The Buddha
Branches of Buddhism
Schools of Buddhism
Schools of BuddhismTheravāda
Mahāyāna
Vajrayāna
Early Buddhist schools
Buddhist modernism
Buddhism worldwide
Buddhist scriptures and texts
Theravada texts
Mahayana texts
*Vajrayana texts
*History of Buddhism
Doctrines of Buddhism
Three Jewels (''Tiratana'' • ''Triratna'')
Four Noble Truths (''Cattāri ariyasaccāni'' • ''Catvāri āryasatyāni'')
__1._The_Noble_Truth_of_Suffering_(''Dukkha_ariya_sacca'')_
*_Dukkha">Suffering1. The Noble Truth of Suffering (''Dukkha ariya sacca'')
* Dukkha">Suffering Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual. Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative valence of a ...2. The Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering (''Dukkha samudaya ariya sacca'')
* Craving (''taṇhā'' • ''tṛṣṇā'') ('' samudaya'') — ''to be abandoned'' (''pahātabba'') ** Craving for3. The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering (''Dukkha nirodha ariya sacca'')
*4. The Noble Truth of the Path of Practice leading to the Cessation of Suffering (''Dukkha nirodha gāminī paṭipadā ariya sacca'')
*Three Characteristics of Existence (''Tilakkhaṇa'' • ''Trilakṣaṇa'')
Five Aggregates (''Pañca khandha'' • ''Pañca-skandha'')
Dependent Origination (''Paticcasamuppāda'' • ''Pratītyasamutpāda'')
This/that Conditionality (''Idappaccayatā'')
Describing the causal nature of everything in the universe, as expressed in the following formula:Twelve Links (''Nidāna'')
Describes how suffering arises. *Transcendental Dependent Origination
Describes the path out of suffering. *Karma (Kamma)
Rebirth (''Punabbhava'' • ''Punarbhava'')
* Saṃsāra — Lit., the "wandering," the round of rebirths without discoverable beginning, sustained by ignorance and cravingBuddhist cosmology
Sense bases (''Āyatana'')
Ayatana * Six sense bases (''saḷāyatana'' • ''ṣaḍāyatana'') ** Eye (''cakkhu'') andSix Great Elements (''Dhātu'')
* Earth element (''paṭhavī-dhātu'') * Water (or liquid) element (''āpo-dhātu'') * Fire element (''tejo-dhātu'') * Air (or wind) element (''vāyo-dhātu'') * Space element (''ākāsa-dhātu'') * Consciousness element (''viññāṇa-dhātu'')Faculties (''Indriya'')
Formations (''Saṅkhāra'' • ''Saṃskāra'')
Mental Factors (''Cetasika'' • ''Caitasika'' )
Theravāda abhidhamma
* Seven universal mental factors common to all; ethically variable mental factors common to all consciousnesses (''sabbacittasādhāraṇa cetasikas'') **Mahayana abhidharma
* Five universal mental factors (''sarvatraga'') common to all: # ''Mind and Consciousness
* ''Obstacles to Enlightenment
* Taints (''āsava'') ** Sensual desire (''kāmāsava'') ** Becoming (''bhavāsava'') ** Wrong view (''diṭṭhāsava'') **Two Kinds of Happiness (''Sukha'')
* Bodily pleasure (''kayasukha'') * Mental happiness (''cittasukha'')Two Kinds of Bhava
* Kamma Bhava — kammas caused by four Upadanas * Upapatti Bhava — rebirth bhavaTwo Guardians of the World (''Sukka lokapala'')
* Shame at doing evil (''hiri'') * Ottappa, Fear of the results of wrongdoing (''ottappa'')Three Conceits
* "I am better" * "I am equal" * "I am worse"Three Standpoints
* Assāda, Gratification (''assāda'') * Ādinava, Danger (''ādinava'') * Nissaraṇa, Escape (''nissaraṇa'')Three Primary Aims
* Welfare and happiness directly visible in this present life, attained by fulfilling one's moral commitments and social responsibilities (''diṭṭha-dhamma-hitasukha'') * Welfare and happiness pertaining to the next life, attained by engaging in meritorious deeds (''samparāyika-hitasukha'') * The ultimate good or supreme goal, Nirvana (Buddhism), Nibbāna, final release from the cycle of rebirths, attained by developing theThree Divisions of the Dharma
* Pariyatti, Study (''pariyatti'') * Patipatti, Practice (''paṭipatti'') * Pativedha, Realization (''pativedha'')Four Kinds of Nutriment
* Food, Physical food [either gross or subtle] (''kabalinkaro'') *Four Kinds of Acquisitions (''Upadhi'')
* Skandha, The Five Aggregates (''khandha'' • ''skandha'') * Kilesa, Defilements (''kilesa'' • ''kleśā'') * Volitional formations (''saṅkhāra'' • ''saṃskāra'') * Kāmacchanda, Sensual pleasures (''kāmacchanda'')Eight Worldly Conditions
:''The "Eight Worldly Winds"'' referenced in discussions of upekkha, Equanimity (''upekkhā'', ''upekṣhā'') * Pleasure andTruth (''Sacca'' • ''Satya'')
*Higher Knowledge (''Abhiññā'' • ''Abhijñā'')
Abhijñā * Six types of higher knowledges (''chalabhiñña'') ** Iddhi, Supernormal powers (''iddhi'') *** Multiplying the body into many and into one again *** Appearing and vanishing at will *** Passing through solid objects as if space *** Ability to rise and sink in the ground as if in water *** Walking on water as if land *** Flight, Flying through the skies *** Touching anything at any distance (even the moon or sun) *** Traveling to other worlds (like the world of Brahma (Buddhism), Brahma) with or without the body ** Divine ear (''dibba-sota''), that is, clairaudience ** Mind-penetrating knowledge (''ceto-pariya-ñāa''), that is, telepathy ** Remembering one's former abodes (''pubbe-nivāsanussati''), that is, recalling one's own Rebirth (Buddhism), past lives ** Divine eye (''dibba-cakkhu''), that is, knowing others' Karma in Buddhism, karmic destinations ** Extinction of mental intoxicants (''āsavakkhaya''), upon which arahantship follows * Three knowledges (''tevijja'') ** Remembering one's former abodes (''pubbe-nivāsanussati'') ** Divine eye (''dibba-cakkhu'') ** Extinction of mental intoxicants (''āsavakkhaya'')Great fruits of the contemplative life (''Maha-Phala'')
Phala * upekkha, Equanimity (''upekkhā'', ''upekṣhā'') * Fearlessness (''nibbhaya'') * Freedom from unhappiness & suffering (''asukhacaadukkha'') * Meditative Absorption (''samādhi'') * Out-of-body experience (''manomaya'') * Clairaudience (''dibba-sota'') * Intuition and mental telepathy (''ceto-pariya-ñána'') * Recollection of past lives (''patisandhi'') * Clairvoyance (''dibba-cakkhu'') * The Ending of Mental Fermentations (''samatha'')Concepts unique to Mahayana and Vajrayana
* Bardo — Intermediate state ** Shinay bardo — the Bardo of This Life ** Milam bardo — the Bardo of Dream ** Samten bardo — the Bardo of Meditation ** Chikkhai bardo — the Bardo of Dying ** Chönyid bardo — the Bardo of Dharmata ** Sidpai bardo — the Bardo of Existence * Bodhicitta — the wish to attainOther concepts
* Śūnyatā, Emptiness (''suññatā'' • ''śūnyatā'') * Middle Way (''majjhimā paṭipadā'' • ''madhyamā-pratipad'') — the Buddhist path of non-extremism ** Avoiding the extreme of Gratification, sensual indulgence (''kāmesu kāma-sukha-allika'') ** Avoiding the extreme of Mortification of the flesh, self-mortification (''atta-kilamatha'') * Sentient beings (Buddhism), Sentient beings (''satta'' • ''sattva'')Buddhist practices
Buddhist devotion
Buddhist devotion * Refuge (Buddhism), Taking refuge in the Triple Gem **Moral discipline and precepts (''Sīla'' • ''Śīla'')
* Five Precepts (''pañca-sīlāni'' • ''pañca-śīlāni'') ** Abstinence, Abstaining from taking life (''pāṇātipātā veramaṇī'') ** Abstaining from theft, taking what is not given (''adinnādānā veramaṇī'') ** Abstaining from sexual misconduct (''kāmesu micchācāra veramaṇī'') ** Abstaining from lie, false speech (''musāvāda veramaṇī'') ** Abstaining from Alcoholic beverage, drinks and Recreational drug use, drugs that cause heedlessness (''surā-meraya-majja-pamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī'') * Eight Precepts (''aṭṭhasīla'') ** Abstaining from taking life (both human and non-human) ** Abstaining from taking what is not given (stealing) ** Abstaining from all Human sexual activity, sexual activity ** Abstaining from telling lies ** Abstaining from using intoxicating Alcoholic beverage, drinks and Recreational drug use, drugs which lead to carelessness ** Abstaining from eating at the wrong time (the right time is eating once, after sunrise, before noon) ** Abstaining from singing, dancing, playing music, attending entertainment performances, wearing perfume, and using cosmetics and garlands (decorative accessories) ** Abstaining from luxurious places for sitting or sleeping * Ten Precepts (Buddhism), Ten Precepts (''dasasīla'') ** Abstaining from killing living things ** Abstaining from stealing ** Abstaining from un-chastity (sensuality, sexuality, lust) ** Abstaining from lying ** Abstaining from taking intoxicants ** Abstaining from taking food at inappropriate times (after noon) ** Abstaining from singing, dancing, playing music or attending entertainment programs (performances) ** Abstaining from wearing perfume, cosmetics and garland (decorative accessories) ** Abstaining from sitting on high chairs and sleeping on luxurious, soft beds ** Abstaining from accepting money * Five Precepts#Sixteen Precepts, Sixteen Precepts ** Three Treasures *** Taking refuge in the Buddha *** Taking refuge in the Dharma *** Taking refuge in the Sangha ** Three Pure Precepts *** Not Creating Evil *** Practicing Good *** Actualizing Good For Others ** Ten Grave Precepts *** Affirm life; Do not kill *** Be giving; Do not steal *** Honor the body; Do not misuse sexuality *** Manifest truth; Do not lie *** Proceed clearly; Do not cloud the mind *** See the perfection; Do not speak of others errors and faults *** Realize self and other as one; Do not elevate the self and blame others *** Give generously; Do not be withholding *** Actualize harmony; Do not be angry *** Experience the intimacy of things; Do not defile the Three Treasures * Vinaya ** Patimokkha, ''Pātimokkha'' (''Pratimoksha'') — the code of monastic rules binding on members of the Buddhist monastic order *** ''Parajika'' (defeats) — four rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life **** Sexual intercourse, that is, any voluntary sexual interaction between a bhikkhu and a living being, except for mouth-to-mouth intercourse which falls under the ''sanghadisesa'' **** Stealing, that is, the robbery of anything worth more than 1/24 troy ounce of gold (as determined by local law.) **** Intentionally bringing about the death of a human being, even if it is still an embryo — whether by killing the person, arranging for an assassin to kill the person, inciting the person to die, or describing the advantages of death **** Deliberately Lie, lying to another person that one has attained a superior human state, such as claiming to be anThree Resolutions
* To abstain from all evil (''sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ'') * To Sādhanā, cultivate the good (''kusalassa upasampadā'') * To purify one's mind (''sacittapariyodapanaṃ'')Three Pillars of Dharma
* Dāna, Generosity (''dāna'') * Śīla, Morality (''sīla'' • ''śīla'') * Bhavana, Meditation (''bhāvanā'')Threefold Training (''Sikkhā'')
Threefold Training * The training in the higher moral discipline (''adhisīla-sikkhā'') — Śīla, morality (''sīla'' • ''śīla'') * The training in the higher mind (''adhicitta-sikkhā'') — Samadhi (Buddhism), concentration (''samādhi'') * The training in the higher wisdom (''adhipaññā-sikkhā'') — Wisdom in Buddhism, wisdom (''paññā'' • ''prajñā'')Five Qualities
*Five Powers of a Trainee
*Five Things that lead to Enlightenment
* Kalyāṇa-mittatā, Admirable friendship (''kalyāṇa-mittatā'' • ''kalyāṇa-mitratā'') * Śīla, Morality (''sīla'' • ''śīla'') * Hearing theFive Subjects for Contemplation
Gradual training (''Anupubbikathā'')
* Dāna, Generosity (''dāna'') * Śīla, Virtue (''sīla'' • ''śīla'') *Seven Good Qualities (''Satta saddhammā'')
*Ten Meritorious Deeds (''Dasa Punnakiriya vatthu'')
* Dāna, Generosity (''dāna'') * Śīla, Morality (''sīla'' • ''śīla'') * Bhavana, Meditation (''bhāvanā'') * Paying due respect to those who are worthy of it (''apacayana'') * Helping others perform good deeds (''veyyavacca'') * Anumodana, Sharing of merit after doing some good deed (''anumodana'') * Pattanumodana, Rejoicing in the merits of others (''pattanumodana'') * Teaching thePerfections (''Pāramī'' • ''Pāramitā'')
Ten Theravada Pāramīs (''Dasa pāramiyo'')
* Dāna, Generosity (''dāna'') * Śīla, Morality (''sīla'') * Nekkhamma, Renunciation (''nekkhamma'') *Six Mahayana Pāramitās
* Dāna, Generosity (''dāna'') * Śīla, Morality (''śīla'') * Kshanti, Patience (''kṣanti'') *States Pertaining to Enlightenment (''Bodhipakkhiyādhammā'' • ''Bodhipakṣa dharma'')
Four Foundations of Mindfulness (''Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā'' • ''Smṛtyupasthāna'')
Satipatthana * Mindfulness of the body (''kāyagatāsati'' • ''kāyasmṛti'') ** Anapanasati, Mindfulness of breathing (''ānāpānasati'' • ''ānāpānasmṛti'') *** Mindfulness of the body (''kāyanupassana'') — first tetrad **** Breathing a long breath **** Breathing a short breath **** Experiencing the whole (breath-) body (awareness of the beginning, middle, and end of the breath) **** Tranquilizing the bodily formation *** Mindfulness of feelings (''vedanānupassana'') — second tetrad **** Experiencing rapture **** Experiencing bliss **** Experiencing the mental formation **** Tranquilizing the mental formation *** Mindfulness of the mind (''cittanupassana'') — third tetrad **** Experiencing the mind **** Gladdening the mind **** Concentrating the mind **** Liberating the mind *** Mindfulness of Dhammas (''dhammānupassana'') — fourth tetrad **** Contemplating impermanence (''aniccānupassī'') **** Contemplating fading away (''virāgānupassī'') **** Contemplating cessation (''nirodhānupassī'') **** Contemplating relinquishment (''paṭinissaggānupassī'') ** Human position, Postures *** Walking *** Standing *** Sitting *** Lying (position), Lying down ** Sampajañña, Clear comprehension (''sampajañña'' • ''samprajaña'') *** Clear comprehension of the purpose of one's action (''sātthaka'') *** Clear comprehension of the suitability of one's means to the achievement of one's purpose (''sappāya'') *** Clear comprehension of the domain, that is, not abandoning the subject of meditation during one's daily routine (''gocara'') *** Clear comprehension of reality, the awareness that behind one's activities there is no abiding self (''asammoha'') ** Reflections on repulsiveness of the body, meditation on the thirty-two body parts (''patikulamanasikara'') *** head hairs *** Androgenic hair, body hairs *** Nail (anatomy), nails *** Tooth, teeth *** skin *** flesh *** tendons *** bones *** bone marrow *** kidneys *** heart *** liver *** pleura (or Thoracic diaphragm, diaphragm) *** spleen *** lungs *** intestines *** mesentery *** stomach *** feces *** bile *** phlegm *** pus ***Four Right Efforts (''Cattārimāni sammappadhānāni'' • ''Samyak-pradhāna'')
Four Right Exertions * The effort to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome mental states (''anuppādāya'') * The effort to abandon arisen unwholesome mental states (''pahānāya'') * The effort to generate unarisen wholesome mental states (''uppādāya'') * The effort to maintain and perfect arisen wholesome mental states (''ṭhitiyā'')Four Roads to Mental Power (''Iddhipāda'' • ''Ṛddhipāda'')
Iddhipada * Concentration due to Chanda (Buddhism), desire (''chanda'') * Concentration due to Vīrya, energy (''viriya'' • ''vīrya'') * Concentration due to Citta, mind (''citta'') * Concentration due to Vīmaṃsā, investigation (''vīmaṃsā'')Five Spiritual Faculties (''Pañca indriya'')
Five Powers (''Pañca bala'')
Five Strengths *Seven Factors of Enlightenment (''Satta sambojjhaṅgā'' • ''Sapta bodhyanga'')
Seven Factors of Enlightenment= Neutral
= *= Arousing
= * Dhamma vicaya, Investigation of doctrine (''dhamma vicaya'' • ''dharma-vicaya'') *= Calming
= *Noble Eightfold Path (''Ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga'' • ''Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ'')
= Wisdom (''Paññākkhandha'')
= * Right view (''sammā-diṭṭhi'' • ''samyag-dṛṣṭi'') ** Mundane right view *** Karma in Buddhism, Karma ** Supramundane right view *** Right view that accords with the= Moral discipline (''Sīlakkhandha'')
= *= Concentration (''Samādhikkhandha'')
= * Right effort (''sammā-vāyāma'' • ''samyag-vyāyāma'') ** The effort to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome states of mind (''samvarappadhana'') *** Yoniso manasikara, Wise attention (''yoniso manasikara'') *** Indriya-samvara, Restraint of the sense faculties (''indriya-samvara'') ** The effort to abandon unwholesome states of mind that have already arisen (''pahanappadhana'') *** Overcoming the Five hindrances ** The effort to generate wholesome states of mind that have not yet arisen (''bhavanappadhana'') *** Seven Factors of Enlightenment (''satta sambojjhaṅgā'' • ''sapta bodhyanga'') ****= Acquired factors
= * Noble Eightfold Path#Liberation, Right knowledge (''sammā-ñāṇa'') * Noble Eightfold Path#Liberation, Right liberation (''sammā-vimutti'')Buddhist meditation
Theravada meditation practices
= Tranquillity/Serenity/Calm (''Samatha'' • ''Śamatha'')
= Samatha * Kammaṭṭhāna, Place of work (''kammaṭṭhāna'') ** Ten ''Kasinas'' *** Earth kasina (''pathavikasinam'') *** Water kasina (''apokasinam'') *** Fire kasina (''tejokasinam'') *** Wind kasina (''vayokasinam'') *** Brownish or deep purplish blue kasina (''nilakasinam'') *** Yellow kasina (''pitakasinam'') *** Red kasina (''lohitakasinam'') *** White kasina (''odatakasinam'') *** Light kasina (''alokakasinam'') *** Open air-space, sky kasina (''akasakasinam'') ** Ten reflections on repulsiveness (''asubas'') *** A swollen or bloated corpse (''uddhumatakam'') *** A corpse brownish black or purplish blue with decay (''vinilakam'') *** A festering or suppurated corpse (''vipubbakam'') *** A corpse splattered half or fissured from decay (''vicchiddakam'') *** A corpse gnawed by animals such as wild dogs and foxes (''vikkhayittakam'') *** A corpse scattered in parts, hands, legs, head and body being dispersed (''vikkhitakam'') *** A corpse cut and thrown away in parts after killing (''hatavikkhittakam'') *** A bleeding corpse, i.e. with red blood oozing out (''lohitakam'') *** A corpse infested with and eaten by worms (''puluvakam'') *** Remains of a corpse in a heap of bones, i.e. skeleton (''atthikam'') ** Ten Anussati, Recollections (''anussati'' • ''anusmriti'') *** ''Buddhānussati'' (''Buddhanusmrti'') — Recollection of the Buddha — ''fixing the mind with attentiveness and reflecting repeatedly on the glorious virtues and attributes of Buddha'' *** ''Dhammānussati'' (''Dharmanusmrti'') — Recollection of the Dhamma — ''reflecting with serious attentiveness repeatedly on the virtues and qualities of Buddha's teachings and his doctrine'' *** ''Saṅghānussati'' (''Sanghanusmrti'') — Recollection of the Saṅgha — ''fixing the mind strongly and repeatedly upon the rare attributes and sanctity of the Sangha'' *** ''Sīlānussati'' — Recollection of virtue — ''reflecting seriously and repeatedly on the purification of one's own morality or sīla'' *** ''Cāgānussati'' — Recollection of generosity — ''reflecting repeatedly on the mind's purity in the noble act of one's own dāna, charitableness and liberality'' *** ''Devatānussati'' — Recollection of deities — ''reflecting with serious and repeated attention on one's own complete possession of the qualities of absolute faith (saddhā), morality (sīla), learning (suta), liberality (cāga) and wisdom (paññā) just as the devas have, to enable one to be reborn in the world of devas'' *** ''Maraṇānussati'' — Mindfulness of death — ''reflecting repeatedly on the inevitability of death'' *** ''Patikulamanasikara#Objects of contemplation, Kāyagatāsati'' — Mindfulness of the body — ''reflecting earnestly and repeatedly on the impurity of the body which is composed of the detestable 32 constituents such as hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, etc.'' *** ''Anapanasati, Ānāpānasati'' — Mindfulness of breathing — ''repeated reflection on the inhaled and exhaled breath'' *** ''Upasamānussati'' — Recollection of peace — ''reflecting repeatedly with serious attentiveness on the supreme spiritual blissful state of Nirvana'' ** Brahmavihara, Four Divine Abidings (''brahmavihāra'') *** Mettā, Loving-kindness (''mettā'' • ''maitrī'') ***= Concentration (''Samādhi'')
= * Nimitta, Sign (''nimitta'') ** Uggahanimitta, Learning sign (''uggahanimitta'') ** Patibhaganimitta, Counterpart sign (''paṭibhāganimitta'') * Khanikasamādhi, Momentary concentration (''khaṇikasamādhi'') * Parikammasamādhi, Preliminary concentration (''parikammasamādhi'') * Upacārasamādhi, Neighbourhood concentration (''upacārasamādhi'') * Samāpatti, Nine attainments (''samāpatti'') ** Appanāsamādhi, Attainment concentration (''appanāsamādhi'') *** Dhyāna in Buddhism, Jhāna (''Dhyāna'') — states of deep meditative concentration marked by the one-pointed fixation of the mind upon its object **** Rupajhana, Four form jhānas (''rūpajhāna'') ***** First jhāna (''pathamajjhana'') ****** Vitakka, initial application (''vittaka'') ****** Vicara, sustained application (''vicāra'') ****** Pīti, rapture (''pīti'') ****** Sukha, bliss (''sukha'') ****** Ekaggata, one-pointedness (''ekaggata'') ***** Second jhāna (''dutiyajjhana'') ****** Pīti, rapture (''pīti'') ****** Sukha, bliss (''sukha'') ****** Ekaggata, one-pointedness (''ekaggata'') ***** Third jhāna (''tatiyajjhana'') ****** Sukha, bliss (''sukha'') ****** Ekaggata, one-pointedness (''ekaggata'') ***** Fourth jhāna (''catutthajjhana'') ****** Ekaggata, one-pointedness (''ekaggata'') ****** Upekkha, equanimity (upekkhā • upekṣā) **** Arūpajhāna, Four formless jhānas (''arūpajhāna'') ***** Ākāsānañcāyatana, Base of the infinity of space (''ākāsānañcāyatana'') ***** Viññāṇañcāyatana, Base of the infinity of consciousness (''viññāṇañcāyatana'') ***** Ākiñcaññāyatana, Base of nothingness (''ākiñcaññāyatana'') ***** Nevasaññānāsaññāyatana, Base of neither-perception-nor-nonperception (''nevasaññānāsaññāyatana'') ** Jhāna#Cessation of feelings and perceptions, Cessation of perception and feeling (''nirodha-samāpatti'')= Insight meditation (''Vipassanā'' • ''Vipaśyanā'')
= * Vipassanā ñanas, Insight knowledge (''vipassanā-ñāṇa'') ** Vipassana jhanas ** Eighteen kinds of insight *** Contemplation on impermanence (''aniccanupassana'') overcomes the wrong idea of permanence *** Contemplation on dukkha, unsatisfactoriness (''dukkhanupassana'') overcomes the wrong idea of real happiness *** Contemplation on anatta, non-self (''anattanupassana'') overcomes the wrong idea of self *** Contemplation on disenchantment (revulsion) (''nibbidanupassana'') overcomes affection *** Contemplation on dispassion (fading away) (''viraganupassana'') overcomes greed *** Contemplation on cessation (''nirodhanupassana'') overcomes the arising *** Contemplation on giving up (''patinissagganupassana'') overcomes attachment *** Contemplation on dissolution (''khayanupassana'') overcomes the wrong idea of something compact *** Contemplation on disappearance (''vayanupassana'') overcomes kamma-accumulation *** Contemplation on changeableness (''viparinamanupassana'') overcomes the wrong idea of something immutable *** Contemplation on the signless (''animittanupassana'') overcomes the conditions of rebirth *** Contemplation on the desireless (''appanihitanupassana'') overcomes longing *** Contemplation on Śūnyatā, emptiness (''suññatanupassana'') overcomes clinging *** Higher wisdom and insight (''adhipaññadhamma vipassana'') overcomes the wrong idea of something substantial *** True eye of knowledge (''yathabhuta ñanadassana'') overcomes clinging to delusion *** Contemplation on misery (''adinavanupassana'') overcomes clinging to desire *** Reflecting contemplation (''patisankhanupassana'') overcomes thoughtlessness *** Contemplation on the standstill of existence (''vivattanupassana'') overcomes being entangled in fetters ** Sixteen Stages of Vipassanā Knowledge *** Knowledge to distinguish mental and physical states (''namarupa pariccheda ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of the cause-and-effect relationship between mental and physical states (''paccaya pariggaha ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of mental and physical processes as impermanent, unsatisfactory and nonself (''sammasana ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of arising and passing away (''udayabbaya ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of the dissolution of formations (''bhanga ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of the fearful nature of mental and physical states (''bhaya ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of mental and physical states as unsatisfactory (''adinava ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of disenchantment (''nibbida ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of the desire to abandon the worldly state (''muncitukamayata ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge which investigates the path to deliverance and instills a decision to practice further (''patisankha ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge which regards mental and physical states with equanimity (''sankharupekha ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge which conforms to the Four Noble Truths (''anuloma ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge of deliverance from the worldly condition (''gotrabhu ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge by which defilements are abandoned and are overcome by destruction (''magga ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge which realizes the fruit of the path and has nibbana as object (''phala ñāṇa'') *** Knowledge which reviews the defilements still remaining (''paccavekkhana ñāṇa'')Zen meditation practices
* Zazen **Vajrayana meditation practices
* Tonglen * Tantra ** Anuttarayoga Tantra *** Generation stage *** Completion stage * Margaphala * Ngöndro — Four thoughts which turn the mind towards Dharma ** The freedoms and advantages of precious Human beings in Buddhism, human rebirth ** The truth of impermanence and :wikt:change, change ** The workings of Karma in Buddhism, karma ** The suffering of living beings within Saṃsāra (Buddhism), SamsaraOther practices
* Ahimsa — Nonviolence, Non-violence * Appamada — Heedfulness * Chöd — advanced spiritual practice and discipline arising from confluences of Bonpo, Mahasidda, Nyingmapa traditions and now practiced throughout the schools ofAttainment of Enlightenment
Enlightenment in BuddhismGeneral
*Theravada
* Four stages of enlightenment (''see also'': Arya#Buddhism, Ariya-puggala — Noble Ones) ** ''Sotāpanna'' — Stream-enterer (first stage of enlightenment) — one who has "opened the eye of the Dhamma", and is guaranteed enlightenment after no more than seven successive rebirths, having eradicated the first three Fetter (Buddhism), fetters *** The four factors leading to stream-entry **** Association with superior persons **** Hearing the true Dhamma **** Careful attention **** Practice in accordance with the Dhamma *** The four factors of a stream-enterer **** Possessing confirmed confidence in the Buddha **** Possessing confirmed confidence in the Dhamma **** Possessing confirmed confidence in the Sangha **** Possessing moral virtues dear to the noble ones ** ''Sakadagami'' — Once-returner (second stage of enlightenment) — will be reborn into the human world once more, before attaining enlightenment, having eradicated the first three Fetter (Buddhism), fetters and attenuated greed, hatred, and delusion ** ''Anagami, Anāgāmi'' — Non-returner (third stage of enlightenment) — does not come back into human existence, or any lower world, after death, but is reborn in the "Pure Abodes", where he will attain Nirvāṇa, having eradicated the first five Fetter (Buddhism), fetters ** ''Arahant (Buddhism), Arahant'' — "Worthy One", (''see also'': ''Arhat''), a fully enlightened human being who has abandoned all ten Fetter (Buddhism), fetters, and who upon decease (Parinibbāna) will not be reborn in any world, having wholly abandoned saṃsāraMahayana
*Zen
* Satori — a Japanese Buddhist term for "enlightenment", which translates as a flash of sudden awareness, or individual enlightenment * Kensho — "Seeing one's nature"Buddhist monasticism and laity
Buddhist monasticism * Śrāvaka, Disciple 声闻弟子ShengWenDiZi (''sāvaka'' • ''śrāvaka'') * Upāsaka and Upāsikā, Male lay follower (忧婆塞 YouPoSai) (''upāsaka'') and Upāsaka and Upāsikā, Female lay follower (忧婆夷 YouPoYi) (''upāsikā'') ** Householder (Buddhism), Householder 在家弟子ZaiJiaDiZi ** ''Dhammacari, Dhammacārī'' — lay devotees who have seriously committed themselves to Buddhist practice for several years ** ''Anagarika, Anāgārika'' — lay attendant of a monk ** ''近侍Jisha (Japan), JinShi (chinese)'' — personal attendant of a monastery's abbot or teacher in Chan/Zen Buddhism ** ''Ngagpa'' — non-monastic male practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen ** ''Thilashin'' — Burmese Buddhist female lay renunciant ** ''Mae ji'' — Buddhist laywomen in Thailand occupying a position somewhere between that of an ordinary lay follower and an ordained monk * Pabbajja, Lower ordination (''pabbajja'' • ''pravrajya'') ** Samanera, Novice monk (''sāmaṇera'' • ''śrāmaṇera'') ** Samaneri, Novice nun (''samaṇerī'' • ''śrāmaṇerī'') * Upasampada, Higher ordination (''upasampadā'') ** Bhikkhu, Monk (''bhikkhu'' • ''bhikṣu'') ** Bhikkhuni, Nun (''bhikkhunī'' • ''bhikṣuṇī'') * Titles for Buddhist teachers ** General *** ''Acharya, Acariya'' (''Ācārya'') — teacher *** ''Upajjhaya'' (''Upādhyāya'') — preceptor *** ''Pandita (Buddhism), Pandita'' — a learned master, scholar or professor in Buddhist philosophy *** ''Bhante'' — Venerable Sir ** inMajor figures of Buddhism
List of BuddhistsFounder
*Buddha's disciples and early Buddhists
Chief Disciples
* Sariputta, Sāriputta — Chief disciple, "General of the Dhamma", foremost in wisdom * Moggallana, Mahamoggallāna — Second chief disciple, foremost in psychic powersGreat Disciples
= Monks
= *= Nuns
= * Mahapajapati Gotami — Eldest nun, half-mother of Buddha * Khema — First great female disciple in power * Uppalavanna — Second great female disciple * Patacara — Foremost exponent of the Vinaya, the rules of monastic disciplineLaymen
* Anathapindika — Chief lay disciple, foremost disciple in generosity * Hatthaka of Alavi * Jivaka * Citta (disciple), Citta — the foremost householder for explaining the Teaching * Cunda (Buddhism), CundaLaywomen
* Khujjuttara * Velukandakiya * Visakha * Rohini (Buddha's disciple), Rohini * Sujata (disambiguation), SujataFirst five disciples of the Buddha
* Kaundinya, Kondañña — the first Arahant * Assaji — converted Sāriputta and Mahamoggallāna * Bhaddiya * Vappa * Mahanama (Buddhist), MahanamaTwo seven-year-old Arahants
* Samanera Sumana * Samanera PanditaOther disciples
* Channa (Buddhist), Channa — royal servant and head charioteer of Prince Siddhartha * Angulimala — mass murderer turned saint * Kisa GotamiLater Indian Buddhists (after Gotama Buddha)
* Ashoka - emperor of the Indian subcontinent emperor from 268 to 232 BCE and a convert who facilitated the spread of Buddhism across Asia * Sanghamitta — daughter of Emperor Ashoka * Mahinda (buddhist monk), Mahinda — son of Emperor Ashoka * Nagarjuna — founder of theIndo-Greek Buddhists
* Dharmaraksita * NagasenaChinese Buddhists
* Bodhidharma * Dajian Huineng * IngenTibetan Buddhists
* Je Tsongkhapa * Milarepa * Longchenpa * Marpa Lotsawa * Padmasambhava * Drogmi — founder of theJapanese Buddhists
* Saichō * Kūkai * Hōnen * Shinran * Dōgen * Eisai * NichirenVietnamese Buddhists
* Trần Thái Tông * Trần Thánh Tông * Trần Nhân Tông * Trần Anh Tông * Trần Minh Tông * Trần Hiến Tông * Trần Dụ Tông * Trần Nghệ Tông * Trần Duệ Tông * Trần Hưng Đạo * Trần Thuận Tông * Trần Thiếu Đế * Lý Thái Tổ * Lý Thái Tông * Lý Thường Kiệt * Lý Long Tường * Thich Quang Duc * Thích Trí Quang * Thich Nhat Hanh, Thích Nhất Hạnh * Thich Thiên Ân * Thích Quảng Độ * Thích Thanh Từ * Thich Nhat Tu, Thích Nhật Từ * Thich Chan KhongBurmese Buddhists
* Ledi Sayadaw * Mahasi Sayadaw, Mahāsī Sayādaw * Mother Sayamagyi * S. N. Goenka * U Ba Khin * U Nārada * U Pandita * Webu SayadawThai Buddhists
* Buddhadasa, Ajahn Buddhadasa *Sri Lankan Buddhists
* Balangoda Ananda Maitreya * Henepola Gunaratana * K. Sri Dhammananda * Piyadassi Maha Thera * Walpola RahulaAmerican Buddhists
* Ajahn Sumedho * Bhikkhu Bodhi * Thanissaro BhikkhuBrazilian Buddhists
* Ajahn Mudito * Monja Coen * Lama Michel RinpocheBritish Buddhists
* Ajahn Amaro * Ajahn Brahm * Ajahn Khemadhammo *Houn Jiyu-Kennett * Nanamoli Bhikkhu, Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu * Nanavira Thera, Ñāṇavīra Thera * Arthur LillieGerman Buddhists
* Ayya Khema * Bhikkhu Analayo * Muho Noelke * Nyanatiloka * Nyanaponika TheraIrish Buddhists
* U DhammalokaBuddhist philosophy
Buddhist philosophy * Abhidharma (Abhidhamma) * Buddhist anarchism * Buddhist atomism * Buddhism and the body * Buddhology * Engaged Buddhism * Buddhist economics * Buddhist eschatology * Buddhist ethics ** Buddhism and abortion ** Buddhism and euthanasia ** Buddhism and sexuality *** Religious views on masturbation#Buddhism, Buddhist views on masturbation *** LGBT topics and Buddhism * Buddhism and evolution * Acinteyya, Four imponderables * Fourteen unanswerable questions ** Questions referring to the world: concerning theBuddhist culture
* Alms * Ango — three-month-long period of intense training for students ofBuddhist pilgrimage
Buddhist pilgrimage * The Four Main Sites ** Lumbini — Buddha's birthplace *** Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini, Maya Devi Temple ** Bodh Gaya — Buddha's place of Bodhi, Enlightenment *** Mahabodhi Temple **** Bodhi Tree ** Sarnath — Place of Buddha's first discourse ** Kushinagar — Place of Buddha's Parinirvana, final passing away * Four Additional Sites ** Sravasti ** Rajgir ** Sankassa ** Vaishali (ancient city), Vaishali * Other Sites ** Patna ** Gaya, India, Gaya ** Kosambi ** Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura ** Kapilavastu (ancient city), Kapilavastu ** Devadaha ** Kesariya ** Pava ** Nalanda ** Varanasi * Later Sites ** Sanchi ** Ratnagiri (Orissa), Ratnagiri ** Ellora Caves, Ellora ** Ajanta Caves, Ajantha ** BharhutComparative Buddhism
* Buddhism and science ** Buddhism and psychology * Buddhism and Theosophy * Buddhism and other religions ** Buddhism and Eastern religions *** Buddhism and Hinduism *** Buddhism and Jainism ** Buddhism and Christianity *** Buddhist-Christian Studies *** Parallels between Buddha and Jesus ** Buddhism and Gnosticism **Other topics related to Buddhism
* Access to Insight — Readings in Theravada Buddhism website * Anuradhapura ** Mahavihara ** Abhayagiri Vihara * Asceticism#Buddhism, Asceticism * Ashoka the Great * Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna * Bodhimanda (Bodhimandala) * Bodhisatta — a future Buddha, one destined to attain unsurpassed perfect enlightenment; specifically, it is the term the Buddha uses to refer to himself in the period prior to his enlightenment, both in past lives and in his last life before he attained enlightenment *Lists
* Glossary of Buddhism * Index of Buddhism-related articles * List of Buddhas ** List of the twenty-eight Buddhas * List of Buddha claimants * List of bodhisattvas * List of Buddhists * List of modern scholars in Buddhist studies * List of suttas ** inSee also
* Outline of religionCharts
Notes
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buddhism Outlines of religions Wikipedia outlines Buddhism,