The Celtic deities are known from a variety of sources such as written
Celtic mythology
Celtic mythology is the body of myths belonging to the Celtic peoples.Cunliffe, Barry, (1997) ''The Ancient Celts''. Oxford, Oxford University Press , pp. 183 (religion), 202, 204–8. Like other Iron Age Europeans, Celtic peoples followed a ...
, ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, as well as place and personal names.
Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. General deities were known by the Celts throughout large regions, and are the gods and goddesses called upon for protection, healing, luck, and honour. The local deities from Celtic nature worship were the spirits of a particular feature of the landscape, such as mountains, trees, or rivers, and thus were generally only known by the locals in the surrounding areas.
After Celtic lands became
Christianised
Christianization ( or Christianisation) is to make Christian; to imbue with Christian principles; to become Christian. It can apply to the conversion of an individual, a practice, a place or a whole society. It began in the Roman Empire, conti ...
, there were attempts by Christian writers to euhemerize or even
demonize
Demonization or demonisation is the reinterpretation of polytheism, polytheistic deities as evil, lying demons by other religions, generally by the monotheism, monotheistic and henotheistic ones. The term has since been expanded to refer to any cha ...
most of the pre-Christian deities, while a few others became Saints in the church. The Tuatha Dé Danann of Irish mythology, who were commonly interpreted as divinities or deified ancestors, were downgraded in Christian writings to, at best "fallen angels", or mere mortals, or even portrayed as demons.
Ancient Gaulish and Brittonic deities
The Gauls inhabited the region corresponding to modern-day France, Belgium, Switzerland, southern and western Germany, Luxembourg and northern Italy. They spoke Gaulish. The
Celtic Britons
The Britons ( *''Pritanī'', la, Britanni), also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were people of Celtic language and culture who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age and into the Middle Ages, at which point th ...
inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and spoke
Common Brittonic
Common Brittonic ( cy, Brythoneg; kw, Brythonek; br, Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, was a Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.
It is a form of Insular Celtic, descended from Proto-Celtic, a ...
or British.
Female
* Abnoba - Gaulish goddess worshipped in the Black Forest
*
Acionna
Acionna was a Gallo-Roman water goddess, attested in the Orléanais region.
In 1822, Jean-Baptiste Jollois, one of the founding fathers of archaeology in the region, carried out excavations on the so-called "fontaine de l'Étuvée", an ancient ...
- Gallic goddess of the river EssonneMacCulloch.
* Adsagsona - Gallic goddess of magic named on the
Larzac tablet
The Larzac tablet is a lead curse tablet found in 1983 in the commune of L'Hospitalet-du-Larzac, Aveyron, southern France. It is now kept in the museum of Millau. It bears one of the most important inscriptions in the Gaulish language.
The inscri ...
*
Adsullata
In Celtic mythology, Adsullata was a river goddess of the Continental Celts associated with the River Savus (Sava) in Noricum. This deity is known from a single inscription found at Saudörfel, Austria.
Later she came to Brittany from Celtic Ga ...
- goddess of the
River Sava
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina ...
*
Agronā *Agronā was a hypothetical reconstructed Proto-Celtic name for the River Ayr in Scotland, later applied to the River Aeron in Wales. The claim is linguistic and first appeared in William J. Watson's ''Celtic Placenames of Scotland'' (1926).Wats ...
- hypothetical Brittonic goddess of the
River Ayr
The River Ayr (pronounced like ''air'', ''Uisge Àir'' in Gaelic) is a river in Ayrshire, Scotland. At it is the longest river in the county.
The river was held as sacred by pre-Christian cultures. The remains of several prehistoric sacrificial ...
Ancasta
Ancasta was a Celtic goddess worshipped in Roman Britain. She is known from a single dedicatory inscription found in the United Kingdom at the Roman settlement of ''Clausentum'' (Bitterne, near Southampton). Ancasta may be taken to be a local godd ...
- Brittonic goddess of
Clausentum
Clausentum was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. The site is believed to be located in Bitterne Manor, which is now a suburb of Southampton.
Identification
Route VII of the Antonine Itinerary documents the Roman settlement of Clau ...
*
Andarta
Andarta was a Celtic goddess worshiped in southern Gaul. Inscriptions invoking her name have been found among the Vocontii in Southern France, and in Bern, Switzerland.
Name
The Gaulish theonym ''Andarta'' is traditionally interpreted as meanin ...
Annea Clivana In classical Celtic polytheism, Annea Clivana was the name given to a goddess or female spirit worshipped in Canale in Veneto in the territory of the Cenomani Celts in Italy. She was identified with the Roman goddess JunoJ. A. MacCulloch (1911). ...
- Gallic goddess of the
Cenomani The Gaulish name Cenomani can refer to:
* Aulerci Cenomani, an ancient Gallic tribe dwelling around modern Le Mans
* Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)
The Cenomani (Greek: , Strabo, Ptol.; , Polyb.), was an ancient tribe of the Cisalpine Gauls, who ...
* Apadeva - a water goddess
* Arduinna - Gallic goddess of the Ardennes Forest
* Arnemetia - Brittonic goddess of nemetons
* Artio - Gallic goddess of the bear
* Axona - Gallic goddess of the river
Aisne
Aisne ( , ; ; pcd, Ainne) is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne. In 2019, it had a population of 531,345.Belisama
Belisama (Gaulish ''Belesama''; epigraphically ) is a Celtic goddess. She was identified by Roman commentators with Minerva by ''interpretatio romana''.
Name
The Gaulish theonym ''Belesama'' has been traditionally interpreted as meaning 'the ...
- Gallic and Brittonic goddess
* Bergusia - Gallic goddess of Alesia, companion of Ucuetis
*
Bormana
Bormana was a Celtic goddess, the female equivalent of the god Borvo (Bormanus). Bormana was worshipped alongside Bormanus as his consort. The pair of them were, for example, worshipped at Die (Drôme) in the south of France. The goddess also occ ...
- Gallic goddess of mineral springs, companion of Bormanos
*
Bricta
In Gallo-Roman religion, Bricta or Brixta was a Gaulish goddess who was a consort of Luxovius, god of the waters of Luxeuil-les-Bains (in antiquity, ''Luxovium'').
Inscriptions
Bricta is recorded in the following inscriptions from Luxeuil-les-B ...
(Brixta) - Gallic goddess of Luxeuil mineral springs, companion of Luxovios
* Brigantia - Brittonic goddess of the
Brigantes
The Brigantes were Ancient Britons who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of what would become Northern England. Their territory, often referred to as Brigantia, was centred in what was later known as Yorkshire. The Greek geogr ...
* Carpundia - a river goddess
* Carvonia - a goddess in Noricum
* Cathubodua - Gallic war goddess
* Caticatona - a Gallic water goddess in Rauranum
* Cissonia - a Gallic goddess of trade, companion of
Cissonius
Cissonius (also ''Cisonius'', ''Cesonius'') was an ancient Gaulish/Celtic god. After Visucius, Cissonius was the most common name of the Gaulish/Celtic Mercury; around seventeen inscriptions dedicated to him extend from France and Southern German ...
*
Clota
In Celtic mythology, Clota was the patron goddess of the River Clyde. Perhaps worshiped by the local Welsh-speaking Damnonii tribe who held the territory which later was to become the Kingdom of Strathclyde
Strathclyde (lit. " Strath of the R ...
- hypothetical Brittonic goddess of the
River Clyde
The River Clyde ( gd, Abhainn Chluaidh, , sco, Clyde Watter, or ) is a river that flows into the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is the ninth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the third-longest in Scotland. It runs through the major cit ...
*
Coventina
Coventina was a Romano-British goddess of wells and springs. She is known from multiple inscriptions at one site in Northumberland county of England, an area surrounding a wellspring near Carrawburgh on Hadrian's Wall. It is possible that other ...
- Brittonic goddess of wells and springs
*
Damona
In Gallo-Roman religion, Damona was a goddess worshipped in Gaul as the consort of Apollo Borvo and of Apollo Moritasgus.
Name
The theonym ''Damona'' is a derivative of the Proto-Celtic stem ''*damo-'', meaning 'bull' or 'deer' (cf. Old Irish ...
- Gallic goddess of mineral springs, consort of Apollo Borvo and of
Apollo Moritasgus
Moritasgus is a Celtic epithet for a healing god found in four inscriptions at Alesia. In two inscriptions, he is identified with the Greco-Roman god Apollo. His consort was the goddess Damona.
Etymology
The name ''Moritasgus'', shared by a ...
* Dea Latis - Brittonic goddess of bogs and pools, companion of Deus Latis
*
Dea Matrona
In Celtic mythology, Dea Matrona ("divine mother goddess") was the goddess who gives her name to the river Marne (ancient ''Matrŏna'') in Gaul.
The Gaulish theonym ''Mātr-on-ā'' signifies "great mother" and the goddess of the Marne has been in ...
- "divine mother goddess" and goddess of the
River Marne
The Marne () is a river in France, an eastern tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris. It is long. The river gave its name to the departments of Haute-Marne, Marne, Seine-et-Marne, and Val-de-Marne.
The Marne starts in ...
in Gaul
* Divona - Gallic goddess of sacred springs and rivers
*
Epona
In Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules. She was particularly a goddess of fertility, as shown by her attributes of a patera, cornucopia, ears of grain and the presence of foals in some sculptures. S ...
- fertility goddess, protector of horses
*
Erecura
Erecura or Aerecura (also found as ''Herecura'' or ''Eracura'') was a goddess worshipped in ancient times, often thought to be Celtic in origin, mostly represented with the attributes of Proserpina and associated with the Roman underworld god Di ...
-
chthonic
The word chthonic (), or chthonian, is derived from the Ancient Greek word ''χθών, "khthon"'', meaning earth or soil. It translates more directly from χθόνιος or "in, under, or beneath the earth" which can be differentiated from Γῆ ...
goddess, companion of
Dīs Pater
Dīs Pater (; ; genitive ''Dītis Patris''), otherwise known as Rex Infernus or Pluto (mythology), Pluto, is a Roman mythology, Roman god of the underworld. Dis was originally associated with fertility (soil), fertile agricultural land and miner ...
Icovellauna
Icovellauna was a Celtic goddess worshiped in Gaul. Her places of worship included an octagonal temple at Le Sablon in Metz, originally built over a spring,Dyfed Lloyd Evans (2005).Icovellauna: a Gaulish Goddess (Divine Pourer of the Waters)" froww ...
Lérins Islands
The Lérins Islands (in french: les Îles de Lérins, ) are a group of four Mediterranean islands off the French Riviera, in Cannes. The two largest islands in this group are the Île Sainte-Marguerite and the Île Saint-Honorat. The smaller ...
, companion of Lero
* Litavis - a Gallic earth goddess
* Maiabus - a Gallic goddess in MetzOlivares Pedreño 635.
* Matronae Dervonnae - Gallic mother goddesses in
Cisalpine Gaul
Cisalpine Gaul ( la, Gallia Cisalpina, also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'') was the part of Italy inhabited by Celts (Gauls) during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.
After its conquest by the Roman Republic in the 200s BC it was con ...
Nantosuelta
In Celtic mythology, Nantosuelta is the goddess of nature, the earth, fire, and fertility.
Pseudo-historical texts explain how there is an uncanny resemblance between Nantosuelta and what we know of the Irish goddess The Morrígan, who was associ ...
- Gallic goddess, companion of
Sucellos
In Gallo-Roman religion, Sucellus or Sucellos () was a god shown carrying a large mallet (or hammer) and an ''olla'' (or barrel). Originally a Celtic god, his cult flourished not only among Gallo-Romans, but also to some extent among the neighbour ...
*
Ricagambeda Ricagambeda was a Celtic goddess worshipped in Roman Britain. She is attested in a single inscription, ''RIB'' 2107, on an altar stone found at Birrens (the Roman Blatobulgium) in what is now Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. According to the inscri ...
- Brittonic goddess
* Ritona (Pritona) - Gallic goddess of the Treveri
* Rosmerta - Gallic goddess of fertility and abundance
*
Sabrina
Sabrina may refer to:
* Sabrina (given name), a feminine given name, including a list of persons and fictional characters with the name
People
* Sabrina (actress), stage name of Norma Ann Sykes (1936–2016), a British glamour model and actres ...
- Brittonic goddess of the River Severn
* Seixomniai Leuciticai - a Celtic goddess, equated with Diana
*
Senuna
Senuna was a Celtic goddess worshipped in Roman Britain. She was unknown until a cache of 26 votive offerings to her were discovered in 2002 in an undisclosed field at Ashwell End in Hertfordshire by metal detectorist Alan Meek. Her imagery show ...
- a Brittonic goddess
* Sequana - Gallic goddess of the River Seine
* Sirona - Gallic goddess of healing
*
Suleviae In ancient Celtic religion, Sulevia was a goddess worshipped in Gaul, Britain, and Galicia, very often in the plural forms Suleviae or (dative) Sule(v)is. Dedications to Sulevia(e) are attested in about forty inscriptions, distributed quite widely ...
- a triune mother goddess
* Sulis - Brittonic goddess of the healing spring at Aquae Sulis (
Bath
Bath may refer to:
* Bathing, immersion in a fluid
** Bathtub, a large open container for water, in which a person may wash their body
** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe
* Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities
Plac ...
)
*
Tamesis
The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the R ...
- Brittonic goddess of the River Thames
* Veica Noriceia - a goddess attested in Noricum
*
Verbeia
In ancient Celtic polytheism, Verbeia was a goddess worshipped in Roman Britain. She is known from a single altar-stone dedicated to her at IlkleyRIB 635. She is considered to have been a deification of the River Wharfe.
An image of a woman (also ...
- Brittonic goddess of the
River Wharfe
The River Wharfe ( ) is a river in Yorkshire, England originating within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. For much of its middle course it is the county boundary between West Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. Its valley is known as Wharfedale.
...
*
Vesunna
Vesunna is a Celtic goddess worshipped in Roman Gaul. She was likely considered a giver of prosperity, abundance and good fortune, as evidenced by the cornucopia she is depicted carrying in her images.
Vesunna was also once the name of a town ju ...
- Gallic goddess of the
Petrocorii
The Petrocorii were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the present-day Périgord region, between the Dordogne and Vézère rivers, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Etymology
They are mentioned as ''Petrocoriis'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''P ...
Durovigutum
Godmanchester ( ) is a town and civil parish in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It is separated from Huntingdon, to the north, by the valley of the River Great Ouse. Being on the Roman road network, the town has a ...
*
Alaunus
Alaunus or Alaunius (Gaulish: ''Alaunos'') is a Gaulish god of healing and prophecy. His name is known from inscriptions found in Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in Southern France and in Mannheim in western Germany. In the latter inscription, Ala ...
(Alaunos) - a Gallic god of healing and prophecy
*
Alisanos Alisanos (Latinized as ''Alisaunus'') was a local Gallo-Roman god worshipped in what is now the Côte-d'Or in Burgundy and at Aix-en-Provence.
Name
The Gaulish theonym ''Alisanos'' is generally derived from the word ''alisia'', meaning either ...
- a Gallic god
* Alus - an agricultural god of
Cisalpine Gaul
Cisalpine Gaul ( la, Gallia Cisalpina, also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'') was the part of Italy inhabited by Celts (Gauls) during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.
After its conquest by the Roman Republic in the 200s BC it was con ...
Aquileia
Aquileia / / / / ;Bilingual name of ''Aquileja – Oglej'' in: vec, Aquiłeja / ; Slovenian: ''Oglej''), group=pron is an ancient Roman city in Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about from the sea, on the river N ...
*
Arubianus Arubianus or Arubinus was a Celtic god of the inscriptions in Southern Germany, and in Austria and Slovenia.
Mythology and Etymology
The name is Celtic for "tiller" or "God of the plowed field". Sometimes it is also used for the local god of th ...
Atepomarus
Atepomarus in Celtic Gaul was a healing god. Mauvières (Indre), Apollo was associated with this god in the form Apollo Atepomarus.
At some of Apollo's healing sanctuaries (as at Sainte-Sabine, Burgundy) small figurines of horses were associated ...
- a Gallic horse god
* Bedaius - a lake god in NoricumTabbernee.
* Belatucadros (Bitucadros) - a Brittonic god
*
Belenus
Belenus (Gaulish: ''Belenos'', ''Belinos'') is an ancient Celtic healing god. The cult of Belenus stretched from the Italian Peninsula to the British Isles, with a main sanctuary located at Aquileia, on the Adriatic coast. Through ''interpreta ...
(Belenos) - a god of healing
* Bergimus - a mountain god of Cisalpine GaulMurley v.
* Borvo (Bormanos) - god of healing springs
* Brasennus - a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul
* Caletos
* Caturix - war god of the
Helvetii
The Helvetii ( , Gaulish: *''Heluētī''), anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celts, Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their Switzerland in the Roman era, contact with the Roman Republic in the ...
Cissonius
Cissonius (also ''Cisonius'', ''Cesonius'') was an ancient Gaulish/Celtic god. After Visucius, Cissonius was the most common name of the Gaulish/Celtic Mercury; around seventeen inscriptions dedicated to him extend from France and Southern German ...
- a Gallic god of tradeAdkins and Adkins, 283.
* Mars Cnabetius - a Gallic god of war
*
Condatis
Condatis (Gaulish: 'confluence') was an ancient Celtic deity worshipped primarily in northern Britain but also in Gaul.''L'Arbre Celtique.'"Condatis"/ref> He was associated with the confluences of rivers, in particular the River Wear which runs i ...
- a Gallic and Brittonic god of the confluences of rivers
* Cunomaglus - a Brittonic hunter godFreeman 4.
* Cuslanus - a god in Cisalpine Gaul associated with Jupiter
* Deus Latis - a Brittonic god
* Deus Ducavavius - a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul
* Deus Orevaius - a god known from a lone inscription at
Cemenelum
Cimiez (; Italian: ''Cimella'') is an upper class neighborhood in Nice, Southern France. The area contains the Musée Matisse and the ruins of ''Cemenelum'', capital of the Ancient Roman province Alpes Maritimae on the Ligurian coast. ''Ceme ...
* Dorminus - god of the hot springs at
Aquae Statiellae
Acqui Terme (; pms, Àich ) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Alessandria, Piedmont, northern Italy. It is about south-southwest of Alessandria. It is one of the principal winemaking communes of the Italian DOCG wine Brachetto d' ...
*
Intarabus
Intarabus was a Gallo-Roman religion, Gaulish god in the pantheon of the Treveri and some neighbouring peoples. His name is known from nine inscriptions from a relatively compact area in what are now Belgium, Luxembourg, western Germany and eastern ...
- a Gallic god of the Treveri
* Esus - a Gallic god
*
Glanis
Glanis was a Gaulish god associated with a healing spring at the town of Glanum in the Alpilles mountains of Provence in southern France. There are cisterns at the site of the springs where pilgrims may have bathed. Near one of them an altar to Gl ...
- Gallic god of
Glanum
Glanum (Hellenistic ''Γλανόν'', as well as Glano, Calum, Clano, Clanum, Glanu, Glano) was an ancient and wealthy city which still enjoys a magnificent setting below a gorge on the flanks of the Alpilles mountains. It is located about one kil ...
* Gobannus (Gobannos) - a Gallic and Brittonic smith god
* Grannus - a healing god
* Ialonus Contrebis - a Brittonic and Gallic god
*
Latobius
Latobius was a sky and mountain Celtic god worshipped by the people of Noricum (modern Austria and Slovenia). During ancient Roman times he was equated with aspects of Jupiter and Mars. Votive inscriptions for ''Mars Latobius''Duval, Paul-Marie. "C ...
Lérins Islands
The Lérins Islands (in french: les Îles de Lérins, ) are a group of four Mediterranean islands off the French Riviera, in Cannes. The two largest islands in this group are the Île Sainte-Marguerite and the Île Saint-Honorat. The smaller ...
Adkin 294
* Loucetios - a Gallic god of thunder
* Maponos - a Brittonic and Gallic god of youth
*
Matunos Matunus or Matunos was a god in Brythonic Celtic polytheism. His name may be derived from the same root as Proto-Celtic ''*matu-'' meaning bear. He was worshipped in Roman Britain and altar-stones raised to him have been recovered in the United King ...
- a Brittonic and Gallic bear god
*
Moccus
Moccus is a Celtic god who is identified with Mercury. He is the boar- or swine-god of the continental Celtic tribe of Lingones. Moccus was invoked as the protector of boar hunters and warriors. Boar meat was sacred among the ancient Celts, and fe ...
- a Gallic god of boars and pigs
*
Moritasgus
Moritasgus is a Gaulish language, Celtic epithet for a healing god found in four epigraphy, inscriptions at Alesia (city), Alesia. In two inscriptions, he is interpretatio romana, identified with the Greco-Roman god Apollo. His hieros gamos, conso ...
Nîmes
Nîmes ( , ; oc, Nimes ; Latin: ''Nemausus'') is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and Cévennes, the commune of Nîmes has an estimated population of 148,5 ...
*
Niskus
Niskus is a Romano-British culture, Romano-British river god, mentioned one time from a lead curse tablet inscription. The theonym is related to a local river deity linked to the River Hamble. It is possible that the origin of the theonym is connec ...
- a Brittonic river god
* Nodens (Nodons) - a Brittonic god of healing, dogs and hunting
* Ogmios - a Gallic god of eloquence
* Paronnus - a god known from a lone inscription at Brixia
*
Rudiobus Rudiobus is a Celtic god known only from a single inscription, on a bronze figurine of a prancing horse: "sacred to the god Rudiobus". This figurine, from the 1st century BC, is one a group found at Neuvy-En-Sullias (Loiret). It may be an aspect o ...
Smertrios
In Gallo-Roman religion, Smertrios or Smertrius was a god of war worshipped in Gaul and Noricum.Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. 2001. ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes anti ...
- a Gallic god
* Souolibrogenos - a Galatian god
*
Sucellus
In Gallo-Roman religion, Sucellus or Sucellos () was a god shown carrying a large mallet (or hammer) and an ''olla'' (or barrel). Originally a Celtic god, his cult flourished not only among Gallo-Romans, but also to some extent among the neighbo ...
(Sucellos) - a Gallic and Brittonic god of agriculture and wine
* Tavianos - a Galatian godRoymans and Derks 134.
*
Taranis
In Celtic mythology, Taranis (Proto-Celtic: *''Toranos'', earlier ''*Tonaros''; Latin: Taranus, earlier Tanarus) is the god of thunder, who was worshipped primarily in Gaul, Hispania, Britain, and Ireland, but also in the Rhineland and Danube reg ...
(Tanaros) - a god of thunder
*
Toutatis
Toutatis or Teutates is a Celtic god who was worshipped primarily in ancient Gaul and Britain. His name means "god of the tribe", and he has been widely interpreted as a tribal protector.Paul-Marie Duval (1993). ''Les dieux de la Gaule.'' Éditio ...
- a tribal protector god
*
Telesphorus Telesphorus can refer to:
* Telesphorus (general), 4th century BC general in ancient Greece
* Pope Telesphorus (died c. 137), Catholic pope and Catholic and Orthodox saint
* Telesphorus of Cosenza, a name assumed by a 14th century pseudo-prophet du ...
Tridamos
Tridamus is the name of a deity attested from a single inscription on a sandstone altar from Roman Britain, found in Michaelchurch Escley, Michaelchurch in present-day Herefordshire. The inscription reads:
:'To the god Tridam(us), Bellicus gave ...
- a Brittonic god
* Ucuetis - Gallic blacksmith god of Alesia
*
Vellaunus
Vellaunus is a Celtic god known from two inscriptions.
Epigraphy
The deity Vellaunus is known from two inscriptions.
The first, found at Caerwent, is the base of a state recording the dedication of the statue to:
: EOMARTI LENO
: VE OCELO V ...
- a Brittonic and Gallic god
* Vernostonos - a Brittonic god
* Vindonnus - an epithet for
Belenus
Belenus (Gaulish: ''Belenos'', ''Belinos'') is an ancient Celtic healing god. The cult of Belenus stretched from the Italian Peninsula to the British Isles, with a main sanctuary located at Aquileia, on the Adriatic coast. Through ''interpreta ...
*
Vinotonus Vinotonus is a god from Celtic mythology of which little is known.. Only four altars dedicated to Vinotonus have been found all of which are located near the Roman fort at Bowes. The ancient Romans found Vinotonus to be equivalent to Silvanus, th ...
- a Brittonic god of
Lavatrae
Lavatrae , also known as Lavatris, was a Roman fort in the modern-day village of Bowes, County Durham, England.
Roman period
The Romans built a fort with wooden ramparts at Lavatrae in the early AD 70s, after an invasion of the region by Gover ...
Ancaster Ancaster may refer to:
* Ancaster, Lincolnshire, England
* Ancaster, Ontario, Canada
*Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster
Gilbert James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster, (8 December 1907 – 29 March ...
*
Virotutis Virotutis is a Celtic epithet of the god Apollo. The epithet has been interpreted as meaning "Benefactor of humanity". Apollo Virotutis was worshipped at, among other places, Fins d'Annecy ( Haute-Savoie) and at Jublains (Maine-et-Loire
Maine-e ...
Visucius
Visucius was a Gallo-Roman god, usually identified with Mercury. He was worshipped primarily in the east of Gaul, around Trier and on the Rhine; his name is recorded on about ten dedicatory inscriptions. One such inscription has also been found ...
- a Gallo-Roman god of trade
*
Vosegus
Vosegus (; sometimes ''Vosagus'', ''Vosacius'', ''Vosagō'', ''Vosegō'', ''Vogesus'') was a name used in the Roman Empire for a Celtic god of hunting and forestation.
Description and history
On the rare representations that have come down to ...
Celtiberians
The Celtiberians were a group of Celts and Celticized peoples inhabiting an area in the central-northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the final centuries BCE. They were explicitly mentioned as being Celts by several classic authors (e.g. Strab ...
Ataegina
Ataegina ( es, Ataecina; pt, Atégina) was a goddess worshipped by the ancient Iberians, Lusitanians, and Celtiberians of the Iberian Peninsula. She is believed to have ruled the underworld.
Names
The deity's name is variously attested as ''At ...
(Ataecina)
* Besenclā (Besenclae) - a community and house protector
* Broeneiae
* Coruae
* Cosuneae
* Crougeae (Corougiae)
* Deae sanctae (Burrulobrigensi)
* Deiba
*
Epane
In Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules. She was particularly a goddess of fertility, as shown by her attributes of a patera, cornucopia, ears of grain and the presence of foals in some sculpture ...
(Epona, Iccona)
* Erbina - a goddess of wild animals, hunting, and domestic securityOlivares Pedreño 610.
* Ermae
* Flauiae Conimbriga (Flauiae Conimbrigae)
* Ilurbeda
* Lacipaea (Lacibiā, Lacibea)
* Laneana (Laneanis) - a goddess of springs and floods
* LosaOlivares Pedreño 611.
* Luna Augusta
* Mirobleo
* Munidis
*
Nabia
Nabia was the goddess of rivers and water in Gallaecian and Lusitanian mythology, in the territory of modern Galicia (Spain), Asturias (Spain) and Portugal.
The present-day Navia River and Avia (river) in Galicia and Asturias, the Neiva River, ...
(Navia) - versatile goddess
* Nymphis
* Ocrimirae
* Reva (Reua) - personification of water flows
* Toga
*
Trebaruna
Trebaruna, also ''Treborunnis'' and possibly ''*Trebarunu'', was a Lusitanian deity, probably a goddess. Trebaruna's cult was located in the cultural area of Gallaecia and Lusitania (in the territory of modern Galicia (Spain) and Portugal).
Name ...
*
Trebopala Trebopala is a Lusitanian name usually interpreted as a theonym, appearing on the Cabeço das Fraguas inscription from Portugal. Trebopala is probably a goddess.
Meaning of the name
Although the name ''Trebopala'' appears in only a single inscrip ...
* Tutelae
Male
*
Aernus Aernus was a theonym used for a god in the Celtiberian pantheon. The use of this theonym was confined to worship in the vicinity of Bragança. Around this area, a number of inscriptions to a god hailed by this name have been recorded.Page 14 of J ...
Arenas-Esteban 110.
* Aetio
* Araco
*
Ares Lusitani
Ares Lusitani ( Latin for the ''Lusitanian Ares'') was the God of horses and knights in Lusitanian mythology, in the cultural area of Gallaecia and Lusitania (in the territory of modern Galicia
Galicia may refer to:
Geographic regions
* Ga ...
*
Bandua Bandua was a theonym used to refer to a god or goddess worshipped in Iberia by Gallaeci and Lusitanians. Whether the name referred to a discrete deity or was an epithet applied to different deities is arguable.
Epigraphy
The deity's name is found ...
Cariocecus
Cariocecus or Cariociecus was the god of war in the mythology of various Iberian tribes, in the region then known as Hispania. Through conquest and cultural overlay, he became syncretised with the Ancient Rome god Mars and the Ancient Greek god ...
Duberdicus Duberdicus or Duberdico, was a god of fountains, lakes, and oceans in Lusitanian mythology, in the cultural area of Lusitania (in the territory of modern Portugal).
See also
* List of Lusitanian deities
*Lusitanian mythology
Lusitanian mythology ...
Sucellus
In Gallo-Roman religion, Sucellus or Sucellos () was a god shown carrying a large mallet (or hammer) and an ''olla'' (or barrel). Originally a Celtic god, his cult flourished not only among Gallo-Romans, but also to some extent among the neighbo ...
* Tabaliaenus
* Tabudico
*
Tongoenabiagus
Tongoenabiagus was the god of the '' Fonte do Ídolo'' ( Portuguese for ''Fountain of the Idol''), a 1st-century shrine in Braga (the Roman ''Bracara Augusta'') with an inscribed fountain dedicated both to ''Tongoenabiagus'' and the goddess '' ...
Visucius
Visucius was a Gallo-Roman god, usually identified with Mercury. He was worshipped primarily in the east of Gaul, around Trier and on the Rhine; his name is recorded on about ten dedicatory inscriptions. One such inscription has also been found ...
Gaelic deities and characters
The Gaels inhabited Ireland and parts of western Scotland. They spoke
Goidelic languages
The Goidelic or Gaelic languages ( ga, teangacha Gaelacha; gd, cànanan Goidhealach; gv, çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.
Goidelic languages historically ...
.
Female
*
Achtland
In Irish mythology, Queen Achtland married one of the Tuatha Dé Danann who were the people of the goddess Danu.
Achtland herself was a mortal woman, and as an adult she was infamous for her displeasure in what she found available to her among ...
Aimend
In Irish mythology and genealogy, Aimend is the daughter of Óengus Bolg, king of the Dáirine or Corcu Loígde. She marries Conall Corc, founder of the Eóganachta dynasties, and through him is an ancestor of the "inner circle" septs of Eóganach ...
*
Aífe
(Old Irish), spelled () in Modern Irish, is a character from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. She appears in the sagas '' Tochmarc Emire'' ("the wooing of Emer") and '' Aided Óenfhir Aífe'' ("the death of Aífe's only son"). In ''Tochmarc ...
Airmed
In Irish mythology, the goddess Airmed (also given as Airmid) was one of the Tuatha Dé Danann. With her father Dian Cecht and brother Miach, she healed those injured in the Second Battle of Magh Tuiredh.
- goddess of healing and herbalism
*
Anu
Anu ( akk, , from wikt:𒀭#Sumerian, 𒀭 ''an'' “Sky”, “Heaven”) or Anum, originally An ( sux, ), was the sky father, divine personification of the sky, king of the gods, and ancestor of many of the list of Mesopotamian deities, dei ...
- probable goddess of the earth and fertility, called "mother of the Irish gods" in '' Cormac's Glossary''Koch 1693-1697.
*
Bec BEC may refer to:
As an acronym House
* Bapatla Engineering College
* Basaveshwar Engineering College
* Bengal Engineering College
Curriculum
* Business Environment and Concepts, a section of Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination
* Bus ...
Bé Chuille
Bé Chuille, also known as Becuille and Bé Chuma, is the daughter of Flidais and one of the Tuatha Dé Danann in Irish mythology. In a tale from the Metrical Dindshenchas, she is a good sorceress who joins three other of the Tuatha Dé to defeat ...
Boann
Boann or Boand (modern Irish spelling: Bónn) is the Irish goddess of the River Boyne (the river-name now always in the nominalised dative/prepositional case, Bóinn), a river in Ireland's historical fifth province, Meath (from Middle Irish '' ...
- goddess of the River Boyne, called Bouvinda by PtolemyWilliams 28.
* Brigid (Brigit) - called a "goddess of poets" in '' Cormac's Glossary'', with her sisters Brigid the healer and Brigid the smith
* Caillech ( Beira,
Biróg
Biróg (Biroge of the Mountain, Birog), in Irish folklore is the ''leanan sídhe'' or the female familiar spirit of Cian who aids him in the folktale about his wooing of Balor's daughter Eithne.
She is reinvented as a druidess in Lady Gregory an ...
) - an ancestral creator and weather goddess
* Canola
*
Carman
In Celtic mythology, Carman or Carmun was a warrior and sorceress from Athens who tried to invade Ireland in the days of the Tuatha Dé Danann, along with her three sons, Dub ("black"), Dother ("evil") and Dian ("violence"). She used her magical ...
Clothru
Clothru was, according to medieval Irish legend, the daughter of Eochu Feidlech, a High King of Ireland, and the sister of queen Medb of Connacht and Ethniu. When her triplet brothers, the findemna, were fighting with their father Eochu Feidlech fo ...
Fódla
In Irish mythology, Fódla or Fótla (modern spelling: Fódhla, Fodhla or Fóla), daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was one of the tutelary giantesses of Ireland. Her husband was Mac Cecht.
With her sisters, Banba and ...
- tutelary triumvirate of goddesses, sisters, eponymous for Ireland (mainly Ériu)
*
Ernmas
Ernmas is an Irish mother goddess, mentioned in ''Lebor Gabála Érenn'' and "Cath Maige Tuired" as one of the Tuatha Dé Danann. Her daughters include the trinity of eponymous Irish goddesses Ériu, Banba and Fódla, the trinity of war goddesses t ...
Ethniu
In Irish mythology, Ethniu (), or Eithne (Modern Irish pronunciation: ) in modern spelling, is the daughter of the Fomorian leader Balor, and the mother of Lugh. She is also referred to as Ethliu (modern Eithle), Eithlionn (genitive; modern Eith ...
(Ethliu) - the daughter of the Fomorian leader Balor and the mother of Lugh
*
Fand
Fand ("tear", "teardrop of beauty") or Fann ("weak, helpless person'") is an otherworldly woman in Irish mythology. The two forms of her name are not phonetic variants, but two different words of different meaning and the history of her name is ...
*
Finnabair
Findabair or Finnabair ( modern Irish ''Fionnabhair'' ) was a daughter of Ailill and Queen Medb of Connacht in Irish mythology. The meaning of the name is "white phantom" (etymologically cognate with '' Gwenhwyfar'', the original Welsh form of G ...
Lí Ban
Lí Ban (; thus 'paragon of women') may refer to an otherworldly female figure in Irish mythology.
This Lí Ban claimed the beautiful Fand as sister, and was wife to Labraid Luathlám ar Claideb ("Labraid of the swift sword-hand"), the ruler of ...
* Loígde - attested as in Archaic Irish and preserved in the name of the
Corcu Loígde
The Corcu Loígde (Corcu Lóegde, Corco Luigde, Corca Laoighdhe, Laidhe), meaning Gens of the Calf Goddess, also called the Síl Lugdach meic Itha, were a kingdom centred in West County Cork who descended from the proto-historical rulers of Mun ...
Medb
Medb (), later spelled Meadhbh (), Méibh () and Méabh (), and often anglicised as Maeve ( ), is queen of Connacht in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. Her husband in the core stories of the cycle is Ailill mac Máta, although she had seve ...
(
Medb Lethderg
In Irish mythology Medb Lethderg (; "red-side") was a goddess of sovereignty associated with Tara. She was the wife or lover of nine successive kings, including Fedlimid Rechtmar, Art mac Cuinn and Cormac mac Airt.
She is probably identical wit ...
The Morrígan
The Morrígan or Mórrígan, also known as Morrígu, is a figure from Irish mythology. The name is Mór-Ríoghain in Modern Irish, and it has been translated as "great queen" or "phantom queen".
The Morrígan is mainly associated with war and ...
,
Badb
In Irish mythology, the Badb (Old Irish, ), or in Modern Irish Badhbh (, )—also meaning "crow"—is a war goddess who takes the form of a crow, and is thus sometimes known as Badb Catha ("battle crow").http://www.dil.ie/5114 ''badb'', Author: ...
Niamh
Niamh (; from Old Irish ) is an Irish feminine given name (meaning "bright" or "radiant"), anglicised as Neve, Nieve, Neave, Neavh or Neeve.
In Irish mythology, Niamh is the daughter of the god of the sea, Manannán mac Lir and one of the que ...
*
Sadhbh
In Irish mythology, Sadhbh or Sive ( ) was the mother of Oisín by Fionn mac Cumhail. She is either a daughter of Bodb Derg, king of the Síd of Munster, or may derive in part from Sadb ingen Chuinn, daughter of Conn of the Hundred Battles. ...
Abarta
In Irish mythology, Abarta (also Ábartach, possibly meaning "doer of deeds"Cotterell, Arthur: ''The Encyclopedia of Mythology'', page 96. Hermes House, 2007. ), was in some accounts one of the Tuatha Dé Danann and in others a Fomorian, and is ...
*
Abcán
In Irish mythology, Abcán (modern spelling: Abhcán) was the dwarf poet and musician of the Tuatha Dé Danann, the early Celtic
Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to:
Language and ethnicity
*pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European ...
*
Abhean
In Irish mythology, Abhean (), son of Bec-Felmas, was a poet of the Tuatha Dé Danann, and in particular of Lugh. He was killed by Óengus in front of Midir, according to a poem by Fland Mainistreach in ''Lebor Gabála Érenn''.
Etymology
The ...
Aengus
In Irish mythology, Aengus or Óengus is one of the Tuatha Dé Danann and probably originally a god associated with youth, love,Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. ''Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopedia of the Irish folk tradition''. Prentice-Hall Press, ...
(Óengus, Macán)
*
Ailill
Ailill (Ailell, Oilioll) is a male name in Old Irish. It is a prominent name in Irish mythology, as for Ailill mac Máta, King of Connacht and husband of Queen Medb, on whom Shakespeare based the Fairy Queen Mab. Ailill was a popular given name in ...
*
Aillen
Aillen or Áillen is an incendiary being in Irish mythology. He played the harp and was known to sing beautiful songs.
Character
Called "the burner", he is a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann who resides in Mag Mell, the underworld.
Deeds
Accord ...
Balor
In Irish mythology, Balor or Balar was a leader of the Fomorians, a group of malevolent supernatural beings. He is often described as a giant with a large eye that wreaks destruction when opened. Balor takes part in the Battle of Mag Tuired, a ...
Cian
In Irish mythology, Cian or Cían (), nicknamed Scal Balb, was the son of Dian Cecht, the physician of the Tuatha Dé Danann, and best known as the father of Lugh Lamhfada. Cían's brothers were Cu, Cethen, and Miach.
Cían was slain by the Son ...
*
Cichol
In Irish mythology, Cichol or Cíocal Gricenchos is the earliest-mentioned leader of the Fomorians. His epithet, ''Gricenchos'' or ''Grigenchosach'', is obscure. Macalister translates it as "clapperleg"; R. A. Stewart Macalister (ed. & trans.), ''L ...
The Dagda
The Dagda (Old Irish: ''In Dagda,'' ga, An Daghdha, ) is an important god in Irish mythology. One of the Tuatha Dé Danann, the Dagda is portrayed as a father-figure, king, and druid.Koch, John T. ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia' ...
Ecne
In Celtic mythology, Ecne (Wisdom, Old Irish ''ecna, ecne'', wise, enlightened) was one of the Tuatha Dé Danann and was the god of wisdom, or knowledge.
Credne
In Irish mythology, Credne (Old Irish) or Creidhne (Modern Irish – pronounced ) was the goldsmith of the Tuatha Dé Danann, but he also worked with bronze and brass. He and his brothers Goibniu and Luchtaine were known as the ''Trí Dée Dána' ...
&
Luchta
In Irish mythology, Luchtaine (or Luchta) was the carpenter or wright of the Tuatha Dé Danann; elsewhere he is described as the son of Luachaid. He and his brothers Creidhne and Goibniu were known as the ''Trí Dée Dána'', the three gods of art ...
- called the "three gods of craft"
* Labraid
* Lén
*
Lir
Lir or Ler (meaning "Sea" in Old Irish; ''Ler'' and ''Lir'' are the nominative and genitive forms, respectively) is a sea god in Irish mythology. His name suggests that he is a personification of the sea, rather than a distinct deity. He is na ...
Mac Cuill
In Irish mythology, Mac Cuill of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was a son of Cermait, son of the Dagda. Mac Cuill's given name was Éthur and he was named Mac Cuill after his god, Coll, the hazel. His wife was Banba.
Description
He and his brothers Mac ...
Néit
In Irish mythology Neit (Néit, Nét, Neith) was a god of war. He was the husband of Nemain and/or Fea, and sometimes of Badb. Also grandfather of Balor, he was killed at the legendary Second Battle of Moytura.
Etymology
The name probably de ...
Elcmar
In Irish mythology, Elcmar or Ecmar (modern spelling: Ealcmhar) is the husband of Boann and belongs to the divine Tuatha Dé Danann. It has been suggested that he is Nuada under another name, and he is sometimes confused with Nechtan, Boann's us ...
)Coulter and Turner 165.
*
Ogma
OGMA – Indústria Aeronáutica de Portugal S.A. is a Portuguese aerospace company focused on aircraft maintenance and manufacturing.
History
OGMA was founded as part of the reorganisation of the Portuguese Army's Aeronautic Service on June 2 ...
*
Tethra
In Irish mythology, Tethra of the Fomorians ruled Mag Mell after dying in the Second Battle of Mag Tuiredh. After the battle, his sword, Orna, was taken by Ogma and it then recounted everything it had done.
Etymology
Tethra may be derived from t ...
Celtic Britons
The Britons ( *''Pritanī'', la, Britanni), also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were people of Celtic language and culture who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age and into the Middle Ages, at which point th ...
Arianrhod
Arianrhod () is a figure in Welsh mythology who plays her most important role in the Fourth Branch of the ''Mabinogi''. She is the daughter of Dôn and the sister of Gwydion and Gilfaethwy; the Welsh Triads give her father as Beli Mawr.Triad 35. B ...
Ceridwen
Ceridwen or Cerridwen ( ''Ke-RID-wen'') was an enchantress in Welsh mythology, Welsh medieval legend. She was the mother of a hideous son, Afagddu, and a beautiful daughter, Creirwy. Her husband was Tegid Foel and they lived near Bala Lake () in ...
Dea Matrona
In Celtic mythology, Dea Matrona ("divine mother goddess") was the goddess who gives her name to the river Marne (ancient ''Matrŏna'') in Gaul.
The Gaulish theonym ''Mātr-on-ā'' signifies "great mother" and the goddess of the Marne has been in ...
*
Nimue
The Lady of the Lake (french: Dame du Lac, Demoiselle du Lac, cy, Arglwyddes y Llyn, kw, Arloedhes an Lynn, br, Itron al Lenn, it, Dama del Lago) is a name or a title used by several either fairy or fairy-like but human enchantresses in the ...
Afallach Afallach ( Old Welsh Aballac) is a man's name found in several medieval Welsh genealogies, where he is made the son of Beli Mawr. According to a medieval Welsh triad, Afallach was the father of the goddess Modron. The Welsh redactions of Geoffrey ...
*
Amaethon In Welsh mythology, Amaethon ( (), meaning "Amaethon son of Dôn") was the god of agriculture, and the son of the goddess Dôn.Cotterell, Arthur: The Encyclopedia of Mythology, page 97. Hermes House, 2007. His name means "labourer" or "ploughman", ...
Bladud
Bladud or Blaiddyd is a legendary king of the Britons, although there is no historical evidence for his existence. He is first mentioned in Geoffrey of Monmouth's ''Historia Regum Britanniae'' ( 1136), which describes him as the son of King Rud ...
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*"Greek & Roman Mythology - Tools". ''http://www.classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/tools/dictionary.php?regexp=RHEA&method=standard.''
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{{List of mythological figures by region
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Celtic
Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to:
Language and ethnicity
*pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia
**Celts (modern)
*Celtic languages
**Proto-Celtic language
* Celtic music
*Celtic nations
Sports Fo ...