''Grayia'' may refer to: * ''Grayia'' (snake), a genus of African water snakes * ''Grayia'' (plant), a genus of desert shrubs in the family Amaranthaceae {{Genus disambiguation ...
'' (Smith's African water snake) :*
Homalopsidae The Homalopsidae are a family of snakes which contains about 28 genus, genera and more than 50 species. They are commonly known as Indo-Australian water snakes, mudsnakes, or bockadams. They are also known as ''ular air'' (lit. "water snake") in ...
(Bockadams) ::*'' Bitia hydroides'' (Keel-bellied water snake) ::*''
Cantoria violacea ''Cantoria violacea'', commonly known as Cantor's water snake, is a species of snake found in tropical Asia. It is named in honor of the 19th century herpetologist Theodore Cantor. Description Rostral broader than deep. Frontal a little longer ...
'' (Cantor's water snake) ::*'' Cerberus'' (Dog-faced water snakes) ::::'' Cerberus australis'' ::::''
Cerberus dunsoni In Greek mythology, Cerberus (; grc-gre, Κέρβερος ''Kérberos'' ), often referred to as the hound of Hades, is a multi-headed dog that guards the gates of the Underworld to prevent the dead from leaving. He was the offspring of the m ...
'' ::::''
Cerberus microlepis In Greek mythology, Cerberus (; grc-gre, Κέρβερος ''Kérberos'' ), often referred to as the hound of Hades, is a multi-headed dog that guards the gates of the Underworld to prevent the dead from leaving. He was the offspring of the m ...
'' ::::''
Cerberus rynchops ''Cerberus rynchops'', also known as the New Guinea bockadam, South Asian bockadam, bockadam snake, or dog-faced water snake, is a mildly venomous species of a snake in the family Homalopsidae. It is native to coastal waters of South and South ...
'' ::::'' Cerberus schneiderii'' ::*''
Djokoiskandarus annulata ''Djokoiskandarus'' is a genus of snake in the family Homalopsidae The Homalopsidae are a family of snakes which contains about 28 genus, genera and more than 50 species. They are commonly known as Indo-Australian water snakes, mudsnakes, or b ...
'' (Banded water snake) ::*''
Myrrophis ''Myrrophis'' is a genus of snakes in the family Homalopsidae.. Species *'' Myrrophis bennettii'' (Gray, 1842) *'' Myrrophis chinensis'' (Gray, 1842) References Further reading * Kumar AB, Sanders KL, George S George may refer to: People ...
'' ::::''
Myrrophis bennettii ''Myrrophis'' is a genus of snakes in the family Homalopsidae.. Species *'' Myrrophis bennettii'' (Gray, 1842) *'' Myrrophis chinensis'' (Gray, 1842) References Further reading * Kumar AB, Sanders KL, George S George may refer to: People ...
'' (Bennett's mud snake) ::*''
Fordonia leucobalia ''Fordonia leucobalia'' is an aquatic snake known by the common names crab-eating water snake and white-bellied mangrove snake. It is a common resident of mangrove swamps and tropical tidal wetlands from coast of Southeast Asia to Indonesia a ...
'' (White-bellied mangrove snake) ::*'' Myron'' ::::''
Myron karnsi ''Myron karnsi'', also known as the Aru mangrove snake or Karns' mangrove snake, is a species of venomous homalopsid snake native to the Aru Islands of Indonesia. The specific epithet ''karnsi'' honours herpetologist Daryl Karns of the Field Mu ...
'' ::::''
Myron resetari ''Myron resetari'', also known as the Broome mangrove snake or Resetar's mangrove snake, is a species of venomous homalopsid snake native to the marine waters of north-western Australia. The specific epithet ''resetari'' honours herpetologist Al ...
'' ::::'' Myron richardsonii '' :* Hydrophiinae (Sea snakes) ::*'' Aipysurus'' ::::''
Aipysurus eydouxii ''Aipysurus eydouxii'', commonly known as the beaded sea snake, marbled seasnake, or spine-tailed seasnake, is a species of sea snake in the family Elapidae. This species of snake is unusual amongst sea snakes in that it feeds exclusively on fish ...
'' (Spine-tailed sea snake) ::::''
Aipysurus laevis ''Aipysurus laevis'' is a species of venomous sea snake found in the Indo-Pacific. Its common names include golden sea snake, olive sea snake, and olive-brown sea snake. The olive sea snake swims using a paddle-like tail. It has brownish and pur ...
'' (Olive sea snake) ::*''
Astrotia stokesii Stokes's sea snake (''Hydrophis stokesii'') is a large species of sea snake in the family Elapidae. It is sometimes placed in its own genus ''Astrotia''. The species is endemic to tropical Indo-Pacific oceanic waters. Etymology Both the specifi ...
'' (Stoke's sea snake) ::*''
Disteira ''Hydrophis'' is a genus of sea snakes, venomous snakes in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. Species in the genus ''Hydrophis'' are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 species are ...
'' ::::''
Disteira major The olive-headed sea snake (''Hydrophis major''), also known as the greater sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae. Geographic range It is found in the eastern Indian and western central Pacific Ocean in the wat ...
'' (Olive-headed or greater sea snake) ::::''
Disteira nigrocincta ''Hydrophis nigrocinctus'' is a species of marine venomous snakes in the family Elapidae (Hydrophiinae-sea snake). Habitat This species is found in the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal: Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka and ...
'' ::::''
Disteira walli ''Hydrophis nigrocinctus'' is a species of marine venomous snakes in the family Elapidae (Hydrophiinae-sea snake). Habitat This species is found in the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal: Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka and ...
'' (Wall's sea snake) ::*''
Enhydrina schistosa ''Enhydrina schistosa'', commonly known as the beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, or the Valakadeyan sea snake, is a highly venomous species of sea snake common throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific. This species is implic ...
'' (Beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, Valakadyn sea snake) ::*''
Enhydrina zweifeli ''Enhydrina zweifeli'' is a species of snakes found from New Guinea to Australia (Northern Territory and Queensland). In the past they were thought to be '' Enhydrina schistosa'', but after DNA testing are now provisionally identified as ''Enhydr ...
'' (Sepik or Zweifel’s beaked seasnake) ::*''
Hydrophis ''Hydrophis'' is a genus of sea snakes, venomous snakes in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. Species in the genus ''Hydrophis'' are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 species are ...
'' ::::'' Hydrophis belcheri'' (Faint-banded sea snake, Belcher's sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis bituberculatus'' (Peters' sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis brooki'' ::::'' Hydrophis caerulescens'' (Dwarf sea snake) ::::''
Hydrophis cantoris ''Hydrophis cantoris'', also known commonly as Cantor's narrow-headed sea snake and Cantor's small-headed sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae. Etymology The specific name, ''cantoris'', is in honor of Danish zo ...
'' ::::'' Hydrophis cyanocinctus'' (Annulated sea snake, blue-banded sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis fasciatus'' (Striped sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis gracilis'' (Graceful small-headed sea snake, slender sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis inornatus'' (Plain sea snake) ::::''
Hydrophis klossi ''Hydrophis klossi'', commonly known as Kloss's sea snake or Kloss' sea snake, is a species of sea snake in the family Elapidae. Like all other sea snakes, it is venomous. The species is endemic to the Indian Ocean. Geographic range ''H. kloss ...
'' (Kloss' sea snake) ::::''
Hydrophis lapemoides ''Hydrophis lapemoides'' is a species of snake in the family Elapidae known commonly as the Persian Gulf sea snake.Hydrophis mamillaris ''Hydrophis mamillaris'', sometimes referred to as the Bombay sea snake or broad-banded sea snake is a species of venomous sea snake native to the Indian Ocean. It is a poorly studied and surveyed species, with few records and a dubious type spec ...
'' (Bombay sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis melanocephalus'' (Slender-necked sea snake) ::::''
Hydrophis obscurus ''Hydrophis obscurus'', commonly known as Russell's sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae. Distribution This snake-species is found in the Indian Ocean (India, Myanmar ormerly Burma Bangladesh) and Thailand. It m ...
'' (Russell's sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis ornatus'' (Ornate reef sea snake) ::::''
Hydrophis semperi ''Hydrophis semperi'', commonly known as the Lake Taal snake, Garman's sea snake, the Philippine freshwater sea snake, and the Luzon sea snake, is a rare species of venomous sea snake found only in a single lake on the island of Luzon in the Ph ...
'' (Garman's sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis spiralis'' (Yellow sea snake) ::::''
Hydrophis stricticollis ''Hydrophis stricticollis'', commonly called the collared sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae. Description Scales on thickest part of body subquadrangular or hexagonal in shape, feebly imbricate or juxtaposed; ...
'' (Collared sea snake) ::::'' Hydrophis viperinus'' ::*''
Kerilia jerdonii Jerdon's sea snake (''Hydrophis jerdonii'' ; ''Distira jerdonii'' or ''Kerilia jerdonii'') is a species of venomous sea snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae. Etymology The specific name, ''jerdonii'', is in honor of British zoologist Thomas C. J ...
'' (Jerdon's sea snake) ::*''
Kolpophis annandalei ''Hydrophis annandalei'', commonly known as Annandale's sea snake or the bighead sea snake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. The species, which is sometimes placed in its own genus ''Kolpophis'' ...
'' (Bighead sea snake) ::*'' Lapemis'' ::::''
Lapemis curtus ''Hydrophis curtus'', also known as Shaw's Sea Snake, short sea snake, but often includes '' Hydrophis hardwickii''Gritis, P. & H. K. Voris 1990 Variability and significance of parietal and ventral scales in the marine snakes of the genus Lapemis ...
'' (Shaw's sea snake) ::::''
Lapemis hardwickii The spine-bellied sea snake (''Hydrophis hardwickii''), also commonly known as Hardwicke's sea snake and Hardwicke's spine-bellied sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae. Etymology The specific name, ''hardwickii'', ...
'' (Hardwicke's spine-bellied sea snake) ::*'' Laticauda'' ::::'' Laticauda colubrina'' (Colubrine sea krait, yellow-lipped sea krait) ::::'' Laticauda laticaudata'' (Blue-lipped sea krait) ::*''
Pelamis platurus The yellow-bellied sea snake (''Hydrophis platurus'') is a venomous species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae (the sea snakes) found in tropical oceanic waters around the world except for the Atlantic Ocean. For many years, it was place ...
'' (Yellowbelly sea snake, pelagic sea snake) ::*'' Thalassophis'' ::::''
Thalassophis anomalus The anomalous sea snake (''Hydrophis anomalus'') is a species of sea snake Sea snakes, or coral reef snakes, are elapid snakes that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives. They belong to two subfamilies, Hydrophiinae and ...
'' (Anomalous sea snake)


Sea turtles

:*
Dermochelyidae Dermochelyidae is a family of turtles which has seven extinct genera and one extant genus, including the largest living sea turtles. Classification of known genera The following list of dermochelyid species was published by Hirayama and Tong in ...
::'' Dermochelys coriacea'' (leatherback sea turtle) :* Cheloniidae ::'' Caretta caretta'' (Loggerhead sea turtle) ::'' Lepidochelys kempii'' (Kemp's ridley) ::'' Lepidochelys olivacea'' (Olive ridley) ::'' Chelonia mydas'' (Green sea turtle) ::'' Eretmochelys imbricata'' (Hawksbill sea turtle) ::'' Natator depressus'' (Flatback sea turtle)


Extinct

From the Permian to the present day there have been numerous groups of
extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
reptiles that adapted to life in the marine realm:


Mesosaurs Mesosaurs ("middle lizards") were a group of small aquatic reptiles that lived during the early Permian period, roughly Geologic time scale, 299 to 270 million years ago. Mesosaurs were the first known aquatic reptiles, having apparently returne ...

* Mesosauridae:
Early Permian 01 or '01 may refer to: * The year 2001, or any year ending with 01 * The month of January * 1 (number) Music * '01 (Richard Müller album), 01'' (Richard Müller album), 2001 * 01 (Son of Dave album), ''01'' (Son of Dave album), 2000 * 01 (Urban ...
:''
Stereosternum ''Stereosternum tumidum'' (meaning "rigid chest") (Stereos, Greek: “solid, firm”; Sternon, Greek: “chest, breastbone”) is an extinct genus of mesosaur marine reptile from the Early Permian of Brazil and also the Great Karoo Basin of Sout ...
'' :'' Mesosaurus''


Phytosaurs

*
Pseudopalatinae Mystriosuchini, historically known as Pseudopalatinae, is an extinct tribe (formerly subfamily) of derived phytosaurs in the clade Leptosuchomorpha. As with all other phytosaurs, mystriosuchins lived during Late Triassic. The name is derived from ...
: Late Triassic :''
Mystriosuchus ''Mystriosuchus'' (meaning "spoon-crocodile")
Retrieved on May 25th, 2008. is an
''


Squamates

*Dolichosauridae: Late Cretaceous :''
Adriosaurus ''Adriosaurus'' is an extinct genus of squamate which lived in what is now Slovenia and other parts of Europe during the Late Cretaceous. It was snake-like and grew up to in length. This is the first fossil record of vestigial limbs in lizards. ...
'' :'' Dolichosaurus'' :''
Judeasaurus ''Judeasaurus'' is an extinct genus of small, aquatic varanoid lizard related to the mosasauroids. The only known specimen is from the Late Cretaceous of the Middle East, though its exact provenance is uncertain. Description The specimen co ...
'' * Mosasauroidea :* Aigialosauridae ::
Opetiosaurus ''Opetiosaurus'' is an extinct genus of Late Cretaceous marine or semiaquatic lizard classified as part of the family Aigialosauridae within the Mosasauroidea. Exclusively found in deposits of Cenomanian age near Hvar, Croatia , image_flag ...
::
Aigialosaurus ''Aigialosaurus'' is an extinct genus of Late Cretaceous marine or semiaquatic lizard classified as part of the family Aigialosauridae within the Mosasauroidea. Exclusively found in deposits of Cenomanian age near Hvar, Croatia, the genus conta ...
:: Portunatasaurus :* Mosasauridae ::*''
Kaganaias ''Kaganaias'' (meaning ' Kaga water nymph') is an extinct genus of basal and oldest dolichosaur that lived in what is now Japan during the Early Cretaceous. ''Kaganaias'' was semi-aquatic and is the only known aquatic squamate known from befor ...
'' ::*
Mosasaurinae The Mosasaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs, a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates. Members of the subfamily are informally and collectively known as "mosasaurines" and their fossils have been recovered from every continent except ...
:::''
Carinodens ''Carinodens'' is an extinct genus of Cretaceous marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. "''Carinodens''" means "keel teeth" and was named in 1969 as a replacement name for ''Compressidens'', "compressed teeth", which was already in use ...
'' :::'' Clidastes'' :::'' Dallasaurus'' :::''
Globidens ''Globidens'' ("Globe teeth") is an extinct genus of mosasaur lizard classified as part of the Globidensini tribe in the Mosasaurinae subfamily. ''Globidens alabamaensis'' was the first species of ''Globidens'' described, in a publication b ...
'' :::''
Mosasaurus ''Mosasaurus'' (; "lizard of the Meuse River") is the type genus (defining example) of the mosasaurs, an extinct group of aquatic squamate reptiles. It lived from about 82 to 66 million years ago during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages o ...
'' :::''
Plotosaurus ''Plotosaurus'' ("swimmer lizard") is an extinct genus of mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Fresno County, California. Originally named '' Kolposaurus'' (meaning "bay lizard") by Berkeley paleontologist Charles Lewis Camp in 1 ...
'' :::''
Prognathodon ''Prognathodon'' is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera like ''Mosasaurus'' and ''Clidastes''. ''Prognathodon'' has been recovered from depos ...
'' ::* Halisaurinae :::''
Eonatator ''Eonatator'' is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is a close relative of ''Halisaurus'', and part of the same subfamily, the Halisaurinae. It is known from the Late Cretaceous of North America, Colombia and S ...
'' :::''
Halisaurus ''Halisaurus'' is an extinct genus of marine reptile belonging to the mosasaur family. The holotype, consisting of an angular and a basicranium fragment discovered near Hornerstown, New Jersey, already revealed a relatively unique combination ...
'' ::*
Tylosaurinae The Tylosaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs,Williston, S. W. 1897. Range and distribution of the mosasaurs with remarks on synonymy. ''Kansas University Quarterly'' 4(4):177-185. a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates. Members of t ...
:::''
Hainosaurus ''Tylosaurus'' (from the ancient Greek (') 'protuberance, knob' + Greek (') 'lizard') is a genus of mosasaur, a large, predatory marine reptile closely related to modern monitor lizards and to snakes, from the Late Cretaceous. Description ...
'' :::'' Tylosaurus'' :::''
Taniwhasaurus ''Taniwhasaurus'' (from the Māori ''taniwha'', a supernatural, aquatic creature, and the Greek (), meaning lizard) is an extinct genus of mosasaur (carnivorous marine lizards) which inhabited New Zealand, South Africa, Japan and Antarctica.Cald ...
'' ::* Plioplatecarpinae :::''
Platecarpus ''Platecarpus'' ("flat wrist") is an extinct genus of aquatic lizards belonging to the mosasaur family, living around 84–81 million years ago during the middle Santonian to early Campanian, of the Late Cretaceous period. Fossils have been found ...
'' :::'' Plioplatecarpus'' :::''
Selmasaurus ''Selmasaurus'' is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Plioplatecarpinae subfamily alongside genera like '' Angolasaurus'' and ''Platecarpus''. Two species are known, ''S. russelli'' ...
'' * Ophidia :*
Simoliophiidae Simoliophiidae is an extinct family of limbed Tethyan marine snakes of the order Squamata Squamata (, Latin ''squamatus'', 'scaly, having scales') is the largest order of reptiles, comprising lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians (worm liz ...
: Late Cretaceous ::'' Eupodophis'' ::'' Haasiophis'' ::''
Pachyophis ''Pachyophis'' is an extinct genus of Simoliophiidae snakes that were extant during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. More specifically, it was found to be from the Cenomanian Age about 93.9-100.5 million years ago in the subur ...
'' ::'' Pachyrhachis'' :* Palaeophiidae: Late Cretaceous - Eocene ::''
Archaeophis ''Archaeophis'' is an extinct genus of snake from the Eocene of Monte Bolca Monte Bolca is a lagerstätte near Verona, Italy that was one of the first fossil sites with high quality preservation known to Europeans, and is still an important ...
'' ::'' Palaeophis'' ::''Pterosphenus''


Protorosaur Protorosauria is an extinct polyphyletic group of archosauromorph reptiles from the latest Middle Permian (Capitanian stage) to the end of the Late Triassic ( Rhaetian stage) of Asia, Europe and North America. It was named by the English anato ...
s

*''
Dinocephalosaurus ''Dinocephalosaurus'' (meaning "terrible-headed reptile") is a genus of long necked, aquatic protorosaur that inhabited the Triassic seas of China. The genus contains the type and only known species, ''D. orientalis'', which was named by Li in ...
'': Middle Triassic *'' Tanystropheus'': Middle Triassic


Sauropterygians

* Placodonts: Triassic ::'' Cyamodus'' ::'' Henodus'' ::''
Paraplacodus ''Paraplacodus broilli'' is an extinct placodont sauropterygian from the middle Triassic period, from the Anisian until Ladinian stages. The fossils were uncovered in Northern Italy and the species was named in 1931 by Bernhard Peyer. ''Paraplac ...
'' ::'' Placochelys'' ::'' Placodus'' ::''
Psephoderma ''Psephoderma'' (meaning "pebbly skin", from the Ancient Greek ''psepho'' (ψῆφος), "pebbly", and ''derma'' (δέρμα), "skin") is a genus of placodonts very similar to the related genera ''Placochelys'' and ''Cyamodus''. ''Psephoderma'' ha ...
'' *
Nothosaur Nothosaurs (order Nothosauroidea) were Triassic marine sauropterygian reptiles that may have lived like seals of today, catching food in water but coming ashore on rocks and beaches. They averaged about in length, with a long body and tail.F. v. ...
s: Triassic ::'' Lariosaurus'' ::''
Nothosaurus ''Nothosaurus'' ("false lizard", from the Ancient Greek (), "illegitimate", and (), "lizard") is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile from the Triassic period, approximately 240–210 million years ago, with fossils being distributed from ...
'' * Pachypleurosaurs: Triassic ::''
Anarosaurus ''Anarosaurus'' is an extinct genus of pachypleurosaurs that lived in the Middle Triassic period (Anisian) and has been found in the Jena Formation and the Karlstadt Formation of Germany and the Winterswijk Quarry ( Lower Muschelkalk) of The Neth ...
'' ::''
Dactylosaurus ''Dactylosaurus'' is a genus of nothosaur in the family Pachypleurosauridae. Along with '' Anarosaurus'', ''Dactylosaurus'' was one of the earliest known pachypleurosaurs to come from Europe.Keichousaurus ''Keichousaurus'' (key-cho-saurus) is a genus of marine reptile in the pachypleurosaur family which went extinct at the close of the Triassic in the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event. The name derives from Kweichow (now Guizhou Province) in Ch ...
'' ::'' Neusticosaurus (Pachypleurosaurus)'' *''
Pistosaurus ''Pistosaurus'' (''pistos'' in Greek meaning 'credible' and ''sauros'' 'lizard') is an extinct genus of aquatic sauropterygian reptile closely related to plesiosaurs. Fossils have been found in France and Germany, and date to the Middle Triassi ...
'':Middle Triassic * Plesiosaurs: Early Jurassic - Late Cretaceous :*
Plesiosauroids Plesiosauroidea (; Greek: 'near, close to' and 'lizard') is an extinct clade of carnivorous marine reptiles. They have the snake-like longest neck to body ratio of any reptile. Plesiosauroids are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous p ...
: Early Jurassic - Late Cretaceous :**'' Plesiosaurus'' :**
Cimoliasauridae Elasmosauridae is an extinct family of plesiosaurs, often called elasmosaurs. They had the longest necks of the plesiosaurs and existed from the Hauterivian to the Maastrichtian stages of the Cretaceous, and represented one of the two groups of p ...
:**
Cryptoclididae Cryptoclididae is a family (biology), family of medium-sized plesiosaurs that existed from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. They had long necks, broad and short skulls and densely packed teeth. They fed on small soft-bodied preys such ...
:::''
Cryptoclidus ''Cryptoclidus'' ( ) is a genus of plesiosaur reptile from the Middle Jurassic Period (geology), period of England, France, and Cuba. Discovery ''Cryptoclidus'' was a plesiosaur whose specimens include adult and juvenile skeletons, and remai ...
'' :::''
Microcleidus ''Microcleidus'' is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile belonging to the Plesiosauroidea. The species has 40 neck vertebrae and a short tail of 28 vertebrae. Fossils of the genus have been found in France, the Posidonia Shale in Germany an ...
'' :::''
Muraenosaurus ''Muraenosaurus'' (from the Latin "'' Muraena''" meaning "eel" and "''Sauros''" meaning lizard) is an extinct genus of cryptoclidid plesiosaur reptile from the Oxford Clay of Southern England. The genus was given its name due to the eel-like ...
'' ::*
Elasmosauridae Elasmosauridae is an extinct family of plesiosaurs, often called elasmosaurs. They had the longest necks of the plesiosaurs and existed from the Hauterivian to the Maastrichtian stages of the Cretaceous, and represented one of the two groups of p ...
:::''
Elasmosaurus ''Elasmosaurus'' (;) is a genus of plesiosaur that lived in North America during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, about 80.5million years ago. The first specimen was discovered in 1867 near Fort Wallace, Kansas, US, and was se ...
'' :::''
Futabasaurus ''Futabasaurus'' is a genus of plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Fukushima, Japan. It was described and named in 2006, and was assigned to the family Elasmosauridae. The genus contains one species, ''F. suzukii''. Description The size of ...
'' :::''
Hydrotherosaurus ''Hydrotherosaurus'' (meaning "water beast lizard") is an extinct genus of elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian stage) Moreno Formation of Fresno County, California, USA. The only known species, ''H. alexandrae'', was ...
'' :::''
Libonectes ''Libonectes'' is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile belonging to the plesiosaur order. It is known from specimens found in the Britton Formation of Texas (USA) and the Akrabou Formation of Morocco, which have been dated to the lower Tur ...
'' :::''
Mauisaurus ''Mauisaurus'' ("Māui lizard") is a dubious genus of plesiosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now New Zealand. Numerous specimens have been attributed to this genus in the past, but a 2017 paper restricts ''Mauisaurus ...
'' :::''
Thalassomedon ''Thalassomedon'' (from Greek, ''thalassa'', "sea" and Greek, ''medon'', "lord" or "ruler", meaning "sea lord") is a genus of plesiosaur, named by Welles in 1943. Description ''Thalassomedon'' is among the largest elasmosaurids, with a total ...
'' ::*
Polycotylidae Polycotylidae is a family of plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous, a sister group to Leptocleididae. Polycotylids first appeared during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous, before becoming abundant and widespread during the early Late Cretaceous. ...
:::''
Dolichorhynchops ''Dolichorhynchops'' is an extinct genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous (early Turonian to late Campanian stage) of North America, containing three species, ''D. osborni'', ''D. bonneri'' and ''D. tropicensis'', as well as a ...
'' :::''
Edgarosaurus ''Edgarosaurus'' is a genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Thermopolis Shale, containing one species, ''E. muddi''.Druckenmiller, PS, 2002. "Osteology of a new plesiosaur from the lower Cretaceous (Albian) Thermopolis Shale of Montana". ''Jo ...
'' :::''
Manemergus ''Manemergus'' is a genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Morocco. ''Manemergus'' was described in 2005 and contains only one species, ''M. anguirostris''. The type specimen was discovered close to the town of G ...
'' :::''
Sulcusuchus ''Sulcusuchus'' is a genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Campanian of Argentina. Description The type species ''Sulcusuchus erraini'' was named in 1990 by Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini and Luis Spalletti. It was at first considered t ...
'' :::''
Thililua ''Thililua'' is a genus of polycotylid plesiosaur, containing one species, ''T. longicollis''. Discovery The name ''Thililua'' is derived from that of an ancient aquatic god from local Berber mythology; ''longicollis'' refers to the animal's lo ...
'' :::''
Trinacromerum ''Trinacromerum'' is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile, a member of the polycotylid plesiosaurs. It contains two species, ''T. bentonianum'' and ''T. kirki''. Specimens have been discovered in the Late Cretaceous fossil deposits of what ...
'' :*
Pliosaurs Pliosauroidea is an extinct clade of plesiosaurs, known from the earliest Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous. They are best known for the subclade Thalassophonea, which contained crocodile-like short-necked forms with large heads and massive too ...
: Early Jurassic - Late Cretaceous ::''
Kronosaurus ''Kronosaurus'' ( ; meaning "lizard of Kronos") is a potentially dubious genus of extinct short-necked pliosaur. With an estimated length of , it was among the largest pliosaurs, and is named after the leader of the Greek Titans, Kronos. It l ...
'' ::''
Liopleurodon ''Liopleurodon'' (; meaning 'smooth-sided teeth') is an extinct genus of large, carnivorous marine reptile belonging to the Thalassophonea, a clade of short-necked pliosaurid plesiosaurs. ''Liopleurodon'' lived from the Callovian Stage of the Mi ...
'' ::'' Macroplata'' ::'' Peloneustes'' ::'' Rhomaleosaurus'' ::''
Umoonasaurus ''Umoonasaurus'' is an extinct genus of plesiosaur belonging to the family Leptocleididae. This genus lived approximately 115 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period ( Aptian-Albian stages), in shallow seas covering parts of what is ...
'' :: Sachicasaurus


Ichthyosaur Ichthyosaurs (Ancient Greek for "fish lizard" – and ) are large extinct marine reptiles. Ichthyosaurs belong to the order known as Ichthyosauria or Ichthyopterygia ('fish flippers' – a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1842, altho ...
s

:: Ichthyosaurus :: Shastasaurus ::
Shonisaurus ''Shonisaurus'' is a very large genus of ichthyosaur. At least 37 incomplete fossil specimens of the marine reptile have been found in the Luning Formation of Nevada, USA. This formation dates to the late Carnian age of the late Triassic period, ...


Choristoderes Choristodera (from the Greek χωριστός ''chōristos'' + δέρη ''dérē'', 'separated neck') is an extinct order of semiaquatic diapsid reptiles that ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Triassic, to the late Miocene (168 to ...

*''
Champsosaurus ''Champsosaurus'' is an extinct genus of crocodile-like choristodere reptile, known from the Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods of North America and Europe (Campanian-Paleocene). The name ''Champsosaurus'' is thought to come from , () sa ...
'' *''
Simoedosaurus ''Simoedosaurus'' is an extinct reptile known from the Paleocene of North America, Europe and western Asia, and a member of the Choristodera, a group of aquatic reptiles that lived in the Northern Hemisphere from the Jurassic to the early Cenoz ...
'' *?''
Pachystropheus ''Pachystropheus'' (After Greek ''Pachys'', "Thick" and ''Strophaios'', Vertebrae) is a genus of prehistoric reptile, possibly a choristodere (champsosaur), from the Rhaetian (Late Triassic) of southwestern England. It was named by Erika von H ...
'' (sometimes considered a thalattosaur) *?''
Actiosaurus ''Actiosaurus'' (meaning "coast lizard") is an extinct genus of reptile first described by Henri Sauvage in 1883 from Antully bonebed, Autun (Triassic of France). The type species is ''A. gaudryi'' (commonly misspelled ''A. gaudrii'' after Boulen ...
''


Crocodylomorph Crocodylomorpha is a group of pseudosuchian archosaurs that includes the crocodilians and their extinct relatives. They were the only members of Pseudosuchia to survive the end-Triassic extinction. During Mesozoic and early Cenozoic times, cro ...
s

* Thalattosuchia: Early Jurassic - Early Cretaceous :* Metriorhynchoidea ::'' Eoneustes'' ::'' Teleidosaurus'' ::'' Zoneait'' ::''
Aggiosaurus ''Aggiosaurus'' is an extinct genus of geosaurine metriorhynchid crocodyliform known from the Late Jurassic (late Oxfordian stage) of Nice, southeastern France. It contains a single species, ''Aggiosaurus nicaeensis'', which was named by H. Amba ...
'' ::'' Dakosaurus'' ::''
Enaliosuchus ''Enaliosuchus'' is a dubious genus of extinct marine crocodyliform within the family Metriorhynchidae that lived during the Valanginian stage of the Early Cretaceous. It is known from fossil remains found in France and Germany and it was firs ...
'' ::''
Geosaurus ''Geosaurus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform within the family Metriorhynchidae, that lived during the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. ''Geosaurus'' was a carnivore that spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. No ''Geosa ...
'' ::'' Metriorhynchus'' ::''
Neustosaurus ''Neustosaurus'' is a genus of marine crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous. ''Neustosaurus'' was a carnivore that spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. No ''Neustosaurus'' eggs or nest have been discovered, so little is known of the ...
'' ::'' Purranisaurus'' ::'' Teleidosaurus'' :* Teleosauridae ::''
Machimosaurus ''Machimosaurus'' is an extinct genus of machimosaurid crocodyliform from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian and Tithonian) and Early Cretaceous. The type species, ''Machimosaurus hugii'', was found in Switzerland. Other fossils have been found ...
'' ::'' Pelagosaurus'' ::'' Platysuchus'' ::''
Teleosaurus ''Teleosaurus'' (from el, τέλειος , 'perfect' and el, σαῦρος , 'lizard') is an extinct genus of teleosaurid crocodyliform found in the Middle Jurassic Calcaire de Caen Formation of France. It was approximately in length and w ...
'' ::'' Steneosaurus'' *
Tethysuchia Tethysuchia is an extinct clade of neosuchian mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs from the late Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) to the Early Eocene (Ypresian stage) of Asia, Europe, North America and South America. It was named by the French ...
: Middle Jurassic - Early Eocene :*
Pholidosauridae Pholidosauridae is an extinct family of aquatic neosuchian mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs. Fossils have been found in Europe (Denmark, England, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden), Africa (Algeria, Niger, Mali, Morocco and Tunisia), North Amer ...
: Middle Jurassic - Late Cretaceous ::''
Elosuchus ''Elosuchus'' is an extinct genus of neosuchian crocodyliform that lived during the Middle Cretaceous of what is now Africa (Niger, Morocco and Algeria). Description and taxonomy ''Elosuchus'' had an elongated snout like a gharial and was prob ...
'' ::''
Oceanosuchus ''Oceanosuchus'' is a genus of pholidosaurid mesoeucrocodylian, a type of marine crocodylomorph. It is known from a skull and partial skeleton found in early Cenomanian-age rocks from Normandy, France. The rostrum of the skull was relatively s ...
'' ::''
Terminonaris ''Terminonaris'' is a genus of extinct pholidosaurid crocodyliforms that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian and TuronianWu X-C, Russell AP, & Cumbaa SL. 2001. ''Terminonaris'' (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes): new material from Saskatche ...
'' :* Dyrosauridae: Late Cretaceous - Early Eocene ::''
Arambourgisuchus ''Arambourgisuchus'' ("Prof. Camille Arambourg's crocodile") is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph from the late Palaeocene of Morocco, found in the region of Sidi Chenane in 2000, following collaboration by French and Moroccan insti ...
'' ::''
Atlantosuchus ''Atlantosuchus'' is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph from Morocco. One defining characteristic that distinguishes it from other long-snouted dyrosaurids was its proportionally elongate snout, the longest in proportion to body size ...
'' ::''
Dyrosaurus ''Dyrosaurus'' is a genus of extinct crocodylomorph that lived during the early Eocene. The name ''Dyrosaurus'' comes from () the Greek for lizard or reptile, and Dyr for Djebel Dyr (mountain) close to where the type species was discovered. It ...
'' ::''
Guarinisuchus ''Guarinisuchus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform from the Early Paleocene 62 million years ago of the Maria Farinha Formation, Brazil.Phosphatosaurus ''Phosphatosaurus'' is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph. It existed during the early Eocene, with fossils having been found from North Africa in Tunisia and Mali. Named in 1955, ''Phosphatosaurus'' is a monotypic genus; the type spe ...
'' ::''
Rhabdognathus ''Rhabdognathus'' is an extinct genus of dyrosaurid crocodylomorph. It is known from rocks dating to the Paleocene epoch from western Africa, and specimens dating back to the Maastrichtian era were identified in 2008. It was named by Swinton in 1 ...
'' * Gavialoidea: Late Cretaceous - Recent :''
Eothoracosaurus ''Eothoracosaurus'' is an extinct monospecific genus of eusuchian Crocodylomorpha, crocodylomorphs found in Eastern United States which existed during the Late Cretaceous period. ''Eothoracosaurus'' is considered to belong to an informally named ...
'' :''
Thoracosaurus ''Thoracosaurus'' is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorph which existed during the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene in North America and Europe. The taxon had traditionally been thought to be related to the modern false gharial, large ...
'' :'' Eosuchus'' :''
Argochampsa ''Argochampsa'' (meaning "Argo crocodile", in reference to the mythological ''Argo'' of Jason) is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorph, usually regarded as a gavialoid crocodilian, related to modern gharials. It lived in the Paleocene o ...
'' :''
Eogavialis ''Eogavialis'' is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorph, usually regarded as a gavialoid crocodylian. It superficially resembles ''Tomistoma schlegelii'', the extant false gharial, and consequently material from the genus was originally re ...
'' :''
Ikanogavialis ''Ikanogavialis'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian. Fossils have been found in the Urumaco Formation in Urumaco, Venezuela and the Solimões Formation of Brazil. The strata from which remains are found are late Miocene in age, rather t ...
'' :''
Piscogavialis ''Piscogavialis'' is an extinct monospecific genus of gryposuchine gavialid crocodylian. The only species yet known is ''P. jugaliperforatus''. Fossils of ''Piscogavialis'' have been found from the Mio-Pliocene Pisco Formation of the Sacaco Bas ...
'' :''
Siquisiquesuchus ''Siquisiquesuchus'' (meaning " Siquisique crocodile" after the town in Lara, Venezuela, near where the first described specimens were found) is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian. It is known from cranial remains and a few postcranial bon ...
'' :''
Gryposuchus ''Gryposuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian. Fossils have been found from Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and the Peruvian Amazon. The genus existed during the Miocene epoch (Colhuehuapian to Huayquerian). One recently d ...
'' :''
Aktiogavialis ''Aktiogavialis'' is an extinct genus of crocodylian that lived from the Oligocene until the Miocene in what is now the Caribbean. Two species have been described: ''Aktiogavialis puertoricensis'' from the Middle Oligocene of Puerto Rico and ''Ak ...
''


Testudine Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked t ...
s

*
Chelonioidea Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, ...
:'' Allopleuron'' :''
Archelon ''Archelon'' is an extinct marine turtle from the Late Cretaceous, and is the largest turtle ever to have been documented, with the biggest specimen measuring from head to tail and in body mass. It is known only from the Dakota Pierre Shal ...
'' :'' Pneumatoarthrus'' :''
Protostega ''Protostega'' ('first roof') is an extinct genus of sea turtle containing a single species, ''Protostega gigas''. Its fossil remains have been found in the Smoky Hill Chalk formation of western Kansas (''Hesperornis'' zone, dated to 83.5 millio ...
'' * Araripemydidae :'' Araripemys'' * Bothremydidae


Thalattosaurs

*''Agkistrognathus campebelli'' *''Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis'' *''Anshunsaurus wushaensis'' *''Askeptosaurus italicus'' *''Concavispina biseridensLiu, J., L.-J. Zhao, C. Li, and T. He. 2013. Osteology of Concavispina biseridens (Reptilia, Thalattosauria) from the Xiaowa Formation (Carnian), Guanling, Guizhou, China Journal of Palaeontology 87:341-350.'' *''Clarazia schinzi'' *''Endennasaurus acutirostris'' *''Hescheleria ruebeli'' *''Miodentosaurus brevis'' *''Nectosaurus halius'' *''Paralonectes merriami'' *''Thalattosaurus alexandrae'' *''Thalattosaurus borealis'' *''Xinpusaurus suni''


See also

*


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Marine Reptiles
Marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...
List of A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...