A coachbuilder manufactures bodies for passenger-carrying vehicles. The trade of producing coachwork began with bodies for

horse-drawn vehicle A horse-drawn vehicle is a piece of equipment pulled by one or more horses. These vehicles typically have two or four wheels and were used to carry passengers or a load. They were once common worldwide, but they have mostly been replaced by auto ...

s. Today it includes custom

automobile A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, peopl ...

s, buses, motor coaches, and railway carriages. The word "coach" was derived from the Hungarian town of

Kocs Kocs () is a village in Komárom-Esztergom county, Hungary. It lies west of Tata (Hungary), Tata and northwest of Budapest. A site of horse-drawn vehicle manufacture from the 1400s, the name is the source of the word ''carriage, coach'' and its e ...

. A vehicle body constructed by a coachbuilder may be called a "coachbuilt body" (

British English British English is the set of Variety (linguistics), varieties of the English language native to the United Kingdom, especially Great Britain. More narrowly, it can refer specifically to the English language in England, or, more broadly, to ...

) or "custom body" (

American English American English, sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of variety (linguistics), varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the Languages of the United States, most widely spoken lang ...

), and is not to be confused with a

custom car A custom car is a passenger automobile, vehicle that has been altered to engine tuning, improve its performance, change its aesthetics, or combine both. Some automotive enthusiasts in the United States want to push "styling and performance a st ...

. Prior to the popularization of

unibody A vehicle frame, also historically known as its ''chassis'', is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism. Until the 1930s, virtually every car had ...

construction in the 1960s, many independent coachbuilders built bodies on

rolling chassis A rolling chassis is the fully-assembled chassis of a motor vehicle (car, truck, bus, or other vehicle) without its coachwork, bodywork. It is equipped with running gear (engine and drivetrain) and ready for delivery to a coachbuilder to be compl ...

provided by

luxury Luxury may refer to: *Luxury goods, an economic good or service for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises *Luxury tax, a tax on products not considered essential, such as speedboats or diamonds. **Luxury tax (sports), a ...

sports car A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as Automobile handling, handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and Auto racing, racing capability. Sports cars originated in ...

manufacturers, both for individual customers and makers themselves. Marques such as

Ferrari Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello. Founded in 1939 by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988), the company built Auto Avio Costruzioni 815, its first car in 1940, adopted its current name in 1945, and be ...

originally outsourced all bodywork to coachbuilders such as

Pininfarina Pininfarina S.p.A. (; ; short for Pininfarina Società per Azioni) is an Italian automotive design, car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, Turin, Italy. The company was founded by Battista "Pinin" Farina in 1930. On 14 ...

and

Scaglietti Carrozzeria Scaglietti () was an Italian automobile design and coachbuilder, coachbuilding company active in the 1950s. It was founded by Sergio Scaglietti in 1951 as an automobile repair concern, but was located across the road from Ferrari in M ...

. Today, the coach building trade has largely shifted to making bodies for short runs of specialized commercial vehicles such as motor coaches and luxury

recreational vehicles A recreational vehicle, often abbreviated as RV, is a motor vehicle or trailer that includes living quarters designed for accommodation. Types of RVs include motorhomes, campervans, coaches, caravans (also known as travel trailers and camp ...

. A 'conversion' is built inside an existing vehicle body. Many renowned automotive coachbuilders have been based in Italy (''carrozzeria'') and France (''carrosserie'').

Terminology

Construction of specialty vehicle bodies has always been a skilled trade requiring a relatively lightweight product with sufficient strength. The manufacture of necessarily fragile, but satisfactory wheels by a separate trade, a wheelwright, held together by iron or steel

tyres A tire (North American English) or tyre (Commonwealth English) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface over w ...

, was always most critical.
From about AD 1000 rough vehicle construction was carried out by a ''wainwright'', a wagon-builder. Later names include ''cartwright'' (a carpenter who makes carts, from 1587); ''coachwright''; and ''coachmaker'' (from 1599). Subtrades include ''wheelwright'', ''coachjoiner'', etc. The word ''coachbuilder'' first appeared in 1794.

Horse-drawn vehicles

A British trade association the

Worshipful Company of Coachmakers and Coach Harness Makers The Worshipful Company of Coachmakers and Coach Harness Makers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. An organisation of Coachmakers and Wheelwrights petitioned for incorporation in 1630. The petition was granted almost fifty yea ...

was incorporated in 1630. Some British coachmaking firms operating in the 20th century were established even earlier. Rippon was active in the time of

Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign, and its effect on history ...

Barker Barker may refer to: Occupations * Barker (occupation), a person who attempts to attract patrons to entertainment events * Barker (coachbuilder), a builder of horse-drawn coaches and later of bodywork for prestige cars * a person who strips tanbar ...

founded in 1710 by an officer in Queen Anne's Guards.

Brewster Brewster may refer to: People *Brewster (surname) *Brewster Kahle (born 1960), American computer technologist * Brewster H. Shaw (born 1945), American astronaut * Grace Brewster Hopper (born 1906), American computer scientist, mathematician, and ...

, the oldest in the U.S., was formed in 1810. Coach-building had reached a high degree of specialization in Britain by the middle of the 19th century. Separate branches of the trade dealt with the timber, iron, leather, brass and other materials used in their construction. And there were many minor specialists with each of these categories. The “body-makers” produced the body or vehicle itself, while the “carriage-makers” made the stronger timbers beneath and around the body. The timbers used included ash, beech, elm, oak, mahogany, cedar, pine, birch and larch. The tools and processes used were similar to those used in cabinet-making, plus other specific to coach-making. Making the curved woodwork alone called for considerable skill. Making the iron axles, springs and other metal used was the work of the “coach-smith,” one of the most highly paid classes of London workmen. The coating of the interior of the coach with leather and painting, trimming, and decorating the exterior called for specialist tradesmen with a high degree of skill. Building carts and wagons required similar skills, but of a coarser kind.

Automobiles

From the beginning of the automobile industry manufacturers offered complete cars assembled in their own factories commonly using entire bodies made by specialist people using different skills. Soon after the start of the twentieth century mass production coachbuilders developed such as Mulliners or Pressed Steel in Great Britain,

Fisher Body Fisher Body was an automobile coachbuilder founded as the Fisher Body Company by Frederic and Charles Fisher in 1908 in Detroit, Michigan when they absorbed a fledgling autobody maker. By 1916 the concern had grown into one of the world's large ...

, Budd, Briggs in the U. S., or

Ambi-Budd Ambi-Budd was a German automobile body company founded by Edward Gowen Budd. In Germany, Edward Gowen Budd worked with Arthur Müller and set up a steel pressing plant ''Ambi Budd Presswerke'' (ABP) in the old Rumpler factory and became a succes ...

in Germany. Many other big businesses remain involved. Austin 7 Swallow at Coventry Motor Museum

Specialist market sector

There remained a market for bodies to fit low production, short-run and luxury cars. Custom or bespoke bodies were made and fitted to another manufacturer's

by the craftsmen who had previously built bodies for horse-drawn carriages. Bespoke bodies are made of hand-shaped sheet metal, often aluminum alloy. Pressed or hand-shaped metal panels were fastened to a wooden frame of particularly light but strong types of wood. Later many of the more important structural features of the bespoke or custom body such as A, B and C pillars were cast alloy components. Some bodies such as those entirely alloy bodies fitted to some

Pierce-Arrow The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company was an American Automotive industry, motor vehicle manufacturer based in Buffalo, New York, active from 1901 to 1938. Although best known for its expensive Luxury vehicle, luxury cars, Pierce-Arrow also manuf ...

cars contained little or no wood, and were mounted on a conventional steel chassis. The car manufacturer would offer for sale a chassis frame,

drivetrain A drivetrain (also frequently spelled as drive train or sometimes drive-train) or transmission system, is the group of components that deliver mechanical power from the prime mover to the driven components. In automotive engineering, the driv ...

(consisting of an engine, gearbox, differential, axles, and wheels), brakes, suspension, steering system, lighting system, spare wheel(s), front and rear mudguards (vulnerable and so made of pressed steel for strength and easy repair) and (later) bumpers, scuttle (firewall) and

dashboard A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel or IP, or fascia) is a control panel (engineering), control panel set within the central console of a vehicle, boat, or cockpit of an aircraft or spacecraft. Usually located directly ahead of the ...

. The very easily damaged

honeycomb radiator A honeycomb is a mass of Triangular prismatic honeycomb#Hexagonal prismatic honeycomb, hexagonal prismatic cells built from beeswax by honey bees in their beehive, nests to contain their brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae) and stores of honey and pol ...

, later enclosed and protected by a shell or even reduced to an air intake, was or held the visual element identifying the chassis' brand. To let car manufacturers maintain some level of control over the final product their warranties could be voided if coachbuilders fitted unapproved bodies. As well as bespoke bodies the same coachbuilders also made short runs of more-or-less identical bodies to the order of dealers or the manufacturer of a chassis. The same body design might then be adjusted to suit different brands of chassis. Examples include Salmons & Sons' ''Tickford'' bodies with a patent device to raise or lower a convertible's roof, first used on their 19th-century carriages, or ''Wingham'' convertible bodies by Martin Walter.

Ultra-luxury vehicles

Larger car dealers or distributors would commonly preorder stock chassis and the bodies they thought most likely to sell and order them for sale off their showroom floor. All luxury vehicles during the automobile's Golden Era before World War II were available as chassis only. For example, when

Duesenberg Duesenberg Automobile & Motors Company, Inc. was an American race car, racing and luxury car, luxury automobile manufacturer founded in Indianapolis, Indiana, by brothers Fred Duesenberg, Fred and August Duesenberg in 1920. The company is kn ...

introduced their Model J, it was offered as chassis only, for $8,500. Other examples include the

Bugatti Type 57 The Bugatti Type 57 and later variants (including the famous Atlantic and Atalante) was a grand tourer built from 1934 through 1940. It was an entirely new design created by Jean Bugatti, son of founder Ettore. A total of 710 Type 57s were pr ...

Cadillac V-16 The Cadillac V-16 (also known as the Cadillac Sixteen) was Cadillac's top-of-the-line model from its January 1930 launch until 1940. The V16 powered car was a first in the United States, both extremely expensive and exclusive, with every chassis ...

Packard Twelve The Packard Twelve was a range of V12-engined luxury automobiles built by the Packard Motor Car Company in Detroit, Michigan. The car was built from model year 1916 until 1923, then it returned 1933 until 1939. As a sign of changing times, the m ...

Ferrari 250 The Ferrari 250 is a series of sports cars and grand tourers built by Ferrari from 1952 to 1964. The company's most successful early line, the 250 series includes many variants designed for road use or sports car racing. 250 series cars are chara ...

, Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8,

Hispano-Suiza J12 The Hispano-Suiza J12 is a luxury automobile that was made by Hispano-Suiza in France from 1931 to 1938. It was the largest and most expensive car ever built by Hispano-Suiza. It replaced the Hispano-Suiza H6. The J12 was only available as a chass ...

, and all

Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce (always hyphenated) may refer to: * Rolls-Royce Limited, a British manufacturer of cars and later aero engines, founded in 1906, now defunct Automobiles * Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the current car manufacturing company incorporated in ...

s produced before World War II. Delahaye had no in-house coachworks, so all its chassis were bodied by independents, who created their designs on the Type 135. For the

Delahaye Delahaye was a family-owned automobile manufacturing company, founded by Émile Delahaye in 1894 in Tours, France. Manufacturing was moved to Paris following incorporation in 1898 with two marriage-related brothers-in-law, George Morane and Le ...

, most were bodied by

Chapron Henri Chapron (30 December 1886 - 14 May 1978) was a prominent French automobile coachbuilder. His carrosserie, created in 1919, was located in the Paris suburb of Levallois-Perret. History Chapron was born in Nouan-le-Fuzelier (Sologne), and be ...

, Labourdette,

Franay Franay was a French coachbuilder operating at Levallois-Perret, a suburb on the prosperous north-western edge of Paris. The company was founded in 1903 by Jean-Baptiste Franay, a carriage upholsterer, following an apprenticeship with Binder. It was ...

Saoutchik Saoutchik was a French coachbuilding company founded in 1906 and based in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris. The company was one of the best-known coachbuilders in France in the 1920s and 1930s and, together with Figoni et Falaschi and Franay, is consi ...

Figoni et Falaschi Figoni et Falaschi is a French luxury brand and coachbuilder firm which was active from 1935 through to the 1950s. The designs were created by Giuseppe Figoni, while his partner Ovidio Falaschi ran the business. Early history: Figoni Giuseppe ...

, or Pennock. The practice continued after World War II waning dramatically in the 1950s and 1960s. Rolls-Royce debuted its first

model, their Silver Shadow, in 1965.

Obsolescence

Separate coachbuilt bodies became obsolete when vehicle manufacturers found they could no longer meet their customers' demands by relying on a simple separate rolling chassis (on which a custom body could be built).

Unibody A vehicle frame, also historically known as its ''chassis'', is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism. Until the 1930s, virtually every car had ...

monocoque Monocoque ( ), also called structural skin, is a structural system in which loads are supported by an object's external skin, in a manner similar to an egg shell. The word ''monocoque'' is a French term for "single shell". First used for boats, ...

combined chassis and body structures began to become standardised past the midpoint of the 20th century to enhance rigidity to meet the demands of improved suspension systems, reduce weight, increase gas mileage, and importantly reduce manufacturing costs. Independent coachbuilders survived for a time after the mid-20th century, making bodies for rolling chassis provided by low-production companies such as

, and

Bentley Bentley Motors Limited is a British designer, manufacturer and marketer of Luxury vehicle, luxury cars and Sport utility vehicle, SUVs. Headquartered in Crewe, England, the company was founded by W. O. Bentley (1888–1971) in 1919 in Crickle ...

. Producing metal body

die Die, as a verb, refers to death, the cessation of life. Die may also refer to: Games * Die, singular of dice, small throwable objects used for producing random numbers Manufacturing * Die (integrated circuit), a rectangular piece of a semicondu ...

s is extremely expensive (a single door die can run to

US$ The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...

40,000), which is usually only considered practical in large-scale mass production—though that was the path taken by Rolls-Royce and Bentley after 1945 for their own in-house body-on-frame production. Because dies for pressing metal panels are so costly, from the mid 20th century, many vehicles, most notably the

Chevrolet Corvette The Chevrolet Corvette is a line of American two-door, two-seater sports cars manufactured and marketed by General Motors under the Chevrolet marque since 1953. Throughout eight generations, indicated sequentially as C1 to C8, the Corvette is not ...

, were constructed out of

fiberglass Fiberglass (American English) or fibreglass (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English) is a common type of fibre-reinforced plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. The fibers may be randomly arranged, flattened i ...

-reinforced resin, which only require inexpensive molds made of any suitable materials that can stand the application of lightweight pliable materials in their uncured state, not stand up to the stress of being struck in a metal press. When cost is not a major consideration and weight-saving is of paramount importance, fiberglass has since been replaced by newer materials such as

carbon fiber Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (American English), carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers ( Commonwealth English), carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, carbon-fiber reinforced-thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP), also known as carbon fiber, carbon comp ...

, if necessary hand-formed.

Unibody construction

Citroen DS Cabriolet Classic-Days 2022 IMG 7243

The advent of

construction, where the car body is unified with and structurally integral to the chassis, made custom coachbuilding uneconomic. Many coachbuilders closed down, were bought by manufacturers, or changed their core business to other activities: *Transforming into dedicated design or styling houses, subcontracting to automotive brands (e.g.

Zagato Zagato is a Coachbuilder, coachbuilding company founded by Ugo Zagato in 1919. The design center of the company is located in Terrazzano, a village near Rho, Lombardy, Italy. History The 1910s: Aeronautics Ugo Zagato was an Italians, Italian ...

, Frua,

Bertone Gruppo Bertone, commonly known as Bertone, was an Italian industrial design company which specialized in Automotive design, car styling, coachbuilder, coachbuilding and Contract manufacturer, manufacturing. It was also a Automotive industry in ...

) *Transforming into general coachwork series manufacturers, subcontracting to automotive brands (e.g.

Karmann Wilhelm Karmann GmbH, commonly known as Karmann, was a German automobile manufacturer and contract manufacturer based in Osnabrück, Germany. Founded by Wilhelm Karmann in 1901, the company specialised in various automotive roles, including d ...

Vignale Vignale is the luxury car sub-brand of Ford Motor Company used in automobiles sold in Europe.Pininfarina Pininfarina S.p.A. (; ; short for Pininfarina Società per Azioni) is an Italian automotive design, car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, Turin, Italy. The company was founded by Battista "Pinin" Farina in 1930. On 14 ...

) *Manufacturing runs of special coachworks for trucks, delivery vans, touring cars, ambulances, fire engines, public transport vehicles, etc. (e.g., Pennock,

Van Hool Van Hool NV () was a Belgium, Belgian coachbuilder and manufacturer of buses, Coach (bus), coaches, trolleybuses, and Semi-trailer, trailers. Most of the buses and coaches were built entirely by Van Hool, with engines and axles sourced from C ...

Plaxton Plaxton is an English builder of bus and coach vehicle bodies based in Eastfield, North Yorkshire, England. Founded in 1907 by Frederick William Plaxton, it became a subsidiary of Alexander Dennis in May 2007. In 2019, the maker was acqui ...

Heuliez Heuliez was a French carrosserie that worked as a production and design unit for various automakers. It specialized in producing short series for niche markets, such as convertibles or station-wagons. The business activity ended on 31 October ...

) *Becoming technical partners for the development of roof constructions (e.g.,

), for example, or producers of various (aftermarket) automotive parts (e.g.,

Giannini Giannini may refer to: * Giannini (surname), Italian surname * Giannini Automobili, Italian tuning company and a former producer of cars * Giannini (guitar company), Brazilian musical instruments manufacturing company * Giannini Hall, historic ...

)

Gallery

File:Lancia Belna Cabriolet 1935 Pourtout.jpg,

Pourtout Carrosserie Pourtout was a French coachbuilding company. Founded by Marcel Pourtout in 1925, the firm is best known for its work in the decades prior to World War II, when it created distinctive and prestigious bodies for cars from numerous Europ ...

drophead coupé on a

Lancia Belna Lancia Automobiles S.p.A. () is an Italian car manufacturer and a subsidiary of Stellantis Europe, which is the European subsidiary of Stellantis. The present legal entity of Lancia was formed in January 2007 when its corporate parent reorganise ...

chassis 1935 File:Coys vintage car 501593 fh000035.jpg, Touring 2-seater body on a 1938 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300B chassis File:Alfa Romeo 1900 SS Ghia.jpg, Fixed head coupé by

Ghia Carrozzeria Ghia SpA (established 1916 in Turin) is an Italian automobile design and coachbuilding firm, established by Giacinto Ghia and Gariglio as "Carrozzeria Ghia & Gariglio". The headquarters are located at Corso Guglielmo Marconi, 4, Tu ...

1954 on an

Alfa Romeo 1900 The Alfa Romeo 1900 is an automobile produced by Italian car manufacturer Alfa Romeo from 1950 until 1959. Designed by Orazio Satta, it was an important development for Alfa Romeo as the marque's first car built entirely on a production line and ...

SS chassis File:VW Hebmüller-Cabriolet bicolor vl TCE.jpg, Hebmüller Cabriolet modifications upon a mass-produced Volkswagen platform chassis

List of automobile coachbuilders

Coachbuilders by nation have included:

Austria

*ABC Auto-Karosseriefabrik *Armbruster *Josef Breiter *Carl Blaha & Söhne *Karl Czerny *Johann Grimas *Franz Hanek *Johann Heinrich *Hölbl * *Kastenhofer *Ferdinand Keibl *Kohlruss *Köllensperger *Wilhelm Kübler *Lohner *Öffag *Reichelt * *Brüder Schafranek *Schreiner & Blaha *A. Schwanzar *Stadtherr & Klimesch *Josef Swoboda *Wiener Karosserie-Fabrik *Weingartshofer & Griess *

Belgium

*Auto-Carrosserie Nationale *Bidée *Bogaerts, Stoelen & Van Ouytsel *Bousson *Carrosserie Parisienne *Colson *

Jacques Coune Jacques Coune (1924-2012) was a Belgian coach builder who designed and built a variety of specials via his company ''Carrosserie Jacques Coune'', and was a co-founder of the Ecurie Nationale Belge F1 team. Early and racing career Coune was born in ...

D'Ieteren D'Ieteren Group SA/NV is a company, based in Belgium that is engaged in automobile distribution and vehicle glass repair and replacement (VGRR) and other industrial activities related to spare parts. History Founded by master coachbuilder ...

*De Mola *De Ruytter *De Wolf *Delisse *Dens *Devaux *Driessens & Oblin *Feval *Franeau *Gamette *Généraux *Grümmer (Bruxelles) *Jean Hackir *Hofkens *Joachim *

Jonckheere Jonckheere was a Belgian motor Coach (vehicle), coach and bus builder, founded in 1881 by Henri Jonckheere in Roeselare. History In 1881, Henri Jonckheere began building horse-drawn carriages in the village of Beveren, near Roeselare in the ...

*Lahaye *Lefèvre & Heuvels *Lilien *Lorenz & Walch *Louis Maes *Matthys & Osy *Meeussen *Monchamps *Navez *Oblin *Phlups *Pritchard & Demollin *Purnelle *Seghers & Fils *Snutsel *Simons *Sprengers *TTT *

Vanden Plas Vanden Plas is the name of coachbuilders who produced bodies for specialist and up-market automobile manufacturers. Latterly the name became a top-end luxury model designation for cars from subsidiaries of British Leyland and the Rover Group, ...

*Van Dun *

*Van Muylder *Verhaest *Verwilt * *Vogt & Demeuse *Walch

China

*The Auto Palace Co (Shanghai) *The Central Garage Company (Shanghai) *China Motors LTD (Shanghai) *Grand Garage Français (Shanghai) *H.S. Honisberg & Co., Inc. *Hudford Garage (Shanghai) *The Shanghai Horse Bazaar and Motor Company Limited (Shanghai) *Universal Motor Car & Body Works (Shanghai)

Czech Republic

*Bohemia *Brozik *Fischer *Jech *Kadrmas *

Karosa Karosa (, ) was a bus manufacturer in Vysoké Mýto in the Czech Republic. It was the biggest manufacturer of buses in Czechoslovakia. In 2007, its name was changed to Iveco, Iveco Czech Republic, and now the company produces buses under the name ...

*Klubal & Co. *Julius Kubinsky *Leitner *Lepil *Petera *Plachy *Pokorny & Beiwl *Snydr *

Sodomka Sodomka was a Czech coachbuilding company founded in 1895. They bodied cars and buses from various Czech companies (Aero, Laurin & Klement, Praga, Škoda, Tatra, Walter), as well as foreign cars (e.g. Bugatti, Ford, Graham, Lancia, Nash, Rol ...

*Spacil *Antonin Tomas

Denmark

*Aagaard *Andreasen *Asnæs *Carsten Jakobsen *Dansk Karosseri Fabrik *Funder *I. C. Hansen *J.H. Jensen *Næsby *Nørrebros *Odsherred *Vesterbros

France

*Achard, Fontanel & Cie (

Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

) *Ailloud & Dumond (

) *Alin & Liautard (

Courbevoie Courbevoie () is a Communes of France, commune located in the Hauts-de-Seine department of the Île-de-France region of France. It is a suburb of Paris, from the Kilometre zero, center of Paris. The centre of Courbevoie is situated from the ci ...

) * Amiot (

Dinard Dinard (; , ; Gallo: ''Dinard'') is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department, Brittany, northwestern France. Dinard is on the Côte d'Émeraude of Brittany. Its beaches and mild climate make it a holiday destination, and this has resul ...

Dinan Dinan (; ) is a walled Brittany, Breton town and a commune in France, commune in the Côtes-d'Armor Departments of France, department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2018, the former commune of Léhon was merged into Dinan. Geography Inst ...

) *André Roze *Angé (

Toulouse Toulouse (, ; ; ) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department and of the Occitania (administrative region), Occitania region. The city is on the banks of the Garonne, River Garonne, from ...

) *Ansart & Teisseire (

Neuilly Neuilly-sur-Seine (; 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department just west of Paris in France. Immediately adjacent to the city, north of the Bois de Boulogne, the area is composed of ...

) * Antem *Arthur Boulogne *Aubertin *Audineau *Augereau ( Brou) * Autobineau (

) *Baehr *Bail (Paris) *Baqué (

) *Barbier (

Cannes Cannes (, ; , ; ) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a communes of France, commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions Internatio ...

) *Barou *Bedel *

Belvallette Frères Belvallette Frères, often spelled "Belvalette Frères", was a French company that manufactured carriages and other vehicles. History The Belvallette family company was founded by Jacques Belvallette (1785–1855) in 1804 in Boulogne-sur-Mer o ...

*Bergeon & Descoins *Berlioz & Gouillon (Paris) *Berluteau (

Melun Melun () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about from the centre of the capital. Melun is the prefecture of Seine-et-Marne, ...

) *Bernin (

Tours Tours ( ; ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Indre-et-Loire. The Communes of France, commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabita ...

) *Berton-Labourdette *Besset (

Annonay Annonay (; ) is a Communes of France, commune and largest city in the north of the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France. It is the most populous commune in the Ardèche department although it is not the ...

) *Beuzelin *Bigatti (

) *Binder *Boneberge (Lyon) *Bonneville & Chabrol (

) *Boré (

Saint-Lô Saint-Lô (, ; ) is a Communes of France, commune in northwest France, the capital of the Manche department in the region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy.Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

) *Carrier (

Argenteuil Argenteuil () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Argenteuil is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, ...

Alençon Alençon (, , ; ) is a commune in Normandy, France, and the capital of the Orne department. It is situated between Paris and Rennes (about west of Paris) and a little over north of Le Mans. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alen� ...

) *Candelarési (Lyon) *Carde & fils (

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( ; ; Gascon language, Gascon ; ) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde Departments of France, department, southwestern France. A port city, it is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the Prefectures in F ...

) *Chabrol (Toulouse) *Chapelle & Jabouille *

Chappe et Gessalin Chappe et Gessalin is the short-form of the name of French coachbuilder "Carrosserie Chappe Frères et Gessalin". The company built automobile bodies and did contract assembly for other automobile manufacturers. It was also the parent of Automobil ...

, (

Brie-Comte-Robert Brie-Comte-Robert () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Brie-Comte-Robert is on the edge of the plain of Brie and was formerly the capital of the ''Brie française''. "Brie" come ...

) *

(Levallois-Perret) *

Philippe Charbonneaux Philippe Charbonneaux (18 February 1917 – 4 June 1998) was a French industrial designer, best known for automobile and truck design, but also known for other products such as television sets. Many of his works are now exhibited in places su ...

*Chatellard (Toulouse) *Chaussende (Lyon) * Chausson ( Asnières,

Gennevilliers Gennevilliers () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department of Île-de-France. It is located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris. History On 9 April 1929, ...

) *Chavet *Chéreau (

Avranches Avranches (; ) is a commune in the Manche department, and the region of Normandy, northwestern France. It is a subprefecture of the department. The inhabitants are called ''Avranchinais''. History Middle Ages By the end of the Roman period, th ...

) *Chesnot *Chicot (Levallois) *Chilbourg (Paris) *Clabot (

Alfortville Alfortville () is a Communes of France, commune in the Val-de-Marne Departments of France, department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. It is one of the 13 communes in the interc ...

) *Crouzier *Currus *

Darl'mat Émile Darl'mat (1892–1970) was the creator and owner of a Peugeot distributor with a car body business established at the rue de l'Université in Paris in 1923. In the 1930s the firm gained prominence as a low volume manufacturer of Peugeot-b ...

(Paris) *Declerq & Cordonnier (

Lille Lille (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city in the northern part of France, within French Flanders. Positioned along the Deûle river, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France Regions of France, region, the Prefectures in F ...

Roubaix Roubaix ( , ; ; ; ) is a city in northern France, located in the Lille metropolitan area on the Belgian border. It is a historically mono-industrial Communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, depar ...

) *De Corvaia *DeCostier (Boulogne s/Seine) *Decultil & Cie (Lyon) *Delaroche & Turquet (

Le Mans Le Mans (; ) is a Communes of France, city in Northwestern France on the Sarthe (river), Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the Provinces of France, province of Maine (province), Maine, it is now the capital of ...

) *Delaugère (

Orléans Orléans (,"Orleans"
(US) and Pantin Pantin () is a Communes of France, commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. In 2019 its population was estimated to be 59,846. Pantin is located on the edge of ...

) *Desvaux (

Rueil Rueil-Malmaison () or simply Rueil is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France region. It is located from the centre of Paris. It is one of the wealthiest suburbs of Paris. Name Rueil-Malma ...

) *De Villars *Di Rosa (

La Garenne-Colombes La Garenne-Colombes () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from Notre Dame de Paris, France's kilometre zero. Name The commune used to be part of the neighbouring city of Colombes. At t ...

) *Drouet & Gaucher (Courbevoie) *Driquet *Maurice Dumas (

) *Louis Dubos (Neuilly) *Dubos (

Puteaux Puteaux () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine department, from the centre of Paris. La Défense, Paris's business district hosting the tallest buildings in the metropolitan ...

) *Duchesne *Duhamel et Compagnie (Paris) *Durisotti *Dupont *Duval *Duvivier (Levallois-Perret) *Ehrler (Paris) *Ehmgard et Delbenque (Paris) *Esclassan – Tôlerie automobile et industrielle (Boulogne s/Seine) * Facel-Métallon (

Dreux Dreux () is a Communes of France, commune in the Eure-et-Loir Departments of France, department in northern France. Geography Dreux lies on the small river Blaise (river), Blaise, a tributary of the Eure (river), Eure, about 35 km north of Cha ...

) *Faget & Varnet (Levallois) *Faurax (Paris since 1808, later

) *Faurax & Chaussende (since 1920, Lyon) *Felber frères (Puteaux) * Fernandez & Darrin (Paris) *

(Boulogne s/Seine) *Firmin (Paris) *Fleury (

Thonon Thonon-les-Bains (; ), often simply referred to as Thonon, is a subprefecture of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. In 2018, the commune had a population of 35,241. Thonon-les-Bains is part of a ...

) *Floquet (Saint-Amand) *Forrler (

Strasbourg Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departmen ...

) *Fournier (

Suresnes Suresnes () is a commune in the western inner suburbs of Paris, France. Located in Hauts-de-Seine, from the centre of Paris, it had a population of 49,482 as of 2020. Suresnes borders the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, ...

) *

(Levallois-Perret) *Frugier (Toulouse, Limoges) *Gallé (Boulogne s/Seine) *Gangloff (

Colmar Colmar (; ; or ) is a city and commune in the Haut-Rhin department and Alsace region of north-eastern France. The third-largest commune in Alsace (after Strasbourg and Mulhouse), it is the seat of the prefecture of the Haut-Rhin department ...

) *Garros (Toulouse) * Gaston Grümmer *Gaudichet & Turquet (

) *Henri Gauthier (

Villeurbanne Villeurbanne (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. It is situated northeast of Lyon, with which it forms the heart of the second-largest metropolitan area in France ...

) *Gilotte (Courbevoie) *Girardo frères (

) *Grange frères (Valence-sur-Rhône) *Gras (

Dijon Dijon (, ; ; in Burgundian language (Oïl), Burgundian: ''Digion'') is a city in and the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Côte-d'Or Departments of France, department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in eas ...

) *Gruau ( Laval) *Guilloré *Léon Hanovre (Paris) *Hénon (

Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert Computers, Inc., a computer manufacturer in the 1980s * Albert Czech Republic, a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street mar ...

) *Henry ( Nancy) *

(

Cerizay Cerizay () is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. History The name ''Cerizay'' probably originated during the closing centuries of the Roman occupation. During the Middle Ages the old ...

) *

Hibbard & Darrin Carrosserie Hibbard et Darrin was a French coachbuilder located 12 Rue de Berri in Paris, just off the Champs-Élysées. Owned by two Americans, Hibbard and Darrin, it built bodies for various luxury car chassis, including Rolls-Royce, Duesenberg a ...

(Paris) *Carrosserie Industrielle *Jamet (La Guerche,

Berry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples of berries in the cul ...

) *Jeanteaud (Paris) *Jouan, carrosserie de cuirs (

Clichy Clichy may refer to: * Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris Other places in or near Paris * Canton of Clichy, a Hauts-de-Seine administrative division, of which the commune of Clichy is the seat * Clichy-sous-B ...

) *Jousse & Parsy (

Montargis Montargis () is a commune in the Loiret department, Centre-Val de Loire, France. Montargis is the seventh most populous commune in the Centre-Val de Loire ''région'', and the second in the Loiret ''département'' after Orléans. It is near ...

) *Justrobe (Toulouse) *Kellner (Paris) *Kelsch (Levallois) *Klapper (Toulouse) *Kraemers fils (Paris) *Labarre ( Evreux) *Labbé (

Lamballe Lamballe (; ; Gallo: ''Lanball'') is a town and a former commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Lamballe-Armor. It lies on the river Gouessant east ...

) *La Carrosserie Industrielle (

) *Lacoste frères (Toulouse) *Lagache & Glaszmann (

Montrouge Montrouge () is a Communes of France, commune in the southern Parisian suburbs, located from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. After a long period of decline, the population has increased agai ...

) *Lagogué (

) * (Vonnat) *Lamplugh & Cie (Levallois-Perret) *Lavocat & Marsaud *

Letourneur et Marchand Letourneur & Marchand, located in the prosperous Paris suburb Neuilly-sur-Seine, was a car body manufacturing business which became one of the last French coachbuilders. Origins and growth 1905 - 1939 The company was founded by Jean-Marie Letou ...

(Neuilly) *Le Vieux (Paris) *Lourtioux (

Montluçon Montluçon (; ) is a commune in central France on the river Cher. It is the largest commune in the Allier department, although the department's prefecture is located in the smaller town of Moulins. Its inhabitants are known as ''Montluçonna ...

) *Mamy (

Besançon Besançon (, ; , ; archaic ; ) is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerland. Capi ...

) *Mandement (Toulouse) * Manessius (Puteaux) *Maron-Pot (Levallois-Perret) *Massias (Toulouse) *Mercier (

) *Meulemeester (

) *Michel (

Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...

) *

Million-Guiet Million-Guiet was a French coachbuilding company. History The company was founded in 1854 to manufacture carriages in Paris. In 1900, the production of car bodies began. At that time, the company was based in Levallois-Perret. Until 1914, the ...

*Monjardet (

) *Montel & fils (

Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...

) *Morel (Paris) *Morin (

Parthenay Parthenay (; Poitevin: ''Partenaes'') is an ancient fortified town and ''commune'' in the Deux-Sèvres department of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It is sited on a rocky spur that is surrounded on two sides by the Ri ...

) *Morin (

Rennes Rennes (; ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in Northwestern France at the confluence of the rivers Ille and Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the Brittany (administrative region), Brittany Regions of F ...

) *Mühlbacher & fils (Puteaux) *Nicolas (

Angoulême Angoulême (; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Engoulaeme''; ) is a small city in the southwestern French Departments of France, department of Charente, of which it is the Prefectures of France, prefecture. Located on a plateau overlooking a meander of ...

) *Ottin (

) *Paul Née *Philippe Mühlbacher (

) *Pelpel (Noyal s/Vilaine) *Petitprez & Verschure (

Tourcoing Tourcoing (; ; ; ) is a city in northern France on the Belgian border. It is designated municipally as a commune within the department of Nord. Located to the north-northeast of Lille, adjacent to Roubaix, Tourcoing is the chef-lieu of two ca ...

) *Pezet (Toulouse) *Phaetonia (

) *Plante ( Pau) *Poinsenet ( Epernay) *

(

Rueil-Malmaison Rueil-Malmaison () or simply Rueil is a Communes of France, commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department, Île-de-France Regions of France, region. It is located from the centre of Paris. It is ...

) *Pralavorio Simon (

Montplaisir) *Privat (

) *Pruneville (

) *Radovitch (

Reims Reims ( ; ; also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French Departments of France, department of Marne (department), Marne, and the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, 12th most populous city in Fran ...

) *Rambert & fils (

Clermont-Ferrand Clermont-Ferrand (, , ; or simply ; ) is a city and Communes of France, commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regions of France, region, with a population of 147,284 (2020). Its metropolitan area () had 504,157 inhabitants at the 2018 ...

) *Raquin (

Montrichard Montrichard () is a town and former commune in the Loir-et-Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montrichard Val de Cher. During the French Revolution, the commune was known as . ...

) *Rasp (Paris) *Ravistre & Martel (

) *Repusseau & Cie (Levallois-Perret) *Rétif (

Sancoins Sancoins () is a Communes of France, commune in the Cher (department), Cher Departments of France, department in the Centre-Val de Loire Regions of France, region of France. Geography An area of farming and associated light industry comprising a ...

) *Rheims & Auscher, La Carrosserie Industrielle (Levallois-Perret) *Rousseau (

) *Rungette (Levallois-Perret) *

(Neuilly) *Soulé (Toulouse) *Spinnewyn (

) *Surirey (Flers) *Tassé (

Pontchâteau Pontchâteau (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Loire-Atlantique Departments of France, department in western France. Population Communications Pontchâteau is located at a major crossroads, at the junction of the RN 165, the Nante ...

) *Tirbois (

Niort Niort (; Poitevin: ''Niàu''; ; ) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres. The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the urban area. Geography T ...

) *Tizot & Viguier (

) *Tremble (

) *Tual (Tredion) *Vallas (St-Just en Chevalet) *Van den Bussche (

) *Van den Hende (

) * Vanvooren (Courbevoie) *Vedrine & Cie (Courbevoie) *Verplancke (

) *Veuillet (Fleurieu-sur-Seine) *Vinet *VOG (

Chartres Chartres () is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir Departments of France, department in the Centre-Val de Loire Regions of France, region in France. It is located about southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 1 ...

, Neuilly) *Wanaverbecq (

Lambersart Lambersart () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. This commune is located in the Métropole Européenne de Lille, and is a suburb of the city of Lille, bordering it on its northwest side. Inhabitants of the town are ca ...

) *Wantz (

Meaux Meaux () is a Communes of France, commune on the river Marne (river), Marne in the Seine-et-Marne Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in the Functional area (France), metropolitan area of Paris, Franc ...

) *Warengehm (

Levallois-Perret Levallois-Perret () is a Communes of France, commune in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department and Île-de-France Regions of France, region of north-central France. It lies on the right bank of the Seine, some from the Kilometre z ...

) * Weymann (Paris) *Widerkehr (

) *Willy van den Plas (Paris,

)

Germany

* * Autenrieth * Baur *

Binz Binz is the largest seaside resort city on the German island of Rügen. It is situated between the bay of Prorer Wiek and the ''Schmachter See'' (a lake) in the southeast of the island. To the north of Binz stretches the Schmale Heide (the "na ...

*Buhne * Dannenhauer & Stauss *

Deutsch Deutsch ( , ) or Deutsche ( , ) may refer to: * or : the German language or in particular Standard German, spoken in central European countries and other places *Old High German language refers to Deutsch as a way to define the primary characteris ...

* * * Erdmann & Rossi *Friederich * Gläser *Glüer *Grümmer (Aachen) * Hebmüller * * Kässbohrer *

*Kathe *

Keinath Keinath Automobilbau was a car manufacturer based in Reutlingen, Germany owned and operated by Horst Keinath. The company began by producing a convertible variant of the Opel Monza, and the Vauxhall Cavalier Mark 2. Along with Hammond & Thiede a ...

* *Konigsberg *(Husum) * Kühlstein * *Johann Michael Mayer (

München Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

) *Mengelbier (

Aachen Aachen is the List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population, 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants. Aachen is locat ...

) *

Neoplan Neoplan Bus GmbH is a German automotive company that manufactures buses, trolleybuses and coaches. It became a subsidiary of MAN Truck & Bus SE in 2001. History Early days The company was founded by (1903–1993) in Stuttgart in 19 ...

*Neuss *Nowack *Papler *Plenikowski (

Hartha Hartha is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated 11 km west of Döbeln, and 12 km north of Mittweida. Personalities * Carl Grünberg (1847–1906), woven goods manufacturer in Hartha and politici ...

) *Rembrandt *

Reutter Reuter or Reutter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Reuter * Christian Reuter (1665– 1712), writer * Edzard Reuter (1928–2024), Daimler-Benz manager * Émile Reuter (1874–1973), Luxembourgian politician * Enzio Reuter (1 ...

Rometsch Karosserie Friedrich Rometsch, a German Metallurgy, metallurgical-coachbuilding company based in Halensee, Berlin-Halensee, Nestorstrasse 41, manufactured, modified, and repaired coaches, Trailer (vehicle), trailers, bodies and chassis. History ...

Setra Setra is a German bus brand of Daimler Buses, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler Truck AG. The name "Setra" comes from "selbsttragend" (self-supporting). This refers to the integral nature of the construction of the vehicles back in ...

*Spohn * Styling Garage *Szase *Voll & Ruhrbeck *Weinberger, Karl *Weinberger, Ludwig *Weinsberg * Wendler

Greece

*Tangalakis

Hungary

*Antal Zupka *Balogh *Glattfelder *István Tücsök *Lajos Zupka *Ludovika *Metallo *Misura *Nagy Géza *Schillinger *Uhri *Gyula Varga

India

DC Design Dilip Chhabria is an Indian car designer and the founder of DC Design. He designed and manufactured the DC Avanti, which is considered India's first sports car. In 2020, he was arrested for running a car scam. Biography Dilip Chhabria graduate ...

*Dykes & Co *French Motor Car & Electric Co *Press & Co *Ruby Industries *Simpson & Co *Steuart

Indonesia

*Adi Putro *Antika Raya *Cipta Karya *Delima Jaya *Gunung Mas *Hartono Putra *KenKa *Laksana *Mekar Jaya *Morodadi Prima *New Armada *Nusantara Gemilang *Piala Mas *Rahayu Santosa *Restu Ibu *SKA *Stadabus *Tentrem *Trisakti *Tugas Anda *Tugas Kita *Tuksedo Studio

Ireland

*Booth Bros *Duffy Coachbodies *

O'Gorman O'Gorman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Áine O'Gorman (born 1989), Irish footballer * Camila O'Gorman (1828–1848), wealthy socialite and figure of scandal in 19th century Argentina * Chevalier O'Gorman (1732–1809), ...

*Pierce

Italy

*Accossato * Ala d'Oro *Albanesi *

Alessio Alessio is an Italian male name, Italian form of Alexius. Individuals with the given name Alessio *Alessio Ascalesi (1872–1952), Italian cardinal * Alessio Bandieri (born 1974), Italian footballer * Alessio Boni (born 1966), Italian actor * A ...

* Allemano *Ansaloni *Aprile *Ares Design *Arrigo Perini *Auto Sport * Autodromo *Balbo *Beccaria & Canè *Beccaris & Teraschi *Belloni *

*Bertolini *

Bizzarrini Bizzarrini S.p.A. was an Italian automotive manufacturer. In 1964, the company was founded by former Alfa Romeo, Ferrari and Iso (automobile), Iso engineer Giotto Bizzarrini. The company built a small number of highly developed and advanced sport ...

Boano Boano Island is an island in West Seram Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia. It is located off the northern coast of the Hoamoal Peninsula at the western end of Seram Island, across the Boano Strait. The inhabitants speak the Boano and Luhu ...

*Bollani * Boneschi *Borsani *Bottazzi *Brianza *Campana *Canta *Capozzi & Peraldo *Caprera *Casaro *Cattelan * Caselani * Castagna * Cecomp *

Coggiola Coggiola is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about northeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,285 and an area of .All demographic ...

* Colli *Conrotto *Corna *

Coriasco Carrozzeria Coriasco S.p.A. is a former Italian company which developed and produced automobile coachwork, with a focus on commercial derivatives of popular Fiat vehicles. History After a failed attempt in 1920 with his brothers, Giovanni Co ...

De Simon De Simon Group S.p.A. is a bus manufacturer and coachbuilder based in Osoppo, Udine, Italy. History The company was founded in 1925 by Giovanni De Simon, who started assembling wooden-body buses for the local public transport. Later, unde ...

*Drogo *Dux *Ellena *Eurostyle *Faina *Fantuzzi * Farina *Fiandri & Malagoli *Filacchione * Fioravanti * Fissore *Fona *Fontana * Frua * Garavini *

Ghia-Aigle Carrosserie Ghia S.A., Aigle (established 1948 in Aigle, Switzerland, closed 1988) was a Swiss automobile design and manufacturing company, commonly referred to as Ghia-Aigle. Established by P. P. Filippi of Torino, the company originally oper ...

Giugiaro Giorgetto Giugiaro (; born 7 August 1938) is an Italian automotive designer. He has worked on supercars and popular everyday vehicles. He was named Car Designer of the Century in 1999 and inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2002. He w ...

*Gransport *Grazia * I.DE.A *Introzzi *

Italdesign Italdesign-Giugiaro S.p.A. () is a design and engineering company and brand based in Moncalieri, Italy, that traces its roots to the 1968 foundation of Studi Italiani Realizzazione Prototipi S.p.A. by Giorgetto Giugiaro and Aldo Mantovani. Best ...

*Italiana Cooperativa *Italo-Argentina *Locato & Viarengo *Locati & Torretta * Lombardi *Lotti *

Maggiora Maggiora is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about northwest of Novara. Maggiora borders the following municipalities: Boca, Borgomanero Borgomanero (; ...

*Mantelli, Prato & Cornaglia * Marazzi *

MAT A mat is a hard or soft floor covering that generally is placed on a floor or other flat surface. Mats serve a range of purposes including: * serving to clean items passed over it, such as a doormat, which removes dirt from the soles of shoe ...

* Meade *Meteor *Moderna *Monterosa *Montescani *Monviso * Morelli *Moretti *

Motto A motto (derived from the Latin language, Latin , 'mutter', by way of Italian language, Italian , 'word' or 'sentence') is a Sentence (linguistics), sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of a ...

* Nembo *Orlandi * OSI * Pavesi *Pavesi & Crespi *Pilato *

*Riva * Sala *Savio *

*Schieppati *Scioneri *Sibona & Basano *Simonetti * Sports Cars (Drogo) *

Stola The stola () (pl. ''stolae'') was the traditional garment of Roman women, corresponding to the toga that was worn by men. It was also called ''vestis longa'' in Latin literary sources, pointing to its length. History The ''stola'' was a staple ...

Studiotorino Studiotorino is an Italian automotive design house, or the ''carrozzeria'', specializing in completely handmade sports car. The company was founded on 1 January 2005 in Rivoli by Alfredo and Maria Paola Stola with Marco Goffi. The carroz ...

* Touring * Varesina *Vendrame *Viberti *

Vignale Vignale is the luxury car sub-brand of Ford Motor Company used in automobiles sold in Europe.Viotti Giovanni Battista Viotti (12 May 1755 – 3 March 1824) was an Italian violinist whose virtuosity was famed and whose work as a composer featured a prominent violin and an appealing lyrical tunefulness. He was also a director of French and Italia ...

Japan

Mitsuoka is a small Japanese automobile company. It is noted for building cars with unconventional styling, some of which are modern while most others are retro-styled to imitate the look of American, European and particularly British cars of the 1950s ...

*Watanabe

Luxembourg

*Conrardy

Netherlands

*Akkermans *Bronkhorst * Bij 't Vuur *Van Beurden Carrosserie Holland *Dolk *Donderwinkel *Egbers *Garstman *Gips & Jacobs *Hermans *Hover & Tiwi *Hulsman *Jac Met *Kimman *Lathouwers *Van Leersum & Co *De Ley *Van Lijf & Co *Mudde *Muller *Mijnhardt *N.A.M. (Nederlandsche Auto-Maatschappij) *Nederlandsche Carrosseriefabrieken *Oostwoud * Pennock *Van Rijswijk & Zoon *Roos *Schutter & van Bakel *Smulders *Soudijn *

Spyker Spyker or Spijker was a Dutch carriage, automobile and aircraft manufacturer, started in 1880 by blacksmiths Jacobus and Hendrik-Jan Spijker. Originally located in Hilversum, the company relocated to Trompenburg, Amsterdam in 1898. Notable produ ...

*Jean Stegen *Teulings *W J Van Trigt & Zoon *

Vandenbrink Design Vandenbrink Design is a Netherlands-based automotive design and coachbuilding company, founded in 2006 by Michiel van den Brink and Robert Koumans. Cars In 2006, Van den Brink introduced a plan to design and build a special coachbuilt Ferrari, ...

*Verheul *Veth & Zoon

Poland

*Brzeskiauto *Danziger Karosseriefabrik *Feliks Strzalek *

Plage i Laśkiewicz Plage i Laśkiewicz (Plage & Laśkiewicz) was the first Polish aerospace manufacturer, located in Lublin and manufacturing aircraft under Lublin name. Full name was: ''Zakłady Mechaniczne E. Plage i T. Laśkiewicz'' – Mechanical Works E. Plag ...

Russia

*Bräutigam *Frese & Co *Ilyin *Krummel

Spain

* Abadal *

Ayats Ayats is the trading name of Carrocerías Ayats SA, a Spain-based coachbuilder. The company constructs a range of coach bodies on a variety of chassis, and also manufacture their own integral products. Their products are used throughout Europe. ...

*Bettla *Blancou *Capella *Carrizo *J Farré *Forcada *Fiol *Galo Mateos *Herrero *Hijos de Labourdette *

Irizar Irizar Group is a Spain, Spanish-based manufacturer of luxury buses and coach (vehicle), coaches. Established in 1889, the company is located in Ormaiztegi in the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Country, Spain. With a commercial pres ...

*Lucas *Molist *Reynés *Roqueta *Serra *Vert *Vidal

Sweden

*Bröderna Johansson *Frändbergs *Freyschuss *Hoflageribolaget *Heinels *Järbo *Jakobsson *Kabo *Nilssons *Nordberg *Norrmalm *Nylunds *Ringborg *Thulinverken *Valbo

Switzerland

Beutler Beutler (German for ''sacker'', ''bagger'' or ''bag maker'') is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Andreas Beutler (born 1963), ice hockey player * Annette Beutler (born 1976), Swiss cyclist * August Frederik Beutler (c. 1728), ...

* C. & R. Geissberger *Gangloff *Geismeister * Graber * Ramseier *Tuscher * Worblaufen

United Kingdom

Abbey An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess. Abbeys provide a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christians, Christian monks and nun ...

* Abbott *

Alexander Dennis Alexander Dennis is a British bus manufacturing company based in Larbert, Scotland. The largest bus and coach manufacturer in the United Kingdom, with a 50% market share in 2019, it has manufacturing plants and partnerships in Canada, China, ...

(formerly Walter Alexander Coachbuilders) *

Arthur Mulliner Arthur Mulliner was the 20th century name of a coachbuilding business founded in Northampton in 1760 which remained in family ownership. The business was acquired by Henlys Limited in 1940 and lost its separate identity. Mulliner Northampton ...

Aston Martin Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings PLC () is a British manufacturer of Luxury car, luxury sports cars and grand tourers. Its predecessor was founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford. Headed from 1947 by David Brown (entrepreneur ...

* *

* * * *

Carbodies Carbodies was a Hackney carriage, taxi design and manufacturing company based in Coventry, England. In its latter years it also traded as London Taxis International and The London Taxi Company. It operated a coachbuilding business on Holyhe ...

* Carlton *

Crayford Engineering Crayford Engineering (more commonly known simply as Crayford) was an automobile coachbuilder based in Westerham, Kent, England and formed in 1962 by Jeffrey Smith (engineer and designer) and David McMullan, (sales). In the 1970s, a subdivisi ...

* Charlesworth *

Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...

* Croall *

Cunard The Cunard Line ( ) is a British shipping and an international cruise line based at Carnival House at Southampton, England, operated by Carnival UK and owned by Carnival Corporation & plc. Since 2011, Cunard and its four ships have been r ...

* Gordon England *Flewitt *

Freestone and Webb Freestone and Webb were English coachbuilders who made bodies for Rolls-Royce and Bentley motor cars but also built bodies on other chassis including Alfa Romeo, Packard, and Mercedes-Benz. The business was founded in 1923 by V.E. Freestone an ...

* Grose *

Harold Radford Harold Radford & Co. Limited was a British retailer specialising in Rolls-Royce car, Rolls-Royce and Bentley cars. Situated in Melton Court, South Kensington, London SW7, opposite South Kensington tube station, the company, under G. Harold Radfo ...

Harrington Harrington (or Harington) may refer to: People as a surname *Harrington (surname) People as a forename * Arthur Raikes (Arthur Edward Harington Raikes, 1867–1915), British army officer * Charles Harrington Elster, American writer *Edward Josep ...

*Holmes (London) *

Hooper ''Hooper'' may refer to: Place names in the United States: * Hooper, Colorado, town in Alamosa County, Colorado * Hooper, Georgia, an unincorporated community * Hooper, Nebraska, town in Dodge County, Nebraska * Hooper, Utah, place in Weber Cou ...

* Hoyal * H. J. Mulliner & Co. *

J Gurney Nutting & Co J Gurney Nutting & Co Limited was an English firm of bespoke coachbuilders specialising in sporting bodies founded in 1918 as a new enterprise by a Croydon firm of builders and joiners of the same name. The senior partner was John (Jack) Gurne ...

* James Young *John Hatchett (London) *

Jones Brothers Jones Brothers was a British coachbuilding company that primarily manufactured taxi bodies, and produced bodies for luxury vehicles. History Jones began operations in 1928. The company was initially based in the London district of Bayswater. ...

(London) *

Jarvis of Wimbledon Jarvis & Sons Limited were South London-based motor dealers for Morris and MG, and latterly coachworks providing special bodies for various car chassis until after World War II. Operations Like many similar UK motor dealers and coachworks, th ...

* Jensen *John Charles *

Lancefield Lancefield is a town in the Shire of Macedon Ranges local government area in Victoria, Australia north of the state capital, Melbourne, 33.6km south of Puckapunyal and had a population of at least 2,743 at the 2021 census. History The are ...

* Martin Walter *

Mulliner Park Ward Mulliner Park Ward was a coachbuilder formed as a subsidiary by Rolls-Royce in 1961 to supply it custom bodywork for its automobiles. Located in Hythe Road, Willesden, London, it was created by merging two existing Rolls-Royce properties, P ...

Mulliners (Birmingham) Mulliners Limited of Birmingham was a British coachbuilding business in Bordesley Green, with factories in Bordesley Green and Cherrywood Roads. It made standard bodies for specialist car manufacturers. In the 19th century there were family ties ...

* * Nu-Track *

Optare Switch Mobility (Optare until 2020) is a British bus manufacturer based in Sherburn-in-Elmet, North Yorkshire. It is a subsidiary of Indian company Ashok Leyland. The company is responsible for the EV operations of the group with Ashok Leylan ...

Park Ward Park Ward was a British coachbuilder founded in 1919 which operated from Willesden in North London. In the 1930s, backed by Rolls-Royce Limited, it made technical advances which enabled the building of all-steel bodies to Rolls-Royce's high st ...

Rippon Bros Rippon Bros was a Coachbuilder, coach building business thought to have begun as early as the 16th century. Historian John Stowe (1524/25 – 1605) reported that in 1555 Walter Rippon made a Coach (carriage), coach for the Henry Manners, 2nd Ear ...

* Salmons *

Swallow The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The ...

Tickford Tickford is an automobile engineering and testing business in Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, known for tuning and such products as the 140 mph Tickford Turbo Capri. Under the name Salmons & Sons and their Tickford products the firm ha ...

Thrupp & Maberly Thrupp & Maberly was a British coachbuilder based in the West End of London, England. Coach-maker to Queen Victoria, it operated for more than two centuries until closed under Rootes Group ownership in 1967. History Thrupp This family coachbui ...

* Vince & Son *

Walter Alexander Coachbuilders Walter Alexander CoachbuildersCompanies House extract company no SC026 ...

*Wesleys Newport Pagnell * Vincent of Reading * * Wingham Martin Walter *

Wrightbus Wrightbus is a Northern Irish bus manufacturer and a pioneer of the low-floor bus. The company was established in 1946 by Robert Wright and was later run by his son William Wright, until it was acquired in 2019 by British businessman Jo Bamf ...

United States

*Alex Madjaric Body Works * Abbot-Downing *

Biddle and Smart Biddle and Smart was a manufacturer of carriages and then automobile bodies based in Amesbury, Massachusetts. It started as a successful carriage manufacturer before making the transition to auto body manufacturer in 1905. History Carriagemakers ...

(Amesbury) *

Bohman & Schwartz Bohman & Schwartz was an automobile coachbuilder in Pasadena, California. It was established after the collapse of the Walter M Murphy Company by some of Murphy's former employees.Hugo Pfau, ''The Coachbuilt Packard'', Darlton Watson, London 1973 ...

* Briggs *

Brunn Brunn or Brünn is a common German place-name or place-name element which originally references a well, fountain, or source of a stream. It may refer to: Places Germany *Brunn, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a municipality in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern * ...

* Budd * Coachcraft * Darrin of Paris *Demarest * Derham *

Dietrich Inc. Dietrich Inc. was an American coachbuilder founded in 1925 by Raymond H. Dietrich (1894–1980), co-founder of LeBaron Incorporated in New York City. He was a close friend to Edsel Ford who supported him by talking the owner of the J W Murray Man ...

* Earl Automobile Works *

Fisher Fisher is an archaic term for a fisherman, revived as gender-neutral. Fisher, Fishers or The Fisher may also refer to: Places Australia * Division of Fisher, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives, in Queensland *Elec ...

Albert Fisher (Detroit) Albert Fisher (January 2, 1864 – March 15, 1942) was a pioneer in the burgeoning auto industry in Detroit. He was the uncle of the seven Fisher brothers, founders of Fisher Body. Albert Fisher built some of the first bodies for many automobil ...

Fleetwood Fleetwood is a coastal town in the Borough of Wyre in Lancashire, England, at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 25,939 at the 2011 United Kingdom census, 2011 census. Fleetwood acquired its modern character in the 1830 ...

* Holbrook * Judkins *KEM Motorworks * LeBaron *Locke *

Murphy Murphy is an Irish surname meaning "Sea Warrior". Origins and variants The surname is a variant of two Irish surnames: "Ó Murchadha"/"Ó Murchadh" (descendant of "Murchadh"), and "Mac Murchaidh"/" Mac Murchadh" (son of "Murchadh") derived ...

Murray Murray may refer to: Businesses * Murray (bicycle company), an American bicycle manufacturer * Murray Motor Car Company, an American car manufacturer * Murrays, an Australian bus company * Murray International Trust, a Scottish investment trus ...

* Rollson * Rollston *Rubay *

Studebaker Studebaker was an American wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana, with a building at 1600 Broadway, Times Square, Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1852 and incorporated in 1868 as the Studebaker Brothers Man ...

*Towson *

Walker Walker or The Walker may refer to: People *Walker (given name) *Walker (surname) *Walker (Brazilian footballer) (born 1982), Brazilian footballer Places In the United States *Walker, Arizona, in Yavapai County *Walker, Mono County, California * ...

* Waterhouse *Widman * Willoughby * Wilson

Survivors of the unibody production-line system

These are *Coway *Jankel *Jubilee *MacNeillie *

Overfinch Overfinch is a British company that customises Land Rover and Range Rover cars. Based in Leeds, England, it won the 2015 Ford "Special Recognition for Outstanding Achievement in Design" award for the SuperSport styling package. Models Model ...

*Wilcox *Woodall-Nicholson

References

External links

Coachbuild.com: Encyclopedia of worldwide Coachbuilders from past to presentEncyclopedia of American CoachbuildersGoldarths: The Fine Art of Coachbuilding
by Peter M. Larsen and Ben Erickson. Details Jacques Kellner and George Paulin involvement in the French Resistance.
Wheelchair Accessible Vehicles
- Southern Mobility Vehicles {{Authority control