The Global 200 is the list of
ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of ...
s identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (
WWF), the global conservation organization, as priorities for conservation. According to WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species dynamics, and environmental conditions". For example, based on their levels of
endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...
, Madagascar gets multiple listings, ancient
Lake Baikal gets one, and the
North American Great Lakes
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lak ...
get none.
The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered.
Background
The WWF has identified 867
terrestrial ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of l ...
s across the Earth's land surface, as well as
freshwater and
marine ecoregion
A marine ecoregion is an ecoregion, or ecological region, of the oceans and seas identified and defined based on biogeographic characteristics.
Introduction
A more complete definition describes them as “Areas of relatively homogeneous species ...
s. The goal of this classification system is to ensure that the full range of
ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the syste ...
s will be represented in regional conservation and development strategies. Of these ecoregions, the WWF selected the Global 200 as the ecoregions most crucial to the
conservation
Conservation is the preservation or efficient use of resources, or the conservation of various quantities under physical laws.
Conservation may also refer to:
Environment and natural resources
* Nature conservation, the protection and managem ...
of global
biodiversity
Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...
. The Global 200 list actually contains 238 ecoregions, made up of 142 terrestrial, 53 freshwater, and 43 marine ecoregions.
Conservationists interested in preserving biodiversity have generally focused on the preservation of
tropical moist broadleaf forests
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
Description
TSMF is generally found in large, discont ...
(commonly known as tropical rainforests) because it is estimated that they harbor one half of Earth's species. On the other hand, the WWF determined that a more comprehensive strategy for conserving global biodiversity should also consider the other half of species, as well as the
ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the syste ...
s that support them.
Several habitats, such as
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome
A biome () is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader ...
, were determined to be more threatened than tropical rain forests, and therefore require concerted conservation action. WWF maintains that "although conservation action typically takes place at the country level, patterns of biodiversity and ecological processes (e.g., migration) do not conform to political boundaries", which is why ecoregion-based conservation strategies are deemed essential.
Classification
Historically, zoologists and botanists have developed various classification systems that take into account the world's plant and animal communities. Two of the worldwide classification systems most commonly used today were summarized by
Miklos Udvardy
Miklos Dezso Ferenc Udvardy (March 23, 1919 – January 27, 1998) was a Hungarian-American biologist and university instructor. He contributed to a wide variety of disciplines, such as biogeography, evolutionary biology, ornithology, and veget ...
in 1975.
The Earth's land surface can be divided into eight
biogeographic realm
A biogeographic realm or ecozone is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms. They are subdivided into bioregions, which are further subdivided into ecoregions.
De ...
s (formerly called kingdoms, and which the BBC calls ecozones) that represent the major terrestrial communities of animals and plants, and are a synthesis of previous systems of
floristic province
A phytochorion, in phytogeography, is a geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species. Adjacent phytochoria do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both r ...
s and faunal regions. The biome system classifies the world into ecosystem types (i.e. forests, grasslands, etc.) based on climate and vegetation. Each biogeographical realm contains multiple biomes, and biomes occur across several biogeographical realms. A system of
biogeographical provinces was developed to identify specific geographic areas in each biogeographical realm that were of a consistent biome type, and shared distinct plant and animal communities. The WWF system represents a further refinement of the system of biomes (which the WWF calls "major habitat types"), biogeographical realms, and biogeographical provinces (the WWF scheme divides most biogeographical provinces into multiple smaller ecoregions).
Selection process
Based on a comprehensive list of
ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of ...
s, The Global 200 includes all major habitat types (biomes), all
ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the syste ...
types, and
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
from every major habitat type. It focuses on each major habitat type of every continent (such as
tropical forest
Tropical forests (a.k.a. jungle) are forested landscapes in tropical regions: ''i.e.'' land areas approximately bounded by the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.
Some tropical fore ...
s or
coral reef
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.
C ...
s). It uses
ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of ...
s as the unit of scale for comparison. WWF say ecoregions could be considered as conservation units at regional scale because they meet similar biological communities.
Some ecoregions were selected over other ecoregions of the same major habitat type (biome) or realm. Selection of the Global 200 relied on extensive studies of 19 terrestrial, freshwater, and marine major habitat types. Selection of the ecoregions was based on analyses of species richness, species
endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...
, unique higher
taxa
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
, unusual ecological or evolutionary phenomena, and global rarity of major habitat type.
Global 200 ecoregion list is most helpful to conservation efforts at a regional scale: local
deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated ...
, destruction of swamp habitats, degradation of soils, etc. However, certain phenomena, such as bird or whale
migration
Migration, migratory, or migrate may refer to: Human migration
* Human migration, physical movement by humans from one region to another
** International migration, when peoples cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum le ...
, depend on more complex parameters not used to define the current
database
In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases s ...
, such as atmospheric currents and dynamic
pelagic
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth (as illustrated on the right). The word ''pelagic'' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of as an imaginary cylinder or w ...
ecosystems. These would require gathering more information, and co-ordination of efforts between multiple ecoregions. However, the Global 200 ecoregions can help these efforts by identifying habitat sites and resting sites for migratory animals. It may also help identify the origin of
invasive species, and offer insights for slowing down or stopping their intrusion.
Global 200:
Terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
Description
TSMF is generally found in large, discon ...
Afrotropical
*
Guinean moist forests
**AT0111
Eastern Guinean forests
The Eastern Guinean forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of West Africa.
Geography
The ecoregion includes the lowland forests extending from the Gulf of Guinea a few hundred kilometres inland, from western Côte d'Ivoire to ...
**AT0114
Guinean montane forests
The Guinean montane forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of West Africa.
The ecoregion occupies the portions of the Guinea Highlands lying above 600 meters elevation, extending across portions of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Lib ...
**AT0130
Western Guinean lowland forests
The Western Guinean lowland forests ecoregion (WWF #AT0130) is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of West Africa. It is centered on Liberia, with portions in surrounding countries. It is the westernmost tropical rainforest in Africa, an ...
*
Congolian coastal forests
The Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests, also known as the Congolian coastal forests, are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of Central Africa, covering hills, plains, and mountains of the Atlantic coast of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, G ...
**AT0102
Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests
The Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests, also known as the Congolian coastal forests, are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of Central Africa, covering hills, plains, and mountains of the Atlantic coast of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Ga ...
**AT0107
Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests
The Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of west-central Africa. This is lush forest rich in flora and birdlife.
Location and description
The region includes the lowland and coastal forests of southe ...
**AT0127
São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón forests
The São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón forests, also known as the São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón moist lowland forests, is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that covers the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, which form the islan ...
*
Cameroon Highlands forests
**AT0103
Cameroonian Highlands forests
The Cameroonian Highlands forests, also known as the Cameroon Highlands forests, are a montane tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion located on the range of mountains that runs inland from the Gulf of Guinea and forms the border between Camer ...
**AT0121
Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests
The Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in central Africa. It occupies the upper slopes of coastal Mount Cameroon in Cameroon, and the mountains of nearby Bioko island in Equatorial Guinea.
Ge ...
*
Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
**AT0124
Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
*Central Congo Basin Moist Forests
**AT0104
Central Congolian lowland forests
The Central Congolian lowland forests are an ecoregion within the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This is a remote, inaccessible area of low-lying dense wet forest, undergrowth and swamp in the Cuvette Centrale region of the Congo Basin south of ...
**AT0110
Eastern Congolian swamp forests
The Eastern Congolian swamp forests are a fairly intact but underresearched ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome. It is located within the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This is the eastern half of one of the ...
*Western Congo Basin Moist Forests
**AT0126
Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
The Northwestern Congolian lowland forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that spans Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic and a minuscule part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It forms part o ...
**AT0129
Western Congolian swamp forests
The Western Congolian swamp forests are an ecoregion of the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining Central African Republic. Together with the adjacent Eastern Congolian swamp forests, it forms one of the largest con ...
*Albertine Rift montane forests
**AT0101
Albertine Rift montane forests
*
East African Coastal Forests
**AT0125
Northern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
Northern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic, also known as the Northern Swahili coastal forests and woodlands, is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of coastal East Africa. The ecoregion includes a variety of habitats, including f ...
**AT0128
Southern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
The Southern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic, also known as the Southern Swahili coastal forests and woodlands, is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of eastern Africa. It is a southern variation of Northern Zanzibar-Inhamban ...
*Eastern Arc Montane Forests (
Kenya
)
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, image_map =
, map_caption =
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, capital = Nairobi
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...
,
Tanzania
Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands ...
)
**AT0109
Eastern Arc forests
The Eastern Arc forests is a montane tropical moist forest ecoregion of eastern Africa. The ecoregion comprises several separate highland areas above 800 meters in Kenya, and (mostly) Tanzania.
Setting
The Eastern Arc forests extend across a tot ...
*Madagascar lowlands and subhumid forests
**AT0117
Madagascar lowland forests
The Madagascar lowland forests or Madagascar humid forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion found on the eastern coast of the island of Madagascar, home to a plant and animal mix that is 80 to 90% endemic, with the forests of the e ...
**AT0118
Madagascar subhumid forests
The Madagascar subhumid forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that covers most of the Central Highlands of the island of Madagascar. They are included in the WWF's Global 200 list of outstanding ecoregions. Most of the origin ...
*
Seychelles
Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, ...
and
Mascarene Islands
The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of the islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Their ...
moist forests
**AT0113
Granitic Seychelles forests
**AT0120
Mascarene forests
The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of the islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Thei ...
Australasia
Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologi ...
*
Sulawesi moist forests
**AA0123
Sulawesi lowland rain forests
The Sulawesi lowland rain forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical moist forest ecoregion in Indonesia. The ecoregion includes the lowlands of Sulawesi and neighboring islands.
Geography
Sulawesi is the largest i ...
**AA0124
Sulawesi montane rain forests
*
Moluccas
The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...
moist forests (
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
)
**AA0106
Halmahera rain forests
*Southern New Guinea lowland forests
**AA0122
Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests
The Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical moist forest ecoregion in southeastern New Guinea. The ecoregion covers portions of New Guinea's southern lowlands.
Geography
The eco ...
*New Guinea montane forests
**AA0116
Northern New Guinea montane rain forests
The Northern New Guinea montane rain forests is a tropical moist forest ecoregion in northern New Guinea. The ecoregion covers several separate mountain ranges lying north of New Guinea's Central Range and south of the Pacific Ocean.
Geogra ...
*
Solomons–Vanuatu–Bismarck moist forests The East Melanesian Islands, also known as the Solomons-Vanuatu-Bismarck moist forests, is a biogeographic region in the Melanesia subregion of Oceania. Biogeographically, the East Melanesian Islands are part of the Australasian realm.
It is notabl ...
**AA0101
Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests
Admiralty most often refers to:
*Admiralty, Hong Kong
* Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964
*The rank of admiral
* Admiralty law
Admiralty can also refer to:
Buildings
*Admiralty, Tr ...
**AA0111
New Britain–New Ireland lowland rain forests
**AA0112
New Britain–New Ireland montane rain forests
**AA0119
Solomon Islands rain forests
The Solomon Islands rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion covering most of the Solomon Islands archipelago.
Geography
Included are the islands of Bougainville and Buka, which are part of Papua New Guinea and most of the islands within th ...
**AA0126
Vanuatu rain forests
The Vanuatu rain forests are tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion which includes the islands of Vanuatu, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands group of the neighboring Solomon Islands. It is part of the Australasian realm, which ...
*Queensland tropical rain forests
**AA0117
Queensland tropical rain forests
The Queensland tropical rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID: AA0117) covers a portion of the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia and belongs to the Australasian realm. The forest contains the world's best living record of the major stages ...
*New Caledonia moist forests
**AA0113
New Caledonia rain forests
The New Caledonia rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion, located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific. It is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion, part of the Australasian realm.
Setting
The ecoregion covers the windward eastern s ...
*
Lord Howe–
Norfolk Islands forests
**AA0109
Lord Howe Island subtropical forests
Lord Howe Island (; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, part of the Australian state of New South Wales. It lies directly east of mainland Po ...
Indomalaya
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.
Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indi ...
*South Western Ghats montane rain forests and moist deciduous forests
**IM0150
South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
The South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests is an ecoregion in the Western Ghats of southern India with tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. This biome covers the Nilgiri Hills between elevation of in Kerala, Karnataka and T ...
**IM0151
South Western Ghats montane rain forests
The South Western Ghats montane rain forests is an ecoregion in South India, covering the southern portion of the Western Ghats in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu at elevations from . Annual rainfall in this ecoregion exceeds .
Setting
The e ...
*
Sri Lanka moist forests
**IM0154
Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
The Sri Lanka lowland rain forests represents Sri Lanka's Tropical rainforests below in elevation in the southwestern part of the island. The year-around warm, wet climate together with thousands years of isolation from mainland India have re ...
**IM0155
Sri Lanka montane rain forests
*Northern
Indochina
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...
Subtropical moist forests
**IM0137
Northern Indochina subtropical forests
*Southeast China-Hainan moist forests
**IM0149
South China–Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests
**IM0169
Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
The Hainan Island monsoon rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID:IM0169) covers mountainous interior of Hainan Island in China. The tropical forests receive over 1,000 mm/year of rain, heavily concentrated in the summer rainy season. The island has ...
*
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
montane forests
**IM0172
Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests
*
Annamite Range
The Annamite Range or the Annamese Mountains (french: Chaîne annamitique; lo, ພູ ຫລວງ ''Phou Luang''; vi, Dãy (núi) Trường Sơn) is a major mountain range of eastern Indochina, extending approximately through Laos, Viet ...
moist forests (
Cambodia
Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...
,
Laos,
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
)
**IM0136
Northern Annamites rain forests
**IM0152
Southern Annamites montane rain forests
The Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0152) covers a region of high biodiversity in the central and southern mountains of the Annamite Range in Vietnam. Terrain ranges from wet lowland forest to evergreen hardwood and c ...
*Sumatran Islands lowland and montane forests
**IM0157
Sumatran freshwater swamp forests
**IM0158
Sumatran lowland rain forests
The Sumatran lowland rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0158) covers the lowland forests running the length of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. The region is one of exceptionally high biodiversity, similar to Borneo and New Guinea islands. Ma ...
**IM0159
Sumatran montane rain forests
**IM0160
Sumatran peat swamp forests
*
Philippines moist forests
**IM0114
Greater Negros–Panay rain forests
**IM0122
Luzon montane rain forests
**IM0123
Luzon rain forests
The Luzon rain forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion on the island of Luzon. Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines, and the Luzon rain forests is the most extensive rainforest ecoregion of the country. The ecoregion inc ...
**IM0128
Mindanao montane rain forests
The Mindanao montane rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID:IM0128) covers the montane forests - the zone between the lowland forest and the treeline - in the mountains on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. Because the ecoregion covers only eleva ...
**IM0129
Mindanao–Eastern Visayas rain forests
**IM0130
Mindoro rain forests
The Mindoro rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID:IM0130) covers the island of Mindoro, which lies between the island of Luzon and the Palawan Archipelago in the Philippines. The island has been subject to heavy commercial logging, with the only origin ...
**IM0156
Sulu Archipelago rain forests
*
Palawan
Palawan (), officially the Province of Palawan ( cyo, Probinsya i'ang Palawan; tl, Lalawigan ng Palawan), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in t ...
moist forests
**IM0143
Palawan rain forests
The Palawan rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID:IM0143) covers the Palawan Island Archipelago, centered on Palawan Island, the sixth largest island in the Philippines. The islands act as an ecological bridge between Borneo and the main islands of the ...
*
Kayah-Karen/
Tenasserim moist forests
**IM0119
Kayah–Karen montane rain forests
**IM0163
Tenasserim–South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests
*Peninsular Malaysian lowland and montane forests
**IM0144
Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests
The Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests is an ecoregion on Malay Peninsula. It occupies the mountainous spine of the peninsula in Malaysia and southernmost Thailand. It is in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome.
Geog ...
**IM0145
Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests
The Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests is an ecoregion on Malay Peninsula, which includes portions of Malaysia. It is in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome.
Setting
The ecoregion covers an area of on both the eastern ...
**IM0146
Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
The Peninsular Malaysian rain forests is an ecoregion on Malay Peninsula and adjacent islands. It is in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome.
Geography
The ecoregion covers most of the southern Malay Peninsula in Malaysia ...
*
Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and ea ...
lowland and montane forests
**IM0102
Borneo lowland rain forest
The Borneo lowland rain forests is an ecoregion, within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, of the large island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It supports approximately 15,000 plant species, 380 bird species and several m ...
s
**IM0103
Borneo montane rain forests
**IM0104
Borneo peat swamp forests
The Borneo peat swamp forests ecoregion, within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, are on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Location and description
Peat swamp forests occur ...
*
Nansei Shoto Archipelago forests (Japan)
**IM0170
Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests
*Eastern
Deccan Plateau
The large Deccan Plateau in southern India is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, and is loosely defined as the peninsular region between these ranges that is south of the Narmada river. To the north, it is bounded by th ...
moist forests (India)
**IM0111
Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests, presently known as East Deccan moist deciduous forests, is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in east-central India. The ecoregion covers an area of , extending across po ...
*
Naga-Manupuri-Chin hills moist forests (
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
, India,
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
)
**IM0109
Chin Hills–Arakan Yoma montane forests
**IM0120
Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and India. The ecoregion covers an area of , comprising most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Biha ...
**IM0131
Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests
The Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests is a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion which occupies the lower hillsides of the mountainous border region joining India, Bangladesh, and Burma (Myanmar). The ecoregion covers an area of . ...
*Cardamom Mountains moist forests
**IM0106
Cardamom Mountains rain forests
The Cardamom Mountains rain forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in Southeast Asia, as identified by the WWF. The ecoregion covers the Cardamom Mountains and Elephant Mountains and the adjacent coastal lowlands in eastern Thaila ...
*Western Java montane forests
**IM0167
Western Java montane rain forests
The Western Java montane rain forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0167) covers the montane rain forest above 1,000 meters in the volcanic mountain ridges in the west of the island of Java in Indonesia. Several mammals and bird species are found only in ...
*Maldives–Lakshadweep–Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests
**IM0125
Maldives–Lakshadweep–Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests
Neotropic
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bioge ...
*
Greater Antillean moist forests
**NT0120
Cuban moist forests
The Cuban moist forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that occupies on Cuba and Isla de la Juventud. The ecoregion receives more than of rainfall annually, and does not have a dry season. Soils are usually derived from quartz, l ...
**NT0127
Hispaniolan moist forests
The Hispaniolan moist forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion on the island of Hispaniola. They cover , around 60% of the island's area.
Geography
Moist forests occur on most of the eastern half the Dominican Republic, stretc ...
**NT0131
Jamaican moist forests
The Jamaican moist forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in Jamaica.
Geography
Jamaica is the third-largest island in the Caribbean, lying south of Cuba and west of Hispaniola. The Jamaican moist forests ecoreg ...
**NT0155
Puerto Rican moist forests
The Puerto Rican moist forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in Puerto Rico. They cover an area of .
Lowland forests
Lowland forests are found throughout the island's coastal lowlands except for the dry southwest. Character ...
*Talamancan-Isthmian Pacific forests
**NT0167
Talamancan montane forests
The Talamancan montane forests ecoregion, in the tropical moist broadleaf forest biome, are in montane Costa Rica and western Panama in Central America.
Setting
The Talamancan montane forests cover a discontinuous area of in Cordilleran mounta ...
*Choco–Darien moist forests
**NT0115
Chocó–Darién moist forests
The Chocó–Darién moist forests (NT0115) is an ecoregion in the west of Colombia and east of Panama. The region has extremely high rainfall, and the forests hold great biodiversity.
The northern and southern parts of the ecoregion have been cons ...
*Northern Andean montane forests
**NT0145
Northwestern Andean montane forests
The Northwestern Andean montane forests (NT0145) is an ecoregion on the Andes mountains in the west of Colombia and Ecuador.
Both flora and fauna are highly diverse due to effect of ice ages when the warmer climate zones were separated and the cool ...
*Coastal
Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
montane forests
**NT0147
Orinoco Delta swamp forests
The Orinoco Delta swamp forests (NT0147) is an ecoregion of eastern Venezuela and northern Guyana covering the large and shifting Orinoco Delta.
The vegetation is mostly permanently flooded rainforest.
The ecoregion is relatively intact apart fro ...
**NT0169
Tepuis
A tepui , or tepuy (), is a table-top mountain or mesa found in South America, especially in Venezuela and western Guyana. The word tepui means "house of the gods" in the native tongue of the Pemon, the indigenous people who inhabit the Gran S ...
**NT0171
Trinidad and Tobago moist forests
*Guianan moist forests
**NT0125
Guianan moist forests
The Guianan moist forests (NT0125) is an ecoregion in the east of Venezuela, north of Brazil and the Guyanas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana). It is in the Amazon biome.
The climate is hot and humid, with two rainy seasons each year. As of 1996 ...
*Napo moist forests
**NT0142
Napo moist forests
The Napo moist forests (NT0142) is an ecoregion in the western Amazon rainforest of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Geography Location
The Napo moist forests ecoregion covers part of the Amazon basin to the east of the Andes in the north of Peru, ...
*Rio Negro - Juruá moist forests
**NT0132
Japurá–Solimões–Negro moist forests
The Japurá–Solimões–Negro moist forests (NT0132) is an ecoregion of tropical moist broad leaf forest in the Amazon biome.
Location
The Japurá–Solimoes–Negro moist forests ecoregion is named for the Japurá, Solimões, and Negro ri ...
**NT0133
Juruá–Purus moist forests
The Juruá–Purus moist forests (NT0133) is an ecoregion in northwest Brazil in the Amazon biome.
The terrain is very flat and soils are poor. The rivers flood annually.
There are no roads in the region, and the dense rainforest is relatively in ...
**NT0158
Rio Negro campinarana
Campinarana (NT0158, ), also called Rio Negro Campinarana, is a neotropical ecoregion in the Amazon biome of the north west of Brazil and the east of Colombia that contains vegetation adapted to extremely poor soil. It includes savanna, scrub and ...
*
Guayana Highlands moist forests
**NT0124
Guayanan Highlands moist forests
The Guayanan Highlands moist forests (NT0124) is an ecoregion in the south of Venezuela and the north of Brazil and in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana. It is in the Amazon biome.
It encompasses an upland region with diverse fauna and flora, which ...
*Central Andean
yungas
The Yungas ( Aymara ''yunka'' warm or temperate Andes or earth, Quechua ''yunka'' warm area on the slopes of the Andes) is a bioregion of a narrow band of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from Peru and Bolivia, and extends int ...
**NT0105
Bolivian Yungas
The Bolivian Yungas is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Yungas of central Bolivia.
Setting
The ecoregion occurs in elevations ranging from on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia, extending into a small p ...
**NT0153
Peruvian Yungas
The Peruvian Yungas is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Yungas of Peru.
Setting
The Peruvian Yungas occur on the eastern slopes and valleys of the Peruvian Andes. They form a transition zone between the Southwes ...
*Southwestern Amazonian moist forests
**NT0166
Southwest Amazon moist forests
The Southwest Amazon moist forests (NT0166) is an ecoregion located in the Upper Amazon basin.
The forest is characterized by a relatively flat landscape with alluvial plains dissected by undulating hills or high terraces. The biota of the so ...
*
Atlantic forests
The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and th ...
**NT0103
Bahia coastal forests
The Bahia coastal forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of eastern Brazil, part of the larger Atlantic Forest region.
Setting
The Bahia coastal forests occupy a belt approximately wide along the Atlantic coast of eastern Braz ...
**NT0151
Pernambuco coastal forests
The Pernambuco coastal forests is an ecoregion of the Tropical moist broadleaf forests Biome, and the South American Atlantic Forest biome. It is located in northeastern Brazil.
Geography
The Pernambuco coastal forests occupy an 80 km-wide s ...
**NT0160
Serra do Mar coastal forests
The Serra do Mar coastal forests is an ecoregion of the tropical moist forests biome. It is part of the Atlantic Forest of eastern South America. This ecoregion has an outstanding biodiversity consisting of flora, mammals, birds, and herpetofaun ...
Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
*South Pacific Islands forests (
American Samoa
American Samoa ( sm, Amerika Sāmoa, ; also ' or ') is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the island country of Samoa. Its location is centered on . It is east of the Internationa ...
- United States,
Cook Islands
)
, image_map = Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
, capital = Avarua
, coordinates =
, largest_city = Avarua
, official_languages =
, lan ...
- New Zealand,
Fiji,
French Polynesia - France,
Niue
Niue (, ; niu, Niuē) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Zealand. Niue's land area is about and its population, predominantly Polynesian, was about 1,600 in 2016. Niue is located in a triangle between Tong ...
- New Zealand,
Samoa
Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands ( Manono and Apolima); ...
,
Tonga
Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...
,
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands (; french: Wallis-et-Futuna or ', Fakauvea and Fakafutuna: '), is a French island collectivity in the South Pacific, situated between Tuvalu to the northwest, Fij ...
- France)
**OC0102
Central Polynesian tropical moist forests
The Central Polynesian tropical moist forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in Polynesia. It includes the northern group of the Cook Islands, the Line Islands in Kiribati, and Johnston Atoll, Jarvis Island, Palmyr ...
**OC0103
Cook Islands tropical moist forests
The Cook Islands tropical moist forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion that covers the Southern Cook Islands in the Cook Islands.
Geography
The Southern Cook Islands are a chain of volcanic islands in the Pacific ...
**OC0104
Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests
The Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in Micronesia. It includes the Marshall Islands, Banaba and the Gilbert Islands in Kiribati, Nauru, and Wake Island, a possession of th ...
**OC0105
Fiji tropical moist forests
**OC0112
Samoan tropical moist forests
**OC0114
Tongan tropical moist forests
**OC0117
Western Polynesian tropical moist forests
The Western Polynesian tropical moist forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion in Polynesia. It includes Tuvalu, the Phoenix Islands in Kiribati, Tokelau, and Howland and Baker islands, which are possessions of the ...
*
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...
moist forests
**OC0106
Hawaiian tropical rainforests
The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of in the windward lowlands and montane regions of the islands. Coastal mesic forests are found at elevations from s ...
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest is a habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes. Though these forests occur in climates that are warm year-round, and may receive ...
Afrotropic
*
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
dry deciduous forests
**AT0202
Madagascar dry deciduous forests
The Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical dry forest ecoregion situated in the western and northern part of Madagascar. The area has high numbers of endemic plant and animal species but has suffered large-scale clearance for agric ...
Australasia
*
Nusa Tenggara
The Lesser Sunda Islands or nowadays known as Nusa Tenggara Islands ( id, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, formerly ) are an archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up t ...
Dry Forests (
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
)
**AA0201
Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
The Lesser Sundas deciduous forests is a tropical dry forest ecoregion in Indonesia. The ecoregion includes the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, and Alor, along with the many adjacent smaller islands.
Geography
The ecoregion inc ...
**AA0203
Sumba deciduous forests
Sumba ( id, Pulau Sumba) is an island in eastern Indonesia. It is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands and is in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. Sumba has an area of , and the population was 779,049 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at ...
**AA0204
Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
The Timor and Wetar deciduous forests is a tropical dry forest ecoregion in Indonesia and East Timor. The ecoregion includes the islands of Timor, Wetar, Rote, Savu, and adjacent smaller islands.
Geography
Timor, Wetar, Rote, and Savu are pa ...
*
New Caledonia dry forests
**AA0202
New Caledonia dry forests
The New Caledonia dry forests is a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion in New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France located in the South Pacific Ocean. The dry forests cover the western side of Grand Terre, New Caledonia's largest isl ...
Indomalaya
*
Indochina
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...
dry forests
**IM0202
Central Indochina dry forests
The Central Indochina dry forests are a large tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion in Southeast Asia.
Location and description
The ecoregion consists of an area of plateau and low river basin in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and ...
*Chhota - Nagpur dry forests
**IM0203
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests Chota may refer to:
* Chota (Cherokee town), which once existed in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee
* Chota, Ecuador
* Chota, Peru, a city in Chota District, the capital of Chota Province, Peru.
* Chota District, a district in Chota Province ...
Neotropic
*
Mexican dry forests Mexican dry forest describes a number of ecoregions of Mexico within the dry broadleaf forest Biome.
Together they constitute a World Wildlife Fund Global 200 priority ecoregions area for conservation.
Ecoregions
The area includes the dry forest ...
**NT0204
Bajio dry forests
**NT0205
Balsas dry forests
**NT0227
Sierra de la Laguna dry forests
The Sierra de la Laguna dry forests are a subtropical dry forest ecoregion of the southern Baja California Peninsula in Mexico.
Geography
The dry forests cover the lower elevations of the Sierra de la Laguna, from elevation. They are surroun ...
*Tumbesian - Andean valleys dry forests (
Colombia,
Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ' ...
,
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
)
**NT0201
Apure–Villavicencio dry forests
The Apure–Villavicencio dry forests (NT0201) is an ecoregion in Venezuela and Colombia to the east of the eastern cordillera of the Andes.
The ecoregion covers the transition zone between montane forests in the Andes and the llanos, or lowland g ...
**NT0214
Ecuadorian dry forests
The Ecuadorian dry forests (NT0214) is an ecoregion near the Pacific coast of the Ecuador.
The habitat has been occupied by people for centuries and has been severely damaged by deforestation, overgrazing and hillside erosion due to unsustainable ...
**NT0221
Magdalena Valley dry forests
The Magdalena Valley dry forests (NT0221) is an ecoregion in Colombia along the upper Magdalena River, a large river that runs from south to north between the two main ''cordilleras'' of the Andes. There are many endemic species, but much of the or ...
**NT0223
Marañón dry forests
The Marañón dry forests (NT0223) is an ecoregion in northern Peru.
It covers the lower valley of the Marañón River and its tributaries along the eastern edge of the Andes.
It has a dry climate due to rain shadow from mountains further east.
T ...
**NT0232
Tumbes–Piura dry forests
The Tumbes–Piura dry forests (NT0232) is an arid tropical ecoregion along the Pacific coasts of southern Ecuador and northern Peru.
The ecoregion contains many endemic species of flora and birds adapted to the short wet season followed by a long ...
*Chiquitano dry forests
**NT0212
Chiquitano dry forests
The Chiquitano dry forests is a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion in Bolivia and Brazil. The ecoregion is named for the Chiquitano people who live in the region.
Setting
The Chiquitano dry forests cover an area of . The ecoregion lies eas ...
*Atlantic dry forests
**NT0202
Atlantic dry forests
Oceania
*
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...
dry forests
**OC0202
Hawaiian tropical dry forests
The Hawaiian tropical dry forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of on the leeward side of the main islands and the summits of Niihau and Kahoolawe. These forests are either seasonal ...
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests are a tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. These forests are found predominantly in North and Central America and experience low levels of precipitation and moderate va ...
Nearctic
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...
*Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental pine-oak forests
**NA0302
Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests
The Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests ( es, Bosques de pino-roble de la Sierra Madre Occidental) are a Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the Sierra Madre Occidental range from the southwest USA region to the western part ...
**NA0303
Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests
The Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests are a Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of northeastern and Central Mexico, extending into the state of Texas in the United States.
Setting
The Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests ar ...
Neotropic
*Greater Antillean pine forests
**NT0304
Cuban pine forests
The Cuban pine forests are a tropical coniferous forest ecoregion on the Caribbean islands of Cuba and Isla de la Juventud. They cover an area of , occurring in separate sections in eastern Cuba and western Cuba and Isla de la Juventud.
Descrip ...
**NT0305
Hispaniolan pine forests
The Hispaniolan pine forests are a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion found on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The ecoregion covers , or about 15% of the island. It lies at elevatio ...
*
Mesoamerican pine–oak forests
The Mesoamerican pine–oak forests is a composite ecoregion of southern Mexico and Central America, designated by the World Wildlife Fund as one of their Global 200 ecoregions, a list of priority ecoregions for conservation.
These forests include ...
(
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
,
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
)
**NT0308
Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests
The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests is a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion in Southern Mexico.
It occupies the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, a mountain range which lies mostly within the state of Oaxaca, and extends no ...
**NT0309
Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests
**NT0310
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests
The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests is a subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of central Mexico.
Setting
The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests occupy an area of , extending from ...
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions.
These f ...
Australasia
*Eastern Australia temperate forests
**AA0402
Eastern Australian temperate forests
The Eastern Australian temperate forests is a broad ecoregion of open forest on uplands (typically on the Great Dividing Range) starting from the east coast of New South Wales in the South Coast to southern Queensland, Australia. Although dry s ...
*Tasmanian temperate rain forests
**AA0413
Tasmanian temperate rain forests
The Tasmanian temperate rain forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in western Tasmania. The ecoregion is part of the Australasian realm, which includes Tasmania and Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and ad ...
*New Zealand temperate forests
**AA0403
Fiordland temperate forests
**AA0404
Nelson Coast temperate forests
**AA0405
Northland temperate forests
**AA0406
Northland temperate kauri forests
**AA0407
Rakiura Island temperate forests
**AA0410
Southland temperate forests
**AA0414
Westland temperate forests
Indomalaya
*Eastern Himalayan broadleaf and conifer forests
**IM0401
Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
The Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests is a temperate broadleaf forest ecoregion found in the middle elevations of the eastern Himalayas, including parts of Nepal, India, and Bhutan. These forests have an outstanding richness of wildlife.
Settin ...
*Western Himalayan temperate forests
**IM0403
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
The Western Himalayan broadleaf forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion which is found in the middle elevations of the western Himalayas, including parts of Nepal, India, and Pakistan.
Setting
The ecoregion forms an area of te ...
Nearctic
*Appalachian and mixed mesophytic forests
**NA0402
Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
The Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests is an ecoregion of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund. It consists of mesophytic plants west of the Appalachian Mountains in the Southeastern United Sta ...
Neotropic
*
Valdivian temperate rain forests
The Valdivian temperate forests (NT0404) is an ecoregion on the west coast of southern South America, in Chile and Argentina. It is part of the Neotropical realm. The forests are named after the city of Valdivia. The Valdivian temperate rainforest ...
-
Juan Fernández Islands
The Juan Fernández Islands ( es, Archipiélago Juan Fernández) are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean reliant on tourism and fishing. Situated off the coast of Chile, they are composed of three main volcanic i ...
**NT0401
Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests
**NT0404
Valdivian temperate forests
The Valdivian temperate forests (NT0404) is an ecoregion on the west coast of southern South America, in Chile and Argentina. It is part of the Neotropical realm. The forests are named after the city of Valdivia. The Valdivian temperate rainforest ...
Palearctic
*Southwest China temperate forests
**PA0417
Daba Mountains evergreen forests
**PA0434
Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests
**PA0437
Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests
*Russian Far East temperate forests
**PA0426
Manchurian mixed forests
The Manchurian mixed forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0426) covers the forested hills surrounding the river plains of northern China, Russia, North Korea, and South Korea. The ecoregion supports a number of rare species due to the relative isolation ...
**PA0443
Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests
The Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0443) covers a mountainous areas above the lower Amur River and Ussuri River in Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai in the Russian Far East. The ecoregion is in the Palearctic realm, with ...
Temperate coniferous forests
Temperate coniferous forest is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Temperate coniferous forests are found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters, and vary in their kinds of plant life. In some, needl ...
Nearctic
*
Pacific temperate rain forests
The Pacific temperate rainforests of western North America is the largest temperate rain forest region on the planet as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (other definitions exist). The Pacific temperate rainforests lie along the western side ...
**NA0510
Central Pacific coastal forests
The Central Pacific coastal forests is a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion located in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system.
...
**NA0512
Eastern Cascades forests
**NA0520
Northern Pacific coastal forests
The Northern Pacific coastal forests are temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of the Pacific coast of North America. It occupies a narrow coastal zone of Alaska, between the Pacific Ocean and the northernmost Pacific Coast Ranges, covering an ...
*Klamath - Siskiyou forests
**NA0516
Klamath-Siskiyou forests
The Klamath Mountains ecoregion of Oregon and California lies inland and north of the Coast Range ecoregion, extending from the Umpqua River in the north to the Sacramento Valley in the south. It encompasses the highly dissected ridges, foothi ...
*Sierra Nevada forests
**NA0527
Sierra Nevada forests
*Southeastern coniferous and broadleaf forests
**NA0529
Southeastern conifer forests
The Southeastern conifer forests are a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion of the southeastern United States. It is the largest conifer forest ecoregion east of the Mississippi River. It is also the southernmost instance of temperate coniferous ...
Palearctic
*
European - Mediterranean montane mixed forests
**PA0501
Alps conifer and mixed forests
The Alps conifer and mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in central Europe. It extends along the Alps mountains through portions of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, and Slovenia. The eco ...
**PA0513
Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
*
Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forest (
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ' ...
,
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
,
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
,
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
,
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
,
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
,
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...
)
**PA0407
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
The Hyrcanian forests ( fa, جنگل های هیرکانی) are a zone of lush lowland and montane forests covering about adjoining the shores of the Caspian Sea of Iran and part of that of Azerbaijan. The forest is named after the ancient reg ...
**PA0408
Caucasus mixed forests
The Caucasus mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in the Caucasus Mountains, as well as the adjacent Lesser Caucasus range and the eastern end of the Pontic Mountains.
Geography
The ecoregion covers an area of , ext ...
**PA0507
Elburz Range forest steppe
The Elburz Range forest steppe ecoregion is an arid, mountainous 1,000-kilometer arc south of the Caspian Sea, stretching across northern Iran from the Azerbaijan border to near the Turkmenistan border. It covers and encompasses the southern and ...
**PA0515
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
The Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests is a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion located in northern Anatolia, Turkey.
Geography
The ecoregion covers an area of . It covers portions of the Pontic Mountains, which extend east and ...
*Altai - Sayan montane forests
**PA0502
Altai montane forest and forest steppe
**PA0519
Sayan montane conifer forests
*Hengduan Shan coniferous forests
**PA0509
Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests
Boreal forests/taiga
Taiga (; rus, тайга́, p=tɐjˈɡa; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruc ...
Nearctic
*Muskwa / Slave Lake boreal forests
**NA0610
Muskwa–Slave Lake forests
*Canadian Boreal Forests
**NA0606
Eastern Canadian Shield taiga
The Eastern Canadian Shield taiga is an ecoregion of Canada as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system.
Setting
Located in northeastern Canada, this ecoregion covers a large part of northern Quebec and most of Labrador, re ...
Palearctic
*Ural Mountains taiga
**PA0610
Urals montane tundra and taiga
*East Siberian taiga
**PA0601
East Siberian taiga
The East Siberian taiga ecoregion, in the Taiga and boreal forests biome, is a very large biogeographic region in eastern Russia.
Setting
This vast ecoregion is located in the heart of Siberia, stretching over 20° of latitude and 50° of longit ...
*
Kamchatka
The Kamchatka Peninsula (russian: полуостров Камчатка, Poluostrov Kamchatka, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and west ...
taiga and grasslands
**PA0603
Kamchatka–Kurile meadows and sparse forests
**PA0604
Kamchatka–Kurile taiga
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is dominated by grass and/or shrubs located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and t ...
Afrotropic
*
Horn of Africa acacia savannas
**AT0715
Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets
The Somali ''Acacia''–''Commiphora'' bushlands and thickets is a semi-arid tropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in the Horn of Africa. It is home to diverse communities of plants and animals, including several endemic specie ...
*East African acacia savannas
**AT0711
Northern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets
The Northern ''Acacia''–''Commiphora'' bushlands and thickets are a tropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands ecoregion in eastern Africa. The ecoregion is mostly located in Kenya, extending north into southeastern South Sudan, northeastern ...
*Central and Eastern miombo woodlands
**AT0704
Central Zambezian miombo woodlands
**AT0706
Eastern miombo woodlands
The Eastern miombo woodlands (AT0706) are an ecoregion of grassland and woodland in northern Mozambique, southern Tanzania, and southeastern Malawi.
Setting
These species-rich savanna ecosystems cover wide areas of gentle hills and low valleys co ...
*
Sudanian savannas
**AT0705
East Sudanian savanna
The East Sudanian savanna is a hot, dry, tropical savanna ecoregion of Central and East Africa.
Geography
The East Sudanian savanna is the eastern half of the Sudanian savanna belt which runs east and west across Africa. The eastern lies eas ...
**AT0722
West Sudanian savanna
The West Sudanian savanna is a tropical savanna ecoregion that extends across West Africa.
Geography
The ecoregion stretches east and west across West Africa, from the Atlantic coast of Senegal to the Mandara Mountains on Nigeria's eastern borde ...
Australasia
*Northern Australia and Trans-Fly savannas
**AA0701
Arnhem Land tropical savanna
The Arnhem Land tropical savanna is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in Australia's Northern Territory.
Geography
The ecoregion occupies the peninsula of Arnhem Land and its offshore islands, includin ...
**AA0702
Brigalow tropical savanna
The Brigalow Belt is a wide band of acacia-wooded grassland that runs between tropical rainforest of the coast and the semi-arid interior of Queensland, Australia. The
Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) divides the Bri ...
**AA0703
Cape York tropical savanna
**AA0704
Carpentaria tropical savanna
The Carpentaria tropical savanna is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in northern Australia.
Geography
The ecoregion lies in northwestern Queensland and northeastern Northern Territory, south of the ...
**AA0705
Einasleigh upland savanna
The Einasleigh Uplands is an interim Australian bioregion, with vegetation consisting of savanna and woodland located on a large plateau in inland Queensland, Australia. It corresponds to the Einasleigh Uplands savanna ecoregion, as identified ...
**AA0706
Kimberley tropical savanna
The Kimberley tropical savanna is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in northwestern Australia, covering portions of Western Australia and the Northern Territory south of the Timor Sea.
Geography
The ec ...
**AA0708
Trans-Fly savanna and grasslands
The Trans Fly savanna and grasslands are a lowland ecoregion on the south coast of the island of New Guinea in both the Indonesian and Papua New Guinean sides of the island. With their monsoon and dry season climate these grasslands are quite di ...
Indomalaya
*Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands
**IM0701
Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
The Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands is a narrow lowland ecoregion at the base of the Himalayas, about wide, and a continuation of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, Nepal and Bhutan. It is colloquially called ''Terai'' in the Ganges Basin eas ...
Neotropic
*Llanos savannas
**NT0709
Llanos
*Cerrado woodlands and savannas
**NT0704
Cerrado
The ''Cerrado'' (, ) is a vast ecoregion of tropical savanna in eastern Brazil, particularly in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Minas Gerais, and the Federal District. The core areas of the Cerrado biome are the ...
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The predominant vegetation in this biome consists of grass and/or shrubs. The climate is temperate and ranges from semi-arid to sem ...
Australasia
*Central Range subalpine grasslands
**AA1002
Central Range sub-alpine grasslands
Nearctic
*Northern
prairie
Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the ...
**NA0810
Northern mixed grasslands
The Northern Mixed Grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion includes parts of the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, north-central and eastern (except extrem ...
**NA0811
Northern short grasslands
**NA0812
Northern tall grasslands
The Northern tall grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion largely follows the Red River of the North, Red River Valley in the Canada, Canadian Provinces and territories of Canada, ...
Neotropic
*Patagonian steppe
**NT0805
Patagonian steppe
The Patagonian Desert, also known as the Patagonian Steppe, is the largest desert in Argentina and is the 8th largest desert in the world by area, occupying 673,000 square kilometers (260,000 mi2). It is located primarily in Argentina and ...
Palearctic
*Daurian steppe
**PA0804
Daurian forest steppe
The Daurian forest steppe ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0804) is a band of grassland, shrub terrain, and mixed forests in northeast Mongolia and the region of Siberia, Russia that follows the course of the Onon River and Ulz River. The region has been de ...
Flooded grasslands and savannas
Flooded grasslands and savannas is a terrestrial biome of the WWF biogeographical system, consisting of large expanses or complexes of flooded grasslands. These areas support numerous plants and animals adapted to the unique hydrologic regimes ...
Afrotropic
*
Sudd - Sahelian flooded grasslands and savannas (
Cameroon
Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...
,
Chad,
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
,
Mali
Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mal ...
,
Niger
)
, official_languages =
, languages_type = National languages[Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...](_blank)
,
Sudan,
Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The sou ...
)
**AT0903
Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna
The Inner Niger Delta, also known as the Macina or Masina, is the inland delta of the Niger River. It is an area of fluvial wetlands, lakes and floodplains in the semi-arid Sahel area of central Mali, just south of the Sahara desert.
Location ...
**AT0904
Lake Chad flooded savanna
The Lake Chad flooded savanna is a flooded grasslands and savannas ecoregion in Africa. It includes the seasonally- and permanently-flooded grasslands and savannas in the basin of Lake Chad in Central Africa, and covers portions of Cameroon, Ch ...
**AT0905
Saharan flooded grasslands
The Sudd (' or ', Dinka: Toc) is a vast swamp in South Sudan, formed by the White Nile's '' Baḥr al-Jabal'' section. The Arabic word ' is derived from ' (), meaning "barrier" or "obstruction". The term "the sudd" has come to refer to any large ...
*Zambezian flooded savannas
**AT0907
Zambezian flooded grasslands
The Zambezian flooded grasslands is an ecoregion of southern and eastern Africa that is rich in wildlife.
Setting
The Zambezian flooded grasslands can be found on seasonally- or permanently-flooded lowlands in the basin of the Zambezi and neighb ...
Indomalaya
*
Rann of Kutch
The Rann of Kutch (alternately spelled as Kuchchh) is a large area of salt marshes that span the border between India and Pakistan. It is located in Gujarat (primarily the Kutch district), India, and in Sindh, Pakistan. It is divided into ...
flooded grasslands
**IM0901
Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
The Rann of Kutch (alternately spelled as Kuchchh) is a large area of salt marshes that span the border between India and Pakistan. It is located in Gujarat (primarily the Kutch district), India, and in Sindh, Pakistan. It is divided into th ...
Neotropic
*
Everglades
The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin within the Neotropical realm. The system begins near Orlando with the Kissim ...
flooded grasslands
**NT0904
Everglades
The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin within the Neotropical realm. The system begins near Orlando with the Kissim ...
*
Pantanal
The Pantanal () is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area, and the world's largest flooded grasslands. It is located mostly within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and ...
flooded savannas
**NT0907
Pantanal
The Pantanal () is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area, and the world's largest flooded grasslands. It is located mostly within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and ...
Montane grasslands and shrublands
Montane grasslands and shrublands is a biome defined by the World Wildlife Fund. The biome includes high elevation grasslands and shrublands around the world. The term "montane" in the name of the biome refers to "high elevation", rather than th ...
Afrotropic
*Ethiopian Highlands
**AT1007
Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
The Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion in Ethiopia. It occupies the middle elevations of the Ethiopian Highlands, between the high-altitude Ethiopian montane moorlands and the lower-elevatio ...
**AT1008
Ethiopian montane moorlands
The Ethiopian montane moorlands is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion in Ethiopia. It lies above 3,000 meters elevation in the Ethiopian Highlands, the largest Afroalpine region in Africa. The montane moorlands lie above the tree line, ...
*Southern Rift montane woodlands
**AT1015
Southern Rift montane forest–grassland mosaic
The South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion of Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia.
The ecoregion encompasses several high mountains and plateaus north and east of Lake Malawi.
Climate
T ...
*East African moorlands
**AT1005
East African montane moorlands
The East African montane moorlands is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion which occupies several high mountain peaks in Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Geography
The ecoregion occupies an area of , covering several small mount ...
*
Drakensberg
The Drakensberg (Afrikaans: Drakensberge, Zulu: uKhahlambha, Sotho: Maluti) is the eastern portion of the Great Escarpment, which encloses the central Southern African plateau. The Great Escarpment reaches its greatest elevation – within t ...
montane shrublands and woodlands
**AT1003
Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
The Drakensberg (Afrikaans: Drakensberge, Zulu: uKhahlambha, Sotho: Maluti) is the eastern portion of the Great Escarpment, which encloses the central Southern African plateau. The Great Escarpment reaches its greatest elevation – within t ...
**AT1004
Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests
The Drakensberg (Afrikaans: Drakensberge, Zulu language, Zulu: uKhahlambha, Sotho language, Sotho: Maluti) is the eastern portion of the Great Escarpment, Southern Africa, Great Escarpment, which encloses the central South Africa#Geography, Sou ...
Australasian
* New Guinea
Central Range subalpine grasslands
Indomalaya
*Kinabalu montane shrublands
**IM1001
Kinabalu montane alpine meadows
Neotropic
*Northern Andean
páramo
**NT1006
Northern Andean páramo
The Northern Andean páramo (NT1006) is an ecoregion containing páramo vegetation above the treeline in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.
In the past, when the climate was cooler, the treeline and the páramo units were lower and the units were c ...
*Central Andean dry
puna
**NT1001
Central Andean dry puna
The Central Andean dry puna (NT1001) is an ecoregion in the Montane grasslands and shrublands biome, located in the Andean high plateau, in South America. It is a part of the Puna grassland.
Setting
This ecoregion occupies the southwestern portio ...
Palearctic
*Tibetan Plateau steppe
**PA1020
Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows
The Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows ecoregion covers the middle transition zone between the northern and southern regions of the Tibetan Plateau. The region supports both cold alpine steppe and meadows across a broad expanse of the ...
*Middle Asian montane steppe and woodlands (
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...
, China,
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
,
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the ea ...
,
Tajikistan
Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centr ...
,
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...
,
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked co ...
)
**PA1011
North Tibetan Plateau–Kunlun Mountains alpine desert
**PA1015
Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows
**PA1013
Ordos Plateau steppe
*Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows
**PA1003
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
The Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion of Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal, which lies between the tree line and snow line in the eastern portion of the Himalaya Range.
Setting
The ...
Tundra
In physical geography, tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. The term ''tundra'' comes through Russian (') from the Kildin Sámi word (') meaning "uplands", "treeless mou ...
Nearctic
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...
*Alaskan North Slope coastal tundra (Canada, United States)
**NA1103
Arctic coastal tundra
The Arctic coastal tundra is an ecoregion of the far north of North America, an important breeding ground for a great deal of wildlife.
Setting
This ecoregion is located on the north coast of Alaska, and includes the east coast plain of Banks Is ...
**NA1104
Arctic foothills tundra
**NA1108
Brooks–British Range tundra
*Canadian low arctic tundra (Canada)
**NA1114
Low Arctic tundra
**NA1116
Ogilvie–MacKenzie alpine tundra
**NA1118
Torngat Mountain tundra
Palearctic
*Fenno - Scandia alpine tundra and taiga (Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden)
**PA1106
Kola Peninsula tundra
**PA1110
Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands
*Taimyr and Siberian coastal tundra
**PA1107
Northeast Siberian coastal tundra
The Northeast Siberian coastal tundra ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1107) is an ecoregion that covers the coastal plain of the central north region of Siberia in Russia. This coastal region borders the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea, both marginal se ...
**PA1111
Taimyr–Central Siberian tundra
*Chukote coastal tundra (Russia)
**PA1104
Chukchi Peninsula tundra
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Afrotropic
*
Fynbos
**AT1202
Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
Fynbos (; meaning fine plants) is a small belt of natural shrubland or heathland vegetation located in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. This area is predominantly coastal and mountainous, with a Mediterranean cl ...
**AT1203
Montane fynbos and renosterveld
Fynbos (; meaning fine plants) is a small belt of natural shrubland or heathland vegetation located in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. This area is predominantly coastal and mountainous, with a Mediterranean cl ...
Australasia
*
Southwestern Australia
Southwest Australia is a biogeographic region in Western Australia. It includes the Mediterranean-climate area of southwestern Australia, which is home to a diverse and distinctive flora and fauna.
The region is also known as the Southwest Au ...
forests and scrub
**AA1201
Coolgardie woodlands
The Coolgardie woodlands is an ecoregion in southern Western Australia. The predominant vegetation is woodlands and mallee scrub. The ecoregion is a transitional zone between the Mediterranean-climate forests, woodlands, and shrublands of Southw ...
**AA1202
Esperance mallee
Esperance mallee is an ecoregion on the south coast of Western Australia, a coastal strip where the predominant vegetation consists of short eucalyptus trees and shrubs.
Location and description
A part of the Mediterranean forests, woodland ...
**AA1209
Southwest Australia savanna
**AA1210
Southwest Australia woodlands
*Southern Australia mallee and woodlands
**AA1203
Eyre and York mallee
Eyre may refer to:
Name
*Eyre (given name)
* Eyre (surname)
Places Australia National
*Eyre Highway, a highway connecting South Australia and Western Australia
South Australia
* Eyre Peninsula (disambiguation)
*Eyre, South Australia, a suburb
...
**AA1206
Mount Lofty woodlands
The Mount Lofty woodlands, or the Peppermint Box Grassy Woodland of South Australia, is an ecoregion in South Australia, which includes woodlands, shrublands, and grasslands in the Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula, and Kangaroo Island.
...
**AA1208
Naracoorte woodlands
The Naracoorte woodlands is an ecoregion in southern Australia. It covers the Naracoorte coastal plain in southeastern South Australia and southwestern Victoria. It is coterminous with the Naracoorte Coastal Plain IBRA region. Only 10% of the ...
Nearctic
*
California chaparral and woodlands
**NA1201
California coastal sage and chaparral
The California coastal sage and chaparral ( es, Salvia y chaparral costero de California) is a Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion located in southwestern California (United States) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico). It ...
**NA1202
California interior chaparral and woodlands
The California interior chaparral and woodlands ecoregion covers in an elliptical ring around the California Central Valley. It occurs on hills and mountains ranging from to . It is part of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, ...
**NA1203
California montane chaparral and woodlands
The California montane chaparral and woodlands is an ecoregion defined by the World Wildlife Fund, spanning of mountains in the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, and Coast Ranges of southern and central California. The ecoregion is part of ...
Neotropic
*Chilean Matorral
**NT1201
Chilean Matorral
The Chilean Matorral (NT1201) is a terrestrial ecoregion of central Chile, located on the west coast of South America. It is in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, part of the Neotropical realm.
Matorral is typically charac ...
Palearctic
*
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
**PA1214
Mediterranean woodlands and forests
Deserts and xeric shrublands
Deserts and xeric shrublands are a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Deserts and xeric (ancient Greek xērós, “dry") shrublands form the largest terrestrial biome, covering 19% of Earth's land surface area. Ecoregions in this h ...
Afrotropic
*Namib - Karoo - Kaokoveld deserts (
Angola
, national_anthem = " Angola Avante"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capital = Luanda
, religion =
, religion_year = 2020
, religion_ref =
, coordina ...
,
Namibia
Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...
,
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...
)
**AT1310
Kaokoveld desert
The Kaokoveld Desert is a coastal desert of northern Namibia and southern Angola.
Setting
The Kaokoveld Desert occupies a coastal strip covering , from 13° to 21°S and is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Namibian savanna woodl ...
**AT1314
Nama Karoo
Nama Karoo is a xeric shrubland ecoregion located on the central plateau of South Africa and Namibia. It occupies most of the interior of the western half of South Africa and extends into the southern interior of Namibia.
Climate
The climate t ...
**AT1315
Namib desert
The Namib ( ; pt, Namibe) is a coastal desert in Southern Africa. The name is of Khoekhoegowab origin and means "vast place". According to the broadest definition, the Namib stretches for more than along the Atlantic coasts of Angola, Nami ...
**AT1322
Succulent Karoo
*Madagascar spiny thicket
**AT1311
Madagascar spiny thickets
The Madagascar spiny forests (also known as the Madagascar spiny thickets) is an ecoregion in the southwest of Madagascar. The vegetation type is found on poor substrates with low, erratic winter rainfall. The ecoregion contains an outstanding pr ...
*
Socotra Island
Socotra or Soqotra (; ar, سُقُطْرَىٰ ; so, Suqadara) is an island of the Republic of Yemen in the Indian Ocean, under the ''de facto'' control of the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist participant in Yemen ...
desert (
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
)
**AT1318
Socotra Island xeric shrublands
The Socotra Island xeric shrublands is a terrestrial ecoregion that covers the large island of Socotra and several smaller islands that constitute the Socotra Archipelago. The archipelago is in the western Indian Ocean, east of the Horn of Africa ...
*Arabian Highland woodlands and shrublands (
Oman
Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of ...
,
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...
,
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia ( The Middle East). It is located at t ...
,
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
)
**AT1320
Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna
The Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna, also known as the Southwestern Arabian Escarpment shrublands and woodlands, is a desert and xeric shrubland ecoregion of the southern Arabian Peninsula, covering portions of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oma ...
**AT1321
Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands
Australasia
*Carnavon xeric scrub
**AA1301
Carnarvon xeric shrublands
The Carnarvon xeric shrublands is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of Western Australia. The ecoregion is coterminous with the Carnarvon Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) bioregion.[Great Sandy-Tanami desert
Great may refer to: Descriptions or measurements
* Great, a relative measurement in physical space, see Size
* Greatness, being divine, majestic, superior, majestic, or transcendent
People
* List of people known as "the Great"
*Artel Great (born ...]
Nearctic
*Sonoran - Baja deserts
**NA1301
Baja California Desert
The Baja California Desert ( es, Desierto de Baja California) is a desert ecoregion of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula. This ecoregion occupies the western portion of the Baja California peninsula, and occupies most of the Mexican states of B ...
**NA1310
Sonoran Desert
The Sonoran Desert ( es, Desierto de Sonora) is a desert in North America and ecoregion that covers the northwestern Mexican states of Sonora, Baja California, and Baja California Sur, as well as part of the southwestern United States (in Ariz ...
*Chihuahuan - Tehuacan deserts
**NA1303
Chihuahuan Desert
The Chihuahuan Desert ( es, Desierto de Chihuahua, ) is a desert ecoregion designation covering parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It occupies much of far West Texas, the middle to lower Rio Grande Valley and the lo ...
Neotropic
*
Galápagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands (Spanish: , , ) are an archipelago of volcanic islands. They are distributed on each side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean, surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, and are part of the Republic of Ecuador ...
scrub
**NT1307
Galápagos Islands xeric scrub
The Galápagos Islands xeric scrub, also known as the Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic, is a terrestrial deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion that covers the Galápagos Islands. The Galápagos Islands are volcanic in origin, and remote from c ...
*Atacama - Sechura deserts
**NT1303
Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert ( es, Desierto de Atacama) is a desert plateau in South America covering a 1,600 km (990 mi) strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes Mountains. The Atacama Desert is the driest nonpolar desert in th ...
**NT1315
Sechura Desert
The Sechura Desert is a coastal desert located south of the Piura Region of Peru along the Pacific Ocean coast and inland to the foothills of the Andes Mountains. Its extreme aridity is caused by the upwelling of cold coastal waters and subtrop ...
*Brazilian Atlantic Dry Forests (NT15):
**NT15 525
Caatinga
Caatinga (, ) is a type of semi-arid tropical vegetation, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name "Caatinga" is a Tupi word meaning "white forest" or "white vegetation" (''caa'' = forest, v ...
Palearctic
*Central Asian deserts (
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
,
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the ea ...
,
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked co ...
,
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...
)
**PA1310
Central Asian northern desert
**PA1312
Central Asian southern desert
Mangroves
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evolution in severa ...
Afrotropic
*East African mangroves
**AT1402
East African mangroves
East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth.
Etymology
As in other languages, the word is formed from the fac ...
*Gulf of Guinea mangroves
**AT1403
Guinean mangroves
The Guinean mangroves are a coastal ecoregion of mangrove swamps in rivers and estuaries near the ocean of West Africa from Senegal to Sierra Leone.
Location and description
Guinean mangroves can be found: in the Saloum River and Casamance del ...
*Madagascar mangroves
**AT1404
Madagascar mangroves
Madagascar mangroves are a coastal ecoregion in the mangrove forest biome found on the west coast of Madagascar. They are included in the WWF's Global 200 list of most outstanding ecoregions.
Geography
Mangrove swamps are located in flat co ...
Australasia
*New Guinea mangroves
**AA1401
New Guinea mangroves
The New Guinea mangroves is a mangrove ecoregion that covers extensive areas of the coastline New Guinea, the large island in the western Pacific Ocean north of Australia.
Location and description
The New Guinea mangroves cover an area of , ...
Indomalaya
*Greater Sundas mangroves
**IM1405
Sunda Shelf mangroves
*Sundarbans mangroves
**IM1406
Sundarbans mangroves
Nearctic
*Northwest Mexican coast mangroves
**NA1401
Northwest Mexican coast mangroves
Neotropic
*Guianan - Amazon mangroves
**NT1401
Alvarado mangroves
**NT1402
Amapá mangroves
**NT1406
Belizean reef mangroves
**NT1411
Guianan mangroves
The Guianan mangroves (NT1411) is a coastal ecoregion of southeastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil.
The mangroves provide an important habitat for migrating birds that winter in the area.
Large areas are intact, although t ...
**NT1427
Pará mangroves
*
Panama Bight mangroves
**NT1414
Gulf of Panama mangroves
**NT1409
Esmeraldas–Pacific Colombia mangroves
**NT1418
Manabí mangroves
**NT1413
Gulf of Guayaquil–Tumbes mangroves
Global 200:
Freshwater ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of l ...
s
Large rivers
Afrotropic
*
Congo River
The Congo River ( kg, Nzâdi Kôngo, french: Fleuve Congo, pt, Rio Congo), formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the second largest river in the world by discharge ...
and flooded forests (
Angola
, national_anthem = " Angola Avante"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
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, religion_year = 2020
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, coordina ...
,
Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
,
Republic of Congo)
Indomalaya
*
Mekong River
The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth longest river and the third longest in Asia. Its estimated length is , and it drains an area of , discharging of water annual ...
(Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
Nearctic
*
Colorado River
The Colorado River ( es, Río Colorado) is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. s ...
(Mexico, United States)
*Lower
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system in North America, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it fl ...
(United States)
Neotropic
*
Amazon River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
*
Orinoco River
The Orinoco () is one of the longest rivers in South America at . Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers , with 76.3 percent of it in Venezuela and the remainder in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the wor ...
and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
Palearctic
*
Yangtze River
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest list of rivers of Asia, river in Asia, the list of rivers by length, third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in th ...
and lakes (China)
Large river headwaters
Afrotropic
*
Congo basin piedmont rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Sudan)
Nearctic
*
Mississippi
Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...
piedmont
it, Piemontese
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demographics1_title2 ...
rivers and streams (United States)
Neotropic
*Upper
Amazon
Amazon most often refers to:
* Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek mythology
* Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin
* Amazon River, in South America
* Amazon (company), an American multinational technolog ...
rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela)
*Upper
Paraná rivers and streams (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
*Brazilian Shield
Amazonian rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
Large
river delta
A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water. This occurs where a river enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, or (more ra ...
s
Afrotropic
*
Niger River delta
The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical ...
(
Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
)
Indomalaya
*
Indus River Delta (India, Pakistan)
Palearctic
*Volga Delta, Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia)
*Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh, Mesopotamian delta and marshes (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait)
*Danube Delta, Danube River delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
*Lena River delta (Russia)
Small rivers
Afrotropic
*Upper Guinea rivers and streams (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
*Madagascar freshwater (
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
)
*Gulf of Guinea rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo)
*Cape rivers and streams (
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...
)
Australasia
*New Guinea rivers and streams (
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, Papua New Guinea)
*New Caledonia rivers and streams (
New Caledonia)
*Kimberley rivers and streams (Australia)
*Southwest Australia rivers and streams (Australia)
*Eastern Australia rivers and streams (Australia)
Indomalaya
*Xi Jiang rivers and streams (China, Vietnam)
*Western Ghats Rivers and Streams (India)
*Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams (
Sri Lanka)
*Salween River (China, Myanmar, Thailand)
*Sundaland rivers and swamps (Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore)
Nearctic
*Southeastern rivers and streams (United States)
*Pacific Northwest coastal rivers and streams (United States)
*Gulf of Alaska coastal rivers and streams (Canada, United States)
Neotropic
*Guianan freshwater (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
*Greater Antillean freshwater (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico)
Palearctic
*Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)
*Russian Far East rivers and wetlands (China, Mongolia, Russia)
Large lakes
Afrotropic
*Rift Valley lakes (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia)
Neotropic
*High Andean lakes (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
Palearctic
*
Lake Baikal (Russia)
*Lake Biwa (Japan)
Small lakes
Afrotropic
*Cameroon crater lakes (Cameroon)
Australasia
*Lakes Lake Kutubu, Kutubu and Sentani (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
*Central
Sulawesi lakes (Indonesia)
Indomalaya
*Philippines freshwater (Philippines)
*Inle Lake (Myanmar)
*Yunnan lakes and streams (China)
Neotropic
*Mexican highland lakes (Mexico)
Xeric basins
Australasia
*Central Australian freshwater (Australia)
Nearctic
*Chihuahuan Desert, Chihuahuan freshwater (Mexico, United States)
Palearctic
*Anatolian freshwater (Syria, Turkey)
Global 200 Marine ecoregions
Polar
Antarctic Ocean
*Antarctic Peninsula & Weddell Sea
Arctic Ocean
*Bering Sea (Canada, Russia, United States)
*Barents-Kara Sea (Norway, Russia)
Temperate shelves and seas
Mediterranean Sea
*Mediterranean (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey)
Temperate Northern Atlantic
*Northeast Atlantic Shelf Marine (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom)
*Grand Banks (Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon (France), United States)
*Chesapeake Bay (United States)
Temperate Northern Pacific
*Yellow Sea (China, North Korea, South Korea)
*Sea of Okhotsk (Japan, Russia)
Southern Ocean
*Patagonian Southwest Atlantic (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)
*Southern Australian Marine (Australia)
*New Zealand Marine (New Zealand)
upwelling, Temperate upwelling
North Temperate Indo-Pacific
*California Current (Canada, Mexico, United States)
South Temperate Atlantic
*Benguela Current (Namibia, South Africa)
South Temperate Indo-Pacific
*Humboldt Current (Chile, Ecuador, Peru)
*Agulhas Current (Mozambique, South Africa)
Upwelling, Tropical upwelling
Central Indo-Pacific
*Western Australian Marine (Australia)
Eastern Indo-Pacific
*Panama Bight (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama)
*Gulf of California (Mexico)
*Galápagos Marine (Ecuador)
Eastern Tropical Atlantic
*Canary Current (Canary Islands, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, Western Sahara)
Coral reef, Tropical coral
Central Indo-Pacific
*Nansei Shoto (Ryukyu Islands) (Japan)
*Sulu-Sulawesi Seas (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines)
*Bismarck-Solomon Seas (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands)
*Banda-Flores Sea (Indonesia)
*New Caledonia Barrier Reef (New Caledonia)
*Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
*Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands Marine (Australia)
*Palau Marine (Palau)
*Andaman Sea (Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand)
Eastern Indo-Pacific
*Tahitian Marine (Cook Islands, French Polynesia)
*Hawaiian Marine (Hawaii)
*Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
*Fiji Barrier Reef (Fiji)
Western Indo-Pacific
*Maldives, Chagos Archipelago, Chagos, and Lakshadweep atolls (Chagos Archipelago (United Kingdom), India, Maldives, Sri Lanka)
*Red Sea (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen)
*Arabian Sea (Djibouti, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen)
*East African Marine (Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania)
*West Madagascar Marine (Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte and Iles Glorieuses (France), Seychelles)
Western Tropical Atlantic
*Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico)
*Greater Antillean Marine (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States)
*Southern Caribbean Sea (Aruba, Colombia, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela)
*Northeast Brazil Shelf Marine (Brazil)
Global Priority Places
WWF WWF has identified 35 global priority places around the world (terrestrial, freshwater and marine) as either being home to irreplaceable and threatened biodiversity, or representing an opportunity to conserve the largest and most intact representative of their ecosystem.
WWF's Strategic Plan for Conservation
/ref>
# African Rift Lakes Region - Include the 3 largest lakes in Africa: Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi, as well as lakes Turkana, Albert, Edward, Kivu and others.
# Altai-Sayan region, Altai-Sayan Montane Forests - One of the last remaining untouched areas of the world
# Amazon Guianas - World's largest tropical rain forest and river basin with a mosaic of mountains, coniferous forests, steppe and alpine meadows.
# Amur-Heilong - Refuge for Amur leopard and tiger.
# Arctic Seas & Associated Boreal/Tundra - Protecting Arctic Environments
# Atlantic Forests - Forest stretches from the Atlantic coast of Brazil, south along the Brazilian Atlantic coastline and inland into northeast Argentina and eastern Paraguay.
# Borneo and Sumatra - Priceless forests harbor untold species
# Cerrado
The ''Cerrado'' (, ) is a vast ecoregion of tropical savanna in eastern Brazil, particularly in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Minas Gerais, and the Federal District. The core areas of the Cerrado biome are the ...
-Pantanal
The Pantanal () is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area, and the world's largest flooded grasslands. It is located mostly within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and ...
# Chihuahuan Desert
The Chihuahuan Desert ( es, Desierto de Chihuahua, ) is a desert ecoregion designation covering parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It occupies much of far West Texas, the middle to lower Rio Grande Valley and the lo ...
- Protecting the balance of a desert
# Chocó–Darién
# Coastal East Africa - Improving livelihoods by conserving nature
# Congo Basin - Protecting Africa's tropical forests
# Coral Triangle - Home to the world's most abundant variety of corals and sea life
# Eastern Himalayas - Empowering communities to protect sacred lands
# Fynbos
# The Galápagos - The world's most treasured islands
# Greater Black Sea Basin
# Lake Baikal
# Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
- Safeguarding one of Earth's most captivating islands
# Mediterranean Sea
# Mekong Complex - Protecting the river of life from source to sea
# Miombo woodlands
# Namib-Karoo-Kaokoveld
# New Guinea & Offshore Islands
# Northern Great Plains
# Orinoco River & Flooded Forests
# Southeastern Rivers and Streams
# Southern Chile - A land of ancient forests and abundant oceans
# Southern Ocean
# Southwest Australia
# Southwest Pacific
# Sumatra
# West Africa Marine
# Western Ghats
# Yangtze Basin - Sustaining a valley of life
Gallery
Image:Ecoregions.png, WWF Global 200 ecoregions.
Image:Wwfeco.png, WWF terrestrial ecoregions.
Image:Ucayalirivermap.png, Map of the Amazon Basin. Urubamba - Ucayali River.
Image:Lijiang_Lage.jpg, Lijiang City, Yunnan, China.
Image:Indiahills.png, Hills of India.
Image:Ocean drainage.png, Major endorheic basins of the world. Basins are shown in dark gray; major endorheic lakes are shown in black.
Image:Vegetation-no-legend.PNG, Terrestrial biomes classified by vegetation.
See also
*Biodiversity hotspots
*Megadiverse countries
*Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)
References
External links
A-Z of Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Global 200 Ecoregions
*[http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/maps/index.cfm Conservation status map of the global 200]
List of the Global 200
Global Priority Places
{{Use British English Oxford spelling, date=November 2017
WWF ecoregions
Ecology lists
Environmental conservation
Lists of places
Top lists