Assistens Cemetery (

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...

: Assistens Kirkegård) in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establish ...

, is the burial site of many Danish notables as well as an important greenspace in the Nørrebro district. Inaugurated in 1760, it was originally a burial site for the poor laid out to relieve the crowded graveyards inside the walled city, but during the

Golden Age The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the '' Works and Days'' of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the G ...

in the first half of the 19th century it became fashionable and many leading figures of the epoch, such as Hans Christian Andersen, Søren Kierkegaard,

Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (2 January 1783 – 22 July 1853) was a Danish painter. He was born in Blåkrog in the Southern Jutland region of Denmark. He went on to lay the foundation for the period of art known as the Golden Age of Da ...

, and

Christen Købke Christen Schiellerup Købke (26 May 1810 – 7 February 1848) was a Danish painter, and one of the best known artists from the Golden Age of Danish Painting. Childhood and early training He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was one of 11 ...

are all buried here. Late in the 19th century, as Assistens Cemetery had itself become crowded, a number of new cemeteries were established around Copenhagen, including

Vestre Cemetery Vestre Cemetery ( da, Vestre Kirkegård, meaning "Western Cemetery") is located in a large park setting in the Kongens Enghave district of Copenhagen, Denmark. With its 54 hectares it is the largest cemetery in Denmark. The cemetery is landscape ...

, but through the 20th century, it continued to attract notable people. Among the latter are the

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-winning physicist

Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 ...

and a number of American jazz musicians who settled in Copenhagen during the 1950s and 1960s, including

Ben Webster Benjamin Francis Webster (March 27, 1909 – September 20, 1973) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Career Early life and career A native of Kansas City, Missouri, he studied violin, learned how to play blues on the piano from ...

and

Kenny Drew Kenneth Sidney "Kenny" Drew (August 28, 1928 – August 4, 1993) was an American-Danish jazz pianist. Biography Drew was born in New York City, United States, and received piano lessons from the age of five.Feather, Leonard, & Ira Gitler ( ...

. An ''assistenskirkegård'' (meaning "assistance cemetery") is originally a

generic Generic or generics may refer to: In business * Generic term, a common name used for a range or class of similar things not protected by trademark * Generic brand, a brand for a product that does not have an associated brand or trademark, other ...

term in Danish, used to refer to cemeteries which were laid out to assist existing burial sites, usually those located in urban settings in connection with churches, and therefore a number of cemeteries by the same name are found around Denmark. The cemetery is one of five run by

Copenhagen Municipality Copenhagen Municipality ( da, Københavns Kommune), also known in English as the Municipality of Copenhagen, located in the Capital Region of Denmark, is the largest of the four municipalities that constitute the City of Copenhagen (), the othe ...

; the other cemeteries are

, Brønshøj Cemetery, Sundby Cemetery, and

Bispebjerg Cemetery Bispebjerg Cemetery ( Danish: Bispebjerg Kirkegård), established in 1903 on the moderately graded north slope of Bispebjerg Hill, is the newest of five municipal cemeteries in Copenhagen, Denmark. The main entrance to the cemetery is located nex ...

History

Background

In Medieval times intramural interment was the rule although outdoor graveyards gradually became more common. In 1666 the Naval Holmen Cemetery was moved from its original location at

Holmen Church The Holmen Church ( da, Holmens Kirke) is a Parish church in central Copenhagen in Denmark, on the street called Holmens Kanal. First built as an anchor forge in 1563, it was converted into a naval church by Christian IV. It is famous for having ...

to a site outside the

Eastern City Gate Eastern City Gate of Belgrade оr Istočna Kapija Beograda ( sr, Источна Капија Београда) is a complex of three large residential buildings situated near the E-75 motorway in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, and is among the ...

as the first burial facility to be located outside the city. An outbreak of

plague Plague or The Plague may refer to: Agriculture, fauna, and medicine *Plague (disease), a disease caused by ''Yersinia pestis'' * An epidemic of infectious disease (medical or agricultural) * A pandemic caused by such a disease * A swarm of pe ...

in 1711 which killed an estimated 23,000 citizens put the existing burial sites under so much pressure that up to five coffins were sometimes buried on top of each other. This led to the establishment of five new cemeteries on the periphery of the city, but just inside the city walls, while the military Garrison Cemetery was relocated to a site next to that of Holmen Cemetery.

Establishment of the new cemetery

In the 1750s the situation deteriorated even further and in a letter of 2 May 1757 the City Council proposed to the Chancellery that a large new cemetery be built for the city's parishes outside the city walls. After some negotiations it was decided to place it outside the Northern City Gate and on 26 May 1757 the new facility was founded by Royal charter. The new cemetery was inaugurated on 6 November 1760. It was enclosed by a wall built by

Philip de Lange Philip de Lange (c. 1705 – 17 September 1766) was a leading Dutch-Danish architect who designed many different types of building in various styles including Dutch Baroque and Rococo. Early life and family Philip de Lange was probably born ...

. Originally the cemetery was intended as a burial ground for paupers. In 1785 an affluent citizen, astronomic writer and First Secretary of the War Chancellery Johan Samuel Augustin, made specific requests to be interred at the cemetery, in his codicil stating that "''Mein Begräbnis soll auf dem Armen-Kirchhofe vor dem Norderthor seyn, wesfalls ich sehon mit Mr. Simon, der dort Gräber ist, gesprochen habe''". He was soon followed by other leading figures from the elite and the cemetery soon developed into the most fashionable burial ground of the city.

A popular excursion spot

Around that time, excursions to the cemetery with picnic baskets and tea became a popular activity among common citizens of Copenhagen. In his account of a visit to Copenhagen in 1827, the

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

poet

Karl August Nicander Karl August Nicander (20 March 1799 — 7 February 1839) was a Swedish lyric poet Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person. It is not equivalent to son ...

fondly remembers Assistens Cemetery: The excursions sometimes evolved into rowdy gatherings and legislation was passed to prevent this. A commission established in 1805 issued instructions which prohibited the consumption of food or drink as well as music or any other kind of cheerful behaviour in the cemetery. The gravediggers, who lived on the premises, were to enforce these restrictions but they seem to have taken their duties lightly. Legislation from 1813 prohibited them to sell alcohol to visitors to the cemetery. Despite all these efforts, the desired peace and quiet was a long time in coming. For particularly grand funerals, crowds of spectators would gather, and people would festoon the cemetery walls to get a better view. To reduce numbers of visitors, there was talk of introducing admission fees, but this was never carried out.

Assistens Cemetery today

The cemetery is still serving its original purpose as a burial ground but is also a popular

tourist attraction A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement. Types Places of natural ...

, as well as the largest and most important green space in the inner part of the Nørrebro district. It is divided into sections. The oldest part is Section A and features the graves of Søren Kierkegaard and the painter

among others. Section D is dedicated to religious minorities, containing

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

and Reformed graves as well as

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

n graves. Section E is the section which originally served under Church of Our Lady.

Herman Stilling Museum

In 2003 an old horse stable in a corner of Assistens Cemetery was converted into a small museum dedicated to writer and artist Herman Stilling, a native to the Nørrebro area and mainly known for painting trolls. Apart from the permanent exhibition, the museum also contains an exhibition space for special exhibitions, a picture workshop for children and young people, and a café.

Notable interments

* Kjeld Abell * Nicolai Abildgaard * Peter Christian Abildgaard *

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* Hans Christian Andersen (buried at the Collin family grave, but the stone was moved to another graveyard in 1914,

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) * Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ * Christian Arntzen * Johan Samuel Augustin * Oluf Lundt Bang *

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* Johan Christian Severin Danielsen *

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* Otto Steen Due *

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* N. P. Hillebrandt * Tage Hind * Theodor Hirth * Angelo Hjort * Frants Christian Hjorth * Søren Hjorth *

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* Georg Holgreen * Kenny Holst * Niels Henrik Holst * Ferdinand Hoppe * C. F. E. Horneman * Emil Horneman * Christian Hornemann * Emil Hornemann *

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* Georg Howitz *

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* R.P. Ipsen * Christen Jacobsen * Palle Jacobsen * Birger Jensen *

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* Valdemar Jensen * Christian Magdalus Jespersen * Christian Magdalus Jespersen *

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* J.F. Johnstrup * Henri Alexandre Antoine de Dompierre de Jonquières * Jean André Frédéric de Dompierre de Jonquières * Jens Juel *

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* Karen Jønsson * Ellen Jørgensen * Henriette Jørgensen * Eugen Jørgensen * Elisabeth Karlinsky * Asmus Kaufmann * Søren Kierkegaard *

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* P. Knudsen *

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* Lars Andreas Kornerup * Bamse Kragh-Jacobsen * Johan Krohn * Niels Brock Krossing * Hans Ernst Krøyer *

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* Julius Lange * Florian Larsen * Johannes Ephraim Larsen * Jørgen Larsen *

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* Knud Larsen * Edvard Lembcke * Frederik L. Levy * Martin Lindblom * Leo Lipschitz * Carl Lundbye * Bianco Luno * Poul de Løvenørn * Carl F. Madsen * Finn Ejnar Madsen * Oscar Madsen * Johan Nicolai Madvig *

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* Anne Marie "madam" Mangor * Peter Mariager * Sophus Marstrand * Troels Marstrand *

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* Anton Melbye *

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* Axel Meyer * Fritz Meyer * Adam Ludvig Moltke *

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* Jakob Peter Mynster * Alfred Møller * Axel Møller * Carl Møller * Julie Møller *

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* Valdemar Møller *

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* Andreas Paulsen * Gustav Pedersen *

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Emilie Sannom Emilie Kirstine Valborg Sannom (29 September 1886 – 30 August 1931) was a Danish silent film actress and aerial acrobat. Throwing herself into the castle moat in Nordisk Film's ''Hamlet'' (1911), she became the first stunt woman in Danish cine ...

* Ragnhild Sannom * Jens August Schade * Virtus Schade * Anna Margrethe Schall *

Claus Schall Claus Nielsen Schall (28 April 1757 – 10 August 1835) was a Danish violinist and composer. Notable works *Bønderne og herrerne på lystgården (ballet 1778) *Kjærlighedens og Mistankens Magt (ballet 1780) *Savoyardinderne (ballet 1781 ...

* Henrik Scharling * Hans Scherfig * Peter Schiønning * Gottfried Wilhelm Christian von Schmettau * Marinus Schneider * Peter von Scholten * Otto Schondel * Julius Schovelin * Georg Ludvig von der Schulenburg * Frans Schwartz * Johan Adam Schwartz * Johan Georg Schwartz *

Clara Schønfeld Clara Schønfeld (born Clara Julie Christensen; 26 August 1856 – 5 May 1938) was a Danish stage and film actress whose career spanned from the late 19th century through the 1920s. Career Born Clara Julie Christensen in Roskilde, Zealand, she w ...

Emmy Schønfeld The Emmy Awards, or Emmys, are an extensive range of awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international television industry. A number of annual Emmy Award ceremonies are held throughout the calendar year, each with the ...

* Giuseppe Siboni *

Joakim Skovgaard Joakim Frederik Skovgaard (18 November 1856 – 9 March 1933) was a Danish painter. He is remembered above all for the frescos which decorate Viborg Cathedral. Biography Born in Copenhagen, from an early age he was trained in drawing and paintin ...

* P.C. Skovgaard * Caspar Wilhelm Smith * Per Sonne *

Petrine Sonne Petrine Sonne (25 November 1870 – 26 May 1946) was a Danish stage and film actress. Born Johanne Petrine Møller in Copenhagen, she was the sister of actor and cartoonist Valdemar Møller. Filmography *''Du skal ære din hustru'' - 1925 * ...

* Andreas Schack Steenberg *

Japetus Steenstrup Johannes Japetus Smith Steenstrup FRS(For) H FRSE (8 March 1813 – 20 June 1897) was a Danish zoologist, biologist, and professor. Life Born in Vang, Thy on 8 March 1813, he held a lectorate in mineralogy in Sorø until 1845 when he became ...

* Johannes Steenstrup *

Ernst Wilhelm Stibolt Ernst Wilhelm Stibolt (born 14 February 1741 29 February 1796) was a Danish naval officer and ship builder, who served in the French navy for four years.Topsøe-Jensen Vol 2 pp 554 – 557 and became a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Scienc ...

* Johanne Stockmarr *

Edvard Storm Edvard Storm (21 August 1749 – 29 September 1794) was a Norwegian poet, songwriter and educator. His writings were frequently characterized by the Norwegian romantic nationalism common to the age. Background Storm was from Vågå in Oppland, Nor ...

Michael Strunge Michael Strunge Jensen (19 June 1958 – 9 March 1986) was a Denmark, Danish poet. He is regarded as perhaps the most influential Danish postmodern poet, and his works are among the most studied poems in Denmark. As a member of the original circle ...

* Holger Strøm * Theodor Stuckenberg * Viggo Stuckenberg * Christian Sørensen * Jazz-Kay Sørensen * Søren Sørensen * Theodor Sørensen *

Thorvald Sørensen Thorvald (Thorwald) Julius Sørensen (4 July 1902 – 21 June 1973) was a Danish botanist and evolutionary biologist. Biography Sørensen was professor at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University 1953–1955 and at the University of Co ...

* C.A.F. Thomsen * Emma Thomsen * Magdalene Thoresen *

Jens Jørgen Thorsen Jens Jørgen Thorsen (2 February 1932 Holstebro – 15 November 2000) was a Danish artist, director, and jazz musician whose works sometimes created controversy. Thorsen began his artistic career attending periodically the Royal Danish Acade ...

Johan Clemens Tode Johan * Johan (given name) * ''Johan'' (film), a 1921 Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Johan Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada * Jo-Han, a manu ...

* Vilhelm Topsøe *

Dan Turèll Dan Turèll (March 19, 1946 – October 15, 1993), affectionately nicknamed "Onkel Danny" (''Uncle Danny''), was a popular Danish writer with notable influence on Danish literature. Influenced by the Beat Generation his work crossed a number of ...

* Vilhelm Tvede * August Tørsleff * Nils Ufer * Georg Ulmer * Georges Ulmer *

Moritz Unna Moritz Unna (31 December 1811, Copenhagen - 2 December 1871, Copenhagen) was a Danish Genre art, genre painter and photographer. Biography He was born to Salomon Emanuel Unna (1780-1819), a furniture dealer and auctioneer, and his wife, Jacobin ...

Jens Vahl Jens Laurentius Moestue Vahl (27 November 1796 – 12 November 1854) was a Danish botanist and pharmacist. Biography He was son of the Danish-Norwegian botanist and zoologist Martin Vahl (1749-1804). Jens Vahl graduated as a pharmacist in 181 ...

* Martin Vahl (1749-1804) * Martin Vahl (1869-1946) * Mogens Vantore *

Frederik Vermehren Johan Frederik (Frits) Nikolai Vermehren, also known as Frederik Vermehren (12 May 1823 – 10 January 1910), a genre and portrait painter in the realist style. His artistic career took place during the period of Danish art known as the Golden ...

* Martha Wærn (17411812). philanthropist * Morten Wærn * Gregers Wad *

Eugen Warming Eugen is a masculine given name which may refer to: * Archduke Eugen of Austria (1863–1954), last Habsburg Grandmaster of the Teutonic Order from 1894 to 1923 * Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke (1865–1947), Swedish painter, art collector, and pat ...

* Jens Warming *

* Carl Weitemeyer * Clemens Weller *

Caspar Wessel Caspar Wessel (8 June 1745, Vestby – 25 March 1818, Copenhagen) was a Danish– Norwegian mathematician and cartographer. In 1799, Wessel was the first person to describe the geometrical interpretation of complex numbers as points in the comp ...

* Edvard Westerberg * Johannes Wiedewelt * Christian Peder Wienberg * Anton Wilhelm Wiehe * Michael Wiehe * Carl Winsløw *

William Christopher Zeise William Christopher Zeise (15 October 1789 – 12 November 1847) was a Danish organic chemist. He is best known for synthesising one of the first organometallic compounds, named Zeise's salt in his honour. He also performed pioneering studi ...

* Otto F. Zeltner * G.C. Zinck * H.O.C. Zinck *

Josephine Zinck Josephine Amalie Zinck née Lund (1829–1919) was a Danish mezzo-soprano singer who performed in concerts at Copenhagen's Musikforeningen from the age of 18 and in operas at the Royal Danish Theatre from 1858. Biography Born in Copenhagen on 19 ...

* Ludvig Zinck * Marie Zinck * Otto Zinck * Hans Christian Ørsted

References

External links

Assistens Cemetery's website (in Danish only)

Copenhagen's cemeteries main site (in Danish only)

Folder about Assistens Cemetery in English (PDF format)

Assistens Cemetery at Find A Grave

Chapel

CWGC: Odense (Assistens) Cemetery
{{coord, 55, 41, 28, N, 12, 32, 58, E, region:DK_type:landmark, display=title 1760 establishments in Denmark Cemeteries in Copenhagen Listed buildings and structures in Nørrebro Lutheran cemeteries Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in Denmark *
Map with some locations