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Kamchatka–Kurile Meadows And Sparse Forests
The Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0603) covers the coastal zones of the Kamchatka peninsula, northern section of the Kuril Islands, and the Commander Islands in the Russian Far East. The region noted for its sparse forests of Betula ermanii ("Stone birch"), and also for extensive tall-herb meadows. It is in the Palearctic realm, and mostly in the boreal forests/taiga biome with a Humid continental climate, cool summer climate. It covers . Location and description The coasts of Kamchatka are relatively flat, and cooled by the cold current of the Sea of Okhotsk to the west, and the East Kamchatka Current that flows down the east coast on the Bering Sea side. The ecoregion includes the Kuril Islands down to Urup Island, the northernmost 800 km of islands that stretch down from the peninsula. The Commander Islands lie in the 175 km to the east of the middle of the peninsula in the Bering Sea. The area is volcanic, and the soils are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kronotsky Nature Reserve
Kronotsky (Кроноцкий) Nature Reserve (also: ''Kronotsky Biosphere Zapovednik'') is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) reserved for the study of natural sciences in the remote Russian Far East, on the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. It was created in 1934 and its current boundary contains an area of . The largest lake in the reserve is Lake Kronotskoye, which covers an area of . It also has Russia's only geyser basin, plus several mountain ranges with numerous volcanoes, both active and extinct. Due to its often harsh climate and its mix of volcanoes and geysers, it is frequently described as the Land of Fire and Ice.Quammen, David (2009Fragile Russian Wilderness: The Kronotsky Nature Reserve Is Best Appreciated From Afar National Geographic, p.62, January 2009, Vol. 215, No.1 Kronotsky is mainly accessible only to scientists, plus approximately 3,000 tourists annually who pay a fee equivalent to US$700 to travel by helicopter for a single day's visit. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Köppen Climate Classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notably in 1918 and 1936. Later, the climatologist Rudolf Geiger (1894–1981) introduced some changes to the classification system, which is thus sometimes called the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system. The Köppen climate classification divides climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on seasonal precipitation and temperature patterns. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (temperate), ''D'' (continental), and ''E'' (polar). Each group and subgroup is represented by a letter. All climates are assigned a main group (the first letter). All climates except for those in the ''E'' group are assigned a seasonal precipitation subgroup (the second letter). For example, ''Af'' indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiga And Boreal Forests
Taiga (; rus, тайга́, p=tɐjˈɡa; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest has been called the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean (including much of Siberia), much of Norway and Estonia, some of the Scottish Highlands, some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland, and areas of northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northern Japan (on the island of Hokkaidō). The main tree species, depending on the length of the growing season and summer temperatures, vary across the world. The taiga of North America is mostly spruce, Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of a mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palearctic Ecoregions
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Siberian region; the Mediterranean Basin; the Sahara and Arabian Deserts; and Western Asia, Western, Central Asia, Central and East Asia. The Palaearctic realm also has numerous rivers and lakes, forming several freshwater ecoregions. The term 'Palearctic' was first used in the 19th century, and is still in use as the basis for Zoogeography, zoogeographic classification. History In an 1858 paper for the ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society'', British zoologist Philip Sclater first identified six terrestrial zoogeographic realms of the world: Palaearctic, Aethiopian/Afrotropic, Indian subcontinent, Indian/Indomalayan, Australasian realm, Australasian, Nearctic, and Neotropical. The six indicated general groupings of fauna, based on shared biog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecoregions Of Russia
The following is a list of ecoregions in Russia, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF): Terrestrial Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests *Caucasus mixed forests (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Turkey) *Central European mixed forests (Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine) *Crimean Submediterranean forest complex (Russia, Ukraine) *East European forest steppe (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine) *Manchurian mixed forests (China, Russia, North Korea, South Korea) *Sarmatic mixed forests (Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden) * South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests (Russia) *Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests (Russia) *West Siberian broadleaf and mixed forests (Russia) Temperate coniferous forests *Altai montane forest and forest steppe (China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia) * Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests (China, Russia) *Sayan montane conifer forests (M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ecoregions In Russia
The following is a list of ecoregions in Russia, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF): Terrestrial Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests *Caucasus mixed forests (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Turkey) *Central European mixed forests (Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine) *Crimean Submediterranean forest complex (Russia, Ukraine) *East European forest steppe (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine) *Manchurian mixed forests ( China, Russia, North Korea, South Korea) *Sarmatic mixed forests (Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden) * South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests (Russia) *Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests (Russia) *West Siberian broadleaf and mixed forests (Russia) Temperate coniferous forests * Altai montane forest and forest steppe ( China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia) * Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests ( China, Russia) * Sayan montane conifer f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Kamchatka Sanctuary
South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz'' ("south"), possibly related to the same Proto-Indo-European root that the word ''sun'' derived from. Some languages describe south in the same way, from the fact that it is the direction of the sun at noon (in the Northern Hemisphere), like Latin meridies 'noon, south' (from medius 'middle' + dies 'day', cf English meridional), while others describe south as the right-hand side of the rising sun, like Biblical Hebrew תֵּימָן teiman 'south' from יָמִין yamin 'right', Aramaic תַּימנַא taymna from יָמִין yamin 'right' and Syriac ܬܰܝܡܢܳܐ taymna from ܝܰܡܝܺܢܳܐ yamina (hence the name of Yemen, the land to the south/right of the Levant). Navigation By convention, the ''bottom or down-facing side'' of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komandorsky Nature Reserve
Komandorsky Nature Reserve (russian: Командо́рский госуда́рственный биосфе́рный запове́дник) is a ''zapovednik'' (nature reserve) located on the Commander Islands, Kamchatka Krai, Russia. The total area of the preserve is 3,648,679 ha (36,486.79 km2) of which 2,177,398 ha (21,774 km2) are marine buffer zone. The land territory includes most of Bering Island, all of Medny Island, as well as thirteen smaller islands and rocks. It was created in 1993 to protect the diverse ecosystems of the Commander Islands and the surrounding marine waters of the Bering Sea and northern Pacific Ocean. Because of its isolation and the high productivity of the Bering Sea and the Pacific continental shelf, the reserve is marked by a great diversity of animal life. It is a refuge for over a million seabirds, several hundred thousand northern fur seals, several thousand Steller's sea lions, common seals, and spotted seals, a healthy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zapovednik
Zapovednik (russian: заповедник, plural , from the Russian , 'sacred, prohibited from disturbance, committed o protect committed o heritage; ) is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which is kept "forever wild". It is the highest degree of environmental protection for the assigned areas, which are strictly protected and access to the public is restricted. Overview The literal English translation of ''zapovednik'' is "nature sanctuary" (like animal sanctuary); however, in practice, zapovedniks sometimes have to do with the protection of things other than nature and can incorporate historical-cultural, historical–archaeological, and other types of cultural or natural heritage. They also function as important sites for historical research and education and so are comparable to the Sites of Special Scientific Interest as found in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. The term ''zapovednik'', which refers to the reserve, staff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man And The Biosphere Programme
Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1971 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments. MAB's work engages fully with the international development agenda—specially with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda—and addresses challenges linked to scientific, environmental, societal and development issues in diverse ecosystems; from mountain regions to marine, coastal and island areas; from tropical forests to dry lands and urban areas. MAB combines the natural and social sciences, economics and education to improve human livelihoods and the equitable sharing of benefits, and to safeguard natural and managed ecosystems, thus promoting innovative approaches to economic development that are socially and culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable. The MAB program provides a unique platform for coop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spoon-billed Sandpiper
The spoon-billed sandpiper (''Calidris pygmaea'') is a small wader which breeds on the coasts of the Bering Sea and winters in Southeast Asia. This species is highly threatened, and it is said that since the 1970s the breeding population has decreased significantly. By 2000, the estimated breeding population of the species was 350–500. Taxonomy ''Platalea pygmea'' was the scientific name proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It was moved to ''Eurynorhynchus'' by Sven Nilsson in 1821. It is now classified under the calidrid sandpipers. Description The most distinctive feature of this species is its spatulate bill. The breeding adult bird is 14–16 cm in length, and has a red-brown head, neck and breast with dark brown streaks. It has blackish upperparts with buff and pale rufous fringing. Non-breeding adults lack the reddish colouration, but have pale brownish-grey upperparts with whitish fringing to the wing-coverts. The underparts are white and the legs are black.Bir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filipendula
''Filipendula'' is a genus of 12 species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Well-known species include meadowsweet (''Filipendula ulmaria'') and dropwort (''Filipendula vulgaris''), both native to Europe, and queen-of-the-forest ('' Filipendula occidentalis'') and queen-of-the-prairie (''Filipendula rubra''), native to North America. The species grow to between 0.5–2 m tall, with large inflorescences of small five-petalled flowers, creamy-white to pink-tinged in most species, dark pink in ''F. rubra''. ''Filipendula'' fruit are unusual, sometimes described as an indehiscent follicle, or as an achene. ''Filipendula'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species: emperor moth, grey pug, grizzled skipper, Hebrew character, lime-speck pug, mottled beauty and the satellite have all been recorded on meadowsweet. The species were in the past sometimes treated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
