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Petrosaviales
Petrosaviaceae is a family of flowering plants belonging to a monotypic order, Petrosaviales. Petrosaviales are monocots, and are grouped within the lilioid monocots. Petrosaviales are a very small order (one family, two genera and four species were accepted in 2016) of photosynthetic ('' Japonolirion'') and rare leafless achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic plants ('' Petrosavia'') found in dark montane rainforests in Japan, China, Southeast Asia and Borneo. They are characterised by having bracteate racemes, pedicellate flowers, six persistent tepals, septal nectaries, three almost distinct carpels, simultaneous microsporogenesis, monosulcate pollen, and follicular fruit. Taxonomy The family has only been recognized in modern classifications, previously the plants involved were usually treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae. The APG II system recognized the family and assigned it to the clade monocots, unplaced as to order. The APG III system of 2009 and the APG IV syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lilioid Monocots
Lilioid monocots (lilioids, liliid monocots, petaloid monocots, petaloid lilioid monocots) is an informal name used for a grade (grouping of taxa with common characteristics) of five monocot orders (Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales and Asparagales) in which the majority of species have flowers with relatively large, coloured tepals. This characteristic is similar to that found in lilies ("lily-like"). Petaloid monocots refers to the flowers having tepals which all resemble petals (petaloid). The taxonomic terms Lilianae or Liliiflorae have also been applied to this assemblage at various times. From the early nineteenth century many of the species in this group of plants were put into a very broadly defined family, Liliaceae ''sensu lato'' or ''s.l.'' (lily family). These classification systems are still found in many books and other sources. Within the monocots the Liliaceae ''s.l.'' were distinguished from the Glumaceae. The development of molecular phyloge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG III System
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system. Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society: * The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants (embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders. * The second, by Haston ''et al.'', was a linear sequence of families followi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monocot Families
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divided; the rest of the flowering plants have two cotyledons and are classified as dicotyledons, or dicots. Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank. The monocotyledons include about 60,000 species, about a quarter of all angiosperms. The largest family in this group (and in the flowering plants as a whole) by number of species are the orchids (family Orchidaceae), with more than 20,000 species. About half as many species belong to the true grasses ( Poaceae), which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG IV System
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998. In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately; the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one. Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families. In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monocots
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divided; the rest of the flowering plants have two cotyledons and are classified as dicotyledons, or dicots. Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank. The monocotyledons include about 60,000 species, about a quarter of all angiosperms. The largest family in this group (and in the flowering plants as a whole) by number of species are the orchids (family Orchidaceae), with more than 20,000 species. About half as many species belong to the true grasses (Poaceae), which are ec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrosavia Sakuraii
''Petrosavia sakuraii'', one of three species in the genus '' Petrosavia'', is a monocotyledonous plant first described by Tomitaro Makino in 1903 (see illustration), distributed in eastern and south-eastern Asia. They are rare leafless achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic plants found in dark montane rainforests. Distribution Japan (Mino Province), China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan), Vietnam, Myanmar, Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i .... References Bibliography * Flora of Asia Petrosaviales Plants described in 1903 {{Monocot-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrosavia
''Petrosavia'' is a genus in the family Petrosaviaceae. It includes three species from eastern and southeastern Asia. # ''Petrosavia sakuraii'' (Makino) J.J.Sm. ex Steenis (syn ''P. miyoshia-sakuraii'') - Japan (Mino Province), China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan), Vietnam, Myanmar, Sumatra # ''Petrosavia sinii'' (K.Krause) Gagnep. in H.Lecomte - Guangxi Province of China # ''Petrosavia stellaris ''Petrosavia'' is a genus in the family Petrosaviaceae. It includes three species from eastern and southeastern Asia. # ''Petrosavia sakuraii'' (Makino) J.J.Sm. ex Steenis (syn ''P. miyoshia-sakuraii'') - Japan (Mino Province), China (Guangxi, ...'' Becc. - Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia References Petrosaviales Monocot genera Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari {{Monocot-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japonolirion
''Japonolirion'' is a genus of plants in the family Petrosaviaceae. There is only one known species, ''Japonolirion osense'', endemic to Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north .... It is found in grasslands, wetlands and alpine meadows. Description ''Japonolirion osense'' is a herbaceous, perennial plant with subterranean creeping rootstocks. Its green, linear leaves a set in a rosette, and are long and wide, with 7-9 veins, and rough margins. The leaf base encloses the younger leaves. The flowers are facing upwards and are set with 20–40 in a raceme of long, on an inflorescence stalk of long that carries membranous bracts. The flower stalks emerge from shoots that carried leaves during the previous year, so it stands separately from the current leaf rosette. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrosavia Stellaris
''Petrosavia'' is a genus in the family Petrosaviaceae. It includes three species from eastern and southeastern Asia. # ''Petrosavia sakuraii'' (Makino) J.J.Sm. ex Steenis (syn ''P. miyoshia-sakuraii'') - Japan (Mino Province), China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan), Vietnam, Myanmar, Sumatra # ''Petrosavia sinii'' (K.Krause) Gagnep. in H.Lecomte - Guangxi Province of China # ''Petrosavia stellaris ''Petrosavia'' is a genus in the family Petrosaviaceae. It includes three species from eastern and southeastern Asia. # ''Petrosavia sakuraii'' (Makino) J.J.Sm. ex Steenis (syn ''P. miyoshia-sakuraii'') - Japan (Mino Province), China (Guangxi, ...'' Becc. - Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia References Petrosaviales Monocot genera Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari {{Monocot-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Follicle (fruit)
In botany, a follicle is a dry unilocular fruit formed from one carpel, containing two or more seeds. It is usually defined as dehiscing by a suture in order to release seeds, for example in ''Consolida'' (some of the larkspurs), peony and milkweed (''Asclepias''). Some difficult cases exist however, so that the term indehiscent follicle is sometimes used, for example with the genus ''Filipendula'', which has indehiscent fruits that could be considered intermediate between a (dehiscent) follicle and an (indehiscent) achene. An aggregate fruit that consists of follicles may be called a follicetum. Examples include hellebore, aconite, ''Delphinium'', ''Aquilegia'' or the family Crassulaceae, where several follicles occur in a whorl on a shortened receptacle, or ''Magnolia'', which has many follicles arranged in a spiral on an elongated receptacle. The follicles of some species dehisce by the ventral suture (as in ''Banksia''), or by the dorsal suture (as in ''Magnolia'').Kapil, R. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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