October 22

Events

Pre-1600

* 451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council.
* 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto).
* 906 – Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000–5,000 captives.
*1383 – The male line of the Portuguese House of Burgundy becomes extinct with the death of King Fernando, leaving only his daughter Beatrice. Rival claimants begin a period of civil war and disorder.

1601–1900

*1633 – The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company.
*1707 – Four British naval vessels run aground on the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. In response, the first Longitude Act is enacted in 1714.
*1721 – The Russian Empire is proclaimed by Tsar Peter I after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War.
*1730 – Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed.
*1739 – The War of Jenkins' Ear begins with the first attack on La Guaira.
*1746 – The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter
*1777 – American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.
*1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
*1790 – Northwest Indian War: Native American forces defeat the United States, ending the Harmar Campaign.
*1797 – André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump, from above Paris.
*1836 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.
*1844 – The Millerites (followers of Baptist preacher William Miller) anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day becomes known as the Great Disappointment.
*1859 – Spain declares war on Morocco.
*1866 – A plebiscite ratifies the annexation of Veneto and Mantua to Italy, which had occurred three days before on October 19.
*1875 – The first telegraphic connection in Argentina becomes operational.
*1877 – The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.
*1878 – The Bramall Lane stadium sees the first rugby match played under floodlights.
*1879 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (lasting 13 hours before burning out).
*1883 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's ''Faust''.
*1884 – The International Meridian Conference designates the Royal Observatory, Greenwich as the world's prime meridian.
*1895 – In Paris an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost of concourse before crashing through a wall and falling to the road below.

1901–present

*1907 – A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will spark the Panic of 1907.
*1910 – Hawley Harvey Crippen (the first felon to be arrested with the help of radio) is convicted of poisoning his wife.
*1923 – The royalist Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt fails in Greece, discrediting the monarchy and paving the way for the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic.
*1934 – In East Liverpool, Ohio, FBI agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd.
*1936 – Dod Orsborne, captain of the ''Girl Pat'' is convicted of its theft and imprisoned, having caused a media sensation when it went missing.
*1941 – World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
*1943 – World War II: In the second firestorm raid on Germany, the RAF conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
*1946 – Over twenty-two hundred engineers and technicians from eastern Germany are forced to relocate to the Soviet Union, along with their families and equipment.
*1947 – The Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan begins, having started just after the partition of India.
*1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.
*1963 – A BAC One-Eleven prototype airliner crashes in UK with the loss of all on board.
*1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor.
* 1964 – An all-party Parliamentary Committee selects the design which will become the new official flag of Canada.
*1975 – The Soviet unmanned space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus.
*1976 – Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs.
*1981 – The United States Federal Labor Relations Authority votes to decertify the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) for its strike the previous August.
*1983 – Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.
*1987 – John Adams' opera '' Nixon in China'' premiered.
*1997 – Danish fugitive Steen Christensen kills two police officers, Chief Constable Eero Holsti and Senior Constable Antero Palo, in Ullanlinna, Helsinki, Finland during his prison escape.
*1999 – Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.
*2005 – Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season the most active Atlantic hurricane season until surpassed by the 2020 season.
* 2005 – Bellview Airlines Flight 210 crashes in Nigeria, killing all 117 people on board.
*2006 – A Panama Canal expansion proposal is approved by 77.8% of voters in a national referendum.
*2007 – A raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 Tamil Tiger commandos, with all except one dying in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and ten damaged.
*2008 – India launches its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1.
*2012 – Cyclist Lance Armstrong is formally stripped of his seven Tour de France titles after being charged for doping.
*2013 – The Australian Capital Territory becomes the first Australian jurisdiction to legalize same-sex marriage with the Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013.
*2014 – Michael Zehaf-Bibeau attacks the Parliament of Canada, killing a soldier and injuring three other people.
*2019 – Same-sex marriage is legalised, and abortion is decriminalised in Northern Ireland as a result of the Northern Ireland Assembly not being restored.

Births

Pre-1600

* 955 – Qian Weijun, king of Wuyue (d. 991)
*1071 – William IX, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 1126)
* 1197 – Juntoku, Japanese emperor (d. 1242)
*1511 – Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1553)
* 1559 – Jacques Sirmond, French scholar (d. 1651)
* 1587 – Joachim Jungius, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1657)
*1592 – Gustav Horn, Count of Pori (d. 1657)

1601–1900

*1659 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German chemist and physician (d. 1734)
*1689 – John V, Portuguese king (d. 1750)
*1701 – Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756)
*1729 – Johann Reinhold Forster, German pastor and botanist (d. 1798)
*1749 – Cornelis van der Aa, Dutch historian and bookseller (d. 1816)
*1761 – Antoine Barnave, French politician and orator (d. 1793)
*1778 – Javier de Burgos, Spanish jurist and politician (d. 1848)
*1781 – Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France (d. 1789
*1783 – Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, Ottoman-French polymath and naturalist (d. 1840)
*1809 – Volney Howard, American lawyer, jurist, and politician, Texas Attorney General (d. 1889)
*1811 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist and composer (d. 1886)
*1818 – Leconte de Lisle, French poet and author (d. 1894)
*1821 – Collis Potter Huntington, American businessman (d. 1900)
*1832 – August Labitzky, Czech composer and conductor (d. 1903)
*1843 – James Strachan-Davidson, English classical scholar, academic administrator, translator, and author (d. 1916)
*1844 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress and manager (d. 1923)
* 1844 – Louis Riel, Canadian scholar and politician (d. 1885)
*1847 – Koos de la Rey, South African general (d. 1914)
*1850 – Charles Kingston, Australian politician, 20th Premier of South Australia (d. 1908)
*1858 – Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1921)
*1859 – Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (d. 1949)
*1865 – Kristjan Raud, Estonian painter and illustrator (d. 1943)
*1870 – Ivan Bunin, Russian author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
* 1870 – Lord Alfred Douglas, English author and poet (d. 1945)
*1873 – Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finnish linguist and diplomat (d. 1950)
* 1873 – Rama Tirtha, Indian philosopher and educator (d. 1906)
*1875 – Théodore Monbeig, French Catholic missionary and botanist (d. 1914)
* 1875 – David van Embden, Dutch economist and politician (d. 1962)
*1878 – Jaan Lattik, Estonian pastor and politician, 9th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1967)
*1881 – Clinton Davisson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
* 1881 – Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, German geophysicist and seismologist (d. 1908)
*1882 – Edmund Dulac, French-English illustrator (d. 1953)
* 1882 – N. C. Wyeth, American painter and illustrator (d. 1945)
*1885 – Giovanni Martinelli, Italian tenor and actor (d. 1969)
*1886 – Erik Bergman, Swedish minister (d. 1970)
*1887 – John Reed, American journalist and poet (d. 1920)
*1893 – Ernst Öpik, Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist (d. 1985)
* 1893 – Luis Otero, Spanish footballer (d. 1955)
*1894 – Mei Lanfang, Chinese actor and singer (d. 1961)
*1895 – Johnny Morrison, professional baseball player (d. 1966)
*1896 – Charles Glen King, American biochemist and academic (d. 1988)
* 1896 – José Leitão de Barros, Portuguese film director and playwright (d. 1967)
*1897 – Marjorie Flack, American author and illustrator (d. 1958)
*1898 – Dámaso Alonso, Spanish poet and philologist (d. 1990)
*1899 – Salarrué, Salvadoran writer and painter (d. 1975)
*1900 – Ashfaqulla Khan, Indian activist (d. 1927)

1901–present

*1903 – George Wells Beadle, American geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
* 1903 – Curly Howard, American comedian and vaudevillian (d. 1952)
*1904 – Constance Bennett, American actress, singer, and producer (d. 1965)
* 1904 – Saúl Calandra, Argentine football player (d. 1973)
* 1904 – Karl Guthe Jansky, American physicist and radio engineer (d. 1950)
*1905 – Joseph Kosma, Hungarian-French pianist and composer (d. 1969)
*1906 – Kees van Baaren, Dutch composer and educator (d. 1970)
* 1906 – Aurelio Baldor – Günther Treptow, German tenor (d. 1981)
*1908 – John Gould, American journalist and author (d. 2003)
* 1908 – José Escobar Saliente, Spanish cartoonist (d. 1994)
*1913 – Robert Capa, Hungarian-American photographer and journalist (d. 1954)
* 1913 – Bảo Đại, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1997)
* 1913 – Hans-Peter Tschudi, Swiss lawyer and politician, 63rd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002)
*1915 – Yitzhak Shamir, Belarusian-Israeli civil servant and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Israel (d. 2012)
*1917 – Joan Fontaine, British-American actress (d. 2013)
*1918 – Lou Klein, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1976)
*1919 – Doris Lessing, British novelist, poet, playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
*1920 – Timothy Leary, American psychologist and author (d. 1996)
*1921 – Georges Brassens, French singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1981)
* 1921 – Alexander Kronrod, Russian mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1986)
* 1921 – Harald Nugiseks, Estonian sergeant (d. 2014)
*1923 – Bert Trautmann, German footballer and manager (d. 2013)
*1925 – Slater Martin, American basketball player and coach (d. 2012)
* 1925 – Edith Kawelohea McKinzie, Hawaiian genealogist, author, and hula expert (d. 2014)
* 1925 – Robert Rauschenberg, American painter and illustrator (d. 2008)
*1927 – Allan Hendrickse, South African minister and politician (d. 2005)
*1928 – Clare Fischer, American pianist, composer and arranger (d. 2012)
* 1928 – Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2018)
*1929 – Michael Birkett, 2nd Baron Birkett, English director and producer (d. 2015)
* 1929 – Dory Previn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2012)
* 1929 – Lev Yashin, Russian footballer (d. 1990)
*1930 – Estela de Carlotto, Argentine human rights activist
* 1930 – José Guardiola, Spanish singer (d. 2012)
*1931 – Ann Rule, American police officer and author (d. 2015)
*1933 – Carlos Alberto Sacheri, Argentine philosopher (d. 1974)
* 1933 – Helmut Senekowitsch, Austrian footballer and manager (d. 2007)
*1934 – Donald McIntyre, New Zealand opera singer
*1936 – John Blashford-Snell, English soldier, author, and explorer
* 1936 – Peter Cook, English architect and academic
* 1936 – Jovan Pavlović, Serbian metropolitan (d. 2014)
*1937 – José Larralde, Argentine singer-songwriter
* 1937 – Manos Loïzos, Egyptian-Greek composer (d. 1982)
*1938 – K. Indrapala, Sri Lankan historian and academic
* 1938 – Derek Jacobi, English actor
* 1938 – Christopher Lloyd, American actor, comedian and producer
*1939 – Joaquim Chissano, Mozambican politician, 2nd President of Mozambique
* 1939 – George Cohen, English footballer (d. 2022)
* 1939 – Jean-Pierre Desthuilliers, French poet and critic (d. 2013)
* 1939 – Tony Roberts, American actor and singer
*1941 – Ahmet Mete Işıkara, Turkish geophysicist and earthquake scientist (d. 2013)
* 1941 – Charles Keating, English-American actor (d. 2014)
*1942 – Bobby Fuller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1966)
* 1942 – Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (d. 2013)
*1943 – Allen Coage, American-Canadian wrestler and coach (d. 2007)
* 1943 – Catherine E. Coulson, American actress (d. 2015)
* 1943 – Jan de Bont, Dutch director, producer, and cinematographer
* 1943 – Catherine Deneuve, French actress and singer
* 1943 – Seif Sharif Hamad, Zanzibari politician, 2nd Chief Minister of Zanzibar (d. 2021)
*1945 – Eddie Brigati, American singer-songwriter
* 1945 – Yvan Ponton, Canadian actor and game show host
* 1945 – Buzz Potamkin, American director and producer, founded Buzzco Associates (d. 2012)
* 1945 – Sheila Sherwood, English long jumper
* 1945 – Michael Stoute, Barbadian-English horse trainer
* 1945 – Leslie West, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020)
*1946 – Claude Charron, Canadian educator and politician
* 1946 – Godfrey Chitalu, Zambian footballer (d. 1993)
* 1946 – Deepak Chopra, Indian-American physician and author
* 1946 – Elizabeth Connell, South African mezzo-soprano (d. 2012)
* 1946 – Kelvin MacKenzie, English journalist
* 1946 – Jaime Nebot, Ecuadorian politician
*1947 – Raymond Bachand, Canadian lawyer and politician
* 1947 – Haley Barbour, American lawyer and politician, 62nd Governor of Mississippi
*1948 – Mike Hendrick, English cricketer, coach, and umpire
* 1948 – Pierre Lartigue, French rally driver
* 1948 – Debbie Macomber, American author
*1949 – Stiv Bators, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 1990)
* 1949 – Vasilios Magginas, Greek politician, Greek Minister of Employment (d. 2015)
* 1949 – Manfred Trojahn, German flute player, composer, and conductor
* 1949 – Arsène Wenger, French footballer and manager
*1950 – Donald Ramotar, Guyanese politician, 8th President of Guyana
*1952 – Julie Dash, American director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1952 – Jeff Goldblum, American actor and producer
*1953 – René Arce Islas, Mexican politician
*1954 – Graham Joyce, English author and educator (d. 2014)
*1956 – John Adam, Australian rugby league player
* 1956 – Alejandro Kuropatwa, Argentine photographer (d. 2003)
*1957 – Henry Lauterbach, German jumper
* 1957 – Daniel Melingo, Argentine musician
*1958 – Bobby Blotzer, American drummer
*1959 – Roberto Navarro, Argentine journalist
* 1959 – Arto Salminen, Finnish journalist and author (d. 2005)
* 1959 – Marc Shaiman, American composer and songwriter
*1960 – Darryl Jenifer, American bass player
* 1960 – Cris Kirkwood, American singer-songwriter and bass player
*1961 – Takaaki Ishibashi, Japanese comedian, singer, and actor
* 1961 – Barbara Potter, American tennis player
*1962 – Bob Odenkirk, American actor and comedian
*1963 – Brian Boitano, American figure skater
*1964 – Dražen Petrović, Croatian basketball player (d. 1993)
* 1964 – TobyMac, American singer-songwriter and producer
*1965 – Valeria Golino, Italian actress
* 1965 – John Wesley Harding, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1965 – A. L. Kennedy, Scottish comedian, journalist, and author
* 1965 – Otis Smith, American football player and coach
* 1965 – Piotr Wiwczarek, Polish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
*1966 – Yuri Arbachakov, Russian-Japanese boxer
* 1966 – Maelo Ruiz, New York City-born Puerto Rican Salsa romántica singer
*1967 – Salvatore Di Vittorio, Italian composer and conductor
* 1967 – Rita Guerra, Portuguese singer
* 1967 – Oona King, Baroness King of Bow, English academic and politician
* 1967 – Ulrike Maier, Austrian skier (d. 1994)
* 1967 – Carlos Mencia, Honduran-American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
* 1967 – Ron Tugnutt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster
*1968 – Stephanie Cutter, American lawyer and political consultant
* 1968 – Jay Johnston, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
* 1968 – Shelby Lynne, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1968 – Stéphane Quintal, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1968 – Shaggy, Jamaican singer-songwriter and DJ
*1969 – Julio Borges, Venezuelan politician
* 1969 – Héctor Carrasco, Dominican baseball player
* 1969 – Spike Jonze, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1969 – Helmut Lotti, Belgian singer-songwriter
* 1969 – Coque Malla, Spanish musician and actor
*1970 – Winston Bogarde, Dutch footballer and manager
* 1970 – Amy Redford, American actress, director, and producer
*1971 – Amanda Coetzer, South African tennis player
* 1971 – Kornél Dávid, Hungarian basketball player
* 1971 – José Manuel Martínez, Spanish runner
* 1971 – Jennifer Lee, American screenwriter, director, Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios
*1972 – D'Lo Brown, American wrestler and accountant
* 1972 – Saffron Burrows, English-American actress
* 1972 – Víctor Saldaño

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