This article lists the living
orders of the
Viridiplantae
Viridiplantae (literally "green plants") are a clade of eukaryotic organisms that comprise approximately 450,000–500,000 species and play important roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are made up of the green algae, which ar ...
, based primarily on the work of Ruggiero et al. 2015. Living order of
Lycophyte
The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a vascular plant (tracheophyte) subgroup of the kingdom Plantae. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldes ...
s and
fern
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes exce ...
s are taken from Christenhusz et al. 2011b
and
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relatio ...
.
Living orders of
Gymnosperm
The gymnosperms ( lit. revealed seeds) are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, '' Ginkgo'', and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The term ''gymnosperm'' comes from the composite word in el, γυμν ...
s are added from Christenhusz et al. 2011a
while extinct orders are from Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007.
Division
Prasinodermophyta
The Prasinodermophyta are a proposed basal Viridiplantae clade, as sister of another clade comprising the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. It consists of the Prasinodermophyceae and the Palmophyllophyceae. They were previously considered to be ...
Class Prasinodermophyceae
* Order
Prasinodermatales
Class
Palmophyllophyceae
The Palmophyllophyceae are a proposed basal Chlorophyte clade consisting of the Palmophyllales and Prasinococcales.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q26962824
Green algae classes ...
* Order
Prasinococcales
* Order
Palmophyllales
Division
Chlorophyta
Chlorophyta or Prasinophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes. The name is used in two very different senses, so care is needed to determine the use by a particular author. In older classification systems, it refers to a ...
Subdivision Prasinophytina
Class Mamiellophyceae
* Order
Monomastigales
''Monomastix'' is a genus of green algae in the class Mamiellophyceae
Mamiellophyceae is a class of green algae in the division Chlorophyta
Chlorophyta or Prasinophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes. The name is ...
* Order
Dolichomastigales
* Order
Mamiellales
Class Pyramimonadophyceae
* Order
Pyramimonadales
Pyramimonadales are an order of green algae in the Chlorophyta. The chloroplasts of phototrophic euglenids probably came from endosymbiosis with a member of this order.
Taxonomy
* Family Polyblepharidaceae Dangeard 1888
** Genus '' Amphoraemon ...
Subdivision Chlorophytina
Class Nephroselmidophyceae
* Order
Nephroselmidales
Class
Picocystophyceae
''Picocystis'' is a monotypic genus of green algae, the sole species is ''Picocystis salinarum''. It is placed within its own class, Picocystophyceae in the division Chlorophyta
Chlorophyta or Prasinophyta is a taxon of green algae inform ...
* Order
Picocystales
* Order ?
Pseudoscourfieldiales
Class
Chloropicophyceae
Chloropicophyceae is a class of green algae in the division Chlorophyta that, along with Picocystophyceae, coincides with the traditional "prasinophyte clade VII".
Description
Members of this class are coccoid green cells, with a diameter of ...
* Order
Chloropicales
Class Pedinophyceae
* Order ?
Scourfieldiales
* Order
Marsupiomonadales
* Order
Pedinomonadales
Class Chlorodendrophyceae
* Order
Chlorodendrales
Class
Trebouxiophyceae
The Trebouxiophyceae are a class of green algae, in the division Chlorophyta. Their circumscription within the green algae is not well established due to the need for more genetic studies at higher levels within the group.
Genera without interve ...
* Order ?
Phyllosiphonales
* Order
Chlorellales
* Order
Prasiolales
Prasiolales is an order of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae.See the NCBI
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institute ...
* Order
Microthamniales
* Order
Trebouxiales
Class
Ulvophyceae
The Ulvophyceae or ulvophytes are a class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology, life cycle and molecular phylogenetic data.Graham LE, Graham JM, Wilcox LW (2009) ''Algae''. 2nd Edition. Benjamin Cumming ...
* Order
Ignatiales
* Order
Oltmannsiellopsidales
* Order
Scotinosphaerales
* Order
Ulotrichales
Ulotrichales is an order of green algae in the class Ulvophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Ulotrichales Data extracted from the
Genera unplaced to family (''incertae sedis''):
*'' Trichosarcina''
Families
* '' Binucleariaceae''
* '' Collin ...
* Order
Ulvales
Ulvales is an order of green alga
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have e ...
* Order
Trentepohliales
Trentepohliales is an order of Ulvophyceaen green algae.See the NCBI
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (N ...
* Order
Cladophorales
Cladophorales are an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae
The Ulvophyceae or ulvophytes are a class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology, life cycle and molecular phylogenetic data.Graham L ...
* Order
Dasycladales
Dasycladales is an order of large unicellular green algae in the class Ulvophyceae. It contains two families, the Dasycladaceae and the Polyphysaceae.
These single celled algae are from 2 mm to 200 mm long. They live on substrates ...
* Order
Bryopsidales
Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae.
Characteristics
The thallus is filamentous and much branched and may be packed into a mass. It is coenocytic, having multi-nucleate cells consisting of cytoplasm contained withi ...
Class Chlorophyceae
* Order
Chaetopeltidales
* Order
Chaetophorales
* Order
Chlamydomonadales
Chlamydomonadales, also known as Volvocales, are an order of flagellated or pseudociliated green algae, specifically of the Chlorophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadales Data extracted from the Chlamydomonadales can form planar or ...
* Order
Chlorococcales
Chlorococcales is a formerly recognized order of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae. , the type family Chlorococcaceae was placed in the order Chlamydomonadales.
Conventionally, many groups of coccoid green algae were lumped in the order Ch ...
* Order
Microsporales
* Order
Oedogoniales
* Order
Sphaeropleales
* Order
Tetrasporales
Division
Streptophyta
Streptophyta (), informally the streptophytes (, from the Greek ''strepto'' 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition e ...
Subdivision Chlorokybophytina
Class
Mesostigmatophyceae
The Mesostigmatophyceae are a class of basal green algae found in freshwater. In a narrow circumscription, the class contains a single genus, ''Mesostigma''. AlgaeBase then places the order within its circumscription of Charophyta. A clade co ...
* Order
Mesostigmatales
Class Chlorokybophyceae
* Order
Chlorokybales
Subdivision Klebsormidiophyinta
Class
Klebsormidiophyceae
Klebsormidiales is an order of charophyte algae. It is the only order in the class Klebsormidiophyceae, sister of the Phragmoplastophyta. , AlgaeBase
AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine an ...
* Order
Klebsormidiales
Klebsormidiales is an order of charophyte algae. It is the only order in the class Klebsormidiophyceae, sister of the Phragmoplastophyta. , AlgaeBase
AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine an ...
Subdivision Charophytina
Class
Charophyceae
Charophyceae is a class of charophyte green algae. AlgaeBase places it in division Charophyta. Extant (living) species are placed in a single order Charales, commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts". Fossil members of the class may be ...
* Order †
Sycidiales
* Order †
Chovanellales
* Order †
Moellerinales
* Order
Charales
Charales is an order of freshwater green algae in the division Charophyta, class Charophyceae, commonly known as stoneworts. Depending on the treatment of the genus '' Nitellopsis'', living (extant) species are placed into either one family (Ch ...
(Stoenworts & musk grasses)
Subdivision Coleochaetophytina
Class
Coleochaetophyceae
Coleochaetophyceae are a class of charophyte algae that includes some of the closest multicellular relatives of land plants
The Embryophyta (), or land plants, are the most familiar group of green plants that comprise vegetation on Earth. Embr ...
* Order
Coleochaetales
Coleochaetaceae is a family of algae. It is the only family in the Coleochaetales, an order of parenchymous charophyte algae, that includes some of the closest multicellular relatives of land plants.
They questionably include the fossil genus ...
Subdivision Zygnematophytina
Class
Zygnematophyceae
Zygnematophyceae (or Conjugatophyceae) is a class of green algae in the paraphylum streptophyte algae, also referred to as Charophyta, consisting of more than 4000 described species. It contains five orders: the Spirogloeales, the Serritaeniales ...
* Order
Spirogloeales
* Order
Zygnematales
The Zygnematales ( el, ζυγός (''zygós'') and νῆμα (''nḗma'') ( nom.), νήματος (''nḗmatos'') (gen.)), also called the Conjugatales, are an order of green algae, comprising several thousand different species in two families. T ...
* Order
Mesotaeniales
* Order
Desmidiales
Desmidiales, commonly called desmids (''Gr.'' ''desmos'', bond or chain), are an order in the Charophyta, a division of green algae in which the land plants (Embryophyta) emerged. Or in other words, Desmid, (order Desmidiales), order of singl ...
Subdivision Anthocerotophytina
Class Leiosporocerotopsida
* Order
Leiosporocerotales
Class Anthocerotopsida
* Order
Anthocerotales
* Order
Notothyladales
* Order
Phymatocerotales
* Order
Dendrocerotales
Subdivision Marchantiophytina
Class
Haplomitriopsida
Haplomitriopsida is a newly recognized class of liverworts comprising fifteen species in three genera. Recent cladistic analyses of nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid gene sequences place this monophyletic group as the basal sister group to all ...
* Order
Treubiales
* Order
Calobryales
Class
Marchantiopsida
Marchantiopsida is a class of liverworts within the phylum Marchantiophyta. The species in this class are known as complex thalloid liverworts. The species in this class are widely distributed and can be found worldwide.
Phylogeny
Based on the w ...
* Subclass
Blasiidae
** Order
Blasiales
Blasiales is an order of liverworts with a single living family and two species. The order has traditionally been classified among the Metzgeriales, but molecular cladistics suggests a placement at the base of the Marchantiopsida.
Taxonomy
* ...
* Subclass
Marchantiidae (Complex thalloid liverworts)
** Order
Neohodgsoniales
''Neohodgsonia'' is a genus of liverworts containing the single species ''Neohodgsonia mirabilis''. ''Neohodgsonia'' is the only genus in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recogni ...
** Order
Sphaerocarpales
** Order
Lunulariales
''Lunularia cruciata'', the crescent-cup liverwort, is a liverwort of the order Marchantiales (until recently included in the order Lunulariales), and the only species in the genus ''Lunularia'' and family Lunulariaceae. The name, from Latin ''l ...
(crescent-cup liverwort)
** Order
Marchantiales
Marchantiales is an order of thallose liverworts (also known as "complex thalloid liverworts") that includes species like ''Marchantia polymorpha'', a widespread plant often found beside rivers, and ''Lunularia cruciata'', a common and often trou ...
Class
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniopsida is the largest of three classes within the division Marchantiophyta (liverworts).
Phylogeny
Based on the work by Novíkov & Barabaš-Krasni 2015.
Taxonomy
* Jungermanniidae Engler 1893
** Jungermanniales von Klinggräff 1858 ...
* Subclass
Pelliidae
** Order
Pelliales
Pelliales is an order of liverworts.
Classification
Taxonomy based on work by Söderström et al. 2016 and synonyms from ''Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement''.
* Noterocladaceae Frey & Stech 2005
** ''Noteroclada'' Ta ...
** Order
Pallaviciniales
Pallaviciniales is an order of liverworts.
Taxonomy
* Pallaviciniineae Schuster 1984
** Hymenophytaceae Schuster 1963
*** ''Hymenophyton'' Dumortier 1835 Umbraculum'' Gottsche 1861 non Schumacher 1817 non Kuntze 1891]
** Moerckiaceae Stotler ...
** Order
Fossombroniales
* Subclass
Metzgeriidae
** Order
Pleuroziales
''Pleurozia'' is the only genus of liverworts in the family Pleuroziaceae, which is now classified in its own order Pleuroziales, but was previously included in a broader circumscription of the Jungermanniales. The genus includes twelve species ...
** Order
Metzgeriales
Metzgeriales is an order of liverworts. The group is sometimes called the simple thalloid liverworts: " thalloid" because the members lack structures resembling stems or leaves, and "simple" because their tissues are thin and relatively undiffe ...
* Subclass
Jungermanniidae (leafy liverworts)
** Order
Porellales
Porellales is an order of liverworts.
Taxonomy
* Jubulineae Müller 1909
** Frullaniaceae Lorch 1914
*** '' Frullania'' Raddi 1818a 'Amphijubula'' Schuster 1970a; ''Schusterella">Amphijubula.html" ;"title="'Amphijubula">'Amphijubula'' Schuste ...
** Order
Ptilidiales
Ptilidiales is an order of liverwort
The Marchantiophyta () are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells ...
** Order
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniales is the largest order of liverworts. They are distinctive among the liverworts for having thin leaf-like flaps on either side of the stem. Most other liverworts are thalloid, with no leaves. Due to their dorsiventral organization ...
Subdivision Bryophytina
Class
Takakiopsida
''Takakia'' is a genus of two species of mosses known from western North America and central and eastern Asia. The genus is placed as a separate family, order and class among the mosses. It has had a history of uncertain placement, but the disco ...
* Order
Takakiales
Class Sphagnopsida
* Order †
Protosphagnales
* Order
Ambuchananiales
* Order
Sphagnales (Peat/bog mosses)
Class Andreaeobryopsida
* Order
Andreaeobryales
Class
Andreaeopsida
Andreaeaceae is a family of mosses which includes two genera, '' Andreaea'', containing about 100 species, and the genus '' Acroschisma''. The Andreaeaceae prefer rocky habitats ranging from tropical to arctic climates, on which they form tufted ...
* Order
Andreaeales (Granite/lantern mosses)
Class Oedipodiopsida
* Order
Oedipodiales
Class Tetraphidopsida
* Order
Tetraphidales
Class
Polytrichopsida
Polytrichaceae is a common family of mosses. Members of this family tend to be larger than other mosses with a thickened central stem and a rhizome. The leaves have a midrib that bears photosynthetic lamellae on the upper surface. Species in th ...
* Order
Polytrichales (Hair-cap mosses)
Class
Bryopsida
The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world.
The group is distinguished by having spore capsules with teeth that are '' ...
* Subclass
Buxbaumiidae
''Buxbaumia'' (bug moss, bug-on-a-stick, humpbacked elves, or elf-cap moss) is a genus of twelve species of moss (Bryophyta). It was first named in 1742 by Albrecht von Haller and later brought into modern botanical nomenclature in 1801 by Joh ...
** Order
Buxbaumiales
''Buxbaumia'' (bug moss, bug-on-a-stick, humpbacked elves, or elf-cap moss) is a genus of twelve species of moss (Bryophyta). It was first named in 1742 by Albrecht von Haller and later brought into modern botanical nomenclature in 1801 by Johan ...
* Subclass
Diphysciidae
''Diphyscium'' is a genus of mosses in the family Diphysciaceae. Members of this genus are small, perennial plants. The capsule does not elongate much, and remains buried among surrounding leaves.
There are fifteen species of ''Diphyscium''. ...
** Order
Diphysciales
''Diphyscium'' is a genus of mosses in the family Diphysciaceae. Members of this genus are small, perennial plants. The capsule does not elongate much, and remains buried among surrounding leaves.
There are fifteen species of ''Diphyscium''. H ...
* Subclass
Gigaspermidae
Gigaspermaceae are a family of mosses in the monotypic order Gigaspermales. The order is placed in subclass Gigaspermidae of the class Bryopsida. They were previously placed in subclass Funariidae
The Funariidae are a widespread group of m ...
** Order
Gigaspermales
Gigaspermaceae are a family of mosses in the monotypic order Gigaspermales. The order is placed in subclass Gigaspermidae of the class Bryopsida. They were previously placed in subclass Funariidae
The Funariidae are a widespread group of mos ...
* Subclass
Funariidae
The Funariidae are a widespread group of mosses in class Bryopsida.Buck, William R. & Bernard Goffinet. 2000. "Morphology and classification of mosses", pages 71-123 ''in'' A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), ''Bryophyte Biology''. (Camb ...
** Order
Disceliales
''Discelium'' is the only genus of moss in the family Disceliaceae; it contains the single species ''Discelium nudum'', the flag-moss. This species is rare, but is widely distributed in cool and temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere
...
** Order
Encalyptales
Encalyptales is an order of mosses in subclass Funariidae
The Funariidae are a widespread group of mosses in class Bryopsida.Buck, William R. & Bernard Goffinet. 2000. "Morphology and classification of mosses", pages 71-123 ''in'' A. Jonathan ...
** Order
Funariales
Funariales is an order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential ...
* Subclass
Timmiidae
''Timmia'' is a genus of moss. It is the only genus in the family Timmiaceae and order Timmiales.Buck, William R. & Bernard Goffinet. 2000. "Morphology and classification of mosses", pages 71-123 ''in'' A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds. ...
** Order
Timmiales
''Timmia'' is a genus of moss. It is the only genus in the family Timmiaceae and order Timmiales.Buck, William R. & Bernard Goffinet. 2000. "Morphology and classification of mosses", pages 71-123 ''in'' A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.) ...
* Subclass
Dicranidae
The Dicranidae are a widespread and diverse subclass of mosses in class Bryopsida, with many species of dry or disturbed areas. They are distinguished by their spores; the peristome Peristome (from the Greek ''peri'', meaning 'around' or 'about' ...
(Haplolepideous mosses)
** Order
Archidiales
** Order
Pseudoditrichales
** Order
Catoscopiales
** Order
Scouleriales
** Order
Bryoxiphiales
** Order
Grimmiales
** Order
Pottiales
** Order
Dicranales
Dicranales is an order of haplolepideous mosses in the subclass Dicranidae
The Dicranidae are a widespread and diverse subclass of mosses in class Bryopsida, with many species of dry or disturbed areas. They are distinguished by their spore
...
* Subclass
Bryidae
Bryidae is an important subclass of Bryopsida. It is common throughout the whole world. Members have a double peristome with alternating tooth segments.
Classification
The classification of the Bryidae.Buck, William R. & Bernard Goffinet. 2000. ...
(Diplolepideous-alternate mosses)
** Superorder
Bryanae
*** Order
Splachnales
*** Order
Hedwigiales
Hedwigiales is an order of mosses. It is named after Johannes Hedwig (1730-1799), the founder of modern bryology.
Description
They are a medium to large size acrocarpous moss with irregular branching. A midrib is not normally present in the le ...
*** Order
Bartramiales
Bartramiales is an order of moss.
Taxonomy
The order Bartramiales contains a single family with nine genera.
Family Bartramiaceae
*'' Anacolia''
*'' Bartramia''
*'' Breutelia''
*'' Conostomum''
*'' Flowersia''
*'' Leiomela''
*'' Neosh ...
*** Order
Bryales
Bryales is an order (biology), order of mosses.
Taxonomy
The order Bryales includes the following five family (biology), families:
* Bryaceae
* Leptostomataceae
* Mniaceae
* Phyllodrepaniaceae
* Pulchrinodaceae
The order used to be de ...
*** Order
Rhizogoniales
Rhizogoniales is an order of mosses in the Bryopsida
The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world.
The group is dist ...
*** Order
Orthotrichales
Orthotrichaceae is the only family of mosses in the order Orthotrichales. Many species in the family are epiphytic.
Classification
*''Cardotiella''
*''Ceuthotheca''
*''Codonoblepharon''
*''Desmotheca''
*''Florschuetziella''
*''Groutiella''
*''Le ...
*** Order
Orthodontiales
*** Order
Aulacomniales
** Superorder
Hypnanae
*** Order
Hypnodendrales
Hypnodendrales is an order of mosses.
Description
Species in the order are robust pleurocarpous mosses that are epiphytic. They are generally characterized by basally reiterating stems or stipes with secondary branching towards the apex. The o ...
*** Order
Ptychomniales
*** Order
Hypopterygiales
*** Order
Hookeriales
*** Order
Hypnales
Hypnales is the botanical name of an order of Bryophyta or leafy mosses. This group is sometimes called feather mosses, referring to their freely branched stems. The order includes more than 40 families and more than 4,000 species, making the ...
Clade †Horneophytina
Class †
Horneophytopsida
The Horneophytopsida, informally called horneophytes, are a class of extinct plants which consisted of branched stems without leaves, true roots or vascular tissue, found from the Late Silurian to the Early Devonian (around ). They are the sim ...
* Order †
Horneophytales
Subdivision Tracheophytina
Class † Cooksoniopsida
* Order †
Cooksoniales
Class †
Rhyniopsida
The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus ''Rhynia'', found in the Early Devonian (around ). Sources vary in the name and rank used for this group, some treating it as the class R ...
* Order ?†
Yarraviales
* Order ?†
Taeniocradales
* Order †
Rhyniales
Clade † Zosterophyllophyta
* Class †
Barinophytopsida
** Order †
Barinophytales
* Class †
Zosterophyllopsida
** Order †
Sawdoniales
The Sawdoniales are an order or plesion of extinct zosterophylls. The zosterophylls were among the first vascular plants in the fossil record, and share an ancestor with the living lycophytes. The group has been divided up in various ways. In th ...
** Order †
Zosterophyllales
The zosterophylls are a group of extinct land plants that first appeared in the Silurian period. The taxon was first established by Banks in 1968 as the subdivision Zosterophyllophytina; they have since also been treated as the division Zostero ...
Class
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants known as lycopods, lycophytes or other terms including the component lyco-. Members of the class are also called clubmosses, firmosses, spikemosses and quillworts. They have dichotomously branching s ...
* Order †
Drepanophycales
* Subclass †
Asteroxylidae
** Order ?†
Thursophytales
** Order †
Asteroxylales
* Subclass
Lycopodiidae
** Order
Lycopodiales
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and about 400 known species. This family originated about 380 mil ...
(Clubmosses, groundpines, groundcedars)
* Subclass †
Prolepidodendridae
** Order †
Protolepidodendrales
The Protolepidodendrales are an extinct order of lycopsids that flourished from the Devonian to the lower Carboniferous ( Mississippian) periods.
'' Leclercqia'' is one of the best-known genera. '' Protolepidodendropsis'' is another genus incl ...
* Subclass
Selaginellidae (Spikemosses; rose of Jericho; resurrection plant; Engels moss)
** Order
Selaginellales
''Selaginella'' is the sole genus of vascular plants in the family Selaginellaceae, the spikemosses or lesser clubmosses.
This family is distinguished from Lycopodiaceae (the clubmosses) by having scale-leaves bearing a ligule and by having ...
** Order †
Lepidodendrales
Lepidodendrales (from the Greek for "scale tree") were primitive, vascular, heterosporous, arborescent (tree-like) plants related to present day lycopsids. Members of Lepidodendrales are the best understood of the fossil lycopsids due to the vas ...
** Order †
Pleuromeiales
** Order
Isoetales
Isoetales, sometimes also written Isoëtales, is an order of plants in the class Lycopodiopsida.
There are about 140-150 living species, all of which are classified in the genus ''Isoetes'' (quillworts), with a cosmopolitan distribution, but ...
(Quillworts)
Class † Eophyllophytopsida
* Order †
Eophyllophytales
Class † Trimerophytopsida
* Order †
Trimerophytales
Clade
Pteridophyta
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as " cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ferns ...
* Order †
Ibykales
* Class †
Cladoxylopsida
** Order †
Hyeniales
** Order †
Iridopteridales
** Order †
Steloxylales
** Order †
Pseudosporochnales
Pseudosporochnales is an order of the extinct cladoxylopsid
The cladoxylopsids are an extinct group of plants related to ferns and sphenopsids.
They had a central trunk, from the top of which several lateral branches were attached. Fossi ...
** Order †
Cladoxylales
* Class
Polypodiopsida
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes exce ...
(Ferns)
** Order †
Stauropteridales
** Subclass †
Zygopterididae
*** Order †
Rhacophytales
*** Order †
Zygopteridales
** Subclass
Equisetidae
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails. They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-lik ...
*** Order †
Pseudoborniales
''Pseudobornia'' is a genus of plants known only from fossils found from the Upper Devonian. It contains a single species ''Pseudobornia ursina'', and is the earliest fossil assigned with certainty to the Equisetopsida.
The first fossils of '' ...
*** Order †
Sphenophyllales
*** Order
Equisetales
Equisetales is an order of subclass Equisetidae with only one living family, Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, sometimes called the horsetail family, is the only extant family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, ''Equisetum'', which ...
(Horsetails; scouring-rushes)
** Subclass
Ophioglossidae
Ophioglossidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns). This subclass consists of the ferns commonly known as whisk ferns, grape ferns, adder's-tongues and moonworts. It is equivalent to the class Psilotopsida in previous treatm ...
*** Order
Psilotales
Psilotaceae is a family of ferns (class Polypodiopsida) consisting of two genera, '' Psilotum'' and ''Tmesipteris'' with about a dozen species. It is the only family in the order Psilotales.
Description
Once thought to be descendants of early va ...
(Whisk ferns)
*** Order
Ophioglossales
Ophioglossaceae, the adder's-tongue family, is a small family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only family in the order Ophioglossales, which together with the Psilotales is placed in the su ...
(Adder's tongues, moonworts)
** Subclass
Marattiopsida
Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about ...
*** Order
Marattiales
Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about ...
** Subclass
Polypodiidae Polypodiidae may refer to:
* Polypodiidae (cnidarians), a zoological family that only includes ''Polypodium hydriforme'', a cnidarian parasite of fish eggs
*Polypodiidae (plant), a botanical subclass of Equisetopsida sensu lato that includes the le ...
*** Order †
Urnatopteridales
*** Order †
Senftenbergiales
*** Order †
Botryopteridiales
*** Order †
Anachoropteridales
*** Order
Osmundales
Osmundaceae (royal fern family) is a family of ferns containing four to six extant genera and 18–25 known species. It is the only living family of the order Osmundales in the class Polypodiopsida (ferns) or in some classifications the only ord ...
(Royal ferns)
*** Order
Hymenophyllales
The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp pla ...
(Filmy ferns)
*** Order
Gleicheniales
:''This article defines the Gleicheniales in a loose sense. For the restricted definition, see Gleicheniaceae.''
Gleicheniales is an order of ferns in the subclass Polypodiidae (the leptosporangiate ferns). The Gleicheniales have records potenti ...
*** Order
Schizaeales
Schizaeales is an order of ferns (class Polypodiopsida).
Description
While the three clades of Schizaeales are all well-distinguished from one another by numerous morphological characters, members of the order all have dimorphic fertile and s ...
*** Order
Salviniales
The order Salviniales (formerly known as the Hydropteridales and including the former Marsileales) is an order of ferns in the class Polypodiopsida.
Description
Salviniales are all aquatic and differ from all other ferns in being heterosporous, ...
*** Order
Cyatheales
*** Order
Polypodiales
The order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas.
Description
Polypodiale ...
(Cathetogyrates)
Class † Noeggerathiopsida
* Order †
Discinitiales
* Order †
Noeggerathiales
Noeggerathiales is a now- extinct order of vascular plants. The fossil range of the order extends from the Upper Carboniferous to the upper Permian (Lopingian). Due to gaps in the fossil record, the group is incompletely known and poorly defined, ...
* Order †
Tingiales
Class † Aneurophytopsida
* Order †
Scougonophytales
* Order †
Aneurophytales
Class † Archaeopteridopsida
* Order †
Cecropsidales
* Order †
Archaeopteridales
Incertae sedis
* Order †
Protopityales
* Order †
Stenokoleales
Clade
Spermatophyta
A spermatophyte (; ), also known as phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds, hence the alternative name seed plant. Spermatophytes are a subset of the embryophytes or land plants. They inc ...
* Order †
Calamopityales
* Order †
Callistophytales
* Order †
Erdtmanithecales
* Order †
Hlatimbiales
* Order †
Umkomasiales
* Class †
Arberiopsida
** Order †
Aberiales
** Order †
Dicranophyllales
* Class †
Moresnetiopsida
** Order †
Moresnetiales
** Order †
Pullarithecales
** Order †
Tetrastichiales
* Class †
Lyginopteridopsida
** Order †
Hexapterospermales
** Order †
Lyginopteridales
The Lyginopteridales were the archetypal pteridosperms: They were the first plant fossils to be described as pteridosperms and, thus, the group on which the concept of pteridosperms was first developed;Oliver, F. W. & Scott, D. H. (1904). "On t ...
* Class †
Pachytestopsida
** Order †
Codonospermales
** Order †
Pachytestales
* Class †
Peltaspermopsida
** Order †
Peltaspermales
The Peltaspermales are an extinct order of plants belonging to Pteridospermatophyta, or seed ferns. It is unclear whether they form a natural group of organisms as they are poorly known. They span from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Jurassi ...
** Order †
Sporophyllitales
** Order †
Trichopityales
* Class †
Phasmatocycadopsida
** Order †
Gigantopteridales
** Order †
Phasmatocycadales
* Class †
Pentoxylopsida
** Order †
Pentoxylales
Pentoxylales is an extinct order of seed plants known from the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of East Gondwana.
Discovery
The first specimens belonging to Pentoxylales were reported by Birbal Sahni in 1948 from Jurassic-Cretaceous strata of t ...
* Class †
Dictyopteridiopsida
** Order †
Dictyopteridiales
** Order †
Lidgettoniales
** Order †
Rigbyales
* Class †
Cycadeoideopsida
** Order †
Fredlindiales
** Order †
Cycadeoideales
* Class †
Caytoniopsida
** Order †
Caytoniales
* Class †
Axelrodiopsida
** Order †
Axelrodiales
* Class
Pinopsida
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class, Pinopsida. All extan ...
** †Subclass
Pityidae
*** †Order
Pityales
** Subclass
Cycadidae
*** Order ?†
Noeggerathiopsidales
*** Order †
Podozamitales
*** Order
Cycadales
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or ...
(Cycads)
** Subclass
Ginkgoidae
*** Order †
Hamshawviales
*** Order †
Vladimariales
*** Order †
Matatiellales
*** Order †
Petriellales
*** Order †
Czekanowskiales
*** Order
Ginkgoales
** Subclass
Pinidae
*** Order †
Cordaitales
Cordaitales are an extinct order of gymnosperms, known from the early Carboniferous to the late Permian. Many Cordaitales had elongated strap-like leaves, resembling some modern-day conifers of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae. They had cone ...
*** Order †
Dordrechtitales
*** Order †
Vojnovskyales
*** Order †
Buriadiales
*** Order †
Ferugliocladales
*** Order †
Ullmanniales
*** Order †
Walchiales
*** Order †
Voltziales
Voltziales is an extinct order of conifers. The group contains the ancestral lineages from which all modern conifer groups emerged. The earliest Voltzialean conifers appear in the Late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian). Modern conifer lineages em ...
*** Order †
Bernettiales
*** Order †
Eoanthales
*** Order †
Fraxinopsiales
*** Order
Gnetales
Gnetophyta () is a division of plants (alternatively considered the subclass Gnetidae or order Gnetales), grouped within the gymnosperms (which also includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgos), that consists of some 70 species across the three reli ...
(incl.
Ephedrales &
Welwitschiales)
*** Order
Pinales
The order Pinales in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, comprises all the extant conifers. The distinguishing characteristic is the reproductive structure known as a cone produced by all Pinales. All of the extant conifers, such as cedar, ...
(Pines and allies)
*** Order
Araucariales
*** Order
Cupressales
Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress family, with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecio ...
(Cypresses and allies)
* Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its circumscription can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classif ...
** Subclass †Archaemagnoliidae
*** Order †
Archaefructales
** Superorder Amborellanae
*** Order
Amborellales
''Amborella'' is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Ambor ...
** Subclass Nymphaeidae
*** Order
Nymphaeales
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging ...
** Subclass Illiciidae
*** Order
Austrobaileyales
Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants consisting of about 100 species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. The best-known species is ''Illicium verum'', commonly known as star anise. The order belongs to the group of ...
** Subclass Chloranthidae
*** Order
Chloranthales
Chloranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (angiosperms), the only family in the order Chloranthales. It is not closely related to any other family of flowering plants, and is among the early-diverging lineages in the angiosperms. They are ...
** Subclass
Magnoliidae
*** Order
Canellales
Canellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is recognized by the most recent classification of flowering plants, the APG IV system. It is defined to contain two families: Canel ...
*** Order
Piperales
Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order inclu ...
*** Order
Laurales
The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales.
The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical an ...
*** Order
Magnoliales
The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants.
Classification
The Magnoliales include six families:
* Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas; mostly tropical but some temperate)
* Degeneriaceae (two ...
** Subclass
Liliidae
Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae.
Liliidae in T ...
*** Superorder Acoranae
**** Order
Acorales
''Acorus'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent classifications place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus of the old ...
*** Superorder Alismatanae
**** Order
Alismatales
The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly Tropical vegetation, tropical or Aquatic plant, aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats.
...
*** Superorder Petrosavianae
**** Order
Petrosaviales
Petrosaviaceae is a family of flowering plants belonging to a monotypic order, Petrosaviales. Petrosaviales are monocots, and are grouped within the lilioid monocots. Petrosaviales are a very small order (one family, two genera and four species ...
*** Superorder Pandananae
**** Order
Dioscoreales
The Dioscoreales are an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in modern classification systems, such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. Within the monocots Dioscoreales are grouped in the lilioid monocots w ...
**** Order
Pandanales
*** Superorder Lilianae
**** Order
Liliales
*** Superorder Orchidanae
**** Order
Asparagales
Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The order takes its name from the type family Asparagaceae and is placed in t ...
*** Superorder
Commelinids
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) (plural, not capitalised) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid.
The commelinids are the only clade that the APG I ...
***** Order
Arecales
Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes.
Taxonomy
The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogo ...
***** Order
Commelinales
Commelinales is an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of sp ...
***** Order
Zingiberales
The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologi ...
***** Order
Poales
The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales.
Descriptio ...
** Subclass Ceratophyllidae
*** Order
Ceratophyllales
Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species ...
** Clade
Eudicots
The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons.
Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots ...
*** Order ?†
Sarbaicarpales
*** Subclass Ranunculidae
**** Order
Ranunculales
Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group kno ...
*** Subclass Nelumbonidae
**** Order
Proteales
*** Subclass Trochodendridae
**** Order
Trochodendrales
Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living speci ...
*** Superorder Buxanae
**** Order
Buxales
The Buxales are a small order of eudicot flowering plants, recognized by the APG IV system of 2016. The order includes the family Buxaceae; the families Didymelaceae and Haptanthaceae may also be recognized or may be included in the Buxaceae. ...
*** Superorder Myrothamnanae
**** Order
Gunnerales
The Gunnerales are an order of flowering plants. In the APG III system (2009) and APG IV system (2016) it contains two genera: '' Gunnera'' (in family Gunneraceae) and ''Myrothamnus'' (in family Myrothamnaceae). In the Cronquist system (1981), ...
*** Clade Pentapetalae
**** Subclass Dilleniidae
***** Order
Dilleniales
The Dilleniales are an order of flowering plants, potentially containing one family, Dilleniaceae. The APG III system of 2009, like the earlier APG II system of 2003, left the Dilleniaceae unplaced as to order, while noting that the name Dillenia ...
**** Subclass
Asteridae
''Asteridae'' is an obsolete botanical name at the rank of subclass. Composition of the subclass has also varied; however, by definition it always includes the family Asteraceae (Compositae). In the modern APG IV system of classification, asterid ...
***** Superorder Berberidopsidanae
****** Order
Berberidopsidales
Berberidopsidales is an order of Southern Hemisphere woody flowering plants. The name is newly accepted in the APG III system of plant taxonomy. APG II system, of 2003, mentions the possibility of recognizing the order, as comprising the familie ...
***** Superorder Santalanae
****** Order
Santalales
The Santalales are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its type genus ''Santalum'' (sandalwood). Mistletoe is the common name for a ...
***** Superorder Caryophyllanae
****** Order
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalai ...
***** Superorder Cornanae
****** Order
Cornales
The Cornales are an order of flowering plants, early diverging among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within the Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior to half-inferior gynoecia topped with ...
***** Superorder Ericanae
****** Order
Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, and azalea. The order includes trees, bushes, lia ...
***** Superorder
Asteranae
Asterales () is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of florets, and ten families related to the Asteraceae. While asterids in general are chara ...
****** Order
Apiales
The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation and in particular, the Torriceliaceae may also be divide ...
****** Order
Aquifoliales
The Aquifoliales are an order of flowering plants, including the Aquifoliaceae (holly) family, and also the Helwingiaceae (2-5 species of temperate Asian shrubs) and the Phyllonomaceae (4 species of Central American trees and shrubs). In 2001, t ...
****** Order
Asterales
Asterales () is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of florets, and ten families related to the Asteraceae. While asterids in general are charact ...
****** Order
Bruniales
Bruniales is a valid botanic name at the rank of order. Until recently it was not in use, but a 2008 study suggested that Bruniaceae and Columelliaceae are sister clades. The latest revision of the APG system, APG III, places both families as th ...
****** Order
Dipsacales
The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. In the APG III system of 2009, the order includes only two families, Adoxaceae and a broadly defined Caprifoliaceae. Some well-known members of th ...
****** Order
Escalloniales
Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 130 species in seven genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade (campanulids) that are unplaced as to order. More recent research has prov ...
****** Order
Paracryphiales
The Paracryphiaceae are a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, southeast Asia, and New Caledonia. In the APG III system of 2009, the family is placed in its own order, Paracryphiales, in the campanulid clade of the asterids. In ...
***** Superorder
Lamianae
****** Order
Boraginales
Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade. It includes the Boraginaceae and a number of other families, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distri ...
****** Order
Garryales
The Garryales are a small order of dicotyledons, including only two families and three genera.
Description
Garryales are woody plants that are either hairless or have very fine hairs. Members of the family Garryaceae are evergreen, whereas thos ...
****** Order
Gentianales
Gentianales is an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid clade of eudicots. It comprises more than 20,000 species in about 1,200 genera in 5 families. More than 80% of the species in this order belong to the family Rubiaceae.
Man ...
****** Order
Icacinales
****** Order
Lamiales
The order Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 25 families. These families include Acanthaceae, Big ...
****** Order
Metteniusales
****** Order
Solanales
The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order.
Taxonomy
Under the older Cronquist system, the latter three families were placed elsewh ...
****** Order
Vahliales
**** Subclass
Rosidae
Under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being t ...
***** Superorder Saxifraganae
****** Order
Saxifragales
The Saxifragales (saxifrages) are an order of flowering plants (Angiosperms). They are an extremely diverse group of plants which include trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, succulent and aquatic plants. The degree of diversity in terms of vegeta ...
***** Superorder Vitanae
****** Order
Vitales
The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the ...
***** Superorder
Rosanae
Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Fag ...
****** Order
Zygophyllales
The Zygophyllales are an order of dicotyledonous plants, comprising the following two families:
* Family Zygophyllaceae
* Family Krameriaceae
According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG II) both families are unplaced to order, but nevert ...
****** Order
Celastrales
The Celastrales are an order of flowering plants found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. The 1200"Lepidobotryaceae", "Parnassiaceae", and "Celastraceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki ( ...
****** Order
Malpighiales
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsett ...
****** Order
Oxalidales
Oxalidales is an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of eudicots. Compound leaves are common in Oxalidales and the majority of the species in this order have five or six sepals and petals. The following families are typic ...
****** Order
Fabales
The Fabales are an order of flowering plants included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including ...
****** Order
Cucurbitales
The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropical and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, togethe ...
****** Order
Fagales
The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as ...
****** Order
Rosales
Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Faga ...
***** Superorder
Myrtanae
The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014.
The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eu ...
****** Order
Geraniales
Geraniales is a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subclade of eudicots. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes the smaller Francoaceae with about 40 speci ...
****** Order
Myrtales
****** Order
Crossosomatales
The Crossosomatales are an order, first recognized as such by APG II. They are flowering plants included within the Rosid eudicots.
Description
Species assigned to the Crossosomatales have in common flowers that are positioned solitarily, with ...
****** Order
Picramniales
Picramniaceae is a small, mainly neotropical family of four genera '' Aenigmanu'', ''Alvaradoa'', '' Nothotalisia'' and '' Picramnia''. The family is the only member of the order Picramniales. Members of the family were formerly placed in the fam ...
****** Order
Sapindales
Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem.
The APG III system of 2009 includes it i ...
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Huerteales
Huerteales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Huerteales". In: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is one of the 17 orders th ...
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Malvales
The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots.
The plants are mostly shrubs and ...
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Brassicales
The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compo ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Plant orders
Taxonomic lists (orders)
Biology-related lists
Gardening lists
Botanical nomenclature
Orders