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Sumatran Freshwater Swamp Forests
The Sumatran freshwater swamp forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0157) covers disconnected patches of freshwater swamp forest on the alluvial plains of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. The different locations vary greatly in their vegetation and wildlife habitat depending on the local soil types. The land has been greatly disturbed by human conversion to agriculture and illegal logging in recent years. Several of the sectors support significant populations of Asian elephants ''(Elephas maximus)'. Location and description The sectors of the ecoregion tend to be bounded on the south by Sumatran lowland rain forests, and on the northern side by Sumatran peat swamp forests. The freshwater swamps differ from the Peat swamp forest in having less waterlogged soil, more fertile soils, and more water derived from rivers and rainwater. The freshwater swamps are all on low plains, with the maximum elevation in the ecoregion only 63 meters. Climate The climate of the ecoregion is ''Tro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Way Kambas National Park
Way Kambas National Park ( id, Taman Nasional Way Kambas, abbreviated TNWK) is a national park covering 1,300 square kilometres in Lampung province, southern Sumatra, Indonesia. It consists of swamp forest and lowland rain forest, mostly of secondary growth as result of extensive logging in the 1960s and 1970s. Despite decreasing populations, the park still has a few critically endangered Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants and Sumatran rhinoceroses. It also provides excellent birdwatching, with the rare white-winged wood duck among the over 400 species present in the park. Threats to the park are posed by poaching and habitat loss due to illegal logging. Conservation efforts include patrolling and the establishment of the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary and the Elephant Conservation Centre. In 2016, Way Kambas was formally declared an ASEAN Heritage Park. Flora and fauna Plant species include ''Avicennia marina'', ''Sonneratia'' species, ''Nypa fruticans'', '' Melaleuca leucadendra'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerial Root
Aerial roots are roots above the ground. They are almost always adventitious. They are found in diverse plant species, including epiphytes such as orchids (''Orchidaceae''), tropical coastal swamp trees such as mangroves, banyan figs ('' Ficus subg. Urostigma''), the warm-temperate rainforest rata (''Metrosideros robusta''), and pohutukawa trees of New Zealand (''Metrosideros excelsa''). Vines such as common ivy (''Hedera helix'') and poison ivy (''Toxicodendron radicans'') also have aerial roots. Types of aerial roots This plant organ that is found in so many diverse plant-families has different specializations that suit the plant-habitat. In general growth-form, they can be technically classed as '' negatively gravitropic'' (grows up and away from the ground) or ''positively gravitropic'' (grows down toward the ground). "Stranglers" (prop-root) Banyan trees are an example of a strangler fig that begins life as an epiphyte in the crown of another tree. Their roots grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panthera Tigris
The tiger (''Panthera tigris'') is the largest living cat species and a member of the genus '' Panthera''. It is most recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orange fur with a white underside. An apex predator, it primarily preys on ungulates, such as deer and wild boar. It is territorial and generally a solitary but social predator, requiring large contiguous areas of habitat to support its requirements for prey and rearing of its offspring. Tiger cubs stay with their mother for about two years and then become independent, leaving their mother's home range to establish their own. The tiger was first scientifically described in 1758. It once ranged widely from the Eastern Anatolia Region in the west to the Amur River basin in the east, and in the south from the foothills of the Himalayas to Bali in the Sunda Islands. Since the early 20th century, tiger populations have lost at least 93% of their historic range and have been extirpated from Western and Central Asia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapirus Indicus
The Malayan tapir (''Tapirus indicus''), also called Asian tapir, Asiatic tapir and Indian tapir, is the only tapir species native to Southeast Asia from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the population is estimated to comprise fewer than 2,500 mature individuals. Taxonomy The scientific name ''Tapirus indicus'' was proposed by Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1819 who referred to a tapir described by Pierre-Médard Diard. ''Tapirus indicus brevetianus'' was coined by a Dutch zoologist in 1926 who described a black Malayan tapir from Sumatra that had been sent to Rotterdam Zoo in the early 1920s. Phylogenetic analyses of 13 Malayan tapirs showed that the species is monophyletic. It was placed in the genus ''Acrocodia'' by Colin Groves and Peter Grubb in 2011. However, a comparison of mitochondrial DNA of 16 perissodactyl species revealed that the Malayan tapir forms a sister group together with the ''Tapirus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugenia
''Eugenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,100 species occur in the New World tropics, especially in the northern Andes, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Forest (coastal forests) of eastern Brazil. Other centers of diversity include New Caledonia and Madagascar. Many of the species that occur in the Old World have received a new classification into the genus ''Syzygium''. All species are woody evergreen trees and shrubs. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies. Taxonomy The genus was named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy. Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of ''Eugenia'' have been described from Mesoamerica in the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythrina
''Erythrina'' is a genus of plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains about 130 species, which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. They are trees, with the larger species growing up to in height. The generic name is derived from the Greek word , meaning "red", referring to the flower color of certain species. Names Particularly in horticulture, the name coral tree is used as a collective term for these plants. Flame tree is another vernacular name, but may refer to a number of unrelated plants as well. Many species of ''Erythrina'' have bright red flowers, and this may be the origin of the common name. However, the growth of the branches can resemble the shape of sea coral rather than the color of ''Corallium rubrum'' specifically, and this is an alternative source for the name. Other popular names, usually local and particular to distinct species, liken the flowers' red hues to those of a male chicken's wattles, and/or the flower shape to i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyera
''Dyera'' is a genus of tropical trees up to 80 m in height. They are in family Apocynaceae, native to southeast Asia. It was first described as a genus in 1882, by Joseph Dalton Hooker.Middleton, D.J. (2007). Apocynaceae (subfamilies Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae). Flora Malesiana 18: 1-474. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta. Species Plants of the World Online recognises the following species: * ''Dyera costulata ''Dyera costulata'', the jelutong, is a species of tree in the family Apocynaceae. It grows to approximately 60 metres (200 ft) tall with diameters of 2 metres (5 to 6 ft), or even to 80 m (260 ft) tall with diameters to 3&nbs ...'' - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra * '' Dyera polyphylla'' - Borneo, Sumatra References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2712165 Apocynaceae genera Rauvolfioideae Taxa named by Joseph Dalton Hooker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dillenia
''Dillenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dilleniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of southern Asia, Australasia, and the Indian Ocean islands. The genus is named after the German botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius, and consists of evergreen or semi-evergreen trees and shrubs. Structure The leaves are simple and spirally arranged. They are generally large, in the case of D. reticulata reaching 1.27 meters (4.2 feet) in length and about 16 inches (41 centimeters) wide. The flowers are solitary, or in terminal racemes, with five sepals and five petals, numerous stamens (up to 900 in the case of D. ovalifolia, and a cluster of five to 20 carpels; they are superficially similar in appearance to ''Magnolia'' flowers. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' currently includes: # ''Dillenia alata'' (R.Br. ex DC.) Banks ex Martelli # '' Dillenia albiflos'' (Ridl.) Hoogland # '' Dillenia andamanica'' C.E.Parkinson # '' Dillenia aurea'' Sm. # '' Dillenia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mallotus (plant)
''Mallotus'' is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790. Two species ('' M. oppositifolius'' and '' M. subulatus'') are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar. All the other species are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific. The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs. Fossil record ''Mallotus'' macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008. Uses ''Mallotus'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Endoclita malabaricus''. The Kamala tree (''Mallotus philippensis'') has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campnosperma
''Campnosperma'' is a genus of rainforest trees in the Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae). They are found in the East Indies, south Asia and the Seychelles. Species , the ''Plants of the World Online'' accepts 14 species: * '' Campnosperma auriculatum'' (Blume) Hook.f. * ''Campnosperma brevipetiolatum'' * '' Campnosperma coriaceum'' (Jack) Hallier f. * '' Campnosperma gummiferum'' (Benth.) Marchand * ''Campnosperma lepidotum'' Capuron ex Randrianasolo & J.S.Mill. * ''Campnosperma micranteium'' Marchand * ''Campnosperma montanum'' Lauterb. * ''Campnosperma panamense'' Standl. * ''Campnosperma parvifolium'' Capuron ex J.S.Mill. & Randrianasolo * ''Campnosperma schatzii'' Randrianasolo & J.S.Mill. * ''Campnosperma seychellarum'' * ''Campnosperma squamatum'' * ''Campnosperma zacharyi'' * ''Campnosperma zeylanicum ''Campnosperma zeylanicum'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංක� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alstonia
''Alstonia'' is a widespread genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, of the family Apocynaceae. It was named by Robert Brown in 1811, after Charles Alston (1685–1760), professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716 to 1760. The type species ''Alstonia scholaris'' (L.) R.Br. was originally named ''Echites scholaris'' by Linnaeus in 1767. Description ''Alstonia'' consists of about 40–60 species (according to different authors) native to tropical and subtropical Africa, Central America, Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Australia, with most species in the Malesian region. These trees can grow very large, such as ''Alstonia pneumatophora'', recorded with a height of 60 m and a diameter of more than 2 m. ''Alstonia longifolia'' is the only species growing in Central America (mainly shrubs, but also trees 20 m high). The leathery, sessile, simple leaves are elliptical, ovate, linear or lanceolate and wedge-shaped at the base. The leaf blade is dorsiventral, medium-sized to large and di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adina (plant)
''Adina'' is a genus of 11 species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, native to East Asia and Southeast Asia. Description ''Adina'' is a genus of shrubs and small trees. The terminal vegetative buds are inconspicuous and loosely surrounded by the stipules. The stipules are bifid for at least 2/3 of their length. The corolla lobes are nearly valvate in bud, being subimbricate at the apex. The anthers are basifixed and introrse. The ovary has two locules, with up to four ovules per locule. Taxonomy ''Adina'' was named by Richard Salisbury in 1807 in his book, ''The Paradisus Londinensis''. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek word , meaning "clustered, crowded". It refers to the tightly clustered heads of flowers. The biological type for ''Adina'' consists of the specimens that Salisbury called ''Adina globiflora''.''Adina'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile. These are now included in the species '' Adina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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