The following list sets out to show all the railway companies set up by

Acts of Parliament Acts of Parliament, sometimes referred to as primary legislation, are texts of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction (often a parliament or council). In most countries with a parliamentary system of government, acts of parliament ...

in the 19th century before 1860. Most of them became constituent parts of the emerging main-line railway companies, often immediately after being built. Some continued as independent companies until the

1923 Grouping The Railways Act 1921 (c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an Act of Parliament enacted by the British government and intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, by "grouping" them into four la ...

; a few retained that independence until 1947.Casserley (1968) They have been listed under Scottish; and

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

and

Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...

early railways; and under the later main line company which absorbed them. Each of the main line companies after the Grouping has an article listing all companies who became part of, and jointly part of, individual companies. Many of those had been in separate existence since being set up in the 19th century, and were only in 1923 losing that individuality. The list is by no means complete: in 1846 alone there were 272 railways agreed by

Act of Parliament Acts of Parliament, sometimes referred to as primary legislation, are texts of law passed by the Legislature, legislative body of a jurisdiction (often a parliament or council). In most countries with a parliamentary system of government, acts of ...

, although not all of those were built, since it was the time of the

Railway Mania Railway Mania was an instance of a stock market bubble in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the 1840s. It followed a common pattern: as the price of railway shares increased, speculators invested more money, which further incre ...

. In addition lines might be extensions to existing ones, but floated as a separate company to separate the risk, and to ring-fence subscriptions, or promoted by a company which was mostly financed by an existing company. An example is the Dore and Chinley Railway which was floated as a company and then adopted and largely financed by the Midland.

Scottish early railways

Caledonian Railway (incorporated 1845)

Caledonian Railway The Caledonian Railway (CR) was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh an ...

became part of the

London, Midland and Scottish Railway The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSIt has been argued that the initials LMSR should be used to be consistent with LNER, GWR and SR. The London, Midland and Scottish Railway's corporate image used LMS, and this is what is generally u ...

on 1 July 1923 under the

Railways Act 1921 The Railways Act 1921 (c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an Act of Parliament enacted by the British government and intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies, by "grouping" them into four la ...

. **

Aberdeen Railway The Aberdeen Railway was a Scottish railway company which built a line from Aberdeen to Forfar and Arbroath, partly by leasing and upgrading an existing railway. The line opened in stages between 1847 and 1850, with branches to Brechin and ...

opened in stages between 1848 and 1853 **

Brechin and Edzell District Railway The Brechin and Edzell District Railway was a local line in Scotland connecting Edzell, then a developing tourist centre, to the nearby main population centre of Brechin, where there was a branch of the Caledonian Railway. The short line opened i ...

Cathcart District Railway The Cathcart District Railway was proposed to serve the arising demand for suburban residential travel on the south side of Glasgow, Scotland. It was planned as a loop running to and from Glasgow Central station, but at first only the eastern arm, ...

** Crieff and Comrie Railway authorised 1890 **

Crieff and Methven Junction Railway The Crieff and Methven Junction Railway was a Scottish railway, opened in 1866, connecting Crieff with a branch line that ran from Methven to Perth. As a purely local concern, the line was dependent on local traffic, and when that declined i ...

opened 1867 **

Crieff Junction Railway The Crieff Junction Railway was opened in 1856 to link the town of Crieff to the main line railway network in Scotland, at a junction at the present day station (then called Crieff Junction). In the second half of the twentieth century railway ...

opened 1856 ** Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway incorporated in 1846 **

Dundee and Newtyle Railway The Dundee and Newtyle Railway opened in 1831 and was the first railway in the north of Scotland. It was built to carry goods between Dundee and the fertile area known as Strathmore; this involved crossing the Sidlaw Hills, and was accomplish ...

opened 1841 (incorporated in Scottish Central Railway) **

Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway The Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway was the section of railway line between Glasgow Bridge Street railway station and Paisley, in the west of Scotland. It was constructed and operated jointly by two competing railway companies as the stem of ...

opened 12 August 1840. **

Glasgow Central Railway The Glasgow Central Railway was a railway line built in Glasgow, Scotland by the Caledonian Railway, running in tunnel east to west through the city centre. It was opened in stages from 1894 and opened up new journey opportunities for passengers ...

; opened 26 November 1894 **

Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway was an early railway built primarily to carry coal to Glasgow and other markets from the Monkland coalfields, shortening the journey and bypassing the monopolistic charges of the Monkland Canal; passenger traffi ...

opened 1831 as the

Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway was an early railway built primarily to carry coal to Glasgow and other markets from the Monkland coalfields, shortening the journey and bypassing the monopolistic charges of the Monkland Canal; passenger traffic ...

Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway The Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway (GP&GR) was an early Scottish railway, opened in 1841, providing train services between Greenock and Glasgow. At the time the River Clyde was not accessible to sea-going ships, and the intention was to c ...

opened 29 March 1840; merged with the

1847 **

Hamilton and Strathaven Railway The Hamilton and Strathaven Railway was a historic railway in Scotland. It ran from a junction with the Hamilton Branch of the Caledonian Railway to a terminus at Strathaven. The railway was worked from the start by the Caledonian Railway, who a ...

opened 6 August 1860; taken over by the

1864 **

Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway The Lanarkshire and Dumbartonshire Railway was a railway company in Scotland. It was promoted independently but supported by the Caledonian Railway, and it was designed to connect Balloch (on Loch Lomond) and Dumbarton with central Glasgow, l ...

authorised in 1891 ** Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Comrie Railway opened Comrie to St Fillans 1 October 1901; opened to Balqhidder 1 May 1905 **

Perth, Almond Valley & Methven Railway The Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway was a Scottish railway line that connected Methven with Perth. It opened in 1858. A line onwards to Crieff was built from a junction on the line south of Methven; that line opened in 1866. The Met ...

opened 1858 **

Scottish Central Railway The Scottish Central Railway was formed in 1845 to link Perth and Stirling to Central Scotland, by building a railway line to join the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway near Castlecary. The line opened in 1848 including a branch to South Alloa. The ...

(to

Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...

and

Dundee Dundee (; sco, Dundee; gd, Dùn Dè or ) is Scotland's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom. The mid-year population estimate for 2016 was , giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km2 or ...

), formed in 1845 **

Scottish North Eastern Railway The Scottish North Eastern Railway was a railway company in Scotland operating a main line from Perth to Aberdeen, with branches to Kirriemuir, Brechin and Montrose. It was created when the Aberdeen Railway amalgamated with the Scottish Midland ...

(to

Aberdeen Aberdeen (; sco, Aiberdeen ; gd, Obar Dheathain ; la, Aberdonia) is a city in North East Scotland, and is the third most populous city in the country. Aberdeen is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas (as Aberdeen City), and ...

) **

Wishaw and Coltness Railway The Wishaw and Coltness Railway was an early Scottish mineral railway. It ran for approximately 11 miles from Chapel Colliery, at Newmains in North Lanarkshire connecting to the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway near Whifflet, giving a means of ...

Independent Lines operated by the Caledonian Railway :*

Callander and Oban Railway The Callander and Oban Railway company was established with the intention of linking the sea port of Oban to the railway network. This involved a long line from Callander through wild and thinly populated terrain, and shortage of money meant that ...

opened 1 July 1880 :*

Killin Railway The Killin Railway was a locally promoted railway line built to connect the town of Killin to the Callander and Oban Railway main line nearby. It opened in 1886, and carried tourist traffic for steamers on Loch Tay as well as local business. Th ...

, opened 13 March 1886 :*

Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway The Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway (L&AR) was an independent railway company built to provide the Caledonian Railway with a shorter route for mineral traffic from the coalfields of Lanarkshire to Ardrossan Harbour, in Scotland. It opened in st ...

opened 1888

Glasgow and South Western Railway (title assumed 1850)

Glasgow and South Western Railway The Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR) was a railway company in Scotland. It served a triangular area of south-west Scotland between Glasgow, Stranraer and Carlisle. It was formed on 28 October 1850 by the merger of two earlier railway ...

became part of the

on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. **

Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway The Ardrossan Railway was a railway company in Scotland, whose line was built in the mid-19th century. It primarily ran services between Kilwinning and Ardrossan, as well as freight services to and from collieries between Kilwinning and Perceton ...

opened 6 November 1831; became the dual-tracked Ardrossan Railway on 23 July 1840 **

Bridge of Weir Railway The Bridge of Weir Railway was an independent railway company that built a line from Johnstone to Bridge of Weir. It was taken over by the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR) in 1865 and formed the base of a line that extended to Greenock ...

opened 1864 **

opened 12 August 1840. **

Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway (GPK&AR) was a railway in Scotland that provided train services between Glasgow, Kilmarnock and Ayr. It opened its first line, between Glasgow and Ayr, in stages from 1839 to 1840. The section b ...

opened 12 August 1840 **

Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway The Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway was a railway jointly owned by the Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow and South Western Railway, completed in 1873, and giving the latter a shorter access to its Carlisle main line. A branch t ...

opened 29 September 1848 **

Greenock and Ayrshire Railway The Greenock and Ayrshire Railway ran from Greenock, Scotland to Bridge of Weir, connecting there to the Glasgow and South Western Railway and making a through connection between Glasgow and Greenock. It closed progressively between 1959 and 19 ...

opened 23 December 1869 **

Kilmarnock and Troon Railway The Kilmarnock and Troon Railway was an early railway line in Ayrshire, Scotland. It was constructed to bring coal from pits around Kilmarnock to coastal shipping at Troon Harbour, and passengers were carried. It opened in 1812, and was the f ...

: First railway in Scotland authorised by

, opened 6 July 1812; originally worked by horses, converted to steam operation in 1817 ** Maidens and Dunure Railway opened 17 May 1906 **

Paisley and Renfrew Railway The Paisley and Renfrew railway was an early Scottish railway company that constructed and operated a line between Paisley and the River Clyde at Renfrew Wharf, enabling journeys between Glasgow and Paisley by connecting river boat. The railwa ...

opened 21 July 1835;

Scotch gauge Scotch most commonly refers to: * Scotch (adjective), a largely obsolescent adjective meaning "of or from Scotland" **Scotch, old-fashioned name for the indigenous languages of the Scottish people: ***Scots language ("Broad Scotch") *** Scottish G ...

railway originally locomotive hauled, then down graded to horse operation. Reopened as dual track, standard gauge, line 1 May 1866.

Great North of Scotland Railway (incorporated 1845)

Great North of Scotland Railway The Great North of Scotland Railway (GNSR) was one of the two smallest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping, operating in the north-east of the country. Formed in 1845, it carried its first passengers the fr ...

became part of the

London and North Eastern Railway The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second largest (after LMS) of the " Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. It operated from 1 January 1923 until nationalisation on 1 January 1948. At th ...

on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. ** Aberdeen and Turriff Railway ** Alford Valley Railway built 1859 ** Banffshire Railway **

Banff, Macduff and Turriff Extension Railway The Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway was a railway company that connected the Aberdeenshire town of Turriff with the main line of the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) at Inveramsay. It had earlier been intended to reach Macdu ...

Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Railway The Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Railway was a Scottish railway company that connected the Aberdeenshire ports of Banff and Portsoy with the main line of the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) main line at Grange, a place some distance ...

Deeside Railway The Deeside Railway was a passenger and goods railway between Aberdeen and Ballater in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Opening in 1853 to Banchory, an extension reached Aboyne in 1859. A separate company, the Aboyne & Braemar Railway, built an extens ...

** Deeside Extension Railway **

Formartine and Buchan Railway The Formartine and Buchan Railway was a railway company operating in the north-east of Scotland. It was built to link the important fishing ports of Fraserburgh and Peterhead with Aberdeen. It had a junction with the main line of the Great Nort ...

** Inverury and Old Meldrum Junction Railway **

Keith and Dufftown Railway The Keith and Dufftown Railway ("The Whisky Line") is a heritage railway in Scotland, running for from , Keith (Ordnance Survey grid reference ) to () via () and Auchindachy. Originally the former Great North of Scotland Railway's Kei ...

Morayshire Railway The Morayshire Railway was the first railway to be built north of Aberdeen, Scotland. It received royal assent in 1846 but construction was delayed until 1851 because of the adverse economic conditions existing in the United Kingdom. The railwa ...

opened 10 August 1852 ** Strathspey Railway

Highland Railway (title assumed 1865)

Highland Railway The Highland Railway (HR) was one of the smaller United Kingdom, British railways before the Railways Act 1921, operating north of Perth railway station, Scotland, Perth railway station in Scotland and serving the farthest north of Britain. Base ...

became part of the

on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. **

Dingwall and Skye Railway The Dingwall and Skye Railway was authorised on 5 July 1865 with the aim of providing a route to Skye and the Hebrides. However, due to local objections, another Act of Parliament was required before work could commence. This was passed on 29 May ...

opened 19 August 1870 ** Duke of Sutherland's Railway opened 19 June 1871 ** Findhorn Railway opened 18 April 1859 **

Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway The Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway (I&AJR) was a railway company in Scotland, created to connect other railways and complete the route between Inverness and Aberdeen. The Inverness and Nairn Railway had opened to the public on 7 Novembe ...

opened 18 August 1858 **

Inverness and Nairn Railway The Inverness and Nairn Railway was a railway company that operated between the burghs in the company name. It opened its line in 1855 and its passenger business was instantly successful. At first it was not connected to any other line. However ...

(INR) opened 5 November 1855 **

Inverness and Perth Junction Railway The Inverness and Perth Junction Railway (I&PJR) was a railway company that built a line providing a more direct route between Inverness and the south for passengers and goods. Up to the time of its opening, the only route was a circuitous way th ...

opened 9 September 1863 **

Inverness and Ross-shire Railway The Inverness and Ross-shire Railway was a Scottish railway company formed in 1860 to build a line from Inverness to Invergordon. It opened in 1862 as far as Dingwall and in 1863 to Invergordon. It was extended to a Bonar Bridge station in 186 ...

opened 23 March 1863 ** Nairn and Keith Railway opened 1858 amalgamated with INR 1861 **

Perth and Dunkeld Railway The Perth and Dunkeld Railway was a Scottish railway company. It was built from a junction with the Scottish Midland Junction Railway at Stanley, north of Perth, to a terminus at Birnam, on the south bank of the River Tay opposite Dunkeld. It ...

opened 7 April 1856 **

Sutherland Railway The Sutherland Railway was a railway company authorised in 1865 to build a line from Bonar Bridge station to Brora, a distance of nearly 33 miles, in the north of Scotland. This was to be continuation of a route from Inverness to Bonar Bridge tha ...

opened 13 April 1868 **

Sutherland and Caithness Railway The Sutherland and Caithness Railway was a Scottish railway company that built a line from Helmsdale, the terminus of the Duke of Sutherland's Railway to Wick and Thurso in Caithness, giving the northern towns access to Inverness. It was driven ...

opened 28 July 1874 **

Wick and Lybster Railway The Wick and Lybster Light Railway was a light railway opened in 1903, with the intention of opening up the fishing port of Lybster, in Caithness, Scotland, to the railway network at Wick. Its construction was heavily supported financially by l ...

North British Railway (incorporated 1844)

North British Railway The North British Railway was a British railway company, based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was established in 1844, with the intention of linking with English railways at Berwick. The line opened in 1846, and from the outset the company followe ...

became part of the

on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. **

Ballochney Railway The Ballochney Railway was an early railway built near Airdrie, Lanarkshire, now in Monklands, Scotland. It was intended primarily to carry minerals from coal and ironstone pits, and stone quarries, in the area immediately north and east of Aird ...

opened 8 August 1828 **

Dundee and Arbroath Railway The Dundee and Arbroath Railway was an early railway in Scotland. It opened in 1838, and used the unusual track gauge of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm). In 1848 it changed to standard gauge and connected to the emerging Scottish railway network ...

Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway The Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway was an early railway built to convey coal from pits in the vicinity of Dalkeith into the capital. It was a horse-operated line, with a terminus at St Leonards on the south side of Arthur's Seat. Opened in sta ...

opened 1831 **

Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway was authorised by Act of Parliament on 4 July 1838. It was opened to passenger traffic on 21 February 1842, between its Glasgow Queen Street railway station (sometimes referred to at first as Dundas Street) and ...

opened 28 July 1863 ** Edinburgh Suburban and Southside Junction Railway **

Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway The Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway was a railway company that opened in 1882, giving a rail connection to shipyards and other industry that developed in what became Clydebank. At first it was a purely local line, connecting only at Stobcros ...

authorised in 1878 **

Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway The Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway was a branch-line railway built in Scotland, connecting the named places with the main line at Spean Bridge. It opened in 1903. Serving exceptionally sparsely inhabited areas it was never commercially su ...

opened 1901 **

Kincardine Line The Kincardine Line is a railway in Clackmannanshire and Fife, Scotland. It was originally built to serve settlements along the north shore of the Firth of Forth, between Alloa and Dunfermline. It was opened in two stages by the North British ...

open to Kincardine in 1893, and on to Dunfermline in 1906 **

Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway was an early mineral railway running from a colliery at Monklands to the Forth and Clyde Canal at Kirkintilloch, Scotland. It was the first railway to use a rail ferry, the first public railway in Scotl ...

first public steam railway in

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

opened 1826 **

Newburgh and North Fife Railway The Newburgh and North Fife Railway was a Scottish railway company formed to build a connecting line between St Fort and Newburgh, in Fife, intended to open up residential traffic between the intermediate communities and Dundee and Perth. It ope ...

Slamannan Railway The Slamannan Railway was an early mineral railway between the north-eastern margin of Airdrie and Causewayend on the Union Canal, near Linlithgow, Scotland. The Slamannan Railway was built to give access for minerals from pits in the Slamanna ...

opened 31 August 1840 **

Stirling and Dunfermline Railway The Stirling and Dunfermline Railway was a railway in Scotland connecting Stirling and Dunfermline. It was planned by the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway to get access to the mineral deposits on the line of route, but also as a tactical measure t ...

opened progressively between 1850 and 1853 **

West Highland Railway The West Highland Railway was a railway company that constructed a railway line from Craigendoran (on the River Clyde west of Glasgow, Scotland) to Fort William and Mallaig. The line was built through remote and difficult terrain in two stages ...

opened 7 August 1894 with an extension to Mallaig opened 1901.

English and Welsh early railways

This list of lines in England and Wales is ordered roughly by region, with the exception of the GWR which was a very large company even pre-1900.

East

Great Eastern Railway The Great Eastern Railway (GER) was a pre-grouping British railway company, whose main line linked London Liverpool Street to Norwich and which had other lines through East Anglia. The company was grouped into the London and North Eastern R ...

Eastern Counties Railway The Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) was an English Rail transport, railway company incorporated in 1836 intended to link London with Ipswich via Colchester, and then extend to Norwich and Great Yarmouth, Yarmouth. Construction began in 1837 on t ...

(ECR) opened 20 June 1839; original 5 ft gauge converted to standard in 1845, absorbed into GER Aug 1862 ***

Eastern Union Railway The Eastern Union Railway (EUR) was an English railway company, at first built from Colchester to Ipswich; it opened in 1846. It was proposed when the earlier Eastern Counties Railway failed to make its promised line from Colchester to Norwich. T ...

, incorporated 1844, opened 1846, absorbed 1847. ****

Eastern Union and Hadleigh Junction Railway The Hadleigh Railway was a long single track branch railway line in Suffolk, England, that connected Hadleigh to the main line railway network at Bentley Junction. It was built by the nominally independent Eastern Union and Hadleigh Junction Ra ...

**** Ipswich and Bury St Edmunds Railway *** Colchester, Stour Valley, Sudbury and Halstead Railway, incorporated 1846, opened 1848 *** East Anglia Railway. absorbed into Eastern Counties Railway, Jan 1852 ***

Saffron Walden Railway The Saffron Walden Railway was a branch of the Great Eastern Railway between Audley End and Bartlow on the Stour Valley Railway between Shelford to Haverhill, a distance of . Branch information Opening The line was opened between Audley End and ...

incorporated 1861, sponsored by ECR. **

Northern and Eastern Railway The Northern & Eastern Railway (N&ER) was an early British railway company, that planned to build a line from London to York. Its ambition was cut successively back, and it was only constructed from Stratford, east of London, to the towns of Bi ...

incorporated 1836 gauge conversion as with ECR **

London and Blackwall Railway Originally called the Commercial Railway, the London and Blackwall Railway (L&BR) in east London, England, ran from Minories to Blackwall, London, Blackwall via Stepney, with a branch line to the Isle of Dogs, connecting central London to many o ...

, opened 1840, extended to Tilbury with ECR 1854 (authorised 1852 as

London, Tilbury and Southend Railway The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LT&SR), was a British railway company, whose network connected Fenchurch Street railway station, Fenchurch Street station, in central London, with destinations in east London and Essex, including , , , T ...

(LT&SR)), absorbed by GER 1866. Started with non-standard gauge, converted 1849. ** Ely, Haddenham and Sutton Railway (later Ely and St Ives Railway), authorised 1864, opened 1866, leased by ECR since opening, absorbed by GER 1897 **

Norfolk Railway The Norfolk Railway was an early railway company that controlled a network of 94 miles around Norwich, England. It was formed in 1845 by the amalgamation of the Yarmouth and Norwich Railway opened in 1844, and the Norwich and Brandon Railway, n ...

Colne Valley and Halstead Railway The Colne Valley and Halstead Railway (CVHR) is a closed railway between Haverhill, Suffolk and Chappel and Wakes Colne, Essex, in England. History A railway in the Colne Valley was first proposed in 1846 when the Colchester, Stour Valley, ...

, incorporated 1856 ** Harwich Railway ** East Anglian Railways (the plural is correct!) formed by merger in 1847. Bankrupt in 1851, it was operated by arrangement by ECR until the takeover by GER. ***

Lynn and Dereham Railway The Lynn and Dereham Railway was a standard gauge single track railway running between King's Lynn and Dereham in the English county of Norfolk. The Lynn to Dereham line opened in 1846 and closed in 1968, although the section between Middleton ...

*** Lynn and Ely Railway *** Ely and Huntingdon Railway ** East Suffolk Railway (re-incorporation of the "Halesworth, Beccles and Hadiscoe Railway" in 1854), absorbed by ECR 1859 *** Yarmouth and Haddiscoe Railway absorbed 1858 *** Lowestoft and Beccles Railway absorbed 1858 *

Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway The Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (M&GNJR) was a railway network in England, in the area connecting southern Lincolnshire, the Isle of Ely and north Norfolk. It developed from several local independent concerns and was incorporated i ...

incorporated 1893

Great Western Railway

Great Western Railway The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the southwest, west and West Midlands of England and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, received its enabling Act of Parliament on 31 August 1835 and ran ...

incorporated 1835, opened

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

Maidenhead Maidenhead is a market town in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in the county of Berkshire, England, on the southwestern bank of the River Thames. It had an estimated population of 70,374 and forms part of the border with southern Bu ...

Bridge 4 June 1838, completed throughout to

Bristol Bristol () is a city, ceremonial county and unitary authority in England. Situated on the River Avon, it is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Gloucestershire to the north and Somerset to the south. Bristol is the most populous city in ...

30 June 1841 **

Hayle Railway The Hayle Railway was an early railway in West Cornwall, constructed to convey copper and tin ore from the Redruth and Camborne areas to sea ports at Hayle and Portreath. It was opened in 1837, and carried passengers on its main line from 1843. ...

opened 23 December 1837, closed for rebuilding 16 February 1852, reopened by

West Cornwall Railway The West Cornwall Railway was a railway company in Cornwall, Great Britain, formed in 1846 to construct a railway between Penzance and Truro. It purchased the existing Hayle Railway, and improved its main line, and built new sections between Pen ...

** Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway opened

Swindon Swindon () is a town and unitary authority with Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status in Wiltshire, England. As of the 2021 Census, the population of Swindon was 201,669, making it the largest town in the county. The Swindon un ...

Cirencester Cirencester (, ; see below for more variations) is a market town in Gloucestershire, England, west of London. Cirencester lies on the River Churn, a tributary of the River Thames, and is the largest town in the Cotswolds. It is the home of ...

31 May 1841, opened throughout to Cheltenham 13 October 1847 **

Bristol and Exeter Railway The Bristol & Exeter Railway (B&ER) was an English railway company formed to connect Bristol and Exeter. It was built on the broad gauge and its engineer was Isambard Kingdom Brunel. It opened in stages between 1841 and 1844. It was allied with ...

opened to

Bridgwater Bridgwater is a large historic market town and civil parish in Somerset, England. Its population currently stands at around 41,276 as of 2022. Bridgwater is at the edge of the Somerset Levels, in level and well-wooded country. The town lies alon ...

14 June 1841, completed in stages to

Exeter Exeter () is a city in Devon, South West England. It is situated on the River Exe, approximately northeast of Plymouth and southwest of Bristol. In Roman Britain, Exeter was established as the base of Legio II Augusta under the personal comm ...

1 May 1844, amalgamated with GWR 1 January 1876 **

Cornwall Minerals Railway The Cornwall Minerals Railway owned and operated a network of of standard gauge railway lines in central Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It started by taking over an obsolescent horse-operated tramway in 1862, and it improved and extended i ...

opened 1 June 1874 replacing and connecting several earlier railways and tramways. Amalgamated with GWR 1 July 1896 *** Par Tramway, construction started c.1841, completed north of

Pontsmill Ponts Mill is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, UK. It is a mile north of St Blazey St Blazey ( kw, Lanndreth) is a small town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. St Blaise is the civil parish in which St Blazey is situated; the name St Blai ...

1847, extended to

Par Harbour Par Docks is an Imerys-owned harbour in the village of Par, Cornwall, United Kingdom, which was used for the export of china clay from the numerous Imerys sites in the clay-rich region of Mid-Cornwall. History Joseph Treffry (born Joseph A ...

1855 *** Newquay Railway authorised by Act of Parliament 1844, completed 1849 ***

Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway The Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway opened in 1869 as a broad gauge railway linking the port of Fowey in Cornwall with the Cornish Main Line at Lostwithiel. Its main traffic was china clay. The company ran into financial difficulties and closed ...

opened 1 June 1869, closed 1 January 1880, transferred to CMR 27 June 1893 and reopened 1893 ***

Newquay and Cornwall Junction Railway The Newquay and Cornwall Junction Railway was a broad gauge railway intended to link the Cornwall Railway with the horse-worked Newquay Railway. It opened a short section to Nanpean in 1869, the remainder being built by the Cornwall Minerals ...

opened 1 July 1869, transferred to CMR 1 June 1874 **

Liskeard and Caradon Railway The Liskeard and Caradon Railway was a mineral railway in Cornwall, in the United Kingdom, which opened in 1844. It was built to carry the ores of copper and tin, and also granite, from their sources on Caradon Hill down to Moorswater for onwar ...

opened 28 November 1844, vested in GWR 1 July 1909 ** Shrewsbury and Chester Railway opened 4 November 1846, amalgamated with GWR 1 September 1854 ** South Devon Railway opened 30 May 1846, completed in stages to Plymouth 2 April 1849, amalgamated with GWR 1 February 1876 *** Torquay branch opened 18 December 1848 ***

South Devon and Tavistock Railway The South Devon and Tavistock Railway linked Plymouth with Tavistock in Devon; it opened in 1859. It was extended by the Launceston and South Devon Railway to Launceston, in Cornwall in 1865. It was a broad gauge line but from 1876 also carried t ...

opened 22 June 1859 ***

Dartmouth and Torbay Railway The Dartmouth and Torbay Railway was a broad gauge railway linking the South Devon Railway Company, South Devon Railway branch at Torquay with Kingswear in Devon, England. It was operated from the outset by the South Devon Railway. Most of the ...

completed 16 August 1864 ***

Launceston and South Devon Railway Launceston may refer to: Places * Launceston, Cornwall, a town, ancient borough, and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom ** Launceston (UK Parliament constituency), a former parliamentary constituency in Cornwall * Launceston, Tasmani ...

opened 22 June 1865 ***

Moretonhampstead and South Devon Railway The Moretonhampstead and South Devon Railway was a broad gauge railway which linked the South Devon Railway at Newton Abbot railway station with (in the town of Bovey Tracey), and , Devon, England. History In 1861 the Moretonhampstead an ...

opened 4 July 1866 ***

Buckfastleigh, Totnes and South Devon Railway The Buckfastleigh, Totnes and South Devon Railway built the broad gauge railway line from Totnes to Buckfastleigh and Ashburton in Devon, England. History In the first decades of the nineteenth century, Buckfastleigh and Ashburton were importan ...

opened 1 May 1872 **

Berks and Hants Railway The Berks and Hants Railway comprised two railway lines built simultaneously by the Great Western Railway (GWR) south and west from in an attempt to keep the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) out of the area that it considered to be its ...

opened

Reading Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of Letter (alphabet), letters, symbols, etc., especially by Visual perception, sight or Somatosensory system, touch. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process invo ...

Hungerford Hungerford is a historic market town and civil parish in Berkshire, England, west of Newbury, east of Marlborough, northeast of Salisbury and 60 miles (97 km) west of London. The Kennet and Avon Canal passes through the town alongside the ...

21 December 1847 and

Basingstoke Basingstoke ( ) is the largest town in the county of Hampshire. It is situated in south-central England and lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon, at the far western edge of The North Downs. It is located north-east of Southa ...

1 November 1848; Berks and Hants Extension Hungerford to

Devizes Devizes is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It developed around Devizes Castle, an 11th-century Norman architecture, Norman castle, and received a charter in 1141. The castle was besieged during the Anarchy, a 12th-century ...

opened 11 November 1862 **

Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway The Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway (WS&WR) was an early railway company in south-western England. It obtained Parliamentary powers in 1845 to build a railway from near Chippenham in Wiltshire, southward to Salisbury and Weymouth in Dors ...

, opened

Chippenham Chippenham is a market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village ...

to Westbury 5 September 1848; completed in stages to Weymouth 20 January 1857 ** Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway opened 1 June 1849, amalgamated with GWR 1 September 1854 **

South Wales Railway The South Wales Railway ( cy, Rheilffordd De Cymru) was a main line railway which opened in stages from 1850, connecting the Great Western Railway from Gloucester to South Wales. It was constructed on the broad gauge. An original aspiration was to ...

opened

Chepstow Chepstow ( cy, Cas-gwent) is a town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, adjoining the border with Gloucestershire, England. It is located on the tidal River Wye, about above its confluence with the River Severn, and adjoining the western ...

to Landore 18 June 1850, Chepstow Bridge opened 19 June 1862, amalgamated with GWR 1 January 1862 ** Gloucester and Dean Forest Railway opened 19 September 1851 ** Vale of Neath Railway opened 24 September 1851, amalgamated into GWR 1 February 1865 **

opened 11 March 1852 including previous Hayle Railway, transferred to GWR 1 January 1868 ** Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway opened 11 July 1853 ** Marlow Branch Line, Wycombe Railway opened 1 August 1854 ** Abingdon Railway opened 2 June 1856 ** Bridport Railway opened 12 November 1857, bought by GWR 1 July 1901, closed 5 May 1975 ** Liskeard and Looe Railway, railway opened 11 May 1858, vested in GWR 1 January 1923 ** East Somerset Railway first stage opened 9 November 1858, completed 1 March 1862 ** Great Western and Brentford Railway opened 18 July 1858 ** Cornwall Railway opened to Truro 4 May 1859, extended to Falmouth 21 August 1863, amalgamated with GWR 1 July 1889 ** West Midland Railway formed 1 July 1860, amalgamated with GWR 1 August 1863 *** Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway opened at Worcester 5 October 1850, completed from Wolverhampton to Oxford in stages by April 1854 *** Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway opened 2 January 1851 *** Worcester and Hereford Railway opened 25 July 1859 *** Severn Valley Railway opened 1 February 1862 ** Ely Valley Railway opened 1 August 1860

Midlands

* Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (became Great Central Railway 1897) * Great Central Railway incorporated 1897 ** Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway: formed by an amalgamation of: *** Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway *** Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction Railway *** Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway **** including Grimsby Docks Company. ** South Yorkshire Railway opened 9 September 1854, merged with GCR 1 August 1864 ***Including southern part of Sheffield, Rotherham, Barnsley, Wakefield, Huddersfield and Goole Railway Company ** Wigan Junction Railway ** Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway ** North Wales and Liverpool Railway ** Liverpool, St Helens and South Lancashire Railway ** Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway acquired in 1907 * Midland Railway: formed 1844 by amalgamation: ** North Midland Railway ** Midland Counties Railway ** Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway Later acquired: ** Leicester and Swannington Railway opened 14 July 1832 ** Sheffield and Rotherham Railway 1838 ** Birmingham and Gloucester Railway opened 17 December 1840 ** "Little" North Western Railway (Skipton – Lancaster) opened 1 June 1850 ** Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway () * North Staffordshire Railway incorporated in 1845 to promote three railway schemes. Three Acts of Parliament on 26 June 1846 were given to the one company. Main line opened in 1848. Further Acts were all granted to the NSR Co. which remained independent until the 1923 Grouping.

North

* Maryport and Carlisle Railway (first section) opened 1845. Remained independent until the 1923 Grouping * Furness Railway (Furness) (first section) opened 11 August 1846 ** Ulverston and Lancaster Railway opened 1857 amalgamated with Furness in 1862 *Great Northern Railway (Great Britain), Great Northern Railway incorporated 1846 ** Edgware, Highgate and London Railway incorporated 1862 ** London and York Railway ** Direct Northern Railway * North Eastern Railway (UK), North Eastern Railway (NER) incorporated 1854The information on NER constituents is largely drawn from Appendix E (pp 778–9) of ''North Eastern Railway, Its Rise and Development''; by W. W. Tomlinson (David & Charles 1967 reprint of 1914 original
original available here
/ref> **York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway was York and Newcastle Railway (1846–1847) and Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway (1842–1846) ***Durham Junction Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1844 ***Brandling Junction Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1845 ***Durham and Sunderland Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1846 ***Pontop and South Shields Railway incorporated 1842, amalgamated with N&DJR in 1846 ****Stanhope and Tyne Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with P&SSR in 1842 ***Newcastle and Berwick Railway incorporated 1845, amalgamated with Y&NR in 1847 ****Newcastle and North Shields Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with N&BR in 1845 ***Great North of England Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with YN&BR in 1850 **York and North Midland Railway incorporated 1836 ***Leeds and Selby Railway incorporated 1830, amalgamated with Y&NMR in 1844 ***Whitby and Pickering Railway incorporated 1833, amalgamated with Y&NMR in 1845 ***East and West Yorkshire Junction Railway incorporated 1846, amalgamated with Y&NMR in 1852 **Leeds Northern Railway was Leeds and Thirsk Railway (1845–1849) **Malton and Driffield Railway incorporated 1846 **Deerness Valley Railway incorporated 1855, amalgamated with NER in 1857 **Hartlepool Dock and Railway incorporated 1832, amalgamated with NER in 1857 **North Yorkshire and Cleveland Railway incorporated 1854, amalgamated with NER in 1858 **Bedale and Leyburn Railway incorporated 1853, amalgamated with NER in 1859 **Hull and Holderness Railway incorporated 1853, amalgamated with NER in 1862 **Newcastle and Carlisle Railway incorporated 1829, amalgamated with NER in 1862 ***Blaydon, Gateshead and Hebburn Railway incorporated 1834, amalgamated with N&CR in 1839 **Stockton and Darlington Railway incorporated 1821, amalgamated with NER in 1863 ***Darlington and Barnard Castle Railway incorporated 1854, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858 ***Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway incorporated 1852, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858 ***Middlesbrough and Redcar Railway incorporated 1845, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858 ***Wear Valley Railway incorporated 1845, amalgamated with S&DR in 1858 ****Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway incorporated 1837, amalgamated with WVR in 1847 ***Eden Valley Railway incorporated 1858, amalgamated with S&DR in 1862 ***Frosterley and Stanhope Railway incorporated 1861, amalgamated with S&DR in 1862 ***South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway incorporated 1857, amalgamated with S&DR in 1862 **Cleveland Railway (England), Cleveland Railway incorporated 1858, amalgamated with NER in 1865 **West Hartlepool Harbour and Railway incorporated 1852, amalgamated with NER in 1865 ***Clarence Railway incorporated 1828, amalgamated with WHH&R in 1853 ***Stockton and Hartlepool Railway incorporated 1839, amalgamated with WHH&R in 1853 **Hull and Hornsea Railway incorporated 1862, amalgamated with NER in 1866 **West Durham Railway incorporated 1839, amalgamated with NER in 1870 **Hull and Selby Railway incorporated 1836, amalgamated with NER in 1872 **Blyth and Tyne Railway incorporated 1852, amalgamated with NER in 1874 **Hexham and Allendale Railway incorporated 1865, amalgamated with NER in 1876 **Leeds, Castleford and Pontefract Junction Railway incorporated 1873, amalgamated with NER in 1876 **Tees Valley Railway incorporated 1865, amalgamated with NER in 1882 **Hylton, Southwick and Monkwearmouth Railway incorporated 1871, amalgamated with NER in 1883 **Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway incorporated 1871, amalgamated with NER in 1883 **Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway incorporated 1866, amalgamated with NER in 1889 **Wear Valley Extension Railway incorporated 1892, amalgamated with NER in 1893 **Scarborough & Whitby Railway incorporated 1871, amalgamated with NER in 1898 **Cawood, Wistow and Selby Light Railway incorporated 1896, amalgamated with NER in 1900 **Scarborough, Bridlington and West Riding Junction Railway incorporated 1885, amalgamated with NER in 1914 * Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway incorporated 1847. In 1846 the Liverpool and Bury Railway was amalgamated with the Manchester and Leeds Railway, which became known as The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1847 ** Manchester and Leeds Railway incorporated 1836 ** Manchester and Bolton Railway opened 1838 ** Ashton, Stalybridge and Liverpool Junction Railway 1844 ** Liverpool and Bury Railway 1845 ** East Lancashire Railway 1844-1859, East Lancashire Railway opened 1846: a section of this line is now a East Lancashire Railway, heritage railway ** Wakefield, Pontefract and Goole Railway opened 1848 ** Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway opened 1848 * London and North Western Railway (LNWR) formed by amalgamation in 1846, there were 45 formerly independent railways within the LNWR, including: ** Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened 15 September 1830 ** London and Birmingham Railway (first section) opened 20 July 1837; opened throughout 17 September 1838 ** Grand Junction Railway opened 1837 ** Chester and Crewe Railway opened 1846 ** Chester and Holyhead Railway opened 1848 to Bangor 1850 to Holyhead ** Manchester and Birmingham Railway ** Lancaster and Carlisle Railway ** Cromford and High Peak Railway ** Kendal and Windermere Railway ** Watford and Rickmansworth Railway opened 1 October 1862 closed 1998 possible reopening (see Watford tube station)

South

* Isle of Wight Central Railway incorporated 1887, amalgamation of several smaller railways including: ** Cowes & Newport Railway Company, Cowes and Newport Railway incorporated 1859 ** Ryde & Newport Railway opened 1875 ** Isle of Wight (Newport Junction) Railway completed 1879 * London Brighton and South Coast Railway amalgamation of five railways August 1846: ** London and Croydon Railway incorporated 1835 opened 1839 ** London and Brighton Railway incorporated 1837 opened 21 September 1841 ** Croydon and Epsom Railway incorporated 1844. ** Brighton and Chichester Railway incorporated 1844. ** Brighton Lewes and Hastings Railway incorporated 1844. ** West End of London and Crystal Palace Railway opened 1856–8. ** Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway incorporated 1858. * London, Chatham and Dover Railway ** East Kent Railway incorporated 1853 ** Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway incorporated 1858. ** Mid-Kent Railway incorporated 1855. * London and South Western Railway (LSWR) ** London and South Western Railway, London and Southampton Railway opened (first section) 21 May 1838; renamed LSWR 1838 ** Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway opened 23 May 1832, sold to LSWR autumn 1846 but not legally vested in that company until 1 July 1886 ** Richmond Railway opened 27 July 1846 ** Windsor, Staines and South Western Railway opened 1848–1849 ** Southampton and Dorchester Railway opened 1 June 1847; extended to Weymouth 20 June 1857 ** Staines, Wokingham and Woking Junction Railway opened 1856 ** Sprat and Winkle Line, Andover and Redbridge Railway opened 6 March 1865, closed 1967 ** Lymington Railway opened 12 July 1858, closed 1967 *

incorporated 1862 amalgamated with Midland Railway 1912 **

* Metropolitan Railway (MetR) ** North Metropolitan Railway incorporated 1853; became MetrR 1854. Other sections followed in 1860–70 * Midland and South Western Junction Railway: formed in 1884 by amalgamation of ** Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway incorporated 1873 ** Swindon and Cheltenham Extension Railway incorporated 1881 * North London Railway incorporated 1846 original name: ** East and West India Docks and Birmingham Junction Railway * Pentewan Railway The railway from St Austell was complete by 22 June 1829 but not incorporated until 20 February 1873 as the Pentewan Railway and Harbour Company Limited. An Act of Parliament on 7 August 1874 authorised the use of locomotives. It was closed from 4 March 1918. * Redruth and Chasewater Railway This was opened on 30 January 1826 and was locomotive worked from 1 December 1864. It was closed from 27 September 1915. * Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR). An amalgamation of the: ** Somerset Central Railway, first section opened on 1 November 1860, and ** Dorset Central Railway, first section opened on 28 August 1854. ** The S&D Joint Railway was jointly operated by the Midland Railway and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). After the Railways Act 1921, 1 January 1923 Grouping, joint ownership of the S&DJR passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, LMS and the Southern Railway (Great Britain), Southern Railway. * South Eastern Railway (UK), South Eastern Railway incorporated 1836 ** London and Greenwich Railway ** Canterbury and Whitstable Railway ** Mid-Kent Railway incorporated 1855. ** Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway * Surrey Iron Railway(SIR) opened 1804 (4 ft gauge): ** Croydon Merstham and Godstone Railway – extension of SIR * West Somerset Mineral Railway incorporated 1855 to carry iron ore; passenger service from 1865; closed to all traffic 189
see article here

Wales

* Cambrian Railways incorporated between 1864 and 1904 ** Oswestry and Newtown Railway 30 miles: incorporated 6 June 1855; opened 1860-1 ** Llanidloes and Newtown Railway miles: 4 August 1853; 1859. Until 1861 this section of the line was completely isolated ** Newtown and Machynlleth Railway 23 miles: 27 July 1857; 1863 ** Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway 18 miles: 1 August 1861; 1863-4 ** Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway 86 miles: 26 July 1861; 1863–69 ** Mid Wales Railway miles: 1 August 1859; 1 September 1864. This Railway maintained complete independence from the Cambrian until 1 January 1888, when the latter took over working the line; and on 1 July 1904 when the two Railways amalgamated. ** and several railways opened in the 1860s * Festiniog Railway incorporated 23 May 1832 ( gauge) miles opened 1836 to carry dressed slate from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Porthmadog for export by sea, carried passengers from 1865. Still independent and since 1954 a leading heritage railway. * Llanelly Railway and Dock Company incorporated 1828 * Rhymney Railway incorporated 1854 * Taff Vale Railway (TVR) incorporated 1836. Among the eight railways amalgamated with the TVR is one early railway: ** Aberdare Railway opened 1846

References

Notes

Sources

* * * {{Bigfour Early British railway companies, Early British railway companies Pre-grouping British railway companies British railway-related lists, Early British railway companies

Scottish early railways

Caledonian Railway (incorporated 1845)

Glasgow and South Western Railway (title assumed 1850)

Great North of Scotland Railway (incorporated 1845)

Highland Railway (title assumed 1865)

North British Railway (incorporated 1844)

English and Welsh early railways

East

Great Western Railway

Midlands

North

South

Wales

See also

References

Notes

Sources